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may refer to the ability to turn the telescope a full rotation on the horizontal axis, which provides a convenient way to reverse the direction of view, or to sight the same object with the yoke in opposite directions, which causes some instrumental errors to
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The accuracy reaches from 0.2" (theodolites, small astrolabes) to 0.01" (modern meridian circles, Danjon). Early instruments (like the mural quadrants of
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79:, and as primary time standards before atomic clocks. The instruments can be divided into three groups: meridian, zenith, and universal instruments.
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Depending on the type of instrument, the measurements are carried out
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377:(6th ed.). The Columbia University Press. 29 September 2018.
185:
telescopes with graduated eyepieces (also for satellite transits)
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Photo of a 19th-century transit instrument (Jones 1826)
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Transit instruments used by the Survey of India, 1867
394:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 181–183.
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55:to measure star positions in order to compile
218:(moving thread with automatic registration)
16:Small telescope used for precise astrometry
301:, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 1–39,
96:in the exact direction of South or North:
399:Great Transit at Lick Observatory, +Photo
295:"Surveying Field Notes, Data Collectors"
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18:
409:The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle
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203:visually and manual time registration (
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47:. They were previously widely used in
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381:
350:, 900 p., J.B.Metzler, Stuttgart 1969
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43:used for the precise observation of
195:Observation techniques and accuracy
39:with extremely precisely graduated
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67:to set extremely accurate clocks (
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363:
243:and were limited to about 0.01°.
382:Dreyer, John Louis Emil (1911).
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174:(Describing a theodolite as a
163:Allow transit measurements in
75:carried on ships to determine
1:
348:Handbuch der Vermessungskunde
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293:Brinker, Russell C. (1987),
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356:and BrĂĽnnow's Handbooks of
307:10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2_1
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49:astronomical observatories
404:Modern roboter telescopes
375:The Columbia Encyclopedia
221:photographic registration
113:(transportable, also for
71:) which were used to set
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59:for use by mariners for
391:Encyclopædia Britannica
69:astronomical regulators
23:Meridian circle at the
385:"Transit Circle"
343:Geodätische Astronomie
299:The Surveying Handbook
28:
216:impersonal micrometer
159:Universal instruments
22:
371:"Transit instrument"
271:Positional astronomy
253:Astronomical transit
207:, Auge-Ohr-Methode,
88:Meridian instruments
61:celestial navigation
266:vertical deflection
111:Passage instruments
92:For observation of
73:marine chronometers
53:naval observatories
25:Kuffner observatory
122:Zenith instruments
33:transit instrument
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27:in Vienna, Austria
358:Spherical Geodesy
316:978-1-4757-1190-5
57:nautical almanacs
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395:
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133:Photozenith tube
128:Zenith telescope
101:Meridian circles
31:In astronomy, a
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332:Further reading
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189:Cinetheodolites
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105:Mural quadrants
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5:
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364:External links
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139:zenith cameras
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115:prime vertical
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63:, and observe
45:star positions
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338:Karl Ramsayer
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275:astro-geodesy
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264:observation,
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229:electro optic
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153:Circumzenital
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94:star transits
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65:star transits
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34:
26:
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374:
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347:
346:, Vol.2a of
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320:, retrieved
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241:no telescope
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234:
214:visually by
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175:
164:
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32:
30:
237:Tycho Brahe
209:chronograph
151:astrolabe,
35:is a small
434:Astrometry
428:Categories
322:2022-09-24
281:References
172:Theodolite
167:direction
262:longitude
227:or other
205:stopwatch
145:astrolabe
117:transits)
77:longitude
37:telescope
354:Cauvenet
258:Latitude
247:See also
231:sensors.
179:cancel.)
147:, Zeiss
439:Geodesy
176:transit
143:Danjon
313:
239:) had
183:Altaz
135:(PZT)
83:Types
41:mount
311:ISBN
107:etc.
51:and
303:doi
225:CCD
165:any
149:Ni2
430::
388:.
373:.
340::
309:,
297:,
273:,
103:,
305::
260:/
211:)
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