314:
270:
146:
114:
220:
20:
1746:
942:
420:, at which point the spacecraft was traveling at approximately 10.4 km/s (34150 ft/s) relative to the Earth. The Apollo 8 TLI was spectacularly observed from the Hawaiian Islands in the pre-dawn sky south of Waikiki, photographed and reported in the papers the next day. In 1969, the Apollo 10 pre-dawn TLI was visible from
136:
missions, since the spacecraft will return to Earth "for free" after the initial TLI burn. The
Apollos 8, 10 and 11 began on a free return trajectory, while the later missions used a functionally similar hybrid trajectory, in which a midway course correction is required to reach the Moon.
94:
near to the radius of the Moon's orbit. The TLI burn is sized and timed to precisely target the Moon as it revolves around the Earth. The burn is timed so that the spacecraft nears apogee as the Moon approaches. Finally, the spacecraft enters the Moon's
466:
became the first commercial satellite to reach the Moon's sphere of influence when, after a launch failure, it swung by the Moon twice as a low delta-v way to reach its desired geostationary orbit. It passed within 6200 km of the Moon's surface.
190:
from many bodies. Gravitation from Earth and Moon dominate the spacecraft's acceleration, and since the spacecraft's own mass is negligible in comparison, the spacecraft's trajectory may be better approximated as a
361:
on
January 2, 1959 which was designed to impact the Moon. The burn however didn't go exactly as planned and the spacecraft missed the Moon by more than three times its radius and was sent into a heliocentric orbit.
478:(GTO), it used solar powered ion engines for propulsion. As a result of its extremely low delta-v TLI maneuver, the spacecraft took over 13 months to reach a lunar orbit and 17 months to reach its desired orbit.
203:
More detailed simulation involves modeling the Moon's true orbital motion; gravitation from other astronomical bodies; the non-uniformity of the Earth's and Moon's
366:
performed the same maneuver more accurately on
September 12, 1959 and crashed into the Moon two days later. The Soviets repeated this success with 22 more
830:
459:
spacecraft, designed to showcase lightweight technologies, used a 3 week long TLI with two intermediate Earth flybys before entering a lunar orbit.
428:. It was described as resembling car headlights coming over a hill in fog, with the spacecraft appearing as a bright comet with a greenish tinge.
929:
950:
526:
170:. The spacecraft is assumed to accelerate only under classical 2 body dynamics, being dominated by the Earth until it reaches the Moon's
90:. As the spacecraft begins coasting on the lunar transfer arc, its trajectory approximates an elliptical orbit about the Earth with an
857:"The TLI firing was begun at PST while the craft was over Hawaii and it was reported there that the burn was visible from the ground."
711:
1623:
211:; and so on. Propagating spacecraft motion in such a model is numerically intensive, but necessary for true mission accuracy.
889:
1683:
174:. Motion in a patched-conic system is deterministic and simple to calculate, lending itself for rough mission design and "
171:
166:, which may be approximated in various ways. The simplest way to explore lunar transfer trajectories is by the method of
96:
474:
technology demonstrator satellite became the first
European satellite to orbit the Moon. After being launched into a
313:
1785:
1678:
1558:
977:
872:
385:, on April 23, 1962. Another 27 US missions to the Moon were launched from 1962 to 1973, including five successful
175:
485:
spacecraft in a lunar orbit. It used multiple burns to slowly raise its apogee to reach the vicinity of the Moon.
1643:
1397:
1775:
1716:
1355:
1346:
1083:
809:
512:
satellites used a low delta-v route to the Moon, passing by the Sun-Earth L1 point, and taking over 3 months.
269:
192:
580:
1663:
1133:
877:
593:
475:
443:
324:
1608:
838:
740:
561:
502:
195:. This model is a closer approximation but lacks an analytic solution, requiring numerical calculation.
1780:
1588:
1415:
1726:
1711:
1236:
416:
lasted approximately 350 seconds, providing 3.05 to 3.25 km/s (10,000 to 10,600 ft/s) of
608:
381:, on January 26, 1962, which failed to reach the Moon. This was followed by the first US success,
1790:
1721:
1029:
455:
63:
from sources outside the Earth-Moon system, a fast
Hohmann transfer is typically more practical.
881:
852:
644:
1770:
1583:
1185:
1105:
1093:
122:
108:
48:
1706:
1648:
1406:
1283:
1251:
1221:
1180:
1165:
1044:
923:
758:
536:
390:
150:
1731:
1553:
1337:
1226:
1195:
1123:
1098:
1073:
1034:
1015:
970:
776:
541:
492:
into a GTO and, like the
Chinese spacecraft, increasing its apogee over a number of burns.
126:
719:
626:
129:
around behind the Moon and return to Earth without need for further propulsive maneuvers.
8:
1593:
1388:
1128:
531:
401:
204:
187:
60:
52:
1266:
1155:
1053:
436:
56:
145:
1633:
1531:
1461:
1216:
1170:
1088:
911:
885:
661:
133:
113:
946:
678:
1613:
1545:
1309:
1271:
1145:
1115:
1068:
694:
386:
87:
75:
36:
219:
1653:
1246:
1150:
1140:
1039:
963:
83:
82:
engine, increases the spacecraft's velocity, changing its orbit from a circular
1749:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1573:
1568:
1499:
1479:
1470:
1063:
1049:
1025:
1020:
995:
394:
367:
167:
163:
1764:
1603:
1598:
1517:
1160:
1078:
521:
489:
306:
67:
582:
Trajectories in the Earth-Moon Space with
Symmetrical Free Return Properties
1668:
1578:
1452:
1435:
1293:
1190:
1058:
482:
371:
354:
912:"A Review of Technical Requirements for Lunar Structures – Present Status"
1673:
1508:
1278:
1258:
1175:
450:
TLI method with a 6-month transfer time (compared to 3 days for Apollo).
66:
A spacecraft performs TLI to begin a lunar transfer from a low circular
19:
1241:
955:
413:
208:
40:
23:
Lunar transfer, perspective view. TLI occurs at the red dot near Earth.
909:
1658:
1010:
497:
463:
439:
425:
421:
400:
For the Apollo lunar missions, TLI was performed by the restartable
162:
TLI targeting and lunar transfers are a specific application of the
409:
382:
378:
1563:
471:
447:
417:
363:
358:
79:
1368:
987:
509:
432:
405:
377:
The United States launched its first lunar impactor attempt,
262:
234:
117:
Sketch of a circumlunar free return trajectory (not to scale)
91:
71:
834:
816:
780:
715:
589:
565:
481:
China launched its first Moon mission in 2007, placing the
248:
44:
446:
in a lunar orbit. Following that, it explored a novel low
186:
More realistically, however, the spacecraft is subject to
121:
In some cases it is possible to design a TLI to target a
699:
Theory of Orbits, The
Restricted Problem of Three Bodies
181:
132:
Such free return trajectories add a margin of safety to
59:
probe. For short duration missions without significant
505:, used this maneuver in 2019, but crashed on the Moon.
374:
missions travelling to the Moon between 1959 and 1976.
865:
863:
397:
missions, which landed the first humans on the Moon.
869:
860:
853:"Independent Star News, Sunday, December 22, 1968"
47:. Typical lunar transfer trajectories approximate
910:Alexander M. Jablonski1a; Kelly A. Ogden (2006).
1762:
153:stack performing the trans-lunar injection burn
55:have also been used in some cases, as with the
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
588:. Technical Note D-1833. Huntsville, Alabama:
16:Propulsive maneuver used to arrive at the Moon
971:
951:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
527:Comparison of super heavy lift launch systems
353:The first space probe to attempt TLI was the
435:launched its first lunar mission, using the
928:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
787:
685:, Paris, Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1892-99.
683:Les MĂ©thodes Nouvelles de MĂ©canique CĂ©leste
578:
1745:
978:
964:
442:to fly by the Moon and place the Hagoromo
606:
985:
701:, Yale University, Academic Press, 1967.
312:
268:
218:
144:
112:
18:
870:French, Francis; Colin Burgess (2007).
1763:
1624:Transposition, docking, and extraction
905:
903:
901:
741:"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details"
488:India followed in 2008, launching the
959:
607:Mansfield, Cheryl L. (May 18, 2017).
182:Restricted circular three body (RC3B)
99:, making a hyperbolic lunar swingby.
898:
198:
13:
949:from websites or documents of the
78:, usually performed by a chemical
14:
1802:
1684:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
157:
1744:
1679:Interplanetary Transport Network
1559:Collision avoidance (spacecraft)
945: This article incorporates
940:
916:Journal of Aerospace Engineering
1644:Astronomical coordinate systems
1398:Longitude of the ascending node
845:
823:
769:
751:
733:
579:Schwaninger, Arthur J. (1963).
1717:Retrograde and prograde motion
704:
688:
672:
654:
637:
619:
600:
572:
554:
393:surveillance probes, and nine
125:, so that the spacecraft will
102:
1:
759:"Soviet Missions to the Moon"
547:
412:rocket. This particular TLI
193:restricted three-body problem
1664:Equatorial coordinate system
878:University of Nebraska Press
594:Marshall Space Flight Center
476:geostationary transfer orbit
325:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
7:
515:
503:Israel Aerospace Industries
317:Animation of LRO trajectory
149:Artist's concept of NASA's
140:
10:
1807:
1416:Longitude of the periapsis
273:Animation of Chandrayaan-2
214:
106:
39:, which is used to send a
1740:
1727:Specific angular momentum
1632:
1544:
1488:
1424:
1377:
1317:
1308:
1204:
1114:
1003:
994:
873:In the Shadow of the Moon
209:solar radiation pressure
1786:Exploration of the Moon
1722:Specific orbital energy
831:"Apollo By the Numbers"
1134:Geostationary transfer
947:public domain material
662:"Launch Windows Essay"
350:
310:
266:
154:
123:free return trajectory
118:
109:Free return trajectory
24:
1776:Spacecraft propulsion
1707:Orbital state vectors
1649:Characteristic energy
1619:Trans-lunar injection
1407:Argument of periapsis
1084:Prograde / Retrograde
1045:Hyperbolic trajectory
650:(Report). p. 93.
537:Trans-Earth injection
316:
272:
222:
148:
116:
29:trans-lunar injection
22:
1554:Bi-elliptic transfer
1074:Parabolic trajectory
542:Trans-Mars injection
223:Animation of GRAIL-A
188:gravitational forces
176:back of the envelope
53:low-energy transfers
1594:Low-energy transfer
855:. 22 December 1968.
763:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
745:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
532:Low energy transfer
408:third stage of the
389:soft landers, five
172:sphere of influence
97:sphere of influence
37:propulsive maneuver
1589:Inclination change
1237:Distant retrograde
418:change in velocity
351:
311:
267:
155:
119:
25:
1781:Orbital maneuvers
1758:
1757:
1732:Two-line elements
1540:
1539:
1462:Eccentric anomaly
1304:
1303:
1171:Orbit of the Moon
1030:Highly elliptical
891:978-0-8032-1128-5
508:In 2011 the NASA
134:human spaceflight
74:. The large TLI
49:Hohmann transfers
1798:
1748:
1747:
1689:Lagrangian point
1584:Hohmann transfer
1529:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1315:
1314:
1284:Heliosynchronous
1233:Lagrange points
1186:Transatmospheric
1001:
1000:
980:
973:
966:
957:
956:
944:
943:
934:
933:
927:
919:
907:
896:
895:
867:
858:
856:
849:
843:
842:
837:. Archived from
827:
821:
820:
814:
806:
785:
784:
773:
767:
766:
755:
749:
748:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
718:. Archived from
708:
702:
695:Victor Szebehely
692:
686:
676:
670:
669:
666:history.nasa.gov
658:
652:
651:
649:
645:Ways to the Moon
641:
635:
634:
631:history.nasa.gov
623:
617:
616:
604:
598:
597:
587:
576:
570:
569:
558:
495:The soft lander
349:
347:
338:
336:
327:
322:
309:
304:
295:
293:
284:
282:
276:
265:
260:
251:
246:
237:
232:
226:
199:Further accuracy
1806:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1736:
1654:Escape velocity
1635:
1628:
1609:Rocket equation
1536:
1528:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1356:Semi-minor axis
1351:
1347:Semi-major axis
1342:
1333:
1327:
1300:
1222:Areosynchronous
1206:
1200:
1181:Sun-synchronous
1166:Near-equatorial
1110:
990:
984:
941:
938:
937:
921:
920:
908:
899:
892:
868:
861:
851:
850:
846:
829:
828:
824:
812:
808:
807:
788:
775:
774:
770:
757:
756:
752:
739:
738:
734:
725:
723:
710:
709:
705:
693:
689:
677:
673:
660:
659:
655:
647:
643:
642:
638:
625:
624:
620:
605:
601:
585:
577:
573:
560:
559:
555:
550:
518:
370:missions and 5
345:
344:
334:
333:
320:
319:
318:
302:
301:
291:
290:
280:
279:
278:
274:
258:
257:
244:
243:
230:
229:
228:
224:
217:
201:
184:
160:
143:
111:
105:
88:eccentric orbit
84:low Earth orbit
17:
12:
11:
5:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1791:Apollo program
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1750:List of orbits
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:Orbit equation
1699:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Gravity assist
1571:
1569:Delta-v budget
1566:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1500:Orbital period
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1480:True longitude
1473:
1471:Mean longitude
1464:
1455:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1227:Areostationary
1224:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1196:Very low Earth
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1124:Geosynchronous
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1106:Transfer orbit
1103:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:Lagrange point
1061:
1056:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1005:
998:
992:
991:
986:Gravitational
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
936:
935:
897:
890:
859:
844:
841:on 2004-11-18.
822:
810:"Beyond Earth"
786:
768:
750:
732:
703:
687:
679:Henri Poincaré
671:
653:
636:
618:
599:
571:
552:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
517:
514:
444:microsatellite
404:engine in the
216:
213:
200:
197:
183:
180:
168:patched conics
164:n body problem
159:
158:Patched conics
156:
142:
139:
107:Main article:
104:
101:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1803:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Astrodynamics
1769:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:-body problem
1696:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Oberth effect
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1518:Orbital speed
1512:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1359:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1272:Earth's orbit
1270:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Geostationary
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
989:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
958:
954:
952:
948:
931:
925:
917:
913:
906:
904:
902:
893:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:
866:
864:
854:
848:
840:
836:
832:
826:
818:
811:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
782:
778:
772:
764:
760:
754:
746:
742:
736:
722:on 2020-09-05
721:
717:
713:
707:
700:
696:
691:
684:
680:
675:
667:
663:
657:
646:
640:
632:
628:
622:
614:
610:
603:
595:
591:
584:
583:
575:
567:
563:
557:
553:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
522:Astrodynamics
520:
519:
513:
511:
506:
504:
500:
499:
493:
491:
490:Chandrayaan-1
486:
484:
479:
477:
473:
470:The 2003 ESA
468:
465:
460:
458:
457:
451:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
391:Lunar Orbiter
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
356:
342:
331:
326:
315:
308:
307:Chandrayaan-2
299:
288:
271:
264:
255:
250:
241:
236:
221:
212:
210:
206:
196:
194:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
152:
151:Constellation
147:
138:
135:
130:
128:
124:
115:
110:
100:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:parking orbit
64:
62:
61:perturbations
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
1712:Perturbation
1694:
1669:Ground track
1618:
1579:Gravity turn
1530:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1453:True anomaly
1451:
1436:Mean anomaly
1434:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1367:
1354:
1345:
1338:Eccentricity
1336:
1294:Lunar cycler
1267:Heliocentric
1207:other points
1156:Medium Earth
1054:Non-inclined
939:
924:cite journal
915:
871:
847:
839:the original
825:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
724:. Retrieved
720:the original
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
665:
656:
639:
630:
621:
612:
602:
581:
574:
556:
507:
496:
494:
487:
480:
469:
461:
454:
453:The 1994 US
452:
430:
399:
376:
355:Soviet Union
352:
340:
329:
297:
286:
253:
239:
207:; including
202:
185:
161:
131:
120:
86:to a highly
65:
32:
28:
26:
1674:Hill sphere
1509:Mean motion
1389:Inclination
1378:Orientation
1279:Mars cycler
1217:Areocentric
1089:Synchronous
627:"APOLLO 12"
609:"Apollo 10"
337: Earth
283: Earth
178:" studies.
103:Free return
51:, although
1765:Categories
1614:Rendezvous
1310:Parameters
1146:High Earth
1116:Geocentric
1069:Osculating
1026:Elliptical
880:. p.
777:"Ranger 4"
726:2019-06-10
548:References
456:Clementine
348: Moon
294: Moon
277:trajectory
227:trajectory
41:spacecraft
1659:Ephemeris
1636:mechanics
1546:Maneuvers
1489:Variation
1252:Libration
1247:Lissajous
1151:Low Earth
1141:Graveyard
1040:Horseshoe
712:"Luna 01"
501:from the
498:Beresheet
483:Chang'e 1
464:Asiasat-3
440:satellite
426:Australia
422:Cloncurry
1425:Position
1050:Inclined
1021:Circular
516:See also
462:In 1997
431:In 1990
410:Saturn V
387:Surveyor
383:Ranger 4
379:Ranger 3
141:Modeling
1634:Orbital
1604:Phasing
1564:Delta-v
1369:Apsides
1363:,
1161:Molniya
1079:Parking
1016:Capture
1004:General
562:"Hiten"
472:SMART-1
448:delta-v
235:GRAIL-A
215:History
205:gravity
70:around
43:to the
35:) is a
1290:Other
1191:Tundra
1059:Kepler
1035:Escape
988:orbits
888:
395:Apollo
364:Luna 2
359:Luna 1
346:
341:·
339:
335:
330:·
328:
323:
321:
305:
303:
298:·
296:
292:
287:·
285:
281:
275:'s
261:
259:
254:·
252:
247:
245:
240:·
238:
233:
231:
225:'s
92:apogee
80:rocket
1532:Epoch
1321:Shape
1259:Lunar
1213:Mars
1205:About
1176:Polar
996:Types
813:(PDF)
648:(PDF)
586:(PDF)
510:GRAIL
437:Hiten
433:Japan
406:S-IVB
343:
332:
300:
289:
263:Earth
256:
242:
72:Earth
57:Hiten
1324:Size
1263:Sun
1242:Halo
1094:semi
930:link
886:ISBN
835:NASA
817:NASA
781:NASA
716:NASA
613:NASA
590:NASA
566:NASA
414:burn
372:Zond
368:Luna
249:Moon
127:loop
76:burn
45:Moon
1099:sub
1011:Box
882:372
402:J-2
357:'s
33:TLI
1767::
1447:,
1443:,
1052:/
1028:/
953:.
926:}}
922:{{
914:.
900:^
884:.
876:.
862:^
833:.
815:.
789:^
779:.
761:.
743:.
714:.
697:,
681:,
664:.
629:.
611:.
592:/
564:.
424:,
27:A
1695:n
1527:0
1524:t
1514:v
1505:n
1496:T
1476:l
1467:L
1458:E
1449:f
1445:θ
1441:ν
1432:M
1412:Ď–
1403:ω
1394:Ω
1385:i
1365:q
1361:Q
1352:b
1343:a
1334:e
979:e
972:t
965:v
932:)
918:.
894:.
819:.
783:.
765:.
747:.
729:.
668:.
633:.
615:.
596:.
568:.
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
