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In some applications, there is a complicated set of trade-offs in choosing materials. For example, soft rubbers often provide better traction but also wear faster and have higher losses when flexed—thus reducing efficiency. Choices in material selection may have a dramatic effect. For example: tires
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The traction of trucks, agricultural tractors, wheeled military vehicles, etc. when driving on soft and/or slippery ground has been found to improve significantly by use of Tire
Pressure Control Systems (TPCS). A TPCS makes it possible to reduce and later restore the tire pressure during continuous
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vehicles. A tank or similar tracked vehicle uses tracks to reduce the pressure on the areas of contact. A 70-ton M1A2 would sink to the point of high centering if it used round tires. The tracks spread the 70 tons over a much larger area of contact than tires would and allow the tank to travel over
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For low-friction surfaces, such as off-road or rice, traction can be increased by using traction devices that partially penetrate the surface; these devices use the shear strength of the underlying surface rather than relying solely on dry friction (e.g., aggressive off-road
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In the design of wheeled or tracked vehicles, high traction between wheel and ground is more desirable than low traction, as it allows for higher acceleration (including cornering and braking) without wheel slippage. One notable exception is in the motorsport technique of
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a physical process in which a tangential force is transmitted across an interface between two bodies through dry friction or an intervening fluid film resulting in motion, stoppage or the transmission of
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used for track racing cars may have a life of 200 km, while those used on heavy trucks may have a life approaching 100,000 km. The truck tires have less traction and also thicker rubber.
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tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the
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Relative motion of tractive surfaces - a sliding object (one in kinetic friction) has less traction than a non-sliding object (one in static friction).
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Diagram of the longitudinal coefficient of adhesion (fx) in function of the speed and the weather conditions for the asphalt:
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Change cross tack (Fy) average during the seasons (represented numerically from 1 to 12) and with different road surfaces.
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is defined as the usable force for traction divided by the weight on the running gear (wheels, tracks etc.) i.e.:
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Other designs dramatically increase surface area to provide more traction than wheels can, for example in
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657:"Tyre Pressure Control on Timber Haulage Vehicles: Some observations on a trial in Highland, Scotland"
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Direction of traction relative to some coordinate system - e.g., the available traction of a
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can cause a substantial loss of traction. This is one reason for grooves and
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Contaminants at the material boundary including lubricants and adhesives.
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vehicle operation. Increasing traction by use of a TPCS also reduces
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Force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface
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between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of either
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Traction also varies with contaminants. A layer of water in the
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Mechanical Wear
Fundamentals and Testing, Raymond George Bayer
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often differs between cornering, accelerating, and braking.
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Traction between two surfaces depends on several factors:
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Laughery, Sean; Gerhart, Grant; Muench., Paul (2000),
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133:, though all three terms have different definitions.
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Evaluating
Vehicle Mobility Using Bekker's Equations
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579:Schexnayder, Clifford J.; Mayo, Richard (2003).
655:Munro, Ron; MacCulloch, Frank (February 2008).
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266:Traction coefficient in engineering design
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585:. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 346.
316:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:Factors affecting coefficient of traction
556:Mechanical Wear Fundamentals and Testing
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550:Bayer, Raymond George (22 April 2004).
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215:Material composition of each surface.
155:B) Asphalt drainage in wet conditions
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582:Construction Management Fundamentals
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298:adding citations to reliable sources
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236:pressing contact surfaces together.
218:Macroscopic and microscopic shape (
57:. It has important applications in
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478:. Craftsman Book Co. p. 215.
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637:J670 Vehicle Dynamics Terminology
552:"Terminology and Classifications"
459:from the original on July 5, 2019
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125:is closely related to the terms
662:. ROADEX III Northern Periphery
608:"4.1.3 Coefficient of Traction"
606:Wong, Jo Yung (20 March 2001).
285:needs additional citations for
181:F) Gravel sedimentary (unbound)
70:Traction can also refer to the
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157:C) Asphalt in wet conditions
106:Traction can be defined as:
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612:Theory of ground vehicles
558:. CRC Press. p. 3.
530:metrotrainsimulation.com
526:"Metro Train Simulation"
379:Anti-lock braking system
197:coefficient of traction
187:coefficient of traction
143:Coefficient of friction
137:Coefficient of traction
84:coefficient of friction
80:coefficient of traction
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177:D) Conglomerate cement
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476:Estimating Excavation
470:Burch, Deryl (1997).
360:of automotive tires.
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171:A) Hot Rolled Asphalt
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121:In vehicle dynamics,
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452:, U.S. Army TARDEC,
414:Sandbox (locomotive)
368:and ride vibration.
294:improve this article
692:Vehicle technology
345:much softer land.
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96:rolling resistance
78:and is termed the
409:Road slipperiness
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179:E) mastic asphalt
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153:A) dry asphalt
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292:Please help
287:verification
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234:Normal force
228:microtexture
224:macrotexture
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201:normal force
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175:C) Quartzite
131:drawbar pull
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82:(similar to
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76:normal force
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51:dry friction
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259:snow chains
102:Definitions
55:shear force
681:Categories
524:Abhishek.
500:"Friction"
431:References
342:half-track
306:April 2009
141:See also:
697:Mechanics
419:Tribology
366:tire wear
173:B) Gravel
666:20 April
535:20 April
509:20 April
454:archived
389:Friction
372:See also
331:drifting
114:—
88:friction
61:, as in
59:vehicles
31:Traction
220:texture
159:D) Snow
98:, etc.
72:maximum
618:
589:
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358:siping
161:E) Ice
111:power.
47:motion
687:Force
660:(PDF)
457:(PDF)
450:(PDF)
261:)....
255:tread
43:force
41:is a
668:2018
616:ISBN
587:ISBN
560:ISBN
537:2018
511:2018
480:ISBN
340:and
247:tire
226:and
185:The
129:and
642:SAE
296:by
257:or
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53:or
37:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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