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coil was now fixed to the core and then inserted into the box from the end face together with the core. The coil box was tightly screwed between the core and the webs of the magnet coil, making loosening impossible. The further development of the track brake now appeared to have been completed for the time being.
260:
AG, and the technical director Müller from the
Magnetic Brake Company was convinced to join the company. For the first time, the track brake for fast-moving vehicles was developed within the Knorr-Bremse company. In cooperation with the German Imperial Railways, the first tests were carried out with
436:
In the deactivated state, the magnets are de-energized and the brake square is brought into the high position. In this case, the centering device ensures that the brake square is centered and fixed in its position. While braking, the brake magnets are activated and center themselves on the rails by
391:
Articulated magnets have magnetic cores that are divided into two end pieces and several intermediate links separated by partitions. While the end pieces are tightly screwed together with the coil body, the intermediate elements can move freely in the openings of the coil case. Thus, they can adapt
280:
It was not until passenger train speeds exceeded 140 km/h (87 mph) and a friction-independent brake system became necessary that the plans for the track brake were brought out again and the design improved. To improve the contact surfaces with the rail, articulated magnets were developed
342:
The suspension is responsible for holding the switched-off magnet above the rail. In the event of braking, the magnet automatically attracts itself to the rails against the effect of the suspension springs. After switching off, the springs of the suspension pull the magnet back into the readiness
268:
It became apparent that the pole shoe commonly used up to then was no longer able to cope with the demands of the high speed and the associated high level of heating. Hence the pole shoes were first slit, then divided and made from individual segments. This increased brake performance by 20%. The
241:
In 1920, the
Magnetic Brake Company, headed by Mr. M. Müller, entered the market with track brakes. Müller attempted to improve the track brake with new designs. For example, he replaced the profiled shoe with a pole shoe made of commercially available flat iron. Until then, track brakes had only
214:
were magnetized to different degrees by the exciter coils, which made the brake force dependent on the strength of the brake current. Even the winding numbers of the exciter coils were different in order to be able to regulate the brake force. Thus, the track brake was also equipped with several
183:
Since magnetic track brakes always act unregulated and at their maximum brake force, they are only used as safety and emergency brakes. They can be used at speeds of up to 280 km/h (170 mph). With the usage of special friction materials they can be used up to speeds of 350 km/h
427:
lowered onto the rails against the force of the springs. The compressed air supply required for this is provided by a separate compressed air reservoir. This ensures that the brake system is still working even if the vehicles brake pipe fails. When the brakes are released, the springs in the
237:
In 1908, Mr. Jores took over the
Westinghouse representation for track brakes in Germany and played a major role in their continuation. After World War I, Jores led the production of his own track brakes after the patent rights had expired. The track brakes were based on drawings taken from
265:. For braking, special brake pads with linings made of synthetic friction materials were used, which acted on brake drums and were attached to the wheel spiders. There was also an electromagnetic track brake available, which however was only to be used as an additional emergency brake.
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between the rail shoe and the rail is dependent on the speed, i.e. with increasing speed, the coefficient of friction decreases. As the project "speed up to 350 km/h" became official, it appeared as if the track brake could no longer be of use for this purpose.
187:
Due to their track-cleaning effect, magnetic track brakes increase the coefficient of adhesion between the following wheels and the rail during the brake process. This additionally leads to an improvement of the wheel-effective brake systems.
168:, the magnetic track brake acts directly on the rail. Therefore, its brake effect is not limited by wheel-rail contact. Thus, environmental factors such as wetness or contamination of the rail have less influence on the brake force.
318:
Magnetic track brakes must also work safely in the event of a contact line failure. The braking system must therefore be designed in such a way that, in the event of a power failure, a supply from the vehicle's
445:
Also with articulated magnets, drivers ensure that the brake force is transmitted from the brake magnets to the vehicle. They are located in all four corners on the inside of the brake frame.
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are only used in mainline. They have reduced brake force and increased wear, but do not form weldings. In France, cast iron is the standard friction material used for magnetic track brakes.
303:. This causes an attractive force between the brake magnet with the pole shoes attached to it and the rail. The pole shoes are pressed onto the rail, and the resulting friction converts the
238:
Westinghouse. They were manufactured until 1929 without any major changes. The main feature of the track brake at that time were the rail shoes, which were made of a special rolled section.
453:
If required, a buffer switch can be mounted on the brake frame. It signals when the brake frame leaves its high position and thus provides information on the status of the track brake.
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in addition to the primary, wheel-effective brake systems. As an additional brake system, they help to ensure that the prescribed brake distances of rail vehicles can be complied with.
492:
offer increased brake performance and do not form weldings, but their wear is higher. Sinter is used in cases where brake force is critical. It is currently used, for example, by
153:, a track rod. When current flows through the magnet coil, the magnet is attracted to the rail, which presses the pole shoes against the rail, thereby decelerating the vehicle.
380:
The pole shoes are located on the underside of the brake magnet. Between the two pole shoes, a non-magnetic strip ensures that a magnetic short circuit does not occur.
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Articulated magnets are usually suspended in high position and are used in mainline railroads. However, they can also be used in low suspension, for example in
383:
The friction material of the rail shoes can be made of different materials, each of which determines the service life and brake performance of the rail shoes.
461:
The pole shoes in magnetic track brakes can be made of different materials. These differ primarily in their magnetic properties, brake force coefficient, and
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If there is not enough space in front of or behind the brake magnet to mount the drivers, they are mounted on top of the magnet. These are referred to as
230:
shoes and on the wheels of the cars via a lever rigging. At that time, it had not yet been recognized that track brakes should work independently of the
253:
initiated a high-speed rail project that envisaged speeds of up to 160 km/h (99 mph) and was to be of great significance for the track brake.
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The actuating cylinders are located on top of the brake square. They are responsible for lowering the brake frame onto the rails and raising it again.
130:
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are attached to the front and rear ends of the brake magnet respectively. They are the preferred and most effective way of transmitting brake force.
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Rigid magnets contain a single steel core running the entire length of the magnet body, with pole shoes located on the underside as wear parts.
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Rigid magnets are usually suspended in low suspension and are used on streetcars. In special cases, the use of track rods is possible.
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hold the brake frame in the high position when the brakes are not applied. When the brakes are applied, the brake frame is
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The drivers are responsible for the transmission of the brake force from the magnet to the bogie. It takes place via
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London. Three years later, the electromagnetic track brake was introduced in
Germany by the Westinghouse Company.
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is the standard friction material for track brakes. The wear of steel pole shoes is low, but they form
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Rigid magnets are typically used for streetcars, where they are usually suspended in a low position.
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293:, it consists of a coil wound around an iron core, which is enclosed by horseshoe-shaped magnets.
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The main component of the magnetic track brake is the brake magnet. Following the principle of an
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The track rods are used to keep the brake magnets at a distance. They also ensure their
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and stability. Together with the two brake magnets, the track rods form the so-called
203:(AT11554) for the first electromagnetic brake for rail vehicles was registered by the
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Kawasaki light rail vehicle showing the track brake magnets between the wheels.
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Magnetic track brakes are distincted between rigid and articulated magnets.
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shoes in order to be able to adapt to possible unevenness of the rails.
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themselves better to unevenness of the rails during the brake process.
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Magnetic track brakes are installed in almost all rail vehicles. Only
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actuating cylinders lift the brake frame back into the high position.
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315:) until the kinetic energy is consumed or the brake is deactivated.
24:
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408:. Track rods must be individually adapted for each vehicle model.
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372:. This type of driver should only be used in exceptional cases.
222:. These were track magnets with an attractive force of around 4
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or shoe brakes depend on the frictional connection between
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and thus for speeds of up to 40 km/h (25 mph).
149:, a suspension, a power transmission and, in the case of
1319:
Electro-pneumatic brake system on
British railway trains
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instead of magnetic track brakes for technical reasons.
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The Mg brake was characterized by the fact that the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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299:is passed through this magnet coil, generating a
218:In 1905, the first tests were carried out by the
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1314:Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
1309:Diesel electric locomotive dynamic braking
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
480:which have to be knocked off regularly.
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256:In 1931, Jores´ company was bought by
1283:Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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13:
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285:Active principle and functionality
176:Magnetic track brakes are used on
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234:between the rail and the wheel.
145:. It consists of brake magnets,
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34:needs additional citations for
1395:Railroad Safety Appliance Act
1278:Westinghouse Air Brake Company
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249:At the beginning of 1930, the
205:Westinghouse Air Brake Company
1:
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323:is guaranteed at all times.
7:
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10:
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1099:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
1070:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
1041:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
1012:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
983:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
954:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
925:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
896:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
867:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
838:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
809:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
780:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
751:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
722:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
693:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
664:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
635:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
606:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
577:KNORR-BREMSE GmbH (2016).
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1074:. Munich. pp. 57–60.
842:. Munich. pp. 49–50.
697:. Munich. pp. 25–28.
610:. Munich. pp. 22–23.
483:
346:
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251:German Imperial Railways
171:
1324:Emergency brake (train)
499:
274:coefficient of friction
143:brake for rail vehicles
16:Brake for rail vehicles
1170:Counter-pressure brake
199:On April 5, 1900, the
134:
1190:Electromagnetic brake
1103:. Munich. p. 62.
1045:. Munich. p. 70.
1016:. Munich. p. 69.
987:. Munich. p. 68.
958:. Munich. p. 67.
929:. Munich. p. 66.
900:. Munich. p. 52.
871:. Munich. p. 57.
813:. Munich. p. 73.
784:. Munich. p. 72.
755:. Munich. p. 49.
726:. Munich. p. 49.
668:. Munich. p. 49.
639:. Munich. p. 23.
581:. Munich. p. 49.
307:of the movement into
220:Rhine Railway Company
156:While brakes such as
124:
512:Areas of application
437:the magnetic force.
139:magnetic track brake
43:improve this article
1304:Diesel brake tender
551:for information on
522:eddy current brakes
504:Pole shoes made of
488:Pole shoes made of
412:Actuating cylinders
387:Articulated magnets
263:"Flying Hamburgian"
1385:Pearson's Coupling
1272:New York Air Brake
1263:Faiveley Transport
1232:Regenerative brake
1225:Railway disc brake
1185:Eddy current brake
1175:Countersteam brake
544:Eddy current brake
151:mainline railroads
135:
1406:
1405:
1365:Dead man's switch
1215:Railway air brake
1210:Kunze-Knorr brake
518:high-speed trains
457:Friction material
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184:(220 mph).
141:(Mg brake) is a
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1397:(United States)
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1380:Hydraulic brake
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1200:Heberlein brake
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1343:Related topics
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297:Direct current
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242:been used for
212:electromagnets
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1292:Other aspects
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1256:Manufacturers
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58:"Track brake"
55:
54:Find sources:
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44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1268:Knorr-Bremse
1247:Vacuum brake
1241:
1101:Track Brakes
1100:
1094:
1072:Track Brakes
1071:
1065:
1043:Track Brakes
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1036:
1014:Track Brakes
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1007:
985:Track Brakes
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956:Track Brakes
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927:Track Brakes
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898:Track Brakes
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869:Track Brakes
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840:Track Brakes
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811:Track Brakes
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782:Track Brakes
781:
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753:Track Brakes
752:
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724:Track Brakes
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41:Please help
36:verification
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1242:Track brake
1237:Steam brake
553:skid brakes
496:in Norway.
406:brake frame
402:parallelism
313:dissipation
158:disc brakes
99:August 2018
1390:Pneumatics
1370:Drum brake
1220:Disc brake
1205:Hand brake
564:References
396:Track rods
376:Pole shoes
343:position.
338:Suspension
244:streetcars
147:pole shoes
69:newspapers
1350:Air brake
1299:Brake van
1109:cite book
1080:cite book
1051:cite book
1022:cite book
993:cite book
964:cite book
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877:cite book
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732:cite book
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616:cite book
587:cite book
549:Brake run
506:cast iron
419:Built-in
321:batteries
1413:Category
1329:Retarder
538:See also
478:weldings
363:Tie bars
353:tie bars
232:friction
532:subways
441:Drivers
421:springs
195:History
83:scholar
490:sinter
484:Sinter
347:Driver
201:patent
85:
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1360:Brake
1163:Types
474:Steel
469:Steel
228:brake
172:Usage
162:wheel
131:SEPTA
129:of a
127:truck
90:JSTOR
76:books
1115:link
1086:link
1057:link
1028:link
999:link
970:link
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912:link
883:link
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680:link
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622:link
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555:and
520:use
500:Cast
463:wear
309:heat
272:The
261:the
166:rail
164:and
125:The
62:news
355:or
45:by
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