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wheel, not the car's chassis. In a traditional independent suspension, the camber and toe are based on the position of the wheel relative to the body. With twist-beam, if both wheels compress together, their camber and toe will not change. Thus, if both wheels started perpendicular to the road and are compressed together, they will stay perpendicular to the road. The camber and toe changes are the result of one wheel being compressed relative to the other.
43:
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models employed either a torsion beam or a true multi-link independent rear suspension depending on market and also trim level. Most i30 models produced in the Czech
Republic have true multi-link independent rear suspension, while those produced in South Korea have torsion-beam rear suspension.
229:
compliance. The closer the cross beam to the axle stubs, the more the camber and toe change under deflection. A key difference between the camber and toe changes of a twist beam versus a traditional independent suspension is the change in camber and toe is dependent on the position of the other
332:
This type of suspension is usually described as semi-independent, meaning that the two wheels can move relative to each other, but their motion is still somewhat inter-linked, to a greater extent than in a true independent rear suspension (IRS). This can mildly compromise the handling and ride
213:
with the spring forming a coil-over. In many cases, the damper is also used as a restraint strap to stop the arm descending so far that the coil spring falls out through being completely unloaded. This location gives a high motion ratio compared with most suspensions, improving performance.
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also have stayed with the twist beam. The sportiest models of its brands, such as the
Renault Mégane RS and the Peugeot 308 II GTi, have proven that twist-beam rear suspension can provide a high level of performance on a compact car, on the racetrack, but also during the
236:
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The twist-beam suspension with the left axle deflected upwards. The deflected wheel now has negative camber. The left and right axles are no longer aligned. The right wheel's camber becomes positive from the deflection of the left wheel.
396:. The Peugeot 308 II was able to outperform its competitors equipped with multi-link rear axles by passing this test at 82 km/h – only 3 km/h less than the Citroën Xantia Activa's world record of 85 km/h in 1999.
261:
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Wheel moves forward as it rises; can also be poor for impact harshness (this can be negated by designing the beam with the mounts higher than the stub axles, which impacts on the floorpan height, and causes more roll
345:'s "Control Blade" multi-link rear suspension introduced in 1999 – a first use of multi-link suspension in the segment. It came back on a twist-beam later for small-engine equipped variants of the Mk6 and Mk7 Golf.
507:
No redress for wheel alignment. Alignment geometry is factory-set and not generally adjustable. Any deviation from factory specifications/tolerances could mean a bent axle or compromised mounting points.
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Single wheel deflection (deflection due to roll) versus both wheels up (deflection in bump). Note that when both wheels are deflected, the axles remain in line and the wheels have no camber change.
242:
Conceptual model of a twist-beam suspension. The green segments illustrate the axle stub centerlines. At rest, the axles are in line and the wheels are vertical (Camber = 0 degrees)
418:
has three rear suspension setups; most hatchback and saloon models have torsion-beam depending on market, while all wagon models have multi-link rear suspension.
459:
Road handling can be excellent, often to the detriment of comfort (examples: Honda Civic Type R FK2, Suzuki Swift Sport, Renault Clio III RS, Peugeot 308 II GTi)
197:, and the rear of the H carries each stub-axle assembly, on each side of the car. The cross beam of the H holds the two trailing arms together, and provides the
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This suspension is commonly used on a wide variety of front-wheel-drive cars (mainly compacts and subcompacts), and was almost ubiquitous on
European
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368:. The twist-beam provided a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension, although the version used in the 2009–2018
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356:) continued to use twist- or torsion-beam suspension up to the end of GM's ownership of the brand, and it was used on the 1982–1988
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Both wheels shown deflected up (bump) and at rest. Note that the axle halves remain in line and the wheel camber does not change.
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quality of the vehicle. For this reason, some manufacturers have changed to different linkage designs. As an example, in 2004,
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Not much recession compliance: can be poor for impact harshness, and will cause unwelcome toe changes (steer effects)
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The longitudinal location of the cross beam controls important parameters of the suspension's behavior, such as the
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at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost-effective rear suspension.
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Not very easy to adjust for reduced roll stiffness, but increasing it is easily done by adding an
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of the suspension, by twisting as the two trailing arms move vertically, relative to each other.
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based on a large H- or C-shaped member. The front of the H attaches to the body via rubber
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The coil springs usually bear on a pad alongside the stub-axle. Often, the shock is
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679:"Peugeot 308 2017 - Maniobra de esquiva (moose test) y eslalon | km77.com"
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http://www.kisouman.com/rear_torsion_beam_axle_components-1476.html
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30:"Torsion beam suspension" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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cars in the mid-1970s, it adopted the system across not just its
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Since toe characteristics may be unsuitable, adding toe-control
725:"CC Newsstand: The Resurgence of Torsion Beam Rear Suspensions"
616:"Astra suspension by Automotive Engineer | Richard Aucock"
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Need to package room for exhaust and so on past the cross beam
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Allen, James (December 2014). "Torsion-beam suspension".
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Welds see a lot of fatigue, may need a lot of development
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Single wheel deflection shown versus both wheels at rest.
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dropped the twist-beam in favor of a true IRS for the
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Twist-beam rear suspension of a
Volkswagen Golf Mk3
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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437:, and bushings are less prone to stress and wear
469:Basic toe vs. lateral force characteristic is
402:is also using twist-beam, although the larger
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449:Springs and shocks can be light and low cost
305:. When Volkswagen changed from rear-engined
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321:supermini, but also the compact-hatchback
341:, possibly in response to its rival, the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
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591:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2003.
482:Camber characteristics are very limited
14:
1038:
588:Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering
584:
555:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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699:"Resultat i Teknikens Världs älgtest"
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
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1046:Automotive suspension technologies
714:|title=Kia Soul: Rear Torsion Beam
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52:needs additional citations for
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504:Camber compliance may be high
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27:Type of automobile suspension
816:Electronic Stability Control
647:. 2010-12-01. Archived from
76:"Twist-beam rear suspension"
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443:Reduces clutter under floor
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348:General Motors in Europe (
309:cars to front-wheel-drive
172:twist-beam rear suspension
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748:A picture of a twist beam
452:May not need a separate
379:Other competitors, the
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180:deformable torsion beam
18:Torsion beam suspension
585:Crolla, David (2015).
414:The fourth-generation
32:Torsion bar suspension
641:"Automotive engineer"
435:multi-link suspension
433:Fewer bushings than
404:Hyundai Elantra (HD)
61:improve this article
783:Automotive handling
572:Automotive Engineer
446:Fairly light weight
339:Volkswagen Golf Mk5
362:Oldsmobile Firenza
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358:Cadillac Cimarron
176:torsion-beam axle
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16:(Redirected from
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319:Volkswagen Polo
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651:on 2016-11-03
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622:on 2014-04-13
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598:9780470974025
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538:on 2010-07-10
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487:anti-roll bar
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464:Disadvantages
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454:anti-roll bar
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117:December 2016
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78: –
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72:Find sources:
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50:This article
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39:
38:
33:
19:
1014:Trailing arm
951:
936:De Dion tube
796:Car handling
728:. Retrieved
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670:Ghostarchive
668:Archived at
664:
653:. Retrieved
649:the original
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624:. Retrieved
620:the original
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540:. Retrieved
533:the original
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
962:Independent
846:Tire / Tyre
821:Fishtailing
789:Main topics
645:Ae-plus.com
408:Hyundai i30
385:Peugeot 308
205:Functioning
1009:Swing axle
999:Multi-link
975:Jaguar IRS
952:Twist beam
915:Suspension
856:Understeer
841:Suspension
730:2023-12-12
655:2016-12-29
626:2012-09-09
542:2010-11-16
512:References
498:oversteer)
440:Simplicity
422:Advantages
416:Ford Focus
394:Moose test
389:Citroen C4
370:Opel Astra
343:Ford Focus
335:Volkswagen
303:superminis
221:curve and
219:roll steer
191:suspension
188:automobile
87:newspapers
931:Beam axle
924:Dependent
900:Pneumatic
851:Transaxle
831:Oversteer
806:Downforce
471:oversteer
311:FF layout
307:RR layout
211:collinear
1040:Category
982:Dubonnet
836:Steering
811:Drifting
672:and the
551:cite web
477:bushings
427:Low cost
400:Kia Soul
350:Vauxhall
329:models.
327:Scirocco
195:bushings
905:Torsion
684:YouTube
315:Audi 50
101:scholar
881:Spring
595:
387:, and
364:, and
227:camber
174:(also
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96:
89:
82:
74:
917:types
883:types
536:(PDF)
529:(PDF)
182:, or
108:JSTOR
94:books
895:Leaf
890:Coil
593:ISBN
574:: 9.
557:link
406:and
354:Opel
352:and
325:and
297:Uses
225:and
170:The
80:news
223:toe
63:by
1042::
681:.
676::
643:.
607:^
553:}}
549:{{
383:,
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115:(
105:·
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