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stone axe and an iron axe - both smashed to pieces. In the same area, there were two rows of rectangular pits two metres apart. Different types of votive material were deposited in different pits, including animal bones, small sherds of pottery, glass beads, and other items which have caused the soil
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Later in the site's history, an east-west wall was built to the south of the platform, so that there was a small courtyard between the platform and this wall. Seven miniature altars were installed for food offerings. Various iron and bronze votives, as well as a stone pot, were found in the soil of
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on the site in 2012. Excavations were carried out by a joint Tajik and German team led by Gunvor
Lindström and T. G. Filimonova from 2013 to 2019. These revealed the western part of the site; the central area is believed to have been destroyed during the construction of the schoolhouse. The finds
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To the south of the rectangular building on the upper terrace, there was another kitchen area, where cooking pottery and animal bones were found in large quantities. This building contained a mud-brick bench with a range of votive offerings embedded within it: an amphora, a
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There was a small rectangular mud-brick building (7 m x 9 m) of unknown function in the centre of the upper terrace. This was originally accessed by a ramp on the north side. A courtyard area to the north of the building was paved with pottery sherds.
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The first ancient remains from the site came to light during the construction of a schoolhouse in the 1950s. The location was identified as a Kushan site in the 1980s, but re-identified as a
Hellenistic site, after locals discovered coins of
278:, where the streams from four separate springs meet. It was probably this location that lead to the establishment of a sanctuary on the site. There was a small settlement located downhill from the sanctuary to the east, but, like
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In the northwestern section of the upper terrace, there was a raised platform with two large basins in the ground, lined with lime mortar, which received water from a spring above the sanctuary. Next to these basins was a
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Two terraces have been discovered, one above the other. The sanctuary was surrounded by a plastered mud-brick wall - traces of this have been brought to light at the south end of the upper and lower terraces.
525:Филимонова, Т. Г.; Линдстрём, Г.; Дружинина, А. П. (2012). "Каменные сосуды из селения Торбулок и открытие первого эллинистического поселения на территории Дангаринского района".
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The structures on the lower terrace were destroyed by modern construction work before they could be excavated, but a large stone basin called a
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Lindström, Gunvor (2017). "Auf der Suche nach dem Ritual: Ausgrabungen in einem hellenistischen
Heiligtum in Torbulok, Tadschikistan".
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The sanctuary was abandoned at the end of the
Hellenistic period, though the associated settlement may have survived into the early
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in each of the bits to take on a different colour. Alongside these pits is a burnt clay structure which is perhaps an altar.
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314:(Oxus) river, at least thirty kilometres away, showing that people came to worship at the site from throughout the region.
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placed in the ground upside down, with its mouth sealed and its base cut open, so that worshippers could deposit
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258:. The site lies at the foot of the Čaltau mountain range. It was the site of a small sanctuary during the
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Torbulok sits in a natural hollow on the eastern slopes of Mount Čaltau, at around 950
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540:"Torbulok, Tadschikistan. Ein neuentdecktes Heiligtum im hellenistischen Osten"
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this layer. The platform and the courtyard were subsequently covered by a
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Lindström, Gunvor (2021). "Southern
Tajikistan". In Mairs, Rachel (ed.).
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to purify themselves before entering the sacred area was found.
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606:"Ein neu entdecktes Heiligtum im hellenistischen Fernen Osten"
402:"Ein neu entdecktes Heiligtum im hellenistischen Fernen Osten"
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from the site are displayed in a small museum in the school.
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in it. Offerings included pebbles, brought from the
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654:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
546:(in German): 120–124.
276:metres above sea level
264:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
203:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
57:Show map of Tajikistan
214:Excavation dates
639:Ancient Central Asia
544:E-Forschungsberichte
248:Kyzylsu river valley
604:Lindström, Gunvor.
400:Lindström, Gunvor.
130:37.9388°N 69.1822°E
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85:Show map of Bactria
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552:10.34780/cf21-79cf
260:Hellenistic period
179:Hellenistic period
170:ca. 1st century BC
82:Torbulok (Bactria)
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344:Greek sanctuaries
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330:, beads, a
270:Description
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109:Coordinates
633:Categories
575:: 161-180.
383:References
377:Ai Khanoum
364:Diodotus I
332:Bronze Age
328:mill stone
284:Diodotus I
256:Tajikistan
209:Site notes
162:ca. 300 BC
121:69°10′56″E
118:37°56′20″N
103:Tajikistan
619:15 August
592:: 99–111.
560:2198-7734
533:: 55–111.
320:landslide
217:2013-2018
167:Abandoned
149:Sanctuary
371:See also
252:Danghara
243:Торбулок
234:Torbulok
193:Bactrian
185:Cultures
95:Location
25:Торбулок
17:Torbulok
304:amphora
175:Periods
159:Founded
154:History
558:
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351:Kushan
312:Vakhsh
238:Tajik
189:Greek
621:2021
556:ISSN
505:ISBN
300:khum
146:Type
548:doi
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