Tomato - Knowledge

646:"had arrived safely". Tomatoes were grown mainly as ornamentals early on after their arrival in Italy. For example, the Florentine aristocrat Giovanvettorio Soderini wrote how they "were to be sought only for their beauty", and were grown only in gardens or flower beds. The tomato's ability to mutate and create new and different varieties helped contribute to its success and spread throughout Italy. However, in areas where the climate supported growing tomatoes, their habit of growing to the ground suggested low status. They were not adopted as a staple of the peasant population because they were not as filling as other fruits already available. Additionally, both toxic and inedible varieties discouraged many people from attempting to consume or prepare any other varieties. In certain areas of Italy, such as Florence, the fruit was used solely as a tabletop decoration, until it was incorporated into the local cuisine in the late 17th or early 18th century. The earliest discovered cookbook with tomato recipes was published in 428: 978:

various tomato fruit attributes. For instance, linkage drag is a phenomenon that has been responsible for alterations in the metabolism of the tomato fruit. Linkage drag describes the introduction of an undesired trait or allele into a plant during backcrossing. This trait/allele is physically linked (or is very close) to the desired allele along the chromosome. In introducing the beneficial allele, there exists a high likelihood that the poor allele is also incorporated into the plant. Thus, breeding efforts attempting to enhance certain traits (for example: larger fruit size) have unintentionally altered production of chemicals associated with, for instance, nutritional value and flavor.

3916: 810: 415: 2631:, which, in combination with the development of a suitable harvester, revolutionized the tomato-growing industry. This type of tomato is grown commercially near plants that process and can tomatoes, tomato sauce, and tomato paste. They are harvested when ripe and are flavorful when picked. They are harvested 24 hours a day, seven days a week during a 12- to 14-week season, and immediately transported to packing plants, which operate on the same schedule. California is a center of this sort of commercial tomato production and produces about a third of the processed tomatoes produced in the world. 2838: 678: 4043: 1030: 2777: 2536:. Meiosis is central to the processes by which diploid microspore mother cells within the anther give rise to haploid pollen grains, and megaspore mother cells in ovules that are contained within the ovary give rise to haploid nuclei. Union of haploid nuclei from pollen and ovule (fertilization) can occur either by self- or cross-pollination. Fertilization leads to the formation of a diploid zygote that can then develop into an embryo within the emerging seed. Repeated fertilizations within the ovary are accompanied by maturation of the ovary to form the tomato fruit. 3070: 2765: 974:, and other metabolites that are sensory and nutritional assets of the ripe fruit. The potent chloroplasts in the dark-green shoulders of the U phenotype are beneficial here, but have the disadvantage of leaving green shoulders near the stems of the ripe fruit, and even cracked yellow shoulders, apparently because of oxidative stress due to overload of the photosynthetic chain in direct sunlight at high temperatures. Hence genetic design of a commercial variety that combines the advantages of types u and U requires fine tuning, but may be feasible. 2892: 3965: 4079: 934: 4027: 2438: 756: 4055: 2075: 942: 2741: 51: 7631:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to lycopene and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1608, 1609, 1611, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1899, 1942, 2081, 2082, 2142, 2374), protection of the skin from UV-induced (including photo-oxidative) damage (ID 1259, 1607, 1665, 2143, 2262, 2373), contribution to normal cardiac function (ID 1610, 2372), and maintenance of normal vision (ID 1827) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006" 2789: 2576: 224: 926: 2753: 8522: 995: 1840: 1387: 2874: 2928: 2568: 2064: 615: 2910: 1440: 2446: 2856: 2086: 1462: 4102: 1451:, and could grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft), although erect bush varieties have been bred, generally 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) tall or shorter. Indeterminate types are "tender" perennials, dying annually in temperate climates (they are originally native to tropical highlands), although they can live up to three years in a greenhouse in some cases. Determinate types are annual in all climates. 2692: 3021:. There are also tomato varieties with fully ripe fruit that is still green. Compared to potatoes, the amount of solanine in unripe green or fully ripe tomatoes is low. However, even in the case of potatoes, while solanine poisoning resulting from dosages several times the normal human consumption has been demonstrated, actual cases of poisoning from excessive consumption of potatoes are rare. 38: 739:. They were not part of the average person's diet, and though by 1820 they were described as "to be seen in great abundance in all our vegetable markets" and to be "used by all our best cooks", reference was made to their cultivation in gardens still "for the singularity of their appearance", while their use in cooking was associated with exotic Italian or Jewish cuisine. For example, in 1555:. As a true fruit, it develops from the ovary of the plant after fertilization, its flesh comprising the pericarp walls. The fruit contains hollow spaces full of seeds and moisture, called locular cavities. These vary, among cultivated species, according to type. Some smaller varieties have two cavities, globe-shaped varieties typically have three to five, 458:, who used the fruit fresh and in their cooking. The Spanish first introduced tomatoes to Europe, where they became used in Spanish food. In France, Italy and northern Europe, the tomato was initially grown as an ornamental plant. It was regarded with suspicion as a food because botanists recognized it as a 6463: 958:

Evidence has been found that 10–20% of the total carbon fixed in the fruit can be produced by photosynthesis in the developing fruit of the normal U phenotype. The u genetic mutation encodes a factor that produces defective chloroplasts with lower density in developing fruit, resulting in a lighter

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first breed of tomato, the Paragon, was introduced in 1870, the beginning of a great tomato culture enterprise in the county. In 1875, he introduced the Acme, which was said to be involved in the parentage of most of the tomatoes introduced by him and his competitors for the next twenty-five years.

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Breeders have turned to using wild tomato species as a source of alleles for the introduction of beneficial traits into modern tomato varieties. For example, wild tomato relatives may possess higher amounts of fruit solids (which are associated with greater sugar content) or resistance to diseases

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in the mid-20th century, so named because the fruits ripened uniformly. This was widely cross-bred to produce red fruit without the typical green ring around the stem on un-crossbred varieties. Prior to general introduction of this trait, most tomatoes produced more sugar during ripening, and were

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Early tomato breeders included Henry Tilden in Iowa and a Dr. Hand in Baltimore. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's 1937 yearbook declared that "half of the major varieties were a result of the abilities of the Livingstons to evaluate and perpetuate superior material in the tomato." Livingston's

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produced within the structure, rather than on the surface, as in most species. The pollen moves through pores in the anther, but very little pollen is shed without some kind of externally-induced motion. The ideal vibratory frequencies to release pollen grains are provided by an insect, such as a

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seeds , with tomatoes, with smoked chile, with hot chile, with yellow chile, with mild red chile sauce, yellow chile sauce, hot chile sauce, with "bird excrement" sauce, sauce of smoked chile, heated , bean sauce; toasted beans, cooked beans, mushroom sauce, sauce of small squash, sauce of large

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may have been the largest single tomato plant in the world. The plant has been recognized as a Guinness World Record Holder, with a harvest of more than 32,000 tomatoes and a total weight of 522 kg (1,151 lb). It yielded thousands of tomatoes at one time from a single vine. Yong Huang,

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Furthermore, breeders of modern tomato cultivars typically strive to produce tomato plants exhibiting improved yield, shelf life, size, and tolerance/resistance to various environmental pressures, including disease. However, these breeding efforts have yielded unintended negative consequences on

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When Livingston began his attempts to develop the tomato as a commercial crop, his aim had been to grow tomatoes smooth in contour, uniform in size, and sweet in flavor. He eventually developed over seventeen different varieties of the tomato plant. Today, the crop is grown in every state in the

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Powell AL, Nguyen CV, Hill T, Cheng KL, Figueroa-Balderas R, Aktas H, Ashrafi H, Pons C, Fernández-Muñoz R, Vicente A, Lopez-Baltazar J, Barry CS, Liu Y, Chetelat R, Granell A, Van Deynze A, Giovannoni JJ, Bennett AB (29 June 2012). "Uniform ripening Encodes a Golden 2-like Transcription Factor

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Greenhouse tomato production in large-acreage commercial greenhouses and owner-operator stand-alone or multiple-bay greenhouses is on the increase, providing fruit during those times of the year when field-grown fruit is not readily available. Smaller sized fruit (cherry and grape), or cluster

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reported seeing a great variety of tomatoes in the Aztec market at Tenochtitlán (Mexico City): "large tomatoes, small tomatoes, leaf tomatoes, sweet tomatoes, large serpent tomatoes, nipple-shaped tomatoes", and tomatoes of all colors from the brightest red to the deepest yellow. Bernardino de

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around the world store seed representing genetic variations of value to modern agriculture. These seed stocks are available for legitimate breeding and research efforts. While individual breeding efforts can produce useful results, the bulk of tomato breeding work is at universities and major

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than as food. In 1897, W. H. Garrison addressed the Medico-Legal Society of New York stating, "The belief was once transmitted that the tomato was sinisterly dangerous." He recalled in his youth tomatoes were dubbed "love-apples or wolf-apples" and they were shunned as "globes of the devil."

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An extensive review in 2022 found and specified many health benefits associated with eating tomatoes, and some risks, due both to external factors (pesticides, microbial contamination, heavy metals from contaminated soil), and intrinsic; for example, lycopene, at least as a supplement, has

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Tomato vines are typically pubescent, meaning covered with fine short hairs. The hairs facilitate the vining process, turning into roots wherever the plant is in contact with the ground and moisture, especially if the vine's connection to its original root has been damaged or severed.

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Unique varieties were developed over the next several hundred years for uses such as dried tomatoes, sauce tomatoes, pizza tomatoes, and tomatoes for long-term storage. These varieties are usually known for their place of origin as much as by a variety name. For example there is the

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settled the tariff controversy on 10 May 1893, by declaring that the tomato is a vegetable, based on the popular definition that classifies vegetables by use—they are generally served with dinner and not dessert. The holding of this case applies only to the interpretation of the

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had been brought to Italy that was blood red or golden color when mature and could be divided into segments and eaten like an eggplant—that is, cooked and seasoned with salt, black pepper, and oil. It was not until ten years later that tomatoes were named in print by Mattioli as

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Tomatoes are a popular "nonlethal" throwing weapon in mass protests, and there was a common tradition of throwing rotten tomatoes at bad performers on a stage during the 19th century; today this is usually referenced as a metaphor. Embracing it for this protest connotation, the

1826:, which was engineered to have a longer shelf life. However, it is no longer commercially available. Scientists are continuing to develop tomatoes with new traits not found in natural crops, such as increased resistance to pests or environmental stresses or better flavor. 5451: 2335:

Although not a disease as such, irregular supplies of water can cause growing or ripening fruit to split. Besides cosmetic damage, the splits may allow decay to start, although growing fruits have some ability to heal after a split. In addition, a deformity called

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).

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is popularly recommended as a companion plant to the tomato. Common claims are that basil may deter pests or improve tomato flavor. However, in double-blind taste tests, basil did not significantly affect the taste of tomatoes when planted adjacent to them.

1458:, and grow as a series of branching stems, with a terminal bud at the tip that does the actual growing. When the tip eventually stops growing, whether because of pruning or flowering, lateral buds take over and grow into other, fully functional, vines. 898:(UC Davis) became a major center for research on the tomato. The C.M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center at UC Davis is a gene bank of wild relatives, monogenic mutants and miscellaneous genetic stocks of tomato. The center is named for the late Dr. 701:

from continental sources, is also one of the earliest discussions of the tomato in England. Gerard knew the tomato was eaten in Spain and Italy. Nonetheless, he believed it was poisonous. (In fact, the plant and raw fruit do have low levels of

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Tieman, D; Bliss, P; McIntyre, LM; Blandon-Ubeda, A; Bies, D; Odabasi, AZ; Rodríguez, GR; van der Knaap, E; Taylor, MG; Goulet, C; Mageroy, MH; Snyder, DJ; Colquhoun, T; Moskowitz, H; Clark, DG; Sims, C; Bartoshuk, L; Klee, HJ (5 June 2012).

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green colour of unripe fruit, and repression of sugars accumulation in the resulting ripe fruit by 10–15%. Perhaps more important than their role in photosynthesis, the fruit chloroplasts are remodelled during ripening into chlorophyll-free

777:. Nineteenth century descriptions of its consumption are uniformly as an ingredient in a cooked dish. In 1881, it is described as only eaten in the region "within the last forty years". Today, the tomato is a crucial and ubiquitous part of 1649:

the correct name. Both names, however, will probably be found in the literature for some time. Two of the major reasons for considering the genera separate are the leaf structure (tomato leaves are markedly different from any other

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Jacobsen, E.; Daniel, M. K.; Bergervoet-van Deelen, J. E. M.; Huigen, D. J. & Ramanna, M. S. (1994). "The first and second backcross progeny of the intergeneric fusion hybrids of potato and tomato after crossing with potato".

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Sahagún mentioned Aztecs cooking various sauces, some with and without tomatoes of different sizes, serving them in city markets: "foods sauces, hot sauces; fried , olla-cooked , juices, sauces of juices, shredded with

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are 10–25 cm (4–10 in) long, odd pinnate, with five to nine leaflets on petioles, each leaflet up to 8 cm (3 in) long, with a serrated margin; both the stem and leaves are densely glandular-hairy.

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agriculture-related corporations. These efforts have resulted in significant regionally adapted breeding lines and hybrids, such as the Mountain series from North Carolina. Corporations including

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Takasugi, Mitsuo; Yachida, Youichi; Anetai, Masaki; Masamune, Tadashi; Kegasawa, Kazuo (1975). "Identification of Asparagusic Acid As a Nematicide Occurring Naturally in the Roots of Asparagus".

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and similar medications. The review concludes that "the synergistic effects of all tomato constituents are likely to outweigh the benefits of tomato's individual constituents, such as lycopene".

2730:'s manager of agricultural science, discovered the unique plant in Beijing, China. Huang brought its seeds to Epcot and created the specialized greenhouse for the fruit to grow. The vine grew 1921:, BHNSeed, and Bejoseed have breeding programs that attempt to improve production, size, shape, color, flavor, disease tolerance, pest tolerance, nutritional value, and numerous other traits. 4653:

A curious herbal: containing five hundred cuts, of the most useful plants, which are now used in the practice of physick : engraved on folio copper plates, after drawings taken from life

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The poor taste and lack of sugar in modern garden and commercial tomato varieties resulted from breeding tomatoes to ripen uniformly red. This change occurred after discovery of a mutant "u"

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in 1986. The largest tomato plant grown was of the cultivar "Sungold" and reached 19.8 m (65 ft) in length, grown by Nutriculture Ltd (UK) of Mawdesley, Lancashire, UK, in 2000.

1031: 986:. However, this tactic has limitations, for the incorporation of certain traits, such as pathogen resistance, can negatively impact other favorable phenotypes, such as fruit production. 6247:

Fitzpatrick, Connor R.; Salas-González, Isai; Conway, Jonathan M.; Finkel, Omri M.; Gilbert, Sarah; Russ, Dor; Teixeira, Paulo José Pereira Lima; Dangl, Jeffery L. (8 September 2020).

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Small amounts of tomato foliage are sometimes used for flavoring without ill effect, and the green fruit of unripe red tomato varieties is sometimes used for cooking, particularly as

840:. They may have been introduced from the Caribbean. By the mid-18th century, they were cultivated on some Carolina plantations, and probably in other parts of the Southeast as well. 5963: 3833:

In the United States, supposed health benefits of consuming tomatoes, tomato products or lycopene to affect cancer cannot be mentioned on packaged food products without a qualified

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are common tomato afflictions, which is why tomato cultivars are often marked with a combination of letters that refer to specific disease resistance. The most common letters are:

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Nowakowska, Marzena; et al. (3 October 2014), "Appraisal of artificial screening techniques of tomato to accurately reflect field performance of the late blight resistance",

4054: 6428:"Do Tomatoes Love Basil but Hate Brussels Sprouts? Competition and Land-Use Efficiency of Popularly Recommended and Discouraged Crop Mixtures in Biointensive Agriculture Systems" 2048:

of 5–10–10 is often sold as tomato fertilizer or vegetable fertilizer, although manure and compost are also used. On average there are 150,000 seeds in a pound of tomato seeds.

494:. The large, lumpy variety of tomato, a mutation from a smoother, smaller fruit, originated in Mesoamerica, and may be the direct ancestor of some modern cultivated tomatoes. 7379: 7186: 4469: 1815:

share the same characteristics and genes, researchers stated the published genome could help to improve food quality, food security and reduce costs of all of these fruits.

3908:, a festival centered on an enormous tomato fight. On 30 August 2007, 40,000 Spaniards gathered to throw 115,000 kg (254,000 lb) of tomatoes at each other in the 2602:

tomatoes (fruit-on-the-vine) are the fruit of choice for the large commercial greenhouse operators while the beefsteak varieties are the choice of owner-operator growers.

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observed that the inner pulp had more flavour that the flesh; a subsequent academic study in which he participated confirmed that the pulp had up to eleven times more

592:, and cultivation began in the 1540s. It was probably eaten shortly after it was introduced, and was certainly being used as food by the early 17th century in Spain. 7130: 3757: 7075: 7607: 4008:

for film and television. The name "Rotten Tomatoes" derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a poor stage performance.

7608:"Qualified Health Claims: Letter Regarding "Tomatoes and Prostate, Ovarian, Gastric and Pancreatic Cancers (American Longevity Petition)" (Docket No. 2004Q-0201)" 397:. (Determinate, or bush, plants are annuals that stop growing at a certain height and produce a crop all at once.) The size of the tomato varies according to the 6937: 1779:

in 2004. A prerelease version of the genome was made available in December 2009. The complete genome for the cultivar Heinz 1706 was published on 31 May 2012 in

2734:-sized tomatoes, which were served at Walt Disney World restaurants. The tree developed a disease and was removed in April 2010 after about 13 months of life. 5302: 1481:(PL) style because of their resemblance to that particular relative. Of RL plants, there are variations, such as rugose leaves, which are deeply grooved, and 6869: 6081: 1566:

For propagation, the seeds need to come from a mature fruit, and must be lightly fermented to remove the gelatinous outer coating and then dried before use.

1512:'s style. Flowers are bisexual and able to self fertilise. The anthers bend into a cone-like structure, surrounding the stigma. The flowers are 1–2 cm ( 747:, it is described under the name "Love Apple (Amoris Pomum)" as being consumed with oil and vinegar in Italy, similar to consumption of cucumbers in the UK. 9406: 2710:

As of 2008, the heaviest tomato harvested weighed 3.51 kg (7 lb 12 oz), was of the cultivar "Delicious", and was grown by Gordon Graham of

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allowing for the production of tomatoes throughout all seasons of the year. Tomato plants typically grow to 1–3 meters (3–10 ft) in height. They are

3955:, played a large part in popularizing the tomato in the late 19th century; his efforts are commemorated in Reynoldsburg with an annual Tomato Festival. 3010:. However, solanine concentrations in foliage and green fruit are generally too small to be dangerous unless large amounts are consumed—for example, as 427: 4026: 3048:

caused the temporary removal of tomatoes from stores and restaurants across the United States and parts of Canada, although other foods, including

7559:"A systematic review of dietary, nutritional, and physical activity interventions for the prevention of prostate cancer progression and mortality" 7156: 5614: 4377: 9221: 9122: 8762: 2340:

can be caused by pests, temperature stress, or poor soil conditions. Affected fruit usually remains edible, but its appearance may be unsightly.

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Muños S, Ranc N, Botton E, Bérard A, Rolland S, Duffé P, Carretero Y, Le Paslier MC, Delalande C, Bouzayen M, Brunel D, Causse M (August 2011).

2216:, which interrupts the lifecycle. As the name implies, it has the symptom of making the top leaves of the plant wrinkle up and grow abnormally. 7312: 3115:

Although tomatoes originated in the Americas, the tomato is now grown and eaten around the world. It is used in diverse ways, including raw in

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to slow the growth of insects. The hormone was first identified in tomatoes, but similar proteins have been identified in other species since.

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tomatoes. This technique encourages the plant to send roots deep to find existing moisture in soil that retains moisture, such as clayey soil.

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Yield, Pest Density, and Tomato Flavor Effects of Companion Planting in Garden-scale Studies Incorporating Tomato, Basil, and Brussels Sprout

1685: 7510:"Whole food versus supplement: comparing the clinical evidence of tomato intake and lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors" 6886: 5805: 3943:

both the state fruit and the state vegetable in the same law, citing both its culinary and botanical classifications. In 2009, the state of

9426: 9421: 1604: 8829: 5960: 902:, a pioneer in tomato genetics research. Research on processing tomatoes is also conducted by the California Tomato Research Institute in 7750: 6957: 6359:

Narvaez-Vasquez, J.; Orozco-Cardenas, M. L. (2008). "15 Systemins and AtPeps: Defense-related Peptide Signals". In Schaller, A. (ed.).

5636: 844:, who ate tomatoes in Paris, sent some seeds back to America. Some early American advocates of the culinary use of the tomato included 710:) Gerard's views were influential, and the tomato was considered unfit for eating (though not necessarily poisonous) for many years in 8909: 7214:"Differences in Glutamic Acid and 5'-Ribonucleotide Contents between Flesh and Pulp of Tomatoes and the Relationship with Umami Taste" 6698: 4852: 474:, which in large quantities would be toxic. However, the ripe fruit contains a much lower amount of tomatine than the immature fruit. 7408:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). 6101: 4921: 3045: 2788: 6763: 606:(foreign eggplant), as the Chinese named many foodstuffs introduced from abroad, but referring specifically to early introductions. 9182: 8710: 7371: 7337: 7190: 5375: 4479: 1623:(Nicolson 1974) was technically valid, because Miller's genus name and Linnaeus's species name differ in exact spelling, but since 450:, is native to western South America. These wild versions were the size of peas. The first evidence of domestication points to the 2495:, despite the common claim that tomatoes do so. That tomatoes pollinate themselves poorly without outside aid is clearly shown in 642:, wrote to the Medici private secretary informing him that the basket of tomatoes sent from the grand duke's Florentine estate at 9247: 9195: 8775: 8723: 6599:

Natarajan, N; Cork, A; Boomathi, N; Pandi, R; Velavan, S; Dhakshnamoorthy, G (2006). "Cold aqueous extracts of African marigold,

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calls itself "The Birthplace of the Tomato", claiming the first commercial variety of tomato was bred there in the 19th century.

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cannot perform. In an outdoors setting, wind or animals usually provide sufficient motion to produce commercially viable crops.

1785:. The latest reference genome published in 2021 had 799 MB and encodes 34,384 (predicted) proteins, spread over 12 chromosomes. 9401: 8847: 8466: 4501:

SILVERTOWN, J. (2017). Vegetables—Variety. DINNER WITH DARWIN: Food, drink, and evolution. S.l.: UNIV OF CHICAGO PRESS.(p. 145)

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was suggested by Karsten (1888), it is not used because it violates the International Code of Nomenclature barring the use of

9265: 7413: 7114: 6656: 6383: 6368: 5435: 5358: 5303:"Can I use "You say Tomato, I (we) say X," in the exactly same manner as "We agree to disagree," in day-to-day conversation?" 4549: 4452: 8888: 8780: 2776: 9252: 8273: 7427: 3947:

passed a law making the tomato the state's official fruit. Tomato juice has been the official beverage of Ohio since 1965.

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The confusion on whether tomatoes are fruits or vegetables has led to legal dispute in the United States. In 1887, U.S.

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people are thought to have believed that those who witnessed the ingestion of tomato seeds were blessed with powers of

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and out of direct sunlight. It is not recommended to refrigerate them as they take a mealy texture and lose flavour.

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Cocaliadis, Maria Florencia; Fernández-Muñoz, Rafael; Pons, Clara; Orzaez, Diego; Granell, Antonio (10 April 2014).

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in 1983, and would be the correct name for the tomato in classifications which do not place the tomato in the genus

8976: 6815: 2740: 6340:. Wallingford, UK: Invasive Species Compendium, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. 23 June 2015 3863:) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as tomato plants. Female 9208: 8816: 8749: 7614:. Letter to Jonathan W. Emord, Esq., Emord & Associates, P.C. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from 7212:

Oruna-Concha, Maria-Jose; Methven, Lisa; Blumenthal, Heston; Young, Christopher; Mottram, Donald (11 July 2007).

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However, by the mid-18th century, tomatoes were widely eaten in Britain, and before the end of that century, the

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The tomato was introduced to China, likely via the Philippines or Macau, in the 1500s. It was given the name 番茄

339:. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century. 8971: 8852: 8580: 5043: 4946: 4633:'LOVE-APPLE, or TOMATO BERRY.-Love apples are now to be seen in great abundance at all our vegetable markets.' 3846: 2616:

To facilitate transportation and storage, tomatoes are often picked unripe (green) and ripened in storage with

2458: 1865: 1408: 9350: 8927: 9273: 6794: 6529:"Effects of amending soil with Tagetes patula cv. Single Gold on Meloidogyne incognita infestation of tomato" 6253: 5606: 3987: 7157:"CDC Probes Salmonella Outbreak, Health Officials Say Bacteria May Have Spread Through Some Form Of Produce" 5980:

Redenbaugh, K.; Hiatt, B.; Martineau, B.; Kramer, M.; Sheehy, R.; Sanders, R.; Houck, C.; Emlay, D. (1992).

5501:"Increase in tomato locule number is controlled by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms located near WUSCHEL" 3915: 3753: 634:

The recorded history of tomatoes in Italy dates back to at least 31 October 1548, when the house steward of

9174: 9161: 7367: 4601: 2752: 2324: 852:. Many Americans considered tomatoes to be poisonous at this time and, in general, they were grown more as 320: 9083: 6672:

Frankie, Gordon; Thorp, Robbin; Coville, Rollin; barbara, Ertter; California Native Plant Society (2014).

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Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica

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pronunciation disputes. In this capacity, it has even become an American and British slang term: saying "

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receives much credit for developing numerous varieties of tomato for both home and commercial gardeners.

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Safety Assessment of Genetically Engineered Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study of the Flavr Savr Tomato

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may have been the first to transfer a small yellow tomato to Europe after he captured the Aztec city of

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on vegetables, but not on fruit, caused the tomato's status to become a matter of legal importance. In

550:, now Mexico City, in 1521. The earliest discussion of the tomato in European literature appeared in a 8702: 5996: 2590:

in cooler climates, and cultivars such as the British 'Moneymaker' and a number of cultivars grown in

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situations, where pollination must be aided by artificial wind, vibration of the plants (one brand of

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and then the entire Asian continent. The Spanish also brought the tomato to Europe. It grew easily in

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species are conspicuously absent from the tomato). On the other hand, hybrids of tomato and diploid

809: 50: 8202: 7997: 5575:"Physiological Changes in Roma-type Tomato Induced by Mechanical Stress at Several Ripeness Stages" 5474: 4017: 3024:

Tomato plants can be toxic to dogs if they eat large amounts of the fruit, or chew plant material.

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The leaves, stem, and green unripe fruit of the tomato plant contain small amounts of the alkaloid

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were the most productive in 2012, with a nationwide average of 476 tonnes per hectare, followed by

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to reduce the impact of bacterial wilt, sometimes by reducing bacterial abundance and sometimes by

2205:. Handling cigarettes and other infected tobacco products can transmit the virus to tomato plants. 1850: 711: 482:

The exact date of domestication is unknown; by 500 BC, it was already being cultivated in southern

446: 8803: 7711:"The LysM receptor-like kinase Sl LYK 10 regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato" 7662:

Varela, L. G.; Bernays, E. A. (1 July 1988). "Behavior of newly hatched potato tuber moth larvae,

5995:

Michaels, Tom; Clark, Matt; Hoover, Emily; Irish, Laura; Smith, Alan; Tepe, Emily (20 June 2022).

5401: 4882: 1368:" when presented with two choices can mean "What's the difference?" or "It's all the same to me". 514: 9169: 9109: 8986: 8914: 8440: 8412: 5809: 3948: 3884: 3859: 3823: 2598:, it is not uncommon to start seeds in greenhouses during the late winter for future transplant. 2057: 1959: 1861: 1854: 1666:, and are partially fertile, providing evidence of the close relationship between these species. 1404: 1397: 860: 20: 7106: 7100: 5039:"Increasing tomato fruit quality by enhancing fruit chloroplast function. A double-edged sword?" 3631: 2516:

bumblebee, or the original wild halictid pollinator, capable of engaging in a behavior known as

845: 9226: 9156: 8767: 8542: 8137: 7916: 7758: 7345: 3849:

concluded in 2011 that the evidence for lycopene having any of these effects was inconclusive.

3144: 2295: 1905: 1117: 778: 764: 555: 331:, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the 6903: 5254: 4710: 4692: 4512: 3592: 1962:; because it is more savoury (umami) than sweet, it is typically served as part of a salad or 1935: 874:

Because of the long growing season needed for this heat-loving crop, several states in the US

8218: 8112: 8057: 6863: 6646: 6560:

Hooks, Cerruti R.R; Wang, Koon-Hui; Ploeg, Antoon; McSorley, Robert (2010). "Using marigold (

6404: 6085: 4474: 4121: 3961:

was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food licensed for human consumption.

3879: 3842: 3605: 3151: 2500: 2320: 2219: 1041: 849: 829: 677: 589: 167: 8878: 5640: 5276: 2623:

A machine-harvestable variety of tomato (the "square tomato") was developed in the 1950s by

2608:

technique is often used in hostile growing environments, as well as high-density plantings.

2503:

is a wand called an "electric bee" that is used manually), or more often today, by cultured

1692: 8658: 8430: 8243: 8182: 7853: 7675: 7000:"Tomato production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)" 6745: 6616: 6573: 6439: 6172: 5858: 5191: 4969: 3657: 3618: 3231:, sometimes in the sun where climate permits, and sold either in bags or in jars with oil. 3018: 2696: 2202: 2181: 635: 7557:

Hackshaw-McGeagh LE, Perry RE, Leach VA, Qandil S, Jeffreys M, Martin RM, Lane JA (2015).

6112: 5782: 4925: 3069: 2028:, and the court did not purport to reclassify the tomato for botanical or other purposes. 1775:

An international consortium of researchers from 10 countries, began sequencing the tomato

1477:, and are called regular leaf (RL) plants, but some cultivars have simple leaves known as 8: 9337: 8901: 8445: 8343: 8321: 8142: 8127: 8102: 8032: 7449:

Collins, Edward J.; Bowyer, Cressida; Tsouza, Audrey; Chopra, Mridula (4 February 2022).

7262:. University of California: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Archived from 6771: 4065: 4061: 3756:

for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from

3074: 2304: 2231: 1914: 1700: 903: 794: 9148: 8689: 7889: 7857: 7679: 6620: 6577: 6443: 6271: 6176: 6111:. California Foundation for Agriculture in the Classroom. September 2014. Archived from 5862: 5379: 5195: 4973: 4401: 2484:) did not move with them. The trait of self-fertility became an advantage, and domestic 2373:. Several species of umbellifer are therefore often grown with tomato plants, including 685:

Tomatoes were not grown in England until the 1590s. One of the earliest cultivators was

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Klee, Harry J.; Tieman, Denise M. (2018). "The genetics of fruit flavour preferences".

4993: 4787: 4442: 4406: 4085: 3994: 3952: 3837:

statement. In a scientific review of potential claims for lycopene favorably affecting

3819: 3644: 3572: 3334: 3011: 2247: 2078: 663: 650:

in 1692, though the author had apparently obtained these recipes from Spanish sources.

619: 543: 336: 191: 45: 8253: 7002:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2022 5654: 4565: 3964: 3177: 2652:. However, the product was not commercially successful, and was sold only until 1997. 346:

flavor. They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces,

335:, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread cultural interchange known as the 9396: 9324: 9091: 8873: 8645: 8525: 8263: 8087: 7909: 7871: 7811: 7732: 7588: 7539: 7490: 7472: 7419: 7409: 7288: 7233: 7110: 7046: 6729: 6677: 6652: 6427: 6364: 6296: 6284: 6276: 6200: 6006: 5943: 5925: 5884: 5755: 5719: 5530: 5431: 5354: 5158: 5112: 5072: 4985: 4779: 4607: 4583: 4545: 4518: 4448: 4005: 3670: 3457: 3105: 3007: 2521: 2134: 715: 463: 436: 374: 7695: 7058: 7042: 6459: 5211: 4997: 4201:

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have established that the formerly segregate genera

3119:

or in slices, stewed, incorporated into a wide variety of dishes, or processed into

9436: 9096: 8999: 8650: 8490: 8371: 8283: 8278: 8268: 8167: 8077: 8042: 7946: 7861: 7801: 7793: 7754: 7722: 7683: 7642: 7578: 7570: 7529: 7521: 7480: 7462: 7225: 7038: 6849: 6741: 6721: 6624: 6581: 6540: 6509: 6447: 6266: 6190: 6180: 6051: 5933: 5915: 5874: 5866: 5767: 5747: 5701: 5586: 5520: 5512: 5346: 5199: 5150: 5104: 5095: 5062: 5052: 4977: 4771: 3474: 3199: 2711: 2517: 2492: 2422: 2414: 2279: 2263: 2235: 2098: 2067: 2010: 1781: 1556: 1316: 1280: 1248: 1216: 1184: 1123: 1078: 1052: 1023: 853: 841: 267: 238: 9047: 8940: 8601: 7213: 6987:

The country's only single vine "tomato tree" growing in The Land pavilion at Epcot

5124: 4733: 4300: 4196: 2998:, whose effect on humans has not been studied. They also contain small amounts of 9373: 9309: 9060: 9026: 8860: 8790: 8614: 8435: 8401: 8288: 8248: 8177: 8172: 8117: 8047: 7987: 6944: 6628: 6585: 6390: 6185: 5967: 4759: 4539: 4033: 4001: 3228: 3190:

after they were introduced to the region by the Portuguese in the 15th century.

3167: 3163: 2628: 2396: 2359: 2287: 2259: 2213: 2090: 1955: 1951: 1930: 1474: 1174: 1162: 933: 899: 891: 643: 390: 312: 88: 9278: 8963: 7709:

Buendia, Luis; Wang, Tongming; Girardin, Ariane; Lefebvre, Benoit (April 2016).

2664:

in 2012 for tomato cultivation and the total production was about 161.8 million

2551:, play a key role in homologous recombinational repair of DNA during meiosis. A 2437: 1641:

evidence has now shown that Linnaeus was correct to put the tomato in the genus

755: 9332: 9037: 8896: 8386: 8381: 8157: 8092: 8072: 8037: 7403: 6889:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2014. Archived from 5920: 5591: 5574: 3814:

Studies in 2014 and 2015 did not find conclusive evidence to indicate that the

3082: 3053: 2961: 2668:. The average world farm yield for tomato was 33.6 tonnes per hectare in 2012. 2465:

of wild tomatoes extends farther out of the flower than today's cultivars. The

2366: 2271: 2102: 2074: 2025: 1991: 1947: 1943: 1764: 1663: 1552: 1166: 837: 833: 736: 690: 585: 523: 294: 75: 7866: 7841: 7797: 7574: 6451: 6248: 5979: 5203: 5154: 5108: 1485:, angora leaves, which have additional colors where a genetic mutation causes 1448: 941: 9390: 9135: 8507: 8496: 8376: 8298: 8233: 8228: 8022: 7951: 7647: 7630: 7476: 7263: 6280: 6076: 5929: 5350: 4783: 4143: 3927:

Several US states have adopted the tomato as a state fruit or vegetable (see

3889: 3867:

use the leaves to lay their eggs and the hatched larvae will eat away at the

3808: 3791: 3767: 3392: 3290: 3132: 3109: 3041: 2983: 2897: 2595: 2378: 2308:, feeds on foliage and young fruit of tomato plants, causing shrivelling and 2227: 2146: 2015: 1754: 1596: 1575: 1537: 971: 817: 790: 786: 359: 304: 183: 9291: 9239: 7467: 6545: 6528: 5141:

Stevens, M. Allen (1986). "Inheritance of Tomato Fruit Quality Components".

4981: 2575: 527:

tomatoes, sauce of ordinary tomatoes, sauce of various kinds of sour herbs,

466:. This was exacerbated by the interaction of the tomato's acidic juice with 223: 9363: 8953: 8565: 8502: 8396: 8328: 8303: 8062: 7956: 7875: 7815: 7736: 7592: 7543: 7494: 7423: 7237: 7050: 6697:

Stassen NY, Logsdon JM, Vora GJ, Offenberg HH, Palmer JD, Zolan ME (1997).

6288: 6204: 5947: 5888: 5759: 5723: 5534: 5146: 5116: 5076: 4989: 4132: 3834: 3683: 3266: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3136: 2559:), suggesting that recombinational repair occurs during meiosis in tomato. 1800: 1508:, have the anthers fused along the edges, forming a column surrounding the 1170: 1059:

might be the tomato, and despite the impossibility of this identification,

821: 547: 540: 519: 394: 316: 9314: 7782:"Genetically modified food from crops: progress, pawns, and possibilities" 7525: 7366: 6733: 6725: 6384:

Tomato Casual » Boost Your Tomatoes with Companion Planting! – Part 1

6337: 6026: 5847:"The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution" 5516: 5226: 4278: 389:

that sprawls and typically needs support. Indeterminate tomato plants are

8798: 8736: 8624: 8574: 8484: 8333: 8293: 8152: 8122: 8082: 8067: 8017: 7992: 7966: 7961: 6999: 6854: 6674:

California bees & blooms : a guide for gardeners and naturalists

6358: 6000: 5057: 5038: 4537: 4153: 4107: 4069: 3920: 3787: 3250: 3124: 2795: 2672: 2454: 2283: 2124: 1971: 1963: 1720: 1560: 1533: 1486: 1478: 982:

caused by microbes, such as resistance towards the early blight pathogen

960: 925: 910: 813: 686: 666: 623: 581: 455: 355: 8865: 6564:

spp.) as a cover crop to protect crops from plant-parasitic nematodes".

5870: 5678:"Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) gene phylogeny of wild tomatoes ( 3049: 662:, the "hanging tomato of Vesuvius", or the well known and highly prized 497:

The Aztecs raised several varieties of tomato, with red tomatoes called

303:, commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western 9187: 8715: 8476: 8391: 8258: 8223: 8147: 8052: 8027: 8012: 7687: 7131:"A selection of North American tomato related outbreaks from 1990–2005" 6848:(4). University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources: 6–7. 6840:

Bruening, G.; Lyons, J.M. (2000). "The case of the FLAVR SAVR tomato".

6513: 5751: 5715: 5067: 4791: 4247: 4148: 3958: 3932: 3491: 3440: 3400: 3206: 3187: 3036: 2649: 2605: 2587: 2496: 2481: 2477: 2370: 2337: 2193: 2045: 1979: 1823: 1733: 1482: 1411: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1310: 964: 914: 887: 883: 782: 698: 491: 459: 386: 378: 134: 7727: 7710: 7229: 5902:

Su, Xiao; Wang, Baoan; Geng, Xiaolin; et al. (15 December 2021).

5475:"A tomato is actually a fruit — but it's a vegetable at the same time" 4865: 4831: 576:, the Spanish distributed the tomato throughout their colonies in the 558:, an Italian physician and botanist, who suggested that a new type of 9143: 8741: 8684: 8671: 8420: 8361: 8187: 7666:

Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in relation to their host plants".

7251:

Parnell, Tracy L.; Suslow, Trevor V.; Harris, Linda J. (March 2004).

7102:

Hound Health Handbook: The Definitive Guide to Keeping your Dog Happy

7021:

Barceloux, D. G. (2009). "Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity (

6921:"Curiosities of I-5, facts about King and the benefits of volunteers" 6246: 4168: 3875: 3868: 3783: 3550: 3537: 3524: 3388: 3090: 2731: 2644: 2580: 2504: 2410: 2386: 2323:. Systemin activates defensive mechanisms, such as the production of 2209: 1616: 994: 951: 577: 510: 367: 363: 124: 8536: 5706: 5677: 4775: 3974: 2441:

Tomato flower in full bloom, next to a young, green developing fruit

2097:

Tomato cultivars vary widely in their resistance to disease. Modern

1839: 1603:. The name came into wide use, but was technically in breach of the 1386: 937:

Tomatoes for sale in a market in France, these are ancient varieties

9358: 9020: 8948: 8824: 8559: 8425: 8338: 8238: 8197: 8192: 8107: 8007: 5405: 5178:

Chaerani, Reni; Voorrips, Roeland E. (2006). "Tomato early blight (

5036: 4163: 4137: 4126: 3936: 3909: 3905: 3815: 3804: 3779: 3778:(see table). 100 grams (3.5 oz) of raw tomatoes supply 18 kilo 3728: 3423: 3171: 2999: 2995: 2567: 2485: 2461:

than domestic cultivars. As a floral device to reduce selfing, the

2426: 2418: 2316: 2309: 2275: 2170: 2063: 2041: 1995: 1983: 1975: 1918: 1909: 1638: 1544: 1505: 967: 875: 703: 614: 559: 471: 398: 114: 101: 9213: 8754: 8676: 7325:

Store Tomatoes Stem-End Down to Keep Them from Rotting Too Quickly

7211: 4734:"The History of the Tomato: The Fruit that Spread Round the World" 3901: 3040:

outbreaks between 1990 and 2005, and may have been the cause of a

2476:

As tomatoes were moved from their native areas, their traditional

1547:

terms, tomato is regarded as a vegetable, its fruit is classified

1439: 9286: 9104: 8366: 7315:. Cooks Illustrated (1 July 2008). Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 5831: 5655:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" 4922:"UC Newsroom, UC Davis Tomato Geneticist Charles Rick Dies at 87" 4872:

pp. 178–81. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed 25 May 2018/

4760:"The History of the Use of the Tomato: An Annotated Bibliography" 4492:

The Aztecs, Richard F. Townsend , revised edition 2000 (p. 180-1)

3978: 3775: 3368: 3120: 2957: 2680: 2676: 2661: 2635: 2591: 2533: 2445: 2374: 2255: 1999: 1987: 1967: 1583: 1013: 879: 639: 528: 144: 7842:"The Chemical Interactions Underlying Tomato Flavor Preferences" 7838: 7556: 4221:, and all species of these four genera have been transferred to 2365:

The devastating tomato hornworm has a major predator in various

909:

In California, growers have used a method of cultivation called

8663: 8097: 6393:. Tomatocasual.com (6 May 2008). Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 6249:"The Plant Microbiome: From Ecology to Reductionism and Beyond" 4158: 3827: 3507: 3397: 3003: 2979: 2933: 2879: 2512: 2508: 2466: 2462: 2429:

known to attack tomato plants. Marigolds also repel nematodes.

2392: 2113: 2109: 2085: 2006: 1812: 1776: 1710: 1659: 1654:), and the biochemistry (many of the alkaloids common to other 1588: 1548: 1509: 1501: 1461: 768: 763:

The tomato was introduced to cultivation in the Middle East by

647: 551: 487: 483: 467: 332: 324: 308: 7628: 1051:, who used it to denote a plant that has not been identified. 434:: the oldest surviving tomato fruit and leaves. Page from the 6499: 4838:

p. 179. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed 25 May 2018/

4378:"Why the Tomato Was Feared in Europe for More Than 200 Years" 3280: 3183: 3159: 3155: 3140: 3116: 3094: 3086: 2975: 2971: 2915: 2861: 2843: 2826: 2799: 2727: 2700: 2691: 2665: 2547: 2470: 2402: 2267: 2037: 1970:. Tomatoes are not the only food source with this ambiguity; 1939: 1808: 1804: 1579: 1455: 1354: 1295: 1231: 1138: 1048: 798: 732: 627: 451: 351: 347: 343: 279: 62: 7895: 5573:

Lee, Eunkyung; Sargent, Steven A.; Huber, Donald J. (2007).

5335:

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment

4821:

Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press, p. 152.

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outbreak causing 172 illnesses in 18 US states in 2006. The

37: 7901: 7708: 7394: 7289:"Selecting, Storing and Serving Ohio Tomatoes, HYG-5532-93" 7076:"Executive Summary Chaconine and Solanine: 6.0 through 8.0" 6696: 5342: 4899: 4866:

Improvement and Genetics of Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant

4832:

Improvement and Genetics of Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant

4819:

The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery.

3944: 3102: 2541: 2382: 2312:

of leaves, flowers, and fruit, possibly killing the plant.

2299: 2291: 1744: 1493: 1360: 1345: 1337: 1331: 1322: 1301: 1286: 1269: 1263: 1254: 1237: 1222: 1205: 1199: 1190: 1144: 1129: 1099: 1093: 1084: 728: 382: 373:

Numerous varieties of the tomato plant are widely grown in

285: 273: 256: 250: 244: 7507: 7372:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels" 6671: 6598: 6216: 4517:. University of Texas Press: Austin TX. pp. 108–118. 4444:

The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery

2974:, with China accounting for 37% of the total, followed by 2511:

of a tomato flower is shaped like a hollow tube, with the

227:

Tomatoes: whole, halved vertically and halved horizontally

7448: 6405:"A Companion Planting Trio: Tomatoes, Borage, and Squash" 6242: 6240: 5904:"A high-continuity and annotated tomato reference genome" 5844: 5182:): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance". 5013:"Flavor Is Price of Scarlet Hue of Tomatoes, Study Finds" 4129:, an early attempt at breeding a disease-resistant tomato 3838: 3771: 3310: 1532: in) across, yellow, with five pointed lobes on the 7344:. Canadian Produce Marketing Association. Archived from 6707:, and phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic recA homologs" 6699:"Isolation and characterization of rad51 orthologs from 5994: 5845:

Sato, S.; Tabata, S.; Hirakawa, H.; et al. (2012).

4544:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 357. 3931:). Tomatoes have been designated the state vegetable of 2562: 1627:

has become so well known, it was officially listed as a

6908:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

4673:. Yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 26 January 2009 4447:. Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press. 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 2002:) are all botanically fruit, yet cooked as vegetables. 1017: 504: 498: 7133:. Food Safety Network. 30 October 2006. Archived from 6559: 6237: 4924:. University of California. 8 May 2002. Archived from 4806:

The cigarette book: the history and culture of smoking

2970:

In 2022, world production of tomatoes was 186 million

7253:"Tomatoes:Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy" 5669: 5498: 4958: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4699:. Vol. 1. D. Appleton and Co. 1876. p. 519. 4606:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 44. 3212:

Unripe tomatoes can be kept in a paper bag to ripen.

2488:

of tomato have been selected to maximize this trait.

2453:

In the wild, original state, tomatoes required cross-

2449:

Flowers and ripe fruit can be present simultaneously.

2421:

that kills this pest, while asparagus plants contain

2358:

Tomatoes serve, or are served by, a large variety of

1153: 1108: 601: 7835:(Columbia University Press, 2010), scholarly history 6958:"Most tomatoes harvested from one plant in one year" 6402: 4538:

Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè (2000).

4421: 4097: 3215:

Tomatoes are easy to preserve whole, chopped, or as

1669: 1357: 1342: 1334: 1319: 1298: 1283: 1266: 1251: 1234: 1228: 1219: 1202: 1196: 1187: 1141: 1126: 1096: 1081: 282: 270: 253: 241: 7250: 6314:. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from 6221:. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from 5259:

Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London

4757: 4646: 2648:, which could be vine ripened without compromising 1351: 1348: 1328: 1325: 1292: 1289: 1260: 1257: 1225: 1193: 1135: 1132: 1090: 1087: 276: 247: 7405:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 6947:. Nutriculture.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 6913: 6309: 5088: 5086: 4960:Regulating Tomato Fruit Chloroplast Development". 4841: 4352:"Why Is This Wild, Pea-Sized Tomato So Important?" 2594:are specifically bred for indoor growing. In more 828:The earliest reference to tomatoes being grown in 327:used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the 7898:– Phenotypes and images of 7,000 tomato cultivars 6868:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3582: 3378: 1958:" because it has a much lower sugar content than 1489:to be excluded from some portions of the leaves. 9388: 7327:. Lifehacker.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 6005:. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 5783:"International Tomato Genome Sequencing Project" 5639:. International Plant Name Index. Archived from 5177: 3919:Tomatoes thrown from a truck during the Spanish 3097:flavour, rather than significant sweetness (see 2222:is another common disease impacting yield. Wang 1063:entered scientific use as a name for the fruit. 7360: 5572: 5083: 4804:Quoted in Chris Harrald, and Fletcher Watkins, 4770:(4). Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 336–338. 4599: 3112:, which carries umami flavour, than the flesh. 3093:for culinary purposes. It has a strong savoury 2101:focus on improving disease resistance over the 1559:have a great number of smaller cavities, while 801:and other dishes, made into sauces, and so on. 418:Grape tomatoes on the vine for sale at a market 393:in their native habitat, but are cultivated as 7892:– Sequencing of the twelve tomato chromosomes. 7342:Canadian Produce Marketing Association Website 7189:. Calgary Herald. 11 June 2008. Archived from 6648:Nature at Work – the Ongoing Saga of Evolution 5675: 5657:. International Association for Plant Taxonomy 5566: 4036:(heritage tomato in British English) cultivars 3245:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) 1619:in botanical nomenclature. The corrected name 920: 7917: 7661: 6839: 6813: 6644: 6640: 6638: 5961:Tomato genome is sequenced for the first time 5803: 5402:"Are there different types of tomato leaves?" 4510: 4345: 4343: 3968: 3175: 2469:were, and remain, entirely within the closed 2315:After an insect attack tomato plants produce 2093:, caused by fluctuation in water availability 2036:The tomato is grown worldwide for its edible 1007: 655: 564: 358:classified as berries—they are commonly used 5901: 5613:. Gardeners' World Magazine. 24 March 2019. 5149:: Avi Publishing Company. pp. 273–311. 5010: 4900:"C. M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center" 4568:. I Musei del Cibo della provincia di Parma. 4467: 4440: 4326:"Umami: why the fifth taste is so important" 4323: 2555:homolog is present in the anther of tomato ( 1055:speculated in the 16th century that Galen's 878:became major tomato-producers, particularly 9407:Crops originating from indigenous Americans 7098: 6897: 6690: 5970:. Rdmag.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 5832:"Tomato Genome Shotgun Sequence Prerelease" 5307:English Language & Usage Stack Exchange 5136: 5134: 4693:"Syria under the last five Turkish Sultans" 4671:"British Consuls in Aleppo – Your Archives" 4566:"Tomato Museum: 05 – The History of Tomato" 4395: 4393: 4391: 3928: 3209:, as it may keep from rotting too quickly. 3098: 2717:A massive "tomato tree" growing inside the 2695:The "tomato tree" as seen by guests on the 1868:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7924: 7910: 7833:Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy 7368:United States Food and Drug Administration 7218:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 6881: 6879: 6635: 6338:"Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite)" 6162: 5092: 5030: 4580:Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy 4340: 4281:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 4 January 2018 3073:Tomatoes stuffed with hard-boiled egg and 2532:Pollination and fruit formation depend on 886:. In California, tomatoes are grown under 36: 7865: 7805: 7726: 7646: 7605: 7582: 7533: 7484: 7466: 7020: 7014: 6853: 6544: 6270: 6194: 6184: 5937: 5919: 5878: 5705: 5590: 5524: 5066: 5056: 4637:(London, England), 22 September 1820, p.3 4600:Staller, John; Carrasco, Michael (2009). 4582:New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 4402:"Accused, Yes, but Probably Not a Killer" 4349: 4319: 4317: 3182:. Tomato became a key ingredient in many 3150:Tomatoes have become extensively used in 3046:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak 2794:Tomatoes being collected from the field, 1924: 1888:Learn how and when to remove this message 1427:Learn how and when to remove this message 7606:Schneeman, Barbara O (8 November 2005). 6950: 6807: 6156: 5549:"Selecting Tomatoes for the Home Garden" 5131: 5004: 4388: 4171:, a similar fruit from the related genus 3963: 3914: 3068: 2690: 2574: 2566: 2444: 2436: 2208:Another particularly dreaded disease is 2084: 2073: 2062: 1460: 1438: 1047:, meaning "wolf peach", originated with 993: 945:More modern varieties for sale in France 940: 932: 924: 890:for both the fresh fruit market and for 808: 754: 727:stated the tomato was "in daily use" in 676: 613: 426: 413: 222: 7629:European Food Safety Authority (2011). 7070: 7068: 6992: 6876: 6792: 6603:for control tomato root knot nematode, 6484: 6425: 5676:Peralta, I. E.; Spooner, D. M. (2001). 5425: 5269: 5140: 4764:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 3766:A raw tomato is 95% water, contains 4% 3143:, and is used in cocktails such as the 2611: 1954:. However, the tomato is considered a " 1902:Germplasm Resources Information Network 1788: 534: 9389: 7786:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 7105:. Workman Publishing Company. p. 6980: 6904:"FAOSTAT: Production-Crops, 2012 data" 6887:"FAOSTAT: Production-Crops, 2012 data" 6466:from the original on 18 September 2016 5428:Horticulture: Principles and Practices 5252: 4952: 4314: 4140:, a similar fruit also used in cooking 4117:List of countries by tomato production 1611:still had priority. Although the name 1022: 836:reported seeing them in what is today 432:Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 8541: 8540: 7905: 7779: 7622: 7599: 6526: 6403:Colleen Vanderlinden (29 June 2021). 6361:Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory 6352: 6219:"Tomato-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Disease" 6217:Pfleger, F. L.; Zeyen, R. J. (2008). 6027:"Is a Tomato a Fruit or a Vegetable?" 5472: 5466: 4758:McCue, George Allen (November 1952). 4731: 4399: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4191: 4189: 4187: 3895: 2563:Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation 1599:moved it to its own genus, naming it 681:Tomatoes for sale in a UK supermarket 503:and green tomatoes (physalis) called 470:plates. The leaves and fruit contain 342:Tomatoes are a significant source of 9412:Crops originating from South America 9302:ad67521d-7c4f-43bf-880c-0a8a063c6f06 8977:bede19ce-e3ad-48cd-a1bb-69d1348bfdb8 8840:b804d3f6-54f6-4531-85da-dfeeed3ecff8 8274:Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs 7550: 7501: 7065: 6968:from the original on 5 December 2022 6489:, West Virginia University Libraries 4947:California Tomato Research Institute 4273: 4271: 4269: 3941:South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink Tomato 3127:. Unripe green tomatoes can also be 1900:The Tomato Genetic Resource Center, 1866:adding citations to reliable sources 1833: 1563:have very few, very small cavities. 1465:An unripe tomato growing on the vine 1409:adding citations to reliable sources 1380: 574:Spanish colonization of the Americas 329:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 9427:Fruits originating in South America 9422:Fruits originating in North America 8467:British Tomato Growers' Association 8133:Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio 7508:Burton-Freeman B, Sesso HD (2014). 6330: 6272:10.1146/annurev-micro-022620-014327 5806:"Tomato genome project gets $ 1.8M" 5780: 5617:from the original on 3 January 2023 4808:(Skyhorse Publishing, 2010) p. 185. 4541:The Cambridge World History of Food 4514:America's First Cuisines (page 117) 4016:For a more comprehensive list, see 3874:Tomato forms a mutually beneficial 3807:effect undesirable for patients on 2746:Tomato plants 7 days after planting 2343: 2056:For a more comprehensive list, see 1447:Tomato plants are vines, initially 963:that synthesize and accumulate the 706:, but are not generally dangerous. 658:Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio 13: 8462:2010 United States tomato shortage 7825: 7382:from the original on 27 March 2024 6432:Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 5808:. News.cornell.edu. Archived from 5283:. Cambridge University Press. 2015 5224: 5184:Journal of General Plant Pathology 4711:"Natural History, Science, &c" 4229: 4184: 4060:A variety of cultivars, including 3990:adopted the tomato as their logo. 3892:for investigating this symbiosis. 3227:. The fruit can also be preserved 3162:sauces. Tomatoes are also used in 2527: 2389:that attack various tomato pests. 2330: 319:food may have originated with the 14: 9448: 7883: 7751:"Spain's tomato fighters see red" 7163:. 30 October 2006. Archived from 6816:"Not All Industrial Food Is Evil" 6761: 5804:Ramanujan, K. (30 January 2007). 4889:March 2017. Accessed 25 May 2018. 4375: 4350:Estabrook, Barry (22 July 2015). 4266: 3939:took both sides by declaring the 3845:, heart function and vision, the 2246:Some common tomato pests are the 1818:The first commercially available 1670:Genetics and genetic modification 1569: 697:, published in 1597, and largely 444:The wild ancestor of the tomato, 350:, and drinks. While tomatoes are 315:. Its domestication and use as a 9351:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:146898-2 8928:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316947-2 8521: 8520: 7890:Tomato Genome Sequencing Project 7773: 7757:. 30 August 2007. Archived from 7743: 7702: 7655: 7442: 7330: 7318: 7306: 7281: 7244: 7205: 7179: 7149: 7123: 7092: 6814:Bittman, Mark (17 August 2013). 5740:Theoretical and Applied Genetics 5373: 5277:"English definition of 'tomato'" 4468:Donnelly, L. (26 October 2008). 4100: 4077: 4053: 4041: 4025: 2926: 2908: 2890: 2872: 2854: 2836: 2787: 2775: 2763: 2758:Tomato seedlings growing indoors 2751: 2739: 2660:The world dedicated 4.8 million 1950:, together with its seeds, of a 1838: 1607:because Linnaeus's species name 1385: 1315: 1309:") and have become a symbol for 1279: 1247: 1215: 1183: 1122: 1077: 1066: 1040:, meaning "swelling fruit". The 804: 781:, served fresh in salads (e.g., 401:, with a range of 1–10 cm ( 266: 237: 49: 7896:Tomato core collection database 7430:from the original on 9 May 2024 7043:10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.03.009 6931: 6833: 6786: 6755: 6665: 6592: 6553: 6520: 6493: 6478: 6419: 6396: 6377: 6303: 6210: 6130: 6094: 6069: 6044: 6019: 5988: 5973: 5954: 5895: 5838: 5824: 5797: 5774: 5730: 5647: 5629: 5599: 5541: 5492: 5444: 5419: 5394: 5367: 5328:"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)" 5320: 5295: 5246: 5218: 5171: 4940: 4914: 4892: 4875: 4858: 4824: 4811: 4798: 4751: 4725: 4703: 4685: 4663: 4640: 4627: 4593: 4572: 4558: 4531: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4461: 4048:Homegrown multicolored tomatoes 3770:, and has less than 1% each of 3198:Tomatoes keep best unwashed at 3006:leaves and other plants in the 2721:'s experimental greenhouses in 2625:University of California, Davis 1396:needs additional citations for 1012:, which in turn comes from the 896:University of California, Davis 6793:Bittman, Mark (14 June 2011). 6138:"Mortgage Lifter Tomato Seeds" 5997:"Chapter 8.1 Fruit Morphology" 5553:University of Nebraska–Lincoln 5044:Journal of Experimental Botany 4870:Yearbook of Agriculture, 1937, 4836:Yearbook of Agriculture, 1937, 4369: 4356:Smithsonian Journeys Quarterly 4293: 3847:European Food Safety Authority 3205:Storing stem down can prolong 3034:Tomatoes were linked to seven 2782:52-day-old plant, first fruits 2432: 2031: 1799:Since many other fruits, like 1376: 1179:Let's Call the Whole Thing Off 750: 486:and probably other areas. The 477: 462:, a relative of the poisonous 1: 9402:Crops originating from Mexico 6858:(inactive 16 September 2024). 6485:Bomford, Michael (May 2004), 6426:Bomford, Michael (May 2009). 6310:Hahn, J.; Fetzer, J. (2009). 6254:Annual Review of Microbiology 5430:. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 5281:Cambridge Dictionaries Online 5255:"On the Love Apple or Tomato" 5011:Kolata, Gina (28 June 2012). 4324:Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). 4178: 3904:, Spain, annually celebrates 3888:. Scientists use tomato as a 3852: 3782:and are a moderate source of 3089:, the tomato is considered a 3027: 2806: 2679:(463 tonnes per hectare) and 1662:can be created in the lab by 1540:of three to twelve together. 832:is from 1710, when herbalist 771: 707: 7931: 6629:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.03.008 6586:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.005 6186:10.1371/journal.pone.0109328 5337:. OECD Consensus Documents. 4732:Beyer, Greg (7 April 2024). 3752:Percentages estimated using 3234: 3002:, a toxic alkaloid found in 2986:as major producers (table). 2586:Tomatoes are often grown in 1966:of a meal, rather than as a 1931:Vegetable § Terminology 1071:The usual pronunciations of 989: 955:sweeter and more flavorful. 321:indigenous peoples of Mexico 7: 8472:Genetically modified tomato 6795:"The True Cost of Tomatoes" 6764:"Growing in the Greenhouse" 5686:(Mill.) Wettst. subsection 5473:Abadi, Mark (26 May 2018). 5232:Online Etymology Dictionary 4093: 3797: 3745:Link to USDA Database entry 3081:Though it is botanically a 3064: 2989: 2640:genetically modified tomato 2238:but slow growing genetics. 2228:phage combination therapies 2201:A common tomato disease is 2081:feeding on tomato plant sap 2051: 1829: 1795:Genetically modified tomato 921:Modern commercial varieties 602: 580:. They also took it to the 10: 9453: 7668:Journal of Insect Behavior 7187:"Tomatoes taken off menus" 5921:10.1186/s12864-021-08212-x 5694:American Journal of Botany 5592:10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1237 5454:. Singapore National Parks 4659:. p. 342 (plate 133). 4400:Mcgee, H. (29 July 2009). 4328:. The Guardian, London, UK 4015: 4011: 4006:review-aggregation website 3790:), but otherwise have low 3193: 3056:, may have been involved. 2686: 2683:(429 tonnes per hectare). 2579:Greenhouse cultivation in 2409:Tomato plants can protect 2347: 2055: 1928: 1792: 1504:, appearing on the apical 672: 584:, from where it spread to 422: 18: 9010: 8549: 8516: 8454: 8410: 8354: 8211: 7975: 7939: 7867:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.016 7798:10.1007/s00216-008-2313-4 7575:10.1007/s10552-015-0659-4 6452:10.1080/10440040902835001 5984:. CRC Press. p. 288. 5637:"Lycopersicon esculentum" 5204:10.1007/s10327-006-0299-3 5155:10.1002/9781118061015.ch9 5109:10.1038/s41576-018-0002-5 4578:Gentilcore, David (2010) 3973:(The Tomato Festival) in 3751: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3719: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3682: 3669: 3656: 3643: 3630: 3617: 3604: 3591: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3549: 3536: 3523: 3506: 3490: 3473: 3456: 3439: 3422: 3387: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3347: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3279: 3263: 3259: 3255:74 kJ (18 kcal) 3249: 3244: 2954: 2814:Tomato production – 2022 2813: 2723:Lake Buena Vista, Florida 2705:Lake Buena Vista, Florida 1820:genetically modified food 1763: 1753: 1742: 1731: 1719: 1709: 1699: 1684: 1674: 1621:Lycopersicon lycopersicum 1613:Lycopersicum lycopersicum 1578:placed the tomato in the 1371: 759:Tomatoes growing in Ghana 626:highly prized for making 440:, 1558. Naturalis Leiden. 202:Lycopersicon lycopersicum 197: 190: 173: 166: 46:Scientific classification 44: 35: 30: 9432:Plants described in 1753 8203:List of tomato cultivars 8003:Aunt Ruby's German Green 7648:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2031 6989:. Walt Disney World News 6943:31 December 2020 at the 6676:. Berkeley, CA: Heydey. 6651:. Springer. p. 41. 6389:1 September 2017 at the 5999:. In Tepe, Emily (ed.). 5376:"Crop Profiles – Tomato" 5351:10.1787/9789264279728-en 4018:List of tomato cultivars 2719:Walt Disney World Resort 2655: 2491:This is not the same as 2395:is thought to repel the 2354:List of beneficial weeds 2350:List of companion plants 2241: 2070:feeding on unripe tomato 1473:Most tomato plants have 609: 595: 447:Solanum pimpinellifolium 9325:Lycopersicon_esculentum 9123:Lycopersicon_esculentum 9012:Lycopersicon esculentum 7664:Phthorimaea operculella 7468:10.3390/biology11020239 7294:. Ohio State University 6705:Lycopersicon esculentum 6546:10.1163/156854100509394 6312:"Slugs in Home Gardens" 5253:Sabine, Joseph (1820). 4982:10.1126/science.1222218 4855:. ci.reynoldsburg.oh.us 3949:Alexander W. Livingston 3885:Rhizophagus irregularis 3860:Phthorimaea operculella 3857:The potato tuber moth ( 3824:cardiovascular diseases 3754:US recommendations 3154:as a key ingredient in 3059: 2557:Lycopersicon esculentum 2480:(probably a species of 2417:, because they contain 2296:Colorado potato beetles 2058:List of tomato diseases 2044:. A fertilizer with an 1625:Lycopersicon esculentum 1601:Lycopersicon esculentum 1018: 1006:comes from the Spanish 861:Alexander W. Livingston 724:Encyclopædia Britannica 716:North American colonies 505: 499: 377:across the world, with 210:Lycopersicon esculentum 21:Tomato (disambiguation) 8138:Pomodorino di Manduria 7612:Labeling and Nutrition 6962:Guinness World Records 6938:A World Record Breaker 6842:California Agriculture 6645:Sharma, V. P. (2012). 6527:Ploeg, Antoon (2000). 5785:. Sol Genomics Network 5452:"Solanum lycopersicum" 5143:Plant Breeding Reviews 4511:Sophie D. Coe (2015). 3982: 3969: 3924: 3880:arbuscular mycorrhizal 3758:the National Academies 3176: 3078: 2770:27 days after planting 2707: 2583: 2572: 2571:Hydroponic cultivation 2457:; they were much more 2450: 2442: 2094: 2082: 2071: 1994:of all kinds (such as 1925:Fruit versus vegetable 1536:; they are borne in a 1466: 1444: 1118:North American English 1008: 999: 946: 938: 930: 929:Yellow cherry tomatoes 825: 779:Middle Eastern cuisine 760: 682: 669:grown in that region. 656: 631: 590:Mediterranean climates 569:, or "golden apples". 565: 556:Pietro Andrea Mattioli 441: 419: 411:–4 in) in width. 228: 8219:List of tomato dishes 7563:Cancer Causes Control 7526:10.3945/an.114.005231 7088:on 28 September 2014. 7081:. NIH. Archived from 6726:10.1007/s002940050189 6605:Meloidogyne incognita 6102:"Processing tomatoes" 6002:The Science of Plants 5517:10.1104/pp.111.173997 4817:Smith, A. F. (1994). 4475:The East Hampton Star 4441:Smith, A. F. (1994). 4376:Smith, K. Annabelle. 4122:List of tomato dishes 3988:Dutch Socialist party 3967: 3918: 3843:ultraviolet radiation 3822:affects the onset of 3353:Vitamins and minerals 3152:Mediterranean cuisine 3072: 2694: 2578: 2570: 2448: 2440: 2385:. These also attract 2321:plant peptide hormone 2088: 2077: 2066: 1464: 1442: 1169:were immortalized in 997: 944: 936: 928: 850:Robert Gibbon Johnson 830:British North America 812: 758: 680: 617: 515:Bernardino de Sahagún 454:and other peoples in 430: 417: 226: 8830:Solanum~lycopersicum 8703:Solanum lycopersicum 8581:Solanum lycopersicum 8551:Solanum lycopersicum 8431:Tobacco mosaic virus 8244:Fried green tomatoes 7618:on 14 November 2017. 7099:Brevitz, B. (2004). 7027:Solanum lycopersicum 6893:on 6 September 2015. 6855:10.3733/ca.v054n04p6 6566:Applied Soil Ecology 6109:Commodity Fact Sheet 5426:Acquaah, G. (2002). 4864:Boswell, Victor R. " 4830:Boswell, Victor R. " 4382:Smithsonian Magazine 4254:Encyclopedia of Life 4250:Solanum lycopersicum 3019:fried green tomatoes 2697:Living with the Land 2671:Tomato farms in the 2612:Picking and ripening 2298:. The tomato russet 2203:tobacco mosaic virus 2182:tobacco mosaic virus 2162:wilt strain I and II 2040:, with thousands of 2009:laws that imposed a 1984:aubergines/eggplants 1946:, consisting of the 1862:improve this section 1822:was a tomato called 1789:Genetic modification 1647:Solanum lycopersicum 1593:Solanum lycopersicum 1405:improve this article 998:Bangladeshi tomatoes 894:and processing. The 846:Michele Felice Cornè 767:, British consul in 638:, the grand duke of 535:Spanish distribution 300:Solanum lycopersicum 177:Solanum lycopersicum 159:S. lycopersicum 19:For other uses, see 8344:Tomato and egg soup 8143:Pomodoro di Pachino 7858:2012CBio...22.1035T 7680:1988JIBeh...1..261V 7461:(2). MDPI AG: 239. 7269:on 14 February 2013 6925:Chester Progressive 6621:2006CrPro..25.1210N 6578:2010AppSE..46..307H 6444:2009JSusA..33..396B 6177:2014PLoSO...9j9328N 6056:Fruit or Vegetable? 6031:Fruit or Vegetable? 5966:4 June 2012 at the 5871:10.1038/nature11119 5863:2012Natur.485..635T 5607:"Welcome to nginx!" 5382:on 26 November 2009 5196:2006JGPP...72..335C 4974:2012Sci...336.1711P 4968:(6089): 1711–1715. 4648:Elizabeth Blackwell 3475:Pantothenic acid (B 3241: 2381:, and occasionally 2325:protease inhibitors 2305:Aculops lycopersici 1996:courgettes/zucchini 1681: 1680:Genomic information 1167:dual pronunciations 904:Escalon, California 775: 1799 to 1825 741:Elizabeth Blackwell 554:written in 1544 by 8446:Tomato russet mite 8113:Matt's Wild Cherry 7998:Arkansas Traveller 7831:David Gentilcore. 7780:Morin, XK (2008). 7761:on 12 October 2007 7688:10.1007/BF01054525 7167:on 13 October 2007 7137:on 26 January 2008 6927:. 16 January 2008. 6820:The New York Times 6800:The New York Times 6762:Jones, J. Benton. 6514:10.1246/cl.1975.43 5752:10.1007/BF00225895 5611:gardenersworld.com 5058:10.1093/jxb/eru165 5017:The New York Times 4928:on 10 October 2008 4853:About Reynoldsburg 4697:Appletons' Journal 4407:The New York Times 4217:are nested within 4084:Red tomatoes with 3995:Reynoldsburg, Ohio 3983: 3953:Reynoldsburg, Ohio 3925: 3896:In popular culture 3841:, skin exposed to 3818:in tomatoes or in 3709:Other constituents 3239: 3221:concentrated paste 3079: 2708: 2596:temperate climates 2584: 2573: 2451: 2443: 2095: 2083: 2072: 2021:U.S. Supreme Court 1956:culinary vegetable 1765:Year of completion 1701:Specimen sequenced 1679: 1629:nomen conservandum 1605:plant naming rules 1557:beefsteak tomatoes 1467: 1454:Tomato plants are 1445: 1024:[ˈtomat͡ɬ] 1000: 947: 939: 931: 913:, especially with 826: 761: 683: 632: 442: 420: 375:temperate climates 337:Columbian exchange 229: 9384: 9383: 8874:Open Tree of Life 8543:Taxon identifiers 8534: 8533: 8264:Pasta al pomodoro 7852:(11): 1035–1039. 7728:10.1111/nph.13753 7415:978-0-309-48834-1 7230:10.1021/jf070791p 7193:on 25 August 2011 7116:978-0-7611-2795-6 7023:Solanum tuberosum 6964:. 20 April 2006. 6701:Coprinus cinereus 6658:978-81-8489-991-7 6502:Chemistry Letters 6370:978-1-4020-8181-1 6052:"Confusing Items" 5857:(7400): 635–641. 5700:(10): 1888–1902. 5437:978-0-13-033125-0 5360:978-92-64-27971-1 5225:Harper, Douglas. 5180:Alternaria solani 5051:(16): 4589–4598. 4551:978-0-521-40214-9 4470:"Killer Tomatoes" 4454:978-1-57003-000-0 4068:(lower left) and 4004:" is an American 3794:content (table). 3764: 3763: 3699: 3698: 3240:Red tomatoes, raw 3129:breaded and fried 3106:Heston Blumenthal 3008:nightshade family 2968: 2967: 2964: 2459:self-incompatible 2415:asparagus beetles 2379:Queen Anne's lace 2280:tomato fruitworms 2264:tobacco hornworms 2212:, carried by the 2108:Various forms of 1898: 1897: 1890: 1773: 1772: 1437: 1436: 1429: 984:Alternaria solani 854:ornamental plants 636:Cosimo de' Medici 437:En Tibi Herbarium 385:that have a weak 221: 220: 9444: 9417:Fruit vegetables 9377: 9376: 9367: 9366: 9354: 9353: 9341: 9340: 9328: 9327: 9318: 9317: 9305: 9304: 9295: 9294: 9282: 9281: 9279:NHMSYS0000460517 9269: 9268: 9256: 9255: 9243: 9242: 9230: 9229: 9217: 9216: 9204: 9203: 9191: 9190: 9178: 9177: 9165: 9164: 9152: 9151: 9139: 9138: 9126: 9125: 9113: 9112: 9100: 9099: 9087: 9086: 9077: 9076: 9064: 9063: 9051: 9050: 9041: 9040: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9003: 9002: 8990: 8989: 8980: 8979: 8967: 8966: 8957: 8956: 8944: 8943: 8931: 8930: 8918: 8917: 8905: 8904: 8892: 8891: 8882: 8881: 8869: 8868: 8856: 8855: 8843: 8842: 8833: 8832: 8820: 8819: 8807: 8806: 8794: 8793: 8784: 8783: 8771: 8770: 8758: 8757: 8745: 8744: 8732: 8731: 8719: 8718: 8706: 8705: 8693: 8692: 8680: 8679: 8667: 8666: 8654: 8653: 8641: 8640: 8628: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8605: 8604: 8595: 8594: 8585: 8584: 8583: 8570: 8569: 8568: 8538: 8537: 8524: 8523: 8491:Museum of Tomato 8436:Tomato fruitworm 8372:Pickapeppa Sauce 8284:Sun-dried tomato 8279:Stuffed tomatoes 8269:Pizza Margherita 8103:Lillian's Yellow 7976:Tomato cultivars 7926: 7919: 7912: 7903: 7902: 7879: 7869: 7820: 7819: 7809: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7730: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7586: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7537: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7488: 7470: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7293: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7268: 7257: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7080: 7072: 7063: 7062: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6954: 6948: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6917: 6911: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6883: 6874: 6873: 6867: 6859: 6857: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6770:. Archived from 6768:Growing Tomatoes 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6744:. Archived from 6714:Current Genetics 6711: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6400: 6394: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6318:on 11 March 2011 6307: 6301: 6300: 6274: 6244: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6198: 6188: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6117: 6106: 6098: 6092: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6023: 6017: 6016: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5977: 5971: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5941: 5923: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5882: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5709: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5585:(5): 1237–1242. 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5528: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5479:Business Insider 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5378:. Archived from 5371: 5365: 5364: 5332: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5090: 5081: 5080: 5070: 5060: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4896: 4890: 4879: 4873: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4839: 4828: 4822: 4815: 4809: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4597: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4478:. Archived from 4465: 4459: 4458: 4438: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4397: 4386: 4385: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4301:"Tomato History" 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4275: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4248:"Garden Tomato. 4244: 4227: 4226: 4193: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4088:in a supermarket 4081: 4057: 4045: 4029: 3972: 3586: 3511: 3495: 3478: 3461: 3444: 3427: 3389:Vitamin A equiv. 3382: 3349: 3348: 3242: 3238: 3200:room temperature 3181: 3170:dishes, such as 2955: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2830: 2811: 2810: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2743: 2712:Edmond, Oklahoma 2545:gene, including 2539:Homologs of the 2518:buzz pollination 2493:self-pollination 2423:asparagusic acid 2360:companion plants 2344:Companion plants 2260:tomato hornworms 2068:Tomato fruitworm 1938:, a tomato is a 1893: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1873: 1842: 1834: 1727: 1695: 1682: 1678: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1432: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1389: 1381: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1053:Luigi Anguillara 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1026: 1021: 1011: 842:Thomas Jefferson 824:tomato varieties 797:), grilled with 776: 773: 745:A Curious Herbal 661: 622:is a well-known 605: 568: 508: 502: 410: 409: 405: 293:) is the edible 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 281: 278: 275: 272: 263: 262: 259: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 214: 206: 179: 54: 53: 40: 28: 27: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9387: 9386: 9385: 9380: 9372: 9370: 9362: 9357: 9349: 9344: 9336: 9331: 9323: 9321: 9313: 9310:Observation.org 9308: 9300: 9298: 9290: 9285: 9277: 9272: 9264: 9259: 9251: 9246: 9238: 9233: 9225: 9220: 9212: 9207: 9199: 9194: 9186: 9181: 9173: 9168: 9160: 9155: 9147: 9142: 9134: 9129: 9121: 9116: 9108: 9103: 9095: 9090: 9082: 9080: 9072: 9067: 9059: 9054: 9046: 9044: 9036: 9034: 9025: 9024: 9019: 9006: 8998: 8993: 8985: 8983: 8975: 8970: 8962: 8960: 8952: 8947: 8939: 8934: 8926: 8921: 8913: 8908: 8900: 8895: 8887: 8885: 8877: 8872: 8864: 8861:Observation.org 8859: 8851: 8846: 8838: 8836: 8828: 8823: 8815: 8810: 8802: 8797: 8789: 8788:MichiganFlora: 8787: 8779: 8774: 8766: 8761: 8753: 8748: 8740: 8735: 8727: 8722: 8714: 8709: 8701: 8696: 8688: 8683: 8675: 8670: 8662: 8657: 8649: 8644: 8636: 8631: 8623: 8621: 8613: 8608: 8600: 8598: 8590: 8588: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8564: 8563: 8558: 8545: 8535: 8530: 8512: 8450: 8441:Tomato hornworm 8406: 8402:Tomato seed oil 8350: 8289:Stewed tomatoes 8254:Pa amb tomàquet 8249:Galayet bandora 8207: 8178:Super Sweet 100 8118:Mortgage Lifter 8048:Cherokee purple 7971: 7935: 7930: 7886: 7846:Current Biology 7828: 7826:Further reading 7823: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7715:New Phytologist 7707: 7703: 7660: 7656: 7627: 7623: 7604: 7600: 7569:(11): 1521–50. 7555: 7551: 7506: 7502: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7416: 7399: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7365: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7348:on 5 April 2013 7336: 7335: 7331: 7323: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7266: 7255: 7249: 7245: 7224:(14): 5776–80. 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7097: 7093: 7085: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7066: 7031:Disease-a-Month 7019: 7015: 7005: 7003: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6945:Wayback Machine 6936: 6932: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6902: 6898: 6885: 6884: 6877: 6861: 6860: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6812: 6808: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6760: 6756: 6751:on 6 July 2010. 6748: 6709: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6670: 6666: 6659: 6643: 6636: 6609:Crop Protection 6597: 6593: 6558: 6554: 6525: 6521: 6498: 6494: 6483: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6401: 6397: 6391:Wayback Machine 6382: 6378: 6371: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6321: 6319: 6308: 6304: 6245: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6225:on 14 June 2012 6215: 6211: 6171:(10): e109328, 6161: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6142:www.ufseeds.com 6136: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6118:on 11 June 2016 6115: 6104: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6013: 5993: 5989: 5978: 5974: 5968:Wayback Machine 5959: 5955: 5900: 5896: 5843: 5839: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5812:on 13 July 2010 5802: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5779: 5775: 5735: 5731: 5707:10.2307/3558365 5674: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5643:on 6 June 2011. 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5438: 5424: 5420: 5410: 5408: 5400: 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Vol. 4. 5139: 5132: 5091: 5084: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5009: 5005: 4957: 4953: 4949:. tomatonet.org 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4880: 4876: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4842: 4829: 4825: 4816: 4812: 4803: 4799: 4776:10.2307/2399094 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4730: 4726: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4645: 4641: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4577: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482:on 29 May 2009. 4466: 4462: 4455: 4439: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4398: 4389: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4348: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4230: 4195: 4194: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4106: 4099: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4073: 4064:(biggest red), 4058: 4049: 4046: 4037: 4034:heirloom tomato 4030: 4021: 4014: 4002:Rotten Tomatoes 3993:The US city of 3970:Tomatkarnevalen 3898: 3855: 3800: 3747: 3742: 3690: 3677: 3664: 3651: 3638: 3625: 3612: 3599: 3587: 3557: 3544: 3531: 3518: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3485: 3476: 3468: 3459: 3451: 3442: 3434: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3395: 3383: 3354: 3343: 3338: 3319: 3314: 3275: 3270: 3237: 3196: 3178:pa amb tomàquet 3131:, used to make 3067: 3062: 3054:serrano peppers 3032: 2992: 2927: 2925: 2909: 2907: 2891: 2889: 2873: 2871: 2855: 2853: 2837: 2835: 2824: 2822: 2809: 2802: 2792: 2783: 2780: 2771: 2768: 2759: 2756: 2747: 2744: 2689: 2658: 2629:Gordie C. Hanna 2614: 2565: 2530: 2528:Fruit formation 2435: 2397:tomato hornworm 2387:predatory flies 2367:parasitic wasps 2356: 2346: 2333: 2331:Other disorders 2288:red spider mite 2272:cabbage loopers 2244: 2214:beet leafhopper 2103:heirloom plants 2091:heirloom tomato 2061: 2054: 2034: 1960:culinary fruits 1952:flowering plant 1933: 1927: 1908:, and numerous 1894: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1859: 1843: 1832: 1797: 1791: 1725: 1693:GCF_000188115.5 1691: 1677: 1672: 1587:(alongside the 1572: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1475:compound leaves 1433: 1422: 1416: 1413: 1402: 1390: 1379: 1374: 1341: 1318: 1314: 1282: 1278: 1250: 1246: 1218: 1214: 1186: 1182: 1175:George Gershwin 1163:British English 1155: 1125: 1121: 1110: 1080: 1076: 1069: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 992: 949: 923: 900:Charles M. Rick 807: 774: 753: 675: 644:Torre del Gallo 612: 598: 537: 480: 425: 407: 403: 402: 313:Central America 269: 265: 240: 236: 217: 212: 204: 186: 181: 175: 162: 48: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9450: 9440: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9378: 9368: 9355: 9342: 9329: 9319: 9306: 9296: 9283: 9270: 9257: 9244: 9231: 9218: 9205: 9192: 9179: 9166: 9153: 9140: 9127: 9114: 9101: 9088: 9078: 9065: 9052: 9042: 9032: 9016: 9014: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9004: 9000:wfo-0001029216 8991: 8981: 8968: 8958: 8945: 8932: 8919: 8906: 8893: 8883: 8870: 8857: 8844: 8834: 8821: 8808: 8795: 8785: 8772: 8759: 8746: 8733: 8720: 8707: 8694: 8681: 8668: 8655: 8642: 8629: 8619: 8606: 8596: 8586: 8571: 8555: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8493: 8488: 8481: 8480: 8479: 8469: 8464: 8458: 8456: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8417: 8415: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8387:Tomato compote 8384: 8382:Tomato chutney 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8331: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8215: 8213: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8058:Fourth of July 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7929: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7893: 7885: 7884:External links 7882: 7881: 7880: 7836: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7772: 7742: 7721:(1): 184–195. 7701: 7674:(3): 261–275. 7654: 7621: 7598: 7549: 7500: 7441: 7414: 7393: 7359: 7329: 7317: 7305: 7280: 7243: 7204: 7178: 7148: 7122: 7115: 7091: 7064: 7037:(6): 391–402. 7013: 6991: 6979: 6949: 6930: 6912: 6896: 6875: 6832: 6806: 6785: 6774:on 20 May 2016 6754: 6720:(2): 144–157. 6689: 6682: 6664: 6657: 6634: 6615:(11): 1210–3. 6601:Tagetes erecta 6591: 6552: 6519: 6492: 6477: 6438:(4): 396–417. 6418: 6395: 6376: 6369: 6351: 6329: 6302: 6263:Annual Reviews 6236: 6209: 6155: 6129: 6093: 6068: 6043: 6018: 6011: 5987: 5972: 5953: 5894: 5837: 5823: 5796: 5773: 5746:(2): 181–186. 5729: 5668: 5646: 5628: 5598: 5565: 5540: 5511:(4): 2244–54. 5491: 5465: 5443: 5436: 5418: 5393: 5366: 5359: 5319: 5294: 5268: 5245: 5217: 5190:(6): 335–347. 5170: 5163: 5130: 5103:(6): 347–356. 5082: 5029: 5003: 4951: 4939: 4913: 4891: 4874: 4857: 4840: 4823: 4810: 4797: 4750: 4724: 4702: 4684: 4662: 4639: 4626: 4612: 4592: 4571: 4557: 4550: 4530: 4524:978-1477309711 4523: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4460: 4453: 4420: 4387: 4368: 4339: 4313: 4292: 4265: 4228: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4166: 4161: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4074: 4059: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4040: 4038: 4031: 4024: 4013: 4010: 3897: 3894: 3882:fungi such as 3865:P. operculella 3854: 3851: 3809:blood thinners 3799: 3796: 3762: 3761: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3576: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3514: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3481: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3447: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3430: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3404: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3236: 3233: 3195: 3192: 3135:, or pickled. 3085:, a subset of 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3031: 3026: 2991: 2988: 2966: 2965: 2962:United Nations 2952: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2886: 2885: 2882: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2832: 2831: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2738: 2688: 2685: 2657: 2654: 2613: 2610: 2564: 2561: 2529: 2526: 2434: 2431: 2345: 2342: 2332: 2329: 2243: 2240: 2220:Bacterial wilt 2199: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2163: 2153: 2140: 2128: 2053: 2050: 2033: 2030: 2026:Tariff of 1883 1926: 1923: 1896: 1895: 1846: 1844: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1793:Main article: 1790: 1787: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1755:Protein-coding 1751: 1750: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1689: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1664:somatic fusion 1571: 1570:Classification 1568: 1561:paste tomatoes 1435: 1434: 1393: 1391: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1177:'s 1937 song " 1165:). The word's 1068: 1065: 991: 988: 922: 919: 838:South Carolina 834:William Salmon 806: 803: 752: 749: 691:barber-surgeon 674: 671: 611: 608: 597: 594: 586:southeast Asia 536: 533: 479: 476: 424: 421: 366:ingredient or 219: 218: 216: 215: 207: 205:(L. H. Karst.) 198: 195: 194: 188: 187: 182: 171: 170: 164: 163: 156: 154: 150: 149: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 105: 104: 99: 92: 91: 86: 79: 78: 73: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 42: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9449: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9375: 9369: 9365: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9320: 9316: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9297: 9293: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9075: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9028: 9022: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9009: 9001: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8982: 8978: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8959: 8955: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8884: 8880: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8835: 8831: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8620: 8616: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8582: 8576: 8572: 8567: 8561: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8539: 8527: 8519: 8518: 8515: 8509: 8508:Tomato slicer 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8497:Nix v. Hedden 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8426:Fusarium wilt 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8409: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8353: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8299:Tomato bredie 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8234:Caprese salad 8232: 8230: 8229:Canned tomato 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8183:Three Sisters 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8023:Blaby Special 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7922: 7920: 7915: 7913: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7877: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7829: 7817: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7792:(3): 333–40. 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7705: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7649: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7520:(5): 457–85. 7519: 7515: 7511: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7445: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7397: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7326: 7321: 7314: 7309: 7290: 7284: 7265: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7118: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7095: 7084: 7077: 7071: 7069: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7017: 7001: 6995: 6988: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6934: 6926: 6922: 6916: 6910:, August 2014 6909: 6905: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6871: 6865: 6856: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6758: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6693: 6685: 6683:9781597142946 6679: 6675: 6668: 6660: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6641: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6572:(3): 307–20. 6571: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6547: 6542: 6539:(5): 489–93. 6538: 6534: 6530: 6523: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6496: 6488: 6481: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6380: 6372: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6339: 6333: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6241: 6224: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6114: 6110: 6103: 6097: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6077:Nix v. Hedden 6072: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6014: 6012:9781946135872 6008: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5991: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5957: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5890: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5833: 5827: 5811: 5807: 5800: 5784: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5672: 5656: 5650: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5505:Plant Physiol 5502: 5495: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5453: 5447: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5422: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5166: 5164:9781118061015 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5137: 5135: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5097: 5089: 5087: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5033: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4955: 4948: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4820: 4814: 4807: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4754: 4739: 4738:The Collector 4735: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4666: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4636: 4630: 4615: 4613:9781441904713 4609: 4605: 4604: 4596: 4589: 4588:0-231-15206-X 4585: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4534: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4464: 4456: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4344: 4327: 4320: 4318: 4302: 4296: 4280: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4253: 4251: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4144:Tomato effect 4142: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4098: 4087: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3890:model species 3887: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3871:of the leaf. 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3795: 3793: 3792:micronutrient 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3768:carbohydrates 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3498: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3480: 3472: 3465: 3463: 3455: 3448: 3446: 3441:Riboflavin (B 3438: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3393:beta-Carotene 3390: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3292: 3291:Dietary fiber 3288: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3267:Carbohydrates 3262: 3258: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3179: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3139:is sold as a 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3110:glutamic acid 3107: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3076: 3071: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3042:salmonellosis 3039: 3038: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2984:United States 2981: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2935: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2917: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2898:United States 2888: 2887: 2883: 2881: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2863: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2845: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2778: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2706: 2702: 2699:boat ride at 2698: 2693: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2638:introduced a 2637: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2577: 2569: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2447: 2439: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2226:, 2019 found 2225: 2221: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2087: 2080: 2076: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2016:Nix v. Hedden 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1892: 1889: 1881: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1847:This section 1845: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1730: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597:Philip Miller 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1443:Tomato flower 1441: 1431: 1428: 1420: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1394:This section 1392: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1369: 1365: 1312: 1306: 1274: 1242: 1210: 1181:" ("You like 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1149: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1104: 1074: 1067:Pronunciation 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1042:specific name 1035: 1033:pronunciation 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 996: 987: 985: 979: 975: 973: 969: 966: 962: 956: 953: 943: 935: 927: 918: 916: 912: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 868: 864: 862: 858: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 823: 819: 815: 811: 805:United States 802: 800: 796: 795:Turkish salad 792: 791:Shirazi salad 788: 787:Israeli salad 784: 780: 770: 766: 757: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 725: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 700: 696: 692: 688: 679: 670: 668: 665: 660: 659: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 629: 625: 621: 616: 607: 604: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 567: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 544:Hernán Cortés 542: 532: 530: 525: 521: 516: 512: 507: 501: 495: 493: 489: 485: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448: 439: 438: 433: 429: 416: 412: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 371: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 305:South America 302: 301: 297:of the plant 296: 290: 261: 234: 225: 211: 208: 203: 200: 199: 196: 193: 189: 185: 180: 178: 172: 169: 168:Binomial name 165: 161: 160: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 143: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 113: 110: 107: 106: 103: 100: 97: 94: 93: 90: 87: 84: 81: 80: 77: 76:Tracheophytes 74: 71: 68: 67: 64: 61: 58: 57: 52: 47: 43: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 9338:tro-29602513 9011: 8902:tro-29605838 8550: 8503:Tomato knife 8495: 8483: 8397:Tomato paste 8329:Tomato sauce 8304:Tomato juice 8128:Paul Robeson 8063:Garden Peach 7940:Tomato types 7932: 7849: 7845: 7832: 7789: 7785: 7775: 7763:. Retrieved 7759:the original 7745: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7638: 7635:EFSA Journal 7634: 7624: 7616:the original 7611: 7601: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7517: 7513: 7503: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7432:. Retrieved 7404: 7396: 7384:. Retrieved 7375: 7362: 7350:. Retrieved 7346:the original 7341: 7338:"Vegetables" 7332: 7320: 7308: 7296:. Retrieved 7283: 7271:. Retrieved 7264:the original 7259: 7246: 7221: 7217: 7207: 7195:. Retrieved 7191:the original 7181: 7169:. Retrieved 7165:the original 7160: 7151: 7139:. Retrieved 7135:the original 7125: 7101: 7094: 7083:the original 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7004:. Retrieved 6994: 6982: 6970:. Retrieved 6961: 6952: 6933: 6924: 6915: 6907: 6899: 6891:the original 6864:cite journal 6845: 6841: 6835: 6823:. Retrieved 6819: 6809: 6798: 6788: 6776:. 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In 1768, 1549:botanically 1487:chlorophyll 1479:potato leaf 1377:Description 1277:and I like 1245:/ You like 1213:and I like 965:carotenoids 911:dry-farming 765:John Barker 751:Middle East 735:, and as a 699:plagiarized 693:. Gerard's 687:John Gerard 667:plum tomato 664:San Marzano 624:plum tomato 620:San Marzano 582:Philippines 478:Mesoamerica 456:Mesoamerica 379:greenhouses 356:botanically 89:Angiosperms 9391:Categories 9333:Plant List 9081:Calflora: 8984:WisFlora: 8897:Plant List 8477:Flavr Savr 8392:Tomato jam 8355:Condiments 8259:Panzanella 8224:Bruschetta 8088:Jersey Boy 8053:Early Girl 8033:Brandywine 8028:Black Krim 8013:Better Boy 7298:27 October 7171:27 October 6533:Nematology 6265:: 81–100. 5914:(1): 898. 5816:27 October 5789:21 October 5411:27 October 5386:27 October 4902:. 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top 8411:Pest and 8362:Capuliato 8188:Tigerella 8168:Santorini 8078:Hillbilly 8043:Celebrity 7947:Beefsteak 7477:2079-7737 6825:18 August 6778:14 August 6297:219621296 6281:0066-4227 5930:1471-2164 5621:3 January 5374:Peet, M. 4883:Tomatoes. 4784:0026-6493 4635:The Times 4258:1 January 4169:Tomatillo 3981:, in 1993 3876:symbiosis 3869:mesophyll 3784:vitamin C 3658:Potassium 3632:Manganese 3619:Magnesium 3551:Vitamin K 3538:Vitamin E 3525:Vitamin C 3508:Folate (B 3492:Vitamin B 3458:Niacin (B 3235:Nutrition 3229:by drying 3158:and many 3091:vegetable 2823:(Millions 2819:Producer 2732:golf ball 2645:FlavrSavr 2634:In 1994, 2581:Andalusia 2486:cultivars 2427:nematodes 2411:asparagus 2236:resistant 2232:selecting 2210:curly top 2171:nematodes 2046:NPK ratio 2042:cultivars 1976:cucumbers 1849:does not 1688:genome ID 1645:, making 1617:tautonyms 1574:In 1753, 1449:decumbent 1002:The word 990:Etymology 952:phenotype 578:Caribbean 511:tomatillo 368:side dish 364:vegetable 153:Species: 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