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cites examples of its use – to describe young men given to drinking, gambling, and riotous living – in the US, Australia and
Britain throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and into the 21st. In British usage a "Tom and Jerry shop" was a 19th-century term for a small tavern or alehouse – "especially
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judged it favourably: "It is replete with wit and bustle; and while it abounds with laughable incident, it affords an excellent moral, by exhibiting the ill effects of dissipation and bad company drunkenness, quarrelling and duelling."
273:, the play's combination of a tour of London interspersed with song and dance, gave rise to numerous similar, loosely constructed entertainments, and "planted the seeds for later musical comedy and revue".
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in London; it was played continuously until 30 March 1822. It was revived on 7 October 1822 and ran until 4 January 1823. The piece contained numerous songs, with new words fitted to familiar tunes such as
265:. One of these adaptations was by Egan – author of the original book – but it was Moncrieff's version that became popular throughout Britain and, later, in the US, where it was first played at the
193:, a caricature of a well-known street performer; the real Waters found his income devastated as a result of the portrayal of beggars making an easy and lucrative living.
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261:– on 28 October 1822 and ran until 4 January 1823. The success of the piece led to imitations, and during 1822 ten theatres in and around London were playing
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or, The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry
Hawthorn, Esq. and his Elegant Friend Corinthian Tom in their Rambles and Sprees through the Metropolis
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is evidently unconnected with Egan's heroes: the names of the feline and rodent protagonists were chosen from suggestions by hundreds of
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After the publication of Egan's book and the various theatrical adaptations, the term "Tom and Jerry" entered the
English language. The
100:. There being little copyright protection at that time, several theatre proprietors hastened to present their own versions of the book.
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one regarded as disreputable". In
American usage the phrase "Tom and Jerry" came to be applied from at latest the 1840s to
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Moncrieff wrote in his introduction to the published text of the play that some puritanical religious figures denounced
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250:, was called on to suppress the piece, but he came to see it one night and returned the next, bringing his Duchess.
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The play depicts the adventures and misadventures of two young men in London, encountering both high- and low-life.
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from the pulpit, and the less liberal elements of the press complained of its immorality. The official censor, the
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as the simple Jerry and John Baker as the bustling Tom. It was well received by an audience that included the
257:, which ran from 6 January to 22 March 1823. The Olympic version was revived – this time under the title of
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Life in London, or Day and Night Scenes of Tom and Jerry in their
Rambles and Sprees through the Metropolis
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In 1821 a popular book was published, at first in monthly instalments beginning in
January, with the title
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Hitherto, the record for London's longest-running stage work had been held for nearly a century by
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in a supporting part. This version achieved the distinction of being the first stage work to have
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in three acts. The
Cruikshank brothers designed the costumes and scenery;
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and other celebrities, and ran until 5 January of the following year.
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and
Watkins Burroughs starred in the title roles, with the comedian
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employees in a competition before the series was launched in 1940.
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The
Adelphi's version was immediately followed by a sequel, called
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Painting by the
Cruikshanks for the book on which the play is based
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44:, first staged in 1821 was one of several stage adaptations of
481:, Oxford University Press, 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2021
457:, Oxford University Press, 1888. Retrieved 7 August 2021
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Stage adaptation by William Moncrieff of Pierce Egan's
596:(fifth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons.
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112:in September 1821, arranged by W. Barrymore, as
611:Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase and Fable
146:The most successful version was written by
108:The first stage adaptation was produced at
207:Advertisement for Adelphi production, 1821
116:. It was followed by a version adapted by
576:Tom and Jerry: Or, Life In London In 1820
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219:Watkins Burroughs as Jerry, Adelphi, 1821
479:The Oxford Companion to American Theatre
473:Bordman, Gerald, and Thomas S. Hischak.
255:Green in France, or Tom and Jerry's Tour
189:. Among the characters in the piece was
124:, on 12 November 1821, similarly titled
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455:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
183:" and "Zitti, Zitti—Piano, Piano" from
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271:Oxford Companion to American Theatre
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360:"The History of Tom and Jerry",
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66:become the first play to have a
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300:. The use of the names for the
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579:. London: Thomas Hailes Lacy.
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24:Tom and Jerry (disambiguation)
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312:Notes, references and sources
302:popular cartoon cat and mouse
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461:UK public library membership
424:Moncrieff, pp. 13, 20 and 52
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177:Over the Hills and Far Away
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592:Parker, John, ed. (1925).
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231:Cast of Adelphi production
118:Charles Dibdin the younger
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573:Moncrieff, W. T. (1826).
507:Oxford English Dictionary
395:"The Mirror of Fashion",
288:Oxford English Dictionary
172:a run of 100 performances
594:Who's Who in the Theatre
556:(1869). "Introduction".
415:, 13 November 1821, p. 3
399:, 21 September 1821, p 3
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512:Oxford University Press
483:(subscription required)
128:. This version starred
643:19th century in London
364:, 27 March 1870, p. 11
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609:Room, Adrian (2000).
397:The Morning Chronicle
186:The Barber of Seville
34:
88:. It was written by
22:For other uses, see
613:. London: Cassell.
554:Hotten, John Camden
510:(Online ed.).
411:"Olympic Theatre",
18:Life in London, ...
560:. London: Hotten.
332:The Beggar's Opera
294:an alcoholic drink
181:Carnival of Venice
134:Duke of Wellington
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638:1821 plays
632:Categories
585:2138577344
566:1157997103
529:required.)
343:References
77:Background
463:required)
154:, at the
602:10013159
581:ProQuest
517:7 August
160:Burletta
60:West End
547:Sources
362:The Era
298:egg nog
120:at the
58:in the
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435:Quoted
246:, the
98:George
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317:Notes
615:ISBN
598:OCLC
562:OCLC
519:2021
62:saw
306:MGM
179:","
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26:.
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