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355: services. The sculptural group consists of over 100 cast-bronze sculptures placed throughout platforms and stairways, and is one of the most popular public artworks in the subway system. It took over 10 years to complete, and includes figures of a woman toting a nearly life-size subway token under her arm; a well-dressed fare jumper crawling under a metal gate; a homeless woman being rousted by the police; and two figures holding a cross-cut saw to cut into an I-beam that holds up a stairway.
241:
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318:, was commissioned in 1986 and installed in 1992. The sculpture ensemble is meant to represent the world outside the playground, "a broad social allegory on art and life, where the games of power and control are played out in miniature … an imaginative park with things to touch and stories to invent." A familiar installation to New Yorkers is 2000's
564:, who criticized Otterness for the killing. Since then, Otterness has attracted criticism and protests for the 1977 film, apologized for his behavior, and lost a number of commissions from the continuing criticism. Otterness's studio released a statement blaming his "anger at and the world" for the film.
473:
is embedded in the tiers of a fountain. Notably, it is one of his most intentionally thematic public artworks; Otterness's bronze figures are a series of vignettes to illustrate "the progression and evolution of knowledge and education, from early literacy to higher education," as they advance up the
643:. Citing the unity brought about by the city's development, the mayor said, "...the artist's past behavior in this instance has created a level of division in the community that is simply not acceptable. Our feeling is that it is in the best interest of the city to discontinue the contract process."
551:
was inserted by an unknown person into the repeating programming cue on
Manhattan Cable TV instead of the normal cartoon programming for children. It was also shown on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day, 1978, and caused an instant outcry, leading to calls to prosecute Otterness. The film has continued
607:
disavowed any involvement with the project, noting the donation of sculptures commissioned by a private donor had not been solicited by the NYPL. Following the
Battery Park City Authority's rejections, in 2011, there was renewed controversy over the film, with animal rights groups protesting the
543:
Yeah, I mean that whole night on 42nd Street, as best as I could do it, was the most aggressive way I could think of to show a film, the most damaging thing that I could do to the audience by showing a film. I hired a photographer with a camera so when people were leaving the theater, they were
646:
In
September 2014, freelance artist Andrew Tider added three illegal sculptures to the "Life Underground" groupings in the subway station. They imitated the Otterness style, a blend of whimsy and biting commentary on corruption and greed, depicting a man pointing a gun at a dog, and a distant
153:
His style is often described as cartoonish and cheerful, but also political. His sculptures allude to sex, class, money and race. These sculptures depict, among other things, huge pennies, pudgy characters in business suits with moneybag heads, helmeted workers holding giant tools, and an
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Thirty years ago when I was 25 years old, I made a film in which I shot a dog. It was an indefensible act that I am deeply sorry for. Many of us have experienced profound emotional turmoil and despair. Few have made the mistake I made. I hope people can find it in their hearts to forgive
441:, Manhattan. The project was sponsored by the City of New York Parks and Recreation Department, the Broadway Mall Association, and Marlborough Gallery, and traveled to three other cities—Indianapolis, Beverly Hills, and
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533:
The Dog Shot film … about fucking someone... getting fucked by someone. That's what the fight films are about too. Running over someone; defeating someone; being defeated. They're the same thing those two
525:
premiered at a Times Square screening room in early 1978, the film being shown in a loop, and viewers were flash-photographed when they left. The film was the only entry that was not accepted in the
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The artist and critic Gary
Indiana recalled the dog incident in an article in New York Magazine in 2004 about the New Museum's "East Village USA" show. Mr. Otterness was included in the exhibition.
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show. White-collar workers, blue-collar workers, cops, radicals, captains of industry were displayed on four bronze picnic tables in the MoMA sculpture garden. The show traveled to the
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article which dismissed it as "a seemingly uncharacteristic gesture that he has since declined to discuss." It was brought back into the public conscience in 2004 by journalist
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noted, "Mr. Otterness worked hard to find creative ways to place his sculpture, navigating around the rules of stations design." There is also a smaller installation, titled
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517:, chained it to a stake, and filmed his hand shooting it dead. This was followed by four fight films, where Otterness, an amateur boxer, filmed his own
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272:. "I thought "Oh, this is public art… This is something that everyone can afford and take home." The next year he made a series of small plaster
639:
decided against purchasing a $ 500,000 train sculpture from
Otterness for the city's West Haymarket development, after residents objected to
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is a collection of his iconic whimsical bronze figures representing faculty and students interacting with pieces of the natural sandstone at
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when they awarded the contract. The mayor of San
Francisco put the project on hold, calling the film "deeply disturbing." In October 2013,
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terminated one of two contracts they had with
Otterness. He had been awarded a $ 750,000 contract in September 2011 for a piece in the new
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Otterness's later installations increasingly responded to and interacted with their physical and natural sites and environments. His 1999
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Known primarily as a public artist, Otterness has exhibited across the United States and internationally, including New York City,
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You said earlier that when you showed Dog Shot Film at the screening room at 42nd Street that you wanted to hurt the viewers.
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121:. Otterness's works adorn parks, plazas, subway stations, libraries, courthouses and museums around the world, notably in
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814:, 1978 (NEA application document authored by Coleen Fitzgibbon, Andrea Callard and Ulli Rimkus) Andrea Callard Papers,
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595:, rejected Otterness's lion sculptures for the area's new public library, after the sculptures were approved by 5-1 by
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in Los
Angeles, California. Otterness subsequently received Federal Courthouse commissions in Portland, Oregon (
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445:. The Grand Rapids exhibition featured more than 40 works across two miles of the city's downtown area and at
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in New York for the 1979 holiday season. His inspiration was the plaster replicas of Jesus and Elvis and
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MTA's Arts for
Transit Website Entry About Tom Otterness' "Life Underground" Sculptures of 2001
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Whitney Museum video interview with Tom
Otterness on the "Life Underground" subway sculptures
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Colab Takes a Piece, History Takes It Back: Collectivity and New York Alternative Spaces
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His independent punk films featured real-life aggression and violence, most notoriously
1547:"Tom Otterness, Who Once Shot A Dog For Art, Mocked With New Guerilla Subway Sculpture"
791:
Vol.66, No. 1, Spring 2007, College Art Association, New York, pp. 60–74 (Article
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project; the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency stated they were unaware of
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1348:"Wichita State still plans to install piece made by artist who shot dog 30 years ago"
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1421:"Opinion | Tom Otterness, dog killer: Cute sculptures disguise artist's cruel past"
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crawling out from under a sewer cover. His aesthetic can be seen as a riff on
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station. He contributed a balloon (a giant upside-down Humpty Dumpty) to the
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983:"Punk Art Catalogue - Section III: X Magazine, Colab, Downtown Filmmakers"
173:, The Hague, Munich, Paris, Valencia and Venice. His studio is located in
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tiers of a fountain specially designed for the installation by architect
201:(Collaborative Projects) from its inception in 1977, and was involved in
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punk art period, and he has won prizes for his tai chi in the school of
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1482:"Sculptor who killed dog set to make San Francisco Central Subway art"
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was briefly mentioned as having "provoked a small scandal " in a 1997
1079:"Tom Otterness: Public Art and the Civic Ideal in the Postmodern Age"
954:"Tom Otterness: Public Art and the Civic Ideal in the Postmodern Age"
841:"Tom Otterness: Public Art and the Civic Ideal in the Postmodern Age"
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Tom Otterness: Public Art and the Civic Ideal in the Postmodern Age
663:. Some early boxing fights in the 1970s were filmed as part of his
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1281:"One Brief, Scuzzy Moment: Memories of the East Village Art Scene"
529:, due to its offensive nature. Otterness described it as follows:
1113:"Public Art in the Los Angeles Civic Center and Los Angeles Mall"
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78:
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177:. Otterness controversially shot a dog for a short film titled
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Many of Otterness's public works are found in New York City.
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88:
1528:"Controversy kills 'Train Set' sculpture for West Haymarket"
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selection of Otterness for a major sculpture project at the
942:"The AI Interview: Tom Otterness," ArtInfo, October 2, 2006
99:
1622:, Metropolitan Transportation Authority; January 13, 2010
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1390:"Tom Otterness Statue Nixed Over 1977 Puppy Snuff Flick"
1370:"Artist Apologizes for Decades-old Dog-Killing Incident"
908:
Sheets, Hilarie M., "Creeping Cats & Fish in Hats",
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Early installations in New York City and around the U.S.
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Daily News, May 3, 1996, "Otterness enjoying his art",
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to haunt Otterness, engendering continued controversy.
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in 1973. He was an active member of the artists' group
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Western Washington University - Public Art Collection
1129:
Goldberg, Ira. "Speaking with Tom Otterness", Linea:
502:(with John Ahearn), filming an amateur boxing match.
1440:"MAG receives protests, complaints over artist hire"
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The Downtown Book: The New York Art Scene, 1974–1984
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The Downtown Book: The New York Art Scene, 1974–1984
193:
in 1970 and at the Independent Study Program of the
1505:"S.F. subway sculpture on hold over artist misdeed"
1459:"Dog-killer artist loses SF contract, keeps second"
513:, where he adopted a dog from an animal shelter in
1303:
718:Dinero: The Story of a Lower East Side Art Gallery
1667:
1255:"ART; Public Sculpture the Public Likes. Really"
1252:
1143:Paoli, Lauryn; Ford, Sarah (November 10, 2016).
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925:"National Academicians. Otterness, Tom, NA 1994"
363:(1996), in the East River off the west shore of
1174:""Matriculated Nature" (2007) by Tom Otterness"
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260:. He sold small, plaster figures for $ 4.99 at
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1131:Journal of the Art Students League of New York
490:comprised a number of short films; on Colab's
370:One of Otterness's earliest public art works,
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1221:Golden Gloves boxing at Madison Square Garden
500:Golden Gloves boxing at Madison Square Garden
452:
1043:Subway Art: New York's Underground Treasures
963:
774:, Collaborative Projects exhibition review,
735:The Downtown Scene", When It Was Still Dirty
447:Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park
146:. In 1994 he was elected as a member of the
1437:
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1096:"Train to the Museum? You're Already There"
431:From September 20, 2004 to March 18, 2005,
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887:"Two Major Collections Land at Christie's"
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1480:Sabatini, Joshua (September 16, 2011).
1306:"The Dog-Killing Woes of Tom Otterness"
1278:
1253:Cembalest, Robin (September 21, 1997).
1023:Wicked World of Human and Beastly Folly
671:. He lives with the American filmmaker
1676:Art Students League of New York alumni
1668:
1457:Sabatini, Joshua (November 17, 2011).
1438:Silverstein, Jason (October 6, 2011).
1372:. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Archived from
1304:Miller, Michael H. (October 4, 2011).
1226:
1062:"Access to Art with a Metrocard Swipe"
1019:Brenson, Michael (November 23, 1990).
767:, University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
498:, filming rats at a Chinese deli, and
400:In 1987, Otterness exhibited his work
117:who is one of America's most prolific
1525:
1503:Lee, Stephanie (September 17, 2011).
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902:
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361:The Marriage of Money and Real Estate
765:Alternative Art, New York, 1965-1985
388:, 1999) and Minneapolis, Minnesota (
1615:"Life Underground" by Tom Otterness
1502:
1354:. Associated Press. March 25, 2007.
1243:, "Artfile: ‘Shot Dog Film’", p. 11
1172:Williamson, K. M. (June 22, 2020).
1145:"Feats of Strength - Tom Otterness"
720:, Collaborative Projects, NY, 1985.
298:. He began showing with New York's
13:
1706:20th-century American male artists
1691:National Academy of Design members
1545:Carlson, Jen (September 5, 2014).
1279:Indiana, Gary (December 6, 2004).
1162:
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727:, Princeton University Press, 2006
686:
236:Another view of the same sculpture
212:
14:
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1388:Johnston, Garth (July 10, 2011).
876:" The Battery Park City Authority
384:, 1997), Sacramento, California (
378:Edward R. Roybal Federal Building
1629:
1608:
1526:Hicks, Nancy (October 5, 2013).
847:. International Sculpture Center
650:
469:, California), Otterness's 2007
376:, was installed in 1991 for the
268:sculptures in botanica shops in
252:sculptor during his period with
248:Otterness began his career as a
1711:21st-century American sculptors
1701:20th-century American sculptors
1696:Sculptors from New York (state)
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981:Miller, Marc H. (25 May 2018).
544:assaulted by a flash, attacked.
486:Otterness's work with Colab in
191:Art Students League of New York
1419:Panero, James (May 11, 2011).
1368:Frost, Mary (April 14, 2008).
993:
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839:Carducci, Vince (April 2005).
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244:Herring Eater, The Netherlands
195:Whitney Museum of American Art
144:Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
1:
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697:Princeton Architectural Press
621:San Francisco Arts Commission
463:Western Washington University
16:American sculptor (born 1952)
892:, Friday, September 23, 2005
404:at the Museum of Modern Art
205:, notably exhibiting in the
7:
1582:"Archived Competition News"
1178:Public Art in Public Places
597:Manhattan Community Board 1
589:Battery Park City Authority
465:. In a more urban setting (
326:14th Street – Eighth Avenue
137:14th Street – Eighth Avenue
113:(born 1952) is an American
10:
1732:
1327:"Millie turns 5 years old"
693:Inside the Artist's Studio
453:21st Century installations
410:IVAM Centre Julio Gonzalez
1651:Battery Park City Website
1607:
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755:Slouching Toward Avenue D
434:Tom Otterness on Broadway
189:Otterness studied at the
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37:
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1716:Filmed deaths of animals
1085:24 (April 2005): pg 31 ]
913:105 (April 2006): 127-29
679:in New York City and in
655:Otterness has practiced
300:Brooke Alexander Gallery
209:in Washington DC, 1978.
960:24 (April 2005): 28-33]
816:The Downtown Collection
713:and Marc Miller (eds),
614:University of Rochester
605:New York Public Library
148:National Academy Museum
125:'s Rockefeller Park in
1486:San Francisco Examiner
1463:San Francisco Examiner
1352:Lawrence Journal-World
1009:24 (April 2005): 28-33
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546:
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443:Grand Rapids, Michigan
245:
237:
229:
223:Beelden aan Zee Museum
1586:www.williamccchen.com
1293:on February 13, 2007.
1198:Colab 78-80 (1978-80)
1133:10 (spring 2007): 4-7
1117:www.publicartinla.com
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537:
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482:Films and controversy
283:The Times Square Show
243:
235:
220:
1638:at Wikimedia Commons
1532:Lincoln Journal Star
806:Princeton University
610:Memorial Art Gallery
576:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
488:independent punk art
426:Haags Gemeentemuseum
258:The Real Estate Show
1425:New York Daily News
1333:. November 6, 2013.
1241:, February 29, 1980
1102:, January 21, 2007
1051:. October 18, 2004.
471:Matriculated Nature
221:A sculpture in the
207:Punk Art Exhibition
1259:The New York Times
1066:The New York Times
1029:The New York Times
890:The New York Times
872:2013-07-27 at the
845:Sculpture Magazine
780:, January 6, 1984.
777:The New York Times
743:, January 13, 2006
740:The New York Times
669:William C. C. Chen
619:Also in 2011, the
599:under Chairperson
587:in June 2011, the
439:Washington Heights
416:, Spain; Portikus/
357:The New York Times
246:
238:
230:
160:capitalist realism
1634:Media related to
1626:
1625:
1400:on March 22, 2019
1202:Rats in Chinatown
1094:David W. Dunlap,
1041:"Adler, Margot: "
1021:"Tom Otterness's
999:Carducci, Vince.
952:Carducci, Vince.
818:, Fales Library,
723:Carlo McCormick,
673:Coleen Fitzgibbon
633:Lincoln, Nebraska
496:Rats in Chinatown
494:, these included
459:Feats of Strength
422:Frankfurt am Main
418:Senckenbergmuseum
349:, and
324:, located in the
316:Battery Park City
175:Gowanus, Brooklyn
127:Battery Park City
108:
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1644:Official website
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867:"The Real World"
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578:, April 14, 2008
527:Punk Art Catalog
515:Golden, Colorado
365:Roosevelt Island
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321:Life Underground
132:Life Underground
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798:Carlo McCormick
751:Walter Robinson
747:Carlo McCormick
689:
687:Further reading
677:Lower East Side
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574:Tom Otterness,
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542:
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398:
350:
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331:station on the
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280:'s famous 1980
274:proto monuments
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213:Public artworks
203:punk visual art
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140:New York Subway
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52:Wichita, Kansas
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1560:
1557:on 2014-10-22.
1537:
1518:
1515:on 2011-09-17.
1495:
1492:on 2011-09-18.
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1469:on 2012-10-16.
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1376:on 2008-06-26.
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1216:All Color News
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1100:New York Times
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783:David Little,
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772:Up With People
770:Grace Glueck,
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759:Art in America
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705:978-1616893040
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681:Utica, Montana
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625:Central Subway
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558:New York Times
492:All Color News
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454:
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428:in The Hague.
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789:Art Journal
647:bystander.
601:Julie Menin
396:Exhibitions
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1670:Categories
1509:SFgate.com
1239:The Breeze
827:References
716:ABC No Rio
661:boxing bag
402:The Tables
329:NYC Subway
288:Kiki Smith
250:public art
1551:Gothamist
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