202:
57:
470:. The uninhabited islands of Tiran and Sanafir gained strategic importance since they controlled all shipping to Eilat, Israel's only access to the Red Sea. In May 1948, Egypt blocked passage through the Suez Canal to Israeli-registered ships and to ships (Israeli or otherwise) carrying cargo to and from all Israeli ports. Since all land trade routes were blocked by other Arab states, Israel's ability to trade with East Africa and Asia, mainly to import oil from the Persian Gulf, was severely hampered.
588:
157:
517:): "Egypt did not seek at any time to claim that the sovereignty of the two islands has been transferred to it. Rather Egypt sought only to take over defending the two islands." Shortly thereafter Tiran Island was captured by Israeli Defence Forces troops during the Six-Day War. In January 1968, the US government stood behind a failed attempt to induce Israeli withdrawal from that island as an opening move to a larger peace process.
41:
1895:
64:
194:
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have presented historical documents in support of Egypt’s ownership of the islands, both historically and geographically, before the court. The court confirmed Egypt's sovereignty over the two islands and stated that the government failed to provide evidence that the islands belonged to Saudi Arabia.
478:
Taking into consideration certain velleities which have manifested themselves recently on the part of Israel authorities on behalf of the
Islands of Tiran and Sanafir in the Red Sea at the entrance of the Gulf of Aqaba, the Government of Egypt acting in full accord with the Government of Saudi Arabia
473:
In
December 1949 Egypt started to erect military installations on Tiran, Sanafir and the Sinai coast opposite the islands to control the straits. Soon after, the Egyptian Government officially denied an intention to interfere with peaceful navigation, communicating its accord with Saudi Arabia to the
487:
In doing this Egypt wanted simply to confirm its right (as well as every possible right of
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) in regard to the mentioned islands which by their geographical position are at least 3 nautical miles off the Egyptian side of Sinai and 4 miles approximately off the opposite side of
559:
On 14 June 2017, Egypt's House
Committee on Defence and National Security unanimously approved the transfer of Tiran and Sanafir islands to Saudi Arabia and the plan was passed by the Egyptian Parliament later the same day. On Wednesday 21 June 2017, Egypt’s top court temporarily halted all court
531:
The agreement by Egypt to hand over the islands of Tiran and
Sanafir to Saudi Arabia required the approval of Israel to modify the military annex to the peace treaty. Israel was notified in writing about the transfer weeks before it was made public, and gave its approval in writing to Egypt and,
444:, according to Egypt's representative at the 659th UN Security Council meeting on 15 February 1954. In the same meeting, Egypt's representative considered Tiran and Sanafir islands an integral part of the territory of Egypt since they have been under Egypt's administration since 1906.
1354:
422:"Egypt and Saudi Arabia clarified their sovereignty claims to the islands in 1954, when Egypt informed the UN Security Council that the two islands had been Egyptian territory since the delimitation of the frontier between Egypt and the
501:
According to a 2016 statement by the
Egyptian Cabinet Information and Decision Support Centre, the Egyptian Chief Delegate to the UN had denied any territorial claims on the islands in May 1967, after the then Egyptian President
497:
As Saudi media explained in 2016, Saudi King Abdel Aziz al-Saud granted Egypt permission to defend the islands since he was afraid of possible
Israeli expansion while his kingdom lacked a suitable naval force to protect them.
413:
The reference by
Procopius to an autonomous Jewish community on the island of Iotabe until the 6th century figured in Israeli rhetoric during the Suez crisis and during and immediately after the Six-Day War.
1345:
564:
of Egypt ratified the agreement that cedes sovereignty over the two Red Sea islands, Tiran and
Sanafir, to Saudi Arabia. On 14 July 2022, Israel agreed to the deal between Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
369:
retook it 25 years later, granting its inhabitants autonomy, subject to payment of taxes on goods exported to India. Around 534, the
Byzantines had to retake it again from a group whom
1038:
727:
376:
The earliest and latest dates mentioned in relation to Iotabe are given in relation to the participation of bishops of the island in the church councils: Macarius in the
292:
Tiran Island is of strategic significance in the area, as it forms the narrowest section of the Straits of Tiran, which is an important sea passage to the major ports of
453:
1401:
361:), which was an important toll station for shipping in the area, but other islands in the Gulf of Aqaba have been proposed as alternative identifications. In 473, a
1182:
Essam, Bacem A.; Aref, Mostafa M.; Fouad, Fayrouz (2018). "When folkloric geopolitical concerns prompt a conspiratorial ideation: the case of Egyptian tweeters".
1140:"Sailing through the Straits: The Meaning for Israel of Restored Saudi Sovereignty over Tiran and Sanafir Islands - Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies"
246:, was ceded officially to Saudi Arabia as part of a maritime border agreement between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The agreement was subsequently approved by the
1319:
281:. The Straits of Tiran are Israel's only access from the Gulf of Aqaba to the Red Sea, and Egypt's blockade of the Straits of Tiran on 22 May 1967 was the
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1939:
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1944:
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1949:
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and again from 1967 to 1982 following the Six-Day War. The island is inhabited only by military personnel from Egypt and the
1446:
1118:
560:
verdicts on the agreement to transfer the two Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia. Finally, on Saturday 24 June 2017, President
373:
called an unholy race, and whom some scholars suppose to have been the Jewish inhabitants who had refused to pay the taxes.
829:
806:
707:
674:
650:
430:
1929:
551:
However, an Egyptian court issued a final ruling, rejecting the transfer of the islands to Saudi Arabia after a team of
395:
There is no mention of Iotabe in accounts of the Islamic conquests, suggesting that by then the island was uninhabited.
107:
1162:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XX, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1967–68 - Office of the Historian"
1073:
1015:
901:
742:
Tiran Island and Straits of Tiran: Unexplained Sovereignty over an Island in the Context of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
541:
483:
In the same accord, Egypt claimed its right to the islands as well as possible right for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
313:
56:
1789:
1934:
1812:
440:, the Egyptian forces on Tiran and Sanafir islands were part of the contingent of Egyptian troops protecting the
1039:"2 Aide-memoire from Egypt to the United States regarding Passage through the Straits of Tiran- 28 January 1950"
316:(MFO). Chisholm Point is a cape of Tiran Island. Some sources report that many beaches on the island are mined.
1471:
537:
521:
818:
795:
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201:
991:
979:
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signed by Egypt and Israel. The treaty includes a guarantee of freedom of Israeli shipping through the
389:
278:
766:
479:
has given orders to occupy effectively these two islands. This occupation is now an accomplished fact.
1464:
1432:
1161:
855:
753:
545:
1346:"An Egyptian court has blocked the controversial transfer of two Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia"
488:
Saudi Arabia, all this in order to forestall any attempt on or possible violation of its rights.
329:
891:
1676:
1438:
712:. U_ukZhiBzykC&pg=PA122&dq=Yotvat+island#v=onepage&q=Yotvat%20island&f=false.
520:
Tiran remained under Israeli control until its return to Egypt in 1982 in fulfillment of the
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8:
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1119:"State Information Services Egyptian Cabinet: Tiran and Sanafir are two Saudi islands"
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In March 1949, Israeli forces took control of the area around the coastal village of
385:
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277:. It has an area of about 80 square kilometres (31 square miles). It was part of the
1416:"Israel approves Red Sea islands deal, paving the way for Saudi normalization steps"
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606:
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266:
205:
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1246:"Egypt Informed Israel in Advance of Plan to Hand Over Red Sea Islands to Saudis"
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1007:
Understanding the Volatile and Dangerous Middle East: A Comprehensive Analysis
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1616:
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122:
109:
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1869:
1847:
1842:
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named Amorkesos captured the island and appropriated the revenues, but the
235:
162:
1781:
544:(MFO) forces on the island. Israel also agreed to the construction of the
1505:
1320:"Egyptian court rejects plan to transfer Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia"
548:
between the Egyptian and Saudi mainlands which would pass through Tiran.
514:
510:
407:
309:
286:
282:
675:"Yotvat Island, Egypt - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates"
1711:
1681:
1666:
1626:
1606:
1591:
441:
1376:"Egypt's parliament approves Red Sea islands transfer to Saudi Arabia"
1691:
1686:
1651:
992:
https://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/index.asp?symbol=S/PV.659&Lang=E
980:
https://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/index.asp?symbol=S/PV.659&Lang=E
350:
509:
the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping (which was considered as a
1696:
1631:
1611:
1601:
1530:
728:"Egypt's Sisi ratifies deal ceding Red Sea islands to Saudi Arabia"
540:'s terms as regards the island and the continued stationing of the
1402:"Egypt's top court temporarily halts decisions on Red Sea islands"
893:
The Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel Under International Law
40:
1824:
1736:
1726:
1582:
1510:
362:
270:
95:
754:
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/tiran-island.htm
380:
in 451 (in whose acts the diocese is listed as belonging to the
1646:
552:
474:
UK and the US on 30 January and 28 February 1950 respectively:
305:
297:
1218:"Israel says it gave written consent to Saudi island transfer"
398:
Since it is no longer a residential bishopric, Iotabe, in its
1515:
463:
399:
301:
293:
239:
193:
454:
Israeli passage through the Suez Canal and Straits of Tiran
208:
and SUPBATT soldiers prepare to leave Tiran Island in 2004.
1244:
Ravid, Barak; Khoury, Jack; Cohen, Gili (11 April 2016).
702:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 122.
402:
form called Iotapa in Palaestina, is today listed by the
722:
720:
1097:"Why Egyptians' anger at island handover is misplaced"
1368:
717:
583:
532:
indirectly, to Saudi Arabia. Saudi Foreign Minister
242:. Sovereignty of the two Red Sea islands, Tiran and
433:the islands had not belonged to Egypt before 1949.
308:. Israel briefly took over Tiran Island during the
1344:
536:publicly stated that his country would honour the
1295:"Lawyers, MPs say Tiran and Sanafir are Egyptian"
1271:"Lawyers, MPs say Tiran and Sanafir are Egyptian"
1911:
1243:
1065:The Middle Eastern States and the Law of the Sea
1486:
1181:
1797:
1472:
265:The island is located at the entrance of the
78:off the Southeastern coast of Sinai Peninsula
994:Security council 659th meeting records p. 25
982:Security council 659th meeting records p. 10
889:
821:Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century
28:
1811:
1804:
1790:
1479:
1465:
1394:
1317:
798:From Provincia Arabia to Palaestina Tertia
417:
492:
238:island that was formerly administered by
697:
200:
192:
1940:Important Bird Areas of Red Sea islands
1311:
857:Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae
1912:
941:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
791:
789:
787:
1785:
1460:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1003:
960:"FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION- INTRODUCTION"
954:
952:
744:(Saarbrücken: Akademikerverlag, 2013)
431:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel
1945:Important Bird Areas of Saudi Arabia
1894:
1318:Michaelson, Ruth (16 January 2017).
197:The Strait of Tiran and Tiran Island
63:
1950:Uninhabited islands of Saudi Arabia
1433:Observation Post 3-11, Tiran Island
784:
756:Observation Post 3-11, Tiran Island
220:
76:Tiran Island in the Strait of Tiran
29:
13:
1900:Islands of Saudi Arabia at commons
1052:
949:
759:
447:
324:The island has been designated an
14:
1961:
1439:BirdLife Factsheet - Tiran Island
1426:
872:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
576:would pass through Tiran Island.
542:Multinational Force and Observers
314:Multinational Force and Observers
1893:
1062:Hakim, Ali A. (1 January 1979).
1004:Carol, Steven (25 August 2015).
586:
155:
62:
55:
45:Map of Tiran and Sanafir Islands
39:
1408:
1357:from the original on 2022-06-21
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1111:
1089:
1068:. Manchester University Press.
1031:
997:
985:
973:
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883:
863:
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835:
823:, Volume 1 (Dumbarton Oaks 1995
812:
773:. BirdLife International. 2024
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734:
691:
667:
643:
619:
390:synod held at Jerusalem in 536
319:
1:
1920:Catholic titular sees in Asia
627:"Jezîret Tīrān: Saudi Arabia"
349:Tiran may be the island that
332:because it supports breeding
1925:Egypt–Saudi Arabia relations
567:
260:
7:
860:, Leipzig 1931, p. 454
579:
10:
1966:
1930:Former disputed land areas
1541:Ras Muhammad National Park
513:by Israel to initiate the
451:
429:However, according to the
339:
279:Ras Muhammad National Park
1891:
1868:
1823:
1735:
1580:
1554:
1495:
1196:10.1007/s10708-018-9854-7
1085:– via Google Books.
1027:– via Google Books.
538:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
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344:
187:
183:
175:
170:
151:
146:
138:
101:
91:
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50:
38:
24:
870:Annuario Pontificio 2013
698:Shindler, Colin (2013).
612:
250:and finally ratified by
418:20th and 21st centuries
388:), and Anastasius in a
1935:Islands of the Red Sea
1555:Sinai's nearby islands
854:Pius Bonifacius Gams,
651:"Jazīrat Tīrān: Egypt"
493:Sovereignty agrteement
490:
481:
330:BirdLife International
209:
198:
16:Island in Saudi Arabia
1677:Berenice Troglodytica
890:Howard Grief (2008).
485:
476:
404:Roman Catholic Church
255:Abd el-Fattah el-Sisi
204:
196:
1435:, GlobalSecurity.org
1259:– via Haaretz.
1250:The Associated Press
896:. pp. 233–234.
574:Saudi-Egypt Causeway
562:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
546:Saudi–Egypt Causeway
378:Council of Chalcedon
269:, which connect the
1223:The Times of Israel
843:History of the Wars
796:Walter David Ward,
740:Robert Priewasser,
594:Saudi Arabia portal
504:Gamal Abd al-Nasser
326:Important Bird Area
248:Egyptian Parliament
119: /
21:
1449:2018-08-14 at the
771:BirdLife Data Zone
679:Geographical Names
655:Geographical Names
631:Geographical Names
353:called Iotabe (in
285:for Israel in the
210:
199:
19:
1907:
1906:
1779:
1778:
1771:Abu Minqar Island
878:978-88-209-9070-1
522:1979 peace treaty
386:Palaestina Tertia
371:Choricius of Gaza
257:on 24 June 2017.
191:
190:
123:27.950°N 34.550°E
1957:
1897:
1896:
1806:
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1792:
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1751:St.John's Island
1572:Pharaoh's Island
1546:Straits of Tiran
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920:. Archived from
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1581:On the Western
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1498:Sinai Peninsula
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1489:Red Sea Riviera
1485:
1451:Wayback Machine
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1418:. 14 July 2022.
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1567:Sanafir Island
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1453:, Tourist info
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1427:External links
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1353:. 2017-01-17.
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834:
819:Irfan Shahîd,
811:
809:), pp. 162–168
800:(ProQuest 2008
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767:"Tiran island"
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468:Operation Uvda
452:Main article:
449:
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424:Ottoman Empire
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228:Jazīrat Tīrān
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26:Native name:
23:
1898:
1870:Persian Gulf
1854:
1817:Saudi Arabia
1766:Green Island
1761:Rocky Island
1722:Gubal Strait
1562:Tiran Island
1561:
1444:Tiran Island
1410:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1379:
1370:
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1339:
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1324:The Guardian
1323:
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171:Demographics
163:Saudi Arabia
153:
70:Tiran Island
20:Tiran Island
1687:Alshalateen
1662:Port Ghalib
1487:Resorts in
1190:: 121–133.
841:Procopius,
515:Six-Day War
511:casus belli
408:titular see
320:Environment
310:Suez Crisis
287:Six-Day War
283:casus belli
221:جزيرة ثيران
179:Uninhabited
126: /
102:Coordinates
30:جزيرة ثيران
1914:Categories
1717:Wadi Gimal
1712:Gabal Elba
1667:Marsa Alam
1657:Coraya Bay
1627:Makadi Bay
1607:Ras Gharib
1597:Gamsha Bay
1592:Ain Sokhna
1361:2017-01-20
1329:17 January
1304:2017-01-20
1280:2017-01-20
1184:GeoJournal
928:2016-06-21
777:2024-09-08
684:2011-03-04
660:2011-03-04
636:2011-03-04
442:Suez Canal
426:in 1906."
176:Population
1692:Ras Banas
1642:Shoni Bay
1204:158696604
880:), p. 911
832:), p. 184
700:A History
568:Transport
351:Procopius
328:(IBA) by
261:Geography
252:President
87:Geography
1702:Abu Shar
1697:Foul Bay
1637:Abu Soma
1632:Soma Bay
1622:Serrenia
1612:Hurghada
1602:El Gouna
1531:Ras Sedr
1526:Nabq Bay
1447:Archived
1355:Archived
937:cite web
580:See also
230:), and
92:Location
1860:Sanafir
1838:Farasan
1825:Red Sea
1813:Islands
1739:islands
1737:Red Sea
1727:Tarabin
1707:Abu Tig
1682:Hala'ib
1583:Red Sea
1511:Nuweiba
1496:On the
1386:16 June
1380:Reuters
1299:مدى مصر
1275:مدى مصر
1255:21 June
1229:21 June
1167:21 June
1146:21 June
1124:21 June
1103:21 June
1081:21 June
1044:21 June
1023:21 June
965:21 June
845:I.xix.4
553:lawyers
436:During
363:Saracen
340:History
273:to the
271:Red Sea
244:Sanafir
234:, is a
114:34°33′E
111:27°57′N
96:Red Sea
1883:Tarout
1672:Hamata
1652:Quseir
1647:Safaga
1382:. 2017
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359:Ἰωτάβη
345:Iotabe
306:Israel
298:Jordan
217:Arabic
206:USBATT
160:
1878:Arabi
1855:Tiran
1843:Sajid
1585:shore
1516:Dahab
1200:S2CID
613:Notes
464:Eilat
406:as a
400:Latin
355:Greek
302:Eilat
294:Aqaba
240:Egypt
213:Tiran
1848:Saso
1506:Taba
1388:2017
1331:2017
1257:2016
1231:2016
1169:2016
1148:2016
1126:2016
1105:2016
1083:2016
1070:ISBN
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