1274:
982:
56:
1304:
1345:
1208:
104:
1030:
148:
have helped to sustain the variety. The vine favors cooler climates and can add finesse and complexity to a wine blend.
170:
1364:
292:
218:
198:
267:
145:
581:
748:
1338:
1234:
1239:
1159:
1126:
955:
1369:
1249:
1139:
17:
1331:
1244:
1023:
965:
894:
786:
387:
370:
165:
1134:
507:
343:
997:
920:
365:
935:
704:
348:
586:
338:
8:
1164:
1116:
1016:
260:
1319:
566:
1154:
659:
110:
1108:
1055:
639:
377:
214:
194:
576:
899:
826:
689:
591:
1254:
1075:
992:
778:
606:
541:
484:
447:
327:
141:
122:
140:
despite the high quality of wine that it can produce. Improvements in bilateral
1315:
1144:
1093:
1047:
904:
876:
851:
772:
761:
756:
654:
621:
437:
415:
382:
358:
253:
78:
1149:
1358:
1273:
1174:
1083:
981:
889:
884:
561:
353:
133:
125:
960:
551:
489:
479:
432:
129:
97:
709:
1311:
1278:
1229:
1192:
986:
841:
831:
729:
494:
425:
284:
611:
1182:
1098:
1088:
1039:
945:
940:
925:
861:
856:
821:
719:
714:
674:
601:
546:
536:
518:
474:
462:
452:
410:
236:
226:
137:
531:
1060:
950:
930:
866:
846:
836:
796:
734:
616:
556:
457:
302:
806:
801:
791:
684:
664:
631:
596:
442:
405:
317:
312:
297:
526:
1259:
1065:
816:
669:
644:
571:
307:
55:
420:
1224:
1187:
811:
699:
694:
132:
region since the sixteenth century. The vine produces very low
1303:
1008:
724:
679:
649:
39:
276:
232:
245:
1356:
183:
1339:
1024:
261:
203:
156:Spanish synonyms include Castellana Negra.
1346:
1332:
1031:
1017:
268:
254:
54:
231:
1209:Clarification and stabilization of wine
14:
1357:
1012:
249:
230:
128:that has been grown primarily in the
1298:
24:
171:List of Portuguese grape varieties
25:
1381:
293:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
211:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
1302:
1272:
980:
213:pg 335 Dorling Kindersley 2005
146:University of California, Davis
1038:
13:
1:
1235:Glossary of viticulture terms
193:pg 216 Mitchell Beazley 1986
176:
1318:. You can help Knowledge by
1240:Glossary of winemaking terms
7:
159:
151:
10:
1386:
1297:
1160:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
136:which has led it close to
1268:
1250:History of the wine press
1217:
1201:
1173:
1140:Sparkling wine production
1125:
1107:
1074:
1046:
974:
913:
875:
770:
747:
630:
517:
505:
398:
326:
283:
243:
191:Vines, Grapes & Wines
103:
93:
85:
73:
65:
53:
37:
32:
1365:Red wine grape varieties
1245:Wine tasting descriptors
966:Wine tasting descriptors
895:Phenolic content in wine
787:Alternative wine closure
371:Great French Wine Blight
275:
166:List of Port wine grapes
1135:Malolactic fermentation
1314:–related article is a
936:Wine and food pairing
587:Muscat of Alexandria
1165:Yeast in winemaking
1117:Carbonic maceration
144:and experiments at
66:Color of berry skin
1155:Traditional method
956:Wine personalities
660:Cabernet Sauvignon
1327:
1326:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1056:Late harvest wine
1006:
1005:
743:
742:
640:Alicante Bouschet
388:Judgment of Paris
116:
115:
16:(Redirected from
1377:
1370:Wine grape stubs
1348:
1341:
1334:
1306:
1299:
1277:
1276:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1009:
985:
984:
900:Proteins in wine
567:Grüner Veltliner
515:
514:
270:
263:
256:
247:
246:
228:
227:
221:
207:
201:
187:
89:Castellana Negra
58:
47:
42:
30:
29:
27:Variety of grape
21:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:Wine portal
1271:
1264:
1255:History of wine
1213:
1197:
1169:
1121:
1103:
1084:Deacidification
1070:
1042:
1037:
1007:
1002:
987:Wine portal
979:
970:
909:
871:
776:
766:
739:
626:
607:Sauvignon blanc
542:Cayetana blanca
510:
508:grape varieties
501:
394:
322:
279:
274:
239:
225:
224:
208:
204:
188:
184:
179:
162:
154:
142:cordon training
123:Portuguese wine
61:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1307:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Sugars in wine
1142:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:Chaptalization
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
975:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
921:Classification
917:
915:
911:
910:
908:
907:
905:Sugars in wine
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
879:
877:Wine chemistry
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
852:Wine dispenser
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
781:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
753:
751:
745:
744:
741:
740:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
655:Cabernet Franc
652:
647:
642:
636:
634:
628:
627:
625:
624:
622:Welschriesling
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
577:Müller-Thurgau
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
521:
512:
503:
502:
500:
499:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
468:
467:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
402:
400:
396:
395:
393:
392:
391:
390:
380:
375:
374:
373:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Ancient Greece
341:
332:
330:
324:
323:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
287:
281:
280:
273:
272:
265:
258:
250:
244:
241:
240:
223:
222:
202:
181:
180:
178:
175:
174:
173:
168:
161:
158:
153:
150:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:Vitis vinifera
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
60:Tinta Cão leaf
59:
51:
50:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1382:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:
983:
977:
976:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
912:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:Acids in wine
888:
886:
885:Aroma of wine
883:
882:
880:
878:
874:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
782:
780:
774:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
752:
750:
749:Major regions
746:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:Montepulciano
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
635:
633:
629:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
522:
520:
516:
513:
509:
504:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
470:
469:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
401:
397:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
372:
369:
368:
367:
364:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
334:
333:
331:
329:
325:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
248:
242:
238:
234:
229:
220:
219:0-7566-1324-8
216:
212:
209:T. Stevenson
206:
200:
199:1-85732-999-6
196:
192:
186:
182:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
157:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:grape variety
124:
120:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1320:expanding it
1309:
1294:
1270:
1127:Fermentation
978:
961:Wine tasting
582:Muscat blanc
552:Chenin blanc
349:Ancient Rome
210:
205:
190:
189:J. Robinson
185:
155:
118:
117:
77:
44:
1230:Wine bottle
1202:Other steps
1193:Wine cellar
1150:Süssreserve
842:Wine cellar
832:Wine bottle
773:accessories
771:Packaging,
730:Tempranillo
359:Noah's wine
339:Phoenicians
285:Viticulture
86:Also called
1359:Categories
1312:wine grape
1109:Maceration
1099:Wine press
1089:Destemming
1040:Winemaking
946:Wine fraud
941:Wine fault
926:Oenophilia
862:Wine label
857:Wine glass
822:Port tongs
720:Sangiovese
715:Pinot noir
675:Douce noir
602:Rkatsiteli
547:Chardonnay
537:Catarratto
511:by acreage
485:Biodynamic
448:Aromatized
237:winemaking
177:References
138:extinction
1061:Noble rot
951:Winemaker
931:Sommelier
867:Wine rack
847:Wine cork
837:Wine cave
827:Screw cap
797:Corkscrew
762:New World
757:Old World
735:Zinfandel
710:Mourvèdre
617:Trebbiano
557:Colombard
458:Noble rot
438:Fortified
416:Sparkling
383:New World
121:is a red
119:Tinta Cão
33:Tinta Cão
18:Tinta Cao
1076:Pressing
998:Glossary
914:Industry
807:Jug wine
802:Decanter
792:Box wine
690:Isabella
685:Grenache
665:Carignan
612:Sémillon
597:Riesling
592:Palomino
335:Ancient
318:Vineyard
313:Veraison
298:Oenology
160:See also
152:Synonyms
1260:Terroir
1218:Related
1066:Vintage
1048:Harvest
993:Outline
817:Muselet
779:storage
670:Cinsaut
645:Barbera
572:Macabeo
532:Aligoté
490:Organic
480:Natural
433:Dessert
378:Georgia
328:History
308:Terroir
303:Species
74:Species
1225:Winery
1188:Solera
812:Kvevri
700:Merlot
695:Malbec
495:Kosher
471:Other
426:Orange
399:Styles
366:France
217:
197:
134:yields
107:number
94:Origin
1310:This
1175:Aging
725:Syrah
680:Gamay
650:Bobal
562:Glera
527:Airén
519:White
475:Table
463:Straw
453:Fruit
411:White
354:China
233:Wines
130:Douro
111:12500
98:Douro
46:Vitis
40:Grape
1316:stub
777:and
506:Top
421:Rosé
277:Wine
235:and
215:ISBN
195:ISBN
105:VIVC
69:Noir
1183:Oak
632:Red
443:Ice
406:Red
1361::
1347:e
1340:t
1333:v
1322:.
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
775:,
269:e
262:t
255:v
49:)
43:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.