65:, and this commonality of purpose led to the formation of a peace treaty with Rome in 354. Once these threats were removed, Samnium expansion brought them into conflict with Rome's growing influence in central Italy. Samnites were the only ones who possessed nearly equivalent power in Italy as to that of Romans; so that the Roman-Samnite wars determined which would be the leading power in Italy.
74:
allies appealed to Rome for help against the
Samnites, who were pressing against communities in the lower Volturnus River Valley, one of the chief routes from the Samnite highlands to the coastal plains of Southern Latium and Campania. The results is what would later be called the First Samnites War, although it is unclear how much fighting between the Romans and Samnites actually occurred.
73:
In the late 340s and early 330s, Roman armies fought Latins, Volsci, Campanians, and possibly
Samnites, while Campanians and Samnites also conducted wars of their own. These conflicts were marked with shifting alliances that would greatly confuse later Roman writers. At some point, Capua and its
351:
In addition to the gain of territory, some ancient sources suggest that the Romans adopted the manipular military formation of the
Samnites as a result of their early successes. This formation later evolved into a military tactic that would allow the conquering of much of Europe.
348:. The fighting resumed in 316 BC. For the next few years, Roman historians record Samnite invasions of Latium and Campania, but Rome's armies did recover and would then invade Samnium yearly until peace was made in 304 BC.
57:
fought against the
Samnites to the east. During the 4th-century, the Samnites grew to become the strongest group in the central highlands. At first, they had enemies in common with Rome in the
548:
which ignited hostilities. Unable to resist, the
Lucanians sent ambassadors and hostages to Rome to plead for an alliance. The Romans decided to accept the alliance offer and sent
552:
to insist the
Samnites evacuate Lucania, but they refused and the war began. In 295 BC, the Romans defeated Samnites, Umbrians, and Gauls in the
53:
valley. In the 4th century (B.C.), the cities of northern
Campania had rallied around the leadership of the largest city, Capua. These
698:
443:, and forced to sue for peace. In the resulting peace, the Romans gave up their colonies at Fregellae and Cales.
573:
45:. In the mid-4th century B.C. they began to expand into the territories of their neighbours, especially in
614:
The Romans: From
Village to Empire: A History of Rome from Earliest Times to the End of the Western Empire
420:
341:
301:
invaded
Samnium. The Samnites sent envoys to Rome to negotiate, and the peace treaty of 354 was renewed.
167:
693:
540:
According to Livy and
Dionysius of Halicarnassus the war originated with a Samnite attack on the
428:
159:
298:
261:
The Romans were occupied with other matters, and there are no reports of fighting in this year
215:
106:
99:
8:
553:
500:
488:
208:
152:
26:
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557:
455:
496:
385:
612:
Boatwright, Mary T., Daniel J. Gargola, Noel Lenski, and Richard J. A. Talbert.
564:. The Samnites made peace again. This war secured Rome's leadership in Italy.
509:
Liv. 9.22-25; Diod. 19.72.6-7; Fasti Capitolini (Degrassi) 36f., 109f., 418f.
336:
The Second Samnite War broke out in 326 BC over Rome's attempts at colonizing
687:
597:
The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to thee Punic Wars
432:
110:
21:
541:
504:
389:
377:
340:, which the Samnites considered their own. This quickly ended at the
337:
42:
219:
163:
46:
38:
462:. 2-7; Dio fr. 36.10; Oros. 3.15.1-6; Claud. Quad. fr. 18 (Peter)
549:
545:
440:
436:
561:
62:
458:
5.1 ext. 5, 7.2. ext. 17; Gell. 17.21.36; Flor. 1.11.10; App.
345:
58:
50:
162:
was ambushed by the Samnites near the Samnite stronghold of
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in Umbria. In 291, a Roman consul defeated the Samnites at
435:
at the Caudine Forks, a pass in the Apennines between
344:. The Romans gave up their colonies at Fregellae and
535:
166:, but was extricated from a dangerous situation by
331:
41:were a group of hill-tribes occupying the central
25:were an important stage in Roman expansion in the
68:
685:
585:
297:The Romans renewed their attack, and the consul
224:Livy 7.32-33, 37-38; Dionys. Hal. 15.3; Appian,
116:Livy 7.32-33, 37-38; Dionys. Hal. 15.3; Appian,
654:Livy 7.19.4; Diod. 16.45.8; Salmon 1967, 191.
616:, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, 2012.
499:, was defeated and killed by the Samnites at
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406:
367:
362:
357:
317:
281:
245:
193:
137:
89:
84:
79:
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142:. Cambridge U.P. pp. 196, 198–201.
686:
644:. New York: Oxford University Press.
635:
633:
631:
629:
264:Livy 7.38-39; Dion. Hal. 15.3; App.
431:was trapped by the Samnite general
13:
427:A Roman army under the command of
14:
710:
642:The Romans From Village to Empire
626:
588:Magistrates of the Roman Republic
536:Third Samnite War (298 to 290 BC)
479:. Cambridge U.P. pp. 223–33.
172:Livy 7.33, 34-37, 38; Frontinus,
495:Q. Aulius Cerretanus, the Roman
411:. Cambridge U.P. pp. 217–8.
332:Second Samnite War (326-304 BC)
657:
648:
574:List of Roman wars and battles
560:and established the colony of
69:First Samnite War (343-341 BC)
1:
620:
544:. Romans began activities in
526:. Cambridge U.P. p. 000.
354:
322:. Cambridge U.P. p. 000.
286:. Cambridge U.P. p. 000.
250:. Cambridge U.P. p. 196.
198:. Cambridge U.P. p. 196.
76:
32:
7:
699:Battles of the Samnite Wars
590:, Case Western Reserve U.P.
567:
454:. 41; Dion. Hal. 16.1.1-7;
421:Battle of the Caudine Forks
342:Battle of the Caudine Forks
218:defeated the Samnites near
10:
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579:
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256:
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160:A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina
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20:military campaigns of the
640:Boatwright, Mary (2012).
586:T.R.S. Broughton (1951),
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109:routed the Samnites near
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606:Samnium and the Samnites
524:Samnium and the Samnites
477:Samnium and the Samnites
409:Samnium and the Samnites
320:Samnium and the Samnites
284:Samnium and the Samnites
248:Samnium and the Samnites
196:Samnium and the Samnites
140:Samnium and the Samnites
429:Titus Veturius Calvinus
294:341 BC - peace treaty
516:Historical literature:
469:Historical literature:
401:Historical literature:
299:L. Aemilius Mamercinus
100:Battle of Mount Gaurus
595:T.J. Cornell (1995),
503:, a narrow pass near
384:The Romans founded a
311:Historical literature
275:Historical literature
239:Historical literature
187:Historical literature
176:1.5.14; 4.5.9; Auct.
131:Historical literature
665:"Second Samnite War"
604:E.T. Salmon (1967),
522:E.T. Salmon (1967).
475:E.T. Salmon (1967).
407:E.T. Salmon (1967).
318:E.T. Salmon (1967).
282:E.T. Salmon (1967).
246:E.T. Salmon (1967).
194:E.T. Salmon (1967).
138:E.T. Salmon (1967).
554:Battle of Sentinum
489:Battle of Lautulae
216:M. Valerius Corvus
209:Battle of Suessula
153:Battle of Saticula
107:M. Valerius Corvus
533:
532:
446:Livy 9.1-7; Cic.
329:
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214:The Roman consul
158:The Roman consul
105:The Roman consul
27:Italian Peninsula
706:
694:Lists of battles
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608:, Cambridge U.P.
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450:. 3. 109; Cic.
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111:Mount Gaurus
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22:Samnite Wars
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599:, Routledge
304:Livy 8.1-2
688:Categories
674:2015-12-14
621:References
33:Background
558:Aquilonia
542:Lucanians
505:Tarracina
492:(315 BC)
424:(321 BC)
390:Fregellae
381:(328 BC)
378:Fregellae
338:Fregellae
230:Vir. Ill.
228:1; Auct.
206:343 BC -
178:Vir. Ill.
150:343 BC -
122:Vir. Ill.
120:1; Auct.
97:343 BC -
43:Apennines
568:See also
501:Lautulae
220:Suessula
164:Saticula
49:and the
47:Campania
39:Samnites
580:Sources
562:Venusia
550:fetials
546:Lucania
441:Caudium
437:Calatia
364:Details
258:342 BC
86:Details
55:Campani
386:colony
63:Volsci
394:refs
359:Event
346:Cales
226:Samn.
118:Samn.
81:Event
59:Celts
51:Liris
460:Samn
439:and
268:. 1
266:Samn
61:and
37:The
18:The
452:Sen
448:Off
388:at
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232:26
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180:26
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124:26
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667:.
628:^
29:.
677:.
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