229:(IDAEH) in 1964. The decision to destroy the pyramid was controversial; it was attacked by archaeologist Heinrich Berlin in an article in 1967; Berlin questioned why the pyramid was uncovered if the resources were not available to restore it and observed that the pyramid was in no worse shape than others that had been fully restored. He also attacked the decision to dismantle a pyramid for infill in an area where potential infill material was plentiful. Berlin complained directly to the director of the IDAEH in 1966. The director responded that the destruction was authorised by the institute and that IDAEH supported the actions of the excavators. The excavators published a response to Berlin in which they stood by their original decision and affirmed that much had been learnt from the dismantling of the structure, including construction methods that were probably similar to those used in other Late Classic pyramids and the clarification of the
572:
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27:
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338:, which revealed a mix of local and imported pottery. Among all the Maya pottery was a single non-Maya offering, consisting of a black tripod cylinder vessel that was decorated with Teotihuacan-style imagery. Although the vessel was of pure Teotihuacan style, its lid was of mixed Teotihuacan-Maya form and was probably manufactured locally to fit the foreign import. Other offerings included stone and shell artefacts, including a well-used stone
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250:
204:
new superstructure upon the basal platform, with the addition of new stucco masks and panelling. The walls of the shrine were covered with Early
Classic period graffiti, including both figures and hieroglyphs. The interior of the shrine was thinly coated with soot, some of the graffiti had been etched into the sooty covering, whilst more was discovered carved into the plaster underneath the soot deposit.
216:. A new pyramid was built over this to a height of 33 metres (108 ft), to contain a new, although unidentified, royal burial. Construction was paused for the interment of another elite burial, who was buried in the rubble core of the pyramid. When excavated in 1959 and 1960, the facing of Temple 33-1 was found to be badly damaged by the passing of time and the effects of the covering vegetation.
200:, a 5th-century king of Tikal; it was built directly over his tomb, which was cut into the underlying bedrock. The pyramid underwent three distinct construction phases over the course of two centuries. The three phases of construction were labelled by archaeologists 33-1 (the final version), 33-2 (the intermediate version) and 33-3 (the original Early Classic shrine).
306:
the temple, to the south of the burial of Siyaj Chan K'awiil II. The king appears to have been hastily interred in a tomb that was still being prepared while the burial took place, since plaster from the walls was splashed on some of the grave goods and a flint pick was accidentally left behind by a workman. The body of the king was laid upon a litter painted with
334:. The two sacrificed individuals were a child and an adolescent, with each being placed on opposite sides of the chamber, flanking the dead king. The positioning of the two individuals indicates that they were sacrificed before being placed within the tomb. The deceased were accompanied by 27 ceramic vessels; fragments of five were submitted for
172:. The pyramid was centrally situated in the front row of structures facing onto the Great Plaza, between Temples 32 and 34 and in front of the Northern Platform. Temple 33 is one of the most thoroughly explored temples in the entire Maya area. The earliest version was a low funerary shrine over the tomb of king
269:
influence, with Siyaj Chan K'awiil II adorned with a
Teotihuacan emblem. Yax Nuun Ayiin is sculpted on both sides of the monument, flanking his son upon the front; Yax Nuun Ayiin is depicted as a Teotihuacano warrior. Siyaj Chan K'awiil's father is also depicted hovering above him on the front of the
260:
was entombed above the remains of Siyaj Chan K'awiil II during the third phase of construction, when it was moved to a new resting place within the second phase shrine. The monument consists of the upper two-thirds of the original stela, which was broken prior to being re-erected in its new location.
291:
in a way that paired the altar with the buried Stela 31; this may have maintained a relationship between the two monuments that existed when they were originally on public display. The altar was crafted from limestone and is now in the site museum at Tikal. It has been dated to approximately AD 445.
290:
was buried in the fill of the final version of Temple 33, immediately in front of the second version of the shrine. The altar was badly damaged, having been broken into three pieces, and the majority of a sculpture depicting a seated person was chipped away. The three fragments were buried together
305:
was a royal tomb inserted by destroying the second phase access stairway to the shrine. The individual interred within the tomb has not been identified but the tomb is one of two proposed locations for the burial of the late 7th-century king Nuun Ujol Chaak. The tomb was cut into the bedrock under
224:
Temple 33-1 (the final version) was completely dismantled by archaeologists in order to arrive at the earlier stages of construction. The temple was destroyed in 1965 since the excavators judged that they had not the resources to restore it and they required infill material to cover a large trench
203:
The first phase of construction consisted of a wide basal platform built as a mortuary shrine on top of the tomb. It featured large stucco masks measuring over 3 metres (9.8 ft) high that flanked the access stairway. The second phase took place not long after the first and involved building a
330:. The walls of the rock tomb were painted with hieroglyphs that locate the chamber in the divine otherworld and includes a completion date of March 457, a year after the death of the king. The remains of the king were bundled together in a seated position and lacked the skull, hands, and
225:
that had been opened in the North
Acropolis; the material stripped from Temple 33-1 was judged to be sufficient to fill it and this was an influential consideration when the archaeologists decided upon dismantling the structure. The dismantling operation was approved by the Guatemalan
274:. The rear face of the stela is carved with a lengthy hieroglyphic text that legitimises Siyaj Chan K'awiil's right to rule through his mother's line and the foundation of the new Teotihuacan-linked dynasty; it briefly mentions Siyaj Chan K'awiil's accession, the
366:. The horizontal shaft was sealed with limestone masonry once the king had been interred. The shaft was tunnelled 2.1 metres (7 ft) down below the terrace and the tomb chamber measured 30 by 16 feet (9 by 5 m) (NS by EW), forming a rounded rectangle.
1285:
211:
which lasted from AD 562 to 692. During this time Siyaj Chan K'awiil II's Stela 31 was hauled up into the second phase sanctuary and placed directly above the original tomb in a ceremony involving fire and the breaking of
361:
The tomb was cut via a horizontal shaft accessed through a stairway leading down from the lowest terrace of the North
Acropolis; the walls were coated with stucco, onto which the hieroglyphs were painted as
1192:
Iglesias Ponce de León, María Josefa (2003). "Problematical
Deposits and the Problem of Interaction: The Material Culture of Tikal during the Early Classic Period". In Braswell, Geoffrey E. (ed.).
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is depicted in three places upon the monument. It was sculpted in a deliberately archaic style and copied its form from Stela 29, erected a century and a half earlier. The stela shows strong
1950:
180:
was interred above his tomb. In the mid-1960s, archaeologists completely dismantled the final version of the large pyramid, uncovering the earlier phases of construction.
176:, which was sealed in AD 457. Temple 33 underwent three consecutive phases of construction, during which the king's funerary shrine was remodelled and one of his
1965:
326:
was the tomb of king Siyaj Chan K'awiil II, carved from the bedrock. The tomb was placed upon the central axis of the North
Acropolis and was accompanied by two
1417:
1955:
1428:
1975:
1041:
Braswell, Geoffrey E. (2003). "Dating Early
Classic Interaction between Kaminaljuyu and Central Mexico". In Braswell, Geoffrey E. (ed.).
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1304:. 55–56 (55/56). The President and Fellows of Harvard College acting through the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology: 119–134.
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1985:
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were found in the tomb, including jade discs and hundreds of beads that once formed a semicircular collar, two pairs of
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1566:(1). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: 37–47.
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was an elite status burial inserted into the rubble core of the pyramid during the third phase of construction.
1990:
1432:
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1465:(1). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology: 2–7.
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Stela 31 was dedicated in AD 445 and depicts Siyaj Chan K'awiil II with his symbols of rulership; his father
1169:. The Linda Schele Series in Maya and Pre-Columbian Studies. Austin, Texas, USA: University of Texas Press.
533:
1352:
Rainey, Froelich; Alfred Kidder II; Linton
Satterthwaite; William R. Coe (April 1967). "Reply to Berlin".
557:
1408:
Reents-Budet, Dorie; Ronald L. Bishop; Ellen Bell; T. Patrick
Culbert; Hattula Moholy-Nagy; Hector Neff;
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1418:"Tikal y sus tumbas reales del Clásico Temprano: Nuevos datos químicos de las vasijas de cerámica"
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239:...even granting partial demolition was a wrong decision, the loss to mankind is not too serious.
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271:
161:
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26:
1825:
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1706:
1701:
1300:
O'Neil, Megan E. (Spring–Autumn 2009). "Ancient Maya
Sculptures of Tikal, Seen and Unseen".
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1890:
1452:"The Painted Tomb at Tikal: An important discovery by the Museum's expedition in Guatemala"
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8:
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and a great many more beads in small groups that did not form a part of the collar. Two
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Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya
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1075:(April 1962). "A Summary of Excavation and Research at Tikal, Guatemala: 1956-61".
994:
985:
Berlin , Heinrich (April 1967). "The Destruction of Structure 5D-33-1st at Tikal".
466:
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262:
234:
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893:
Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 35-36. Fitzsimmons 2009, p. 167. Braswell 2003, p. 101.
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ending of 435, the monument's dedication and the death of the king's grandfather
1940:
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1633:
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314:; the corpse was laid out on the pelts and covered in layers of marine shells.
31:
Only the base of Temple 33 now survives, here occupying the centre of the photo
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1360:(2). Washington, D. C., USA: Society for American Archaeology: 242–244.
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1083:(4). Washington, D. C., USA: Society for American Archaeology: 479–507.
993:(2). Washington, D. C., USA: Society for American Archaeology: 241–242.
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1524:
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1503:(2). Washington, D. C., USA: Society for American Archaeology: 244.
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998:
307:
1194:
The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction
1043:
The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction
249:
1230:. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI)
253:
Stela 31 was buried above the tomb of king Siyaj Chan K'awiil II
192:
Giant mask from the west side of the second version of Temple 33
1449:
363:
339:
276:
207:
The third and final phase of development took place during the
1656:
902:
Reents-Budet et al 2004, p. 782. Shook and Kidder 1961, p. 2.
331:
169:
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monument; here he is depicted in fully Maya style as the
237:
contextualized the actions of the excavators by stating "
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1427:(in Spanish). XVII (2003). Guatemala City, Guatemala:
1425:
Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala
1951:
Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century
1225:"Architectural Restoration Criteria in the Maya Area"
1164:
1040:
754:
752:
1299:
707:
Martin and Grube 2000, p. 36. Coe 1967, 1988, p. 46.
670:
1288:. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures
1250:
749:
1550:
1491:
984:
940:
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1966:Demolished buildings and structures in Guatemala
1932:
299:Three burials were identified within Temple 33:
1450:Shook, Edwin M.; Alfred Kidder II (Fall 1961).
1130:
1071:
935:
910:
908:
733:
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1641:
1142:] (in Spanish). Guatemala: Piedra Santa.
596:
152:) was a 33-metre-high (108 ft) ancient
1956:Buildings and structures demolished in 1965
1416:; B. Arroyo; H. Escobedo; H. Mejía (eds.).
905:
728:
131:Number of monuments: 2 Number of temples: 1
1648:
1634:
603:
589:
148:(referred to in archaeological reports as
1429:Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología
1136:Tikal: Guía de las Antiguas Ruinas Mayas
248:
187:
1495:(April 1967). "A Third-Party Comment".
196:Temple 33 was the funerary monument of
183:
1933:
1140:Tikal: Guide to the Ancient Maya Ruins
839:Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 36, 40, 43.
1629:
1223:Larios Villalta, Carlos Rudy (2005).
1976:5th century in the Maya civilization
944:Iglesias Ponce de León 2003, p. 187.
932:Iglesias Ponce de León 2003, p. 188.
358:blades also accompanied the burial.
233:sequence of Tikal. English Mayanist
227:Instituto de Antropología e Historia
1283:
13:
725:Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 36, 40.
667:Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 34, 36.
622:Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 36, 43.
14:
2002:
884:Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 35-36.
821:Martin and Grube 2000, pp. 34-35.
1815:
1302:RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
1167:Death and the Classic Maya Kings
923:Reents-Budet et al 2004, p. 782.
570:
395:
25:
1551:Webster, Helen T. (Fall 1963).
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785:Rainey et al 1967, pp. 243-244.
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1165:Fitzsimmons, James L. (2009).
848:Fitzsimmons 2009, pp. 192-193.
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219:
1:
977:
875:Martin and Grube 2000, p. 35.
812:Martin and Grube 2000, p. 34.
689:Martin and Grube 2000, p. 36.
640:Martin and Grube 2000, p. 43.
1986:Archaeological controversies
971:Shook and Kidder 1961, p. 2.
962:Shook and Kidder 1961, p. 7.
953:Shook and Kidder 1961, p. 6.
914:Shook and Kidder 1961, p. 4.
658:Larios Villalta 2005, p. 69.
534:Spanish conquest of the Maya
244:
7:
336:neutron activation analysis
10:
2007:
1916:
1901:Plaza of the Seven Temples
758:Rainey et al 1967, p. 242.
698:Coe 1967, 1988, pp. 46-48.
649:Coe 1967, 1988, pp. 45–46.
294:
1914:
1874:
1824:
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1431:: 777–793. Archived from
1198:University of Texas Press
1047:University of Texas Press
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1981:Archaeology of Guatemala
1971:5th century in Guatemala
1310:10.1086/RESvn1ms25608839
866:Fitzsimmons 2009, p. 84.
857:Fitzsimmons 2009, p. 74.
377:This article is part of
369:
1612:17.222546°N 89.623507°W
1546:(subscription required)
1403:(subscription required)
1347:(subscription required)
1286:"Siyaj Chan K'awiil II"
1257:. London and New York:
1126:(subscription required)
1036:(subscription required)
16:Dismantled Maya pyramid
1717:Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil II
1196:. Austin, Texas, USA:
1045:. Austin, Texas, USA:
794:Thompson 1967, p. 244.
737:Coe 1967, 1988, p. 46.
631:Coe 1967, 1988, p. 45.
577:Mesoamerica portal
346:. A large quantity of
254:
193:
1991:Pyramids in Guatemala
1807:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II
1692:Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil I
1617:17.222546; -89.623507
525:Classic Maya collapse
252:
198:Siyaj Chan K'awiil II
191:
174:Siyaj Chan K'awiil II
128:Architectural details
97:Excavation dates
1906:Twin-pyramid complex
1877:Architectural Groups
1772:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
1200:. pp. 167–198.
830:O'Neil 2009, p. 127.
776:Berlin 1967, p. 242.
746:Berlin 1967, p. 241.
716:Webster 1963, p. 38.
184:Construction history
120:Architectural styles
1777:Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil
1727:Chak Tok Ichʼaak II
1608: /
1259:Thames & Hudson
1049:. pp. 81–142.
21:
1707:Chak Tok Ichʼaak I
1702:Kʼinich Muwaan Jol
1497:American Antiquity
1354:American Antiquity
1077:American Antiquity
987:American Antiquity
310:and overlain with
255:
194:
136:Responsible body:
123:Early Classic Maya
77:Early Classic
19:
1961:Destroyed temples
1946:Maya architecture
1928:
1927:
1886:Central Acropolis
1792:Nuun Ujol Kʼinich
1787:Yax Nuun Ahiin II
1493:Thompson, J. Eric
1176:978-0-292-71890-6
803:Coe 1962, p. 495.
613:
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388:Maya civilization
342:and accompanying
272:ancestral sun god
143:
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86:Maya civilization
1998:
1921:
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1737:Kaloomteʼ Bahlam
1712:Yax Nuun Ahiin I
1687:Animal Headdress
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263:Yax Nuun Ayiin I
235:J. Eric Thompson
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160:located in the
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1752:Animal Skull
1677:Yax Ehb Xook
1593:
1583:. Retrieved
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1462:
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1440:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1424:
1414:J.P. Laporte
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209:Tikal Hiatus
206:
202:
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149:
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144:
115:Architecture
1722:Kʼan Chitam
1697:Unen Bahlam
1615: /
267:Teotihuacan
220:Destruction
1935:Categories
1917:See also:
1846:Temple III
1782:28th Ruler
1762:24th Ruler
1757:23rd Ruler
1603:89°37′25″W
1600:17°13′21″N
1585:2013-05-08
1560:Expedition
1484:2013-05-06
1459:Expedition
1442:2013-05-06
1292:2013-05-07
1234:2013-05-07
1113:4892259320
978:References
92:Site notes
1920:Maya city
1866:Temple 33
1861:Temple VI
1851:Temple IV
1841:Temple II
1742:Bird Claw
1580:183334723
1572:0014-4738
1541:159733183
1533:754651089
1517:0002-7316
1479:183334723
1471:0014-4738
1398:164128136
1390:754651089
1374:0002-7316
1342:192191980
1334:611056984
1318:0277-1322
1284:Mesoweb.
1185:216941064
1134:(1988) .
1121:222440409
1097:0002-7316
1031:163207109
1023:754651089
1007:0002-7316
553:Guatemala
452:Astronomy
437:Sacrifice
432:Mythology
417:Languages
352:earspools
344:handstone
324:Burial 48
318:Burial 24
303:Burial 23
245:Monuments
166:Maya city
156:funerary
55:Guatemala
1856:Temple V
1836:Temple I
1827:Pyramids
1797:Dark Sun
1412:(2004).
1326:25608839
1277:47358325
1249:(2000).
1216:49936017
1158:21460472
1065:49936017
767:Mesoweb.
492:Medicine
472:Textiles
457:Calendar
427:Religion
379:a series
356:obsidian
308:cinnabar
288:Altar 19
284:in 439.
258:Stela 31
82:Cultures
37:Location
548:Chiapas
543:Yucatán
511:History
502:Warfare
497:Cuisine
422:Writing
412:Society
364:frescos
295:Burials
214:pottery
158:pyramid
74:Periods
66:Founded
61:History
1668:Rulers
1578:
1570:
1539:
1531:
1525:277916
1523:
1515:
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1103:
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1015:277915
1013:
1005:
462:Stelae
442:Cities
407:People
381:on the
340:metate
332:femurs
277:baktun
178:stelae
69:AD 457
47:Region
41:Flores
1941:Tikal
1658:Tikal
1556:(PDF)
1537:S2CID
1521:JSTOR
1455:(PDF)
1436:(PDF)
1421:(PDF)
1394:S2CID
1378:JSTOR
1338:S2CID
1322:JSTOR
1228:(PDF)
1138:[
1117:S2CID
1101:JSTOR
1027:S2CID
1011:JSTOR
558:Petén
487:Dance
482:Music
477:Trade
370:Notes
170:Tikal
150:5D-33
138:IDAEH
1576:OCLC
1568:ISSN
1529:OCLC
1513:ISSN
1475:OCLC
1467:ISSN
1386:OCLC
1370:ISSN
1330:OCLC
1314:ISSN
1273:OCLC
1263:ISBN
1212:OCLC
1202:ISBN
1181:OCLC
1171:ISBN
1154:OCLC
1144:ISBN
1109:OCLC
1093:ISSN
1061:OCLC
1051:ISBN
1019:OCLC
1003:ISSN
154:Maya
100:1965
1505:doi
1362:doi
1306:doi
1085:doi
995:doi
467:Art
168:of
1937::
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