740:
82:
418:
Tie-ins are considered an important part of the revenue-stream for any major media release, and both planning and licensing for such works often begins at the very earliest stages of creating such a property. Tie-ins provide both an important way of generating additional income from a property, and a
106:
or story collections inspired by the property, or republished previously existing books, such as the novels on which a media property was based, with artwork or photographs from the property. According to publishing industry estimates, about one or two percent of the audience of a film will buy its
268:
noted the flourishing market for TV series tie-in novels, coinciding with the increasing cultural significance of quality television series. The increasing number of previously established novelists taking on tie-in works has also been credited with these works gaining a "patina of respectability"
422:
The lineage of tie-in works can be quite convoluted; for example, a novelization might be done of a video game, which was based on a television series, based on a film, based on a comic book which was the original media property. In several cases, a novelization has been released based on a movie
134:
A novelization is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, comic strip or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the invention of home video, but continue to find commercial success as part of marketing
426:
These tie-ins can be considered as forms of "free advertising", as they create more exposure for the media property. Tie-ins need not have a direct association with the property; for example, a particular pizza company can offer coupons that are associated with the
433:
films, but that specific pizza company itself does not necessarily have to appear in the films. By this association, however, the pizza company is exposed to a bigger audience. If a media property does well, the tie-ins gain that positive exposure as well.
111:
film franchises. Although increasingly also a domain of previously established novelists, tie-in writing has the disadvantages, from the writers' point of view, of modest pay, tight deadlines and no ownership in the intellectual property created.
347:. Such poor quality is often due to game developers forced to rush the product in order to meet the film's release date, or due to issues with adapting the original work's plot into an interactive form, such as in the case of the
115:
Tie-in products may also have a documentary or supplemental character, such as "making-of" books documenting the creation of a media property. Tie-in products also include other types of works based on the media property, such as
229:
302:, under pressure to finish the game in time for the film's release. The aim for the publishers is to increase hype and revenue, as the two industries effectively market one another's releases.
605:
423:
which was in turn adapted from an original novel. In such cases, it is not uncommon to see the novelization and a film release of the original novel side by side on the same shelf.
348:
726:
Wasko, Janet, Mark
Phillips, and Chris Purdie. 1993. "Hollywood Meets Madison Avenue: The Commercialization of US Films". Media, Culture & Society 15(2): 271-293.
372:
410:). Novel tie-ins were published less frequently after the 1990s, with developers only taking risks with stories that had already been licensed for films.
562:
382:
781:
135:
campaigns for major films. They are often written by accomplished writers based on an early draft of the film's script and on a tight deadline.
613:
357:
film series, where one reviewer criticised some of the game's missions and side-quests as being unrelated to the film's storyline.
339:
775:
169:
149:
650:
107:
novelization, making these relatively inexpensively produced works a commercially attractive proposition in the case of
469:
143:
Tie-in books are sometimes reprints of novels rebranded to tie in with their film adaptation. As an example, after
703:
333:
186:
may be published featuring the adapted story, as well as other stories from the same author; for example, while
808:
803:
429:
366:
753:
402:
253:
108:
353:
31:
86:
387:
776:
See You in the Funny Pages — Comic books enter the gift market: are pop culture gifts coming of age?
392:
344:
474:
269:
after having previously been disregarded in literary circles as derivative and mere merchandise.
17:
628:
225:
210:
73:
used primarily to generate additional income from that property and to promote its visibility.
675:"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 Video Game Review - PlayStation 3 Review at IGN"
518:
419:
way of satisfying the desires of fans who enthusiastically support a popular media property.
407:
291:
460:
based on popular films of the era. It later adopted a more traditional nonfiction format.
252:
based on the original work; for example, the many books, comics and video games set in an
8:
221:
758:
587:
533:
397:
249:
200:
66:
62:
50:
305:
Film license video games have a reputation for being of poor quality; for example,
195:
69:. Tie-ins are authorized by the owners of the original property, and are a form of
674:
523:
361:
216:
70:
506:
377:
264:
164:
144:
41:
work is a work of fiction or other product based on a media property such as a
744:
337:
being one of the few exceptions. One of the first movie tie-in games, Atari's
797:
786:
528:
457:
295:
278:
183:
448:
187:
175:
129:
99:
482:
307:
299:
739:
284:
117:
90:
54:
46:
331:; that magazine being cynical towards licensed games in general, with
790:
issue 60, December 1990; at The Your
Sinclair the Rock 'n' Roll Years
762:
452:
312:
258:
191:
120:
recordings, video games, or merchandise including toys and clothing.
81:
228:". The official organization linked to writing media tie-ins is the
767:
478:
155:
58:
768:
The Midas
Formula. How to create a billion-dollar movie franchise.
538:
245:
241:
606:"Hollywood and video game industry profit from movie tie-ins"
103:
208:. Similarly, novels were published to tie in with the films
98:
Common tie-in products include literary works, which may be
563:"Popular TV Series and Movies Maintain Relevance as Novels"
287:
are tie-in licences for films, television series or books.
42:
343:(1982) was deemed so bad it was cited as one cause of the
138:
30:
For the meaning of the term in U.S. college football, see
679:
240:
Tie-in works may also tell new stories in the form of
754:
220:, featuring Philip K. Dick's original short stories "
556:
554:
651:"Movie and Game Studios Getting the Total Picture"
588:"Review: Movie Tie-In Games Mostly Disappointing"
551:
230:International Association of Media Tie-In Writers
795:
456:, first published in 1911, originally presented
400:. Action games based on novels are less common (
626:
298:have to work within constraints imposed by the
85:This pannier bag is a tie-in product from the
782:The YS Complete Guide To Film And TV Licences
290:Video game movie tie-ins are expensive for a
204:, which featured the story, was reprinted as
644:
642:
360:Video tie-in licences for novels tend to be
701:
493:Some early examples of TV tie-in books are
639:
206:Apt Pupil: A Novella in Different Seasons
173:was similarly republished to tie in with
163:with the film's poster on the cover. The
667:
648:
413:
182:A tie-in book linked to a film based on
80:
139:Rebranding of previously published work
14:
796:
704:"Why Are Books Never Made Into Games?"
179:, the film loosely based on the book.
598:
560:
235:
373:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
170:Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
561:Alter, Alexandra (4 January 2015).
351:based on the last two films of the
24:
580:
383:I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
25:
820:
733:
437:
327:, all reviewed in June 1994) 36%
248:and other spin-offs, creating an
738:
123:
649:Musgrove, Mike (10 July 2006).
153:was adapted into the 1988 film
720:
695:
620:
272:
102:of a media property, original
13:
1:
743:The dictionary definition of
544:
488:
256:based initially on the first
627:Stuart Campbell (May 1995).
430:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
7:
512:
10:
825:
702:Rich Knight (2007-10-08).
470:The Adventures of Superman
340:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
276:
127:
32:Bids to college bowl games
29:
629:"Ready For Your Close-Up"
485:) was published in 1942.
477:(illustrated by original
463:
388:point-and-click adventure
345:video game industry crash
403:William Shatner's TekWar
315:'s three film licenses (
76:
442:
262:trilogy. In 2015, the
95:
519:Cross media marketing
414:Revenue and structure
150:Nothing Lasts Forever
84:
809:Marketing techniques
804:Works based on works
408:first-person shooter
294:to license, and the
198:, King's collection
773:Meredith Schwartz:
222:The Minority Report
759:Edward Jay Epstein
655:washingtonpost.com
567:The New York Times
495:Leave It to Beaver
334:The Blues Brothers
236:Expanded universes
196:the eponymous film
159:, it was retitled
96:
683:. 8 December 2010
534:Expanded universe
398:graphic adventure
254:expanded universe
250:expanded universe
201:Different Seasons
194:" was adapted to
67:literary property
63:role-playing game
51:television series
16:(Redirected from
816:
742:
727:
724:
718:
717:
715:
714:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
671:
665:
664:
662:
661:
646:
637:
636:
624:
618:
617:
612:. Archived from
602:
596:
595:
584:
578:
577:
575:
573:
558:
503:Beaver and Wally
325:Last Action Hero
21:
824:
823:
819:
818:
817:
815:
814:
813:
794:
793:
736:
731:
730:
725:
721:
712:
710:
700:
696:
686:
684:
673:
672:
668:
659:
657:
647:
640:
625:
621:
604:
603:
599:
586:
585:
581:
571:
569:
559:
552:
547:
524:Media franchise
515:
491:
466:
445:
440:
416:
378:text adventures
362:adventure games
281:
275:
238:
211:Minority Report
141:
132:
126:
79:
71:cross-promotion
35:
28:
27:Work of fiction
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
822:
812:
811:
806:
792:
791:
779:
771:
756:
749:at Wiktionary
735:
734:External links
732:
729:
728:
719:
694:
666:
638:
619:
616:on 2012-11-06.
597:
579:
549:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
514:
511:
507:Beverly Cleary
499:Here's Beaver!
490:
487:
475:George Lowther
465:
462:
444:
441:
439:
438:Early examples
436:
415:
412:
296:game designers
292:game developer
277:Main article:
274:
271:
265:New York Times
237:
234:
165:Philip K. Dick
147:'s 1979 novel
145:Roderick Thorp
140:
137:
128:Main article:
125:
122:
78:
75:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
821:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
789:
788:
787:Your Sinclair
783:
780:
778:
777:
772:
770:
769:
764:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
748:
747:
741:
723:
709:
705:
698:
682:
681:
676:
670:
656:
652:
645:
643:
634:
630:
623:
615:
611:
607:
601:
594:. 2007-06-01.
593:
589:
583:
568:
564:
557:
555:
550:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
529:Merchandising
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
461:
459:
458:short stories
455:
454:
450:
447:The American
435:
432:
431:
424:
420:
411:
409:
405:
404:
399:
395:
394:
389:
385:
384:
379:
375:
374:
369:
368:
363:
358:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
341:
336:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
303:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
280:
279:Licensed game
270:
267:
266:
261:
260:
255:
251:
247:
243:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:short fiction
180:
178:
177:
172:
171:
166:
162:
158:
157:
152:
151:
146:
136:
131:
124:Novelizations
121:
119:
113:
110:
105:
101:
100:novelizations
93:
92:
88:
83:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
785:
774:
766:
745:
737:
722:
711:. Retrieved
707:
697:
685:. Retrieved
678:
669:
658:. Retrieved
654:
632:
622:
614:the original
609:
600:
591:
582:
570:. Retrieved
566:
502:
501:(1961), and
498:
494:
492:
468:
467:
451:
449:fan magazine
446:
428:
425:
421:
417:
401:
396:(1988) is a
391:
386:(1995) is a
381:
371:
365:
359:
354:Harry Potter
352:
338:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
306:
304:
289:
282:
263:
257:
239:
215:
209:
205:
199:
190:'s novella "
188:Stephen King
181:
176:Blade Runner
174:
168:
160:
154:
148:
142:
133:
130:Novelization
114:
97:
89:
38:
36:
708:Blend Games
633:Amiga Power
592:foxnews.com
483:Joe Shuster
393:Neuromancer
370:(1982) and
321:Cliffhanger
308:Amiga Power
300:film studio
285:video games
273:Video games
109:blockbuster
798:Categories
713:2009-03-01
660:2007-11-01
610:Canada.com
572:18 January
545:References
505:(1961) by
489:Television
406:(1995), a
367:The Hobbit
118:soundtrack
91:South Park
55:board game
47:video game
763:Slate.com
453:Photoplay
380:, whilst
313:Psygnosis
311:awarding
259:Star Wars
192:Apt Pupil
87:TV series
513:See also
497:(1960),
479:Superman
329:in total
246:prequels
226:Paycheck
217:Paycheck
161:Die Hard
156:Die Hard
59:web site
539:Toyetic
481:artist
317:Dracula
242:sequels
224:" and "
18:Tie-ins
746:tie-in
464:Comics
167:novel
104:novels
39:tie-in
784:from
687:7 May
349:games
283:Some
77:Types
761:for
689:2012
574:2015
443:Film
390:and
376:are
323:and
214:and
43:film
680:IGN
473:by
65:or
800::
765::
706:.
677:.
653:.
641:^
631:.
608:.
590:.
565:.
553:^
509:.
364:.
319:,
244:,
232:.
61:,
57:,
53:,
49:,
45:,
37:A
716:.
691:.
663:.
635:.
576:.
94:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
