398:
87:
33:
64:
2000:
651:
2375:
2380:
2360:
563:
on Cape St. Elias, Kayak Island, Alaska in 1742, but that specimen is now lost. A specimen collected from Sitka, Alaska has been designated as the
2190:
2229:
1829:
524:) also has trifoliate leaves with petioles, but unlike the typical variety, it has deep lobes more than half the length of the leaflet. The
1239:
2268:
2138:
2395:
2370:
2203:
2151:
1217:
1208:
1690:
1469:
40:
1930:
1183:
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2208:
1765:
2345:
1636:
1585:
1522:
1385:
1334:
979:
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2365:
2234:
2177:
1618:
1567:
1504:
1367:
1316:
961:
71:
2286:
1213:
401:
448:
means "having three leaflets", a characteristic of two of the three recognized varieties. Also known as the
2355:
2130:
1140:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2012:
2004:
1676:
1628:
1577:
1514:
1377:
1326:
1158:
971:
797:
prefers shaded, moist, sometimes dense woods up to 1,900 m (6,234 ft). It ranges from northern
2156:
2017:
1658:
1199:
2281:
1744:
1739:
1624:
1573:
1510:
1373:
1322:
1111:
1106:
1066:
1061:
1024:
1019:
967:
405:
1672:
1479:
1154:
86:
1442:
1407:
1974:
2221:
1270:
2273:
1694:
2195:
2125:
2031:
1892:
690:
571:
1862:
706:
published in 2009. As of
October 2022, the varieties (not the species) are widely recognized:
560:
190:
2247:
2099:
644:
8:
2260:
53:
2317:
1965:
1797:
533:
214:
81:
44:
2350:
2242:
2086:
1926:
1671:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1179:
1153:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1666:
1148:
2322:
2091:
1961:
876:
848:: Alberta, British Columbia; Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
838:: Alberta, British Columbia; Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
614:
509:
438:
397:
1632:
1581:
1518:
1381:
1330:
1173:
975:
537:
472:
434:
124:
2309:
1048:
2255:
2054:
670:
111:
1727:
1090:
1003:
2339:
556:
552:
457:
441:
413:
206:
157:
497:
or palmately 3- to 5-lobed. Cauline leaves are infrequent and much smaller.
2299:
147:
32:
2216:
2164:
587:
475:
1901:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
621:
based on an earlier description of a species thought to belong to genus
489:. The calyx lobes are 1.5–2.5 mm and petals are 3–4 mm. Basal
2143:
1871:
State-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
798:
513:
494:
2169:
2112:
2025:
2294:
2048:
623:
591:
485:
are bell-shaped, white and solitary forming an elongated, leafless
167:
137:
2182:
2117:
1606:
1555:
1492:
1355:
1304:
949:
810:
564:
486:
430:
2104:
1999:
806:
802:
482:
409:
1841:
E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of
British Columbia
586:), including two hand-drawn illustrations in his description.
98:
490:
478:
1178:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 386.
456:, the species is found in shaded, moist woods in western
1665:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1147:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1705:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
911:
909:
907:
1434:
1399:
904:
493:are 15–80 mm long and up to 120 mm wide,
1536:
1043:
1041:
2337:
1722:
1720:
1945:Lakela, Olga (1937). "A monograph of the genus
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1085:
1083:
998:
996:
944:
942:
2376:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
1979:. New York: Wiley & Putnam. pp. 1–711
1903:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1873:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1790:
1777:Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
1038:
2381:Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
1717:
1599:
1548:
1485:
1348:
1297:
1885:
1668:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1165:
1150:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1125:
1080:
993:
939:
551:was first described by the Swedish botanist
1855:
1262:
512:leaves with three leaflets per leaf (i.e.,
1972:
1822:
1758:
1689:
1650:
1475:
643:) were included in a taxonomy proposed by
62:
31:
1683:
1271:"Typification of the Linnaean species of
1609:Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata
1171:
396:
2361:Flora of the Northwestern United States
1558:Tiarella trifoliata var. laciniata
1218:United States Department of Agriculture
1209:Germplasm Resources Information Network
813:. Within this region, the varieties of
702:) in an influential treatment of genus
650:Based on Hooker's species description,
2338:
1944:
1925:. Lone Pine Publishing, 1994, p. 168,
1542:
1440:
1405:
1268:
828:: British Columbia; Oregon, Washington
41:Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
2030:
2029:
1976:Flora of North America, Volume 1
1923:Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast
1703:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
481:that flowers in the late spring. The
1231:
694:recognized the varieties (var.
574:described two additional species of
1656:
1637:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1586:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1523:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1386:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1335:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1192:
1138:
980:Australian National Botanic Gardens
895:). Each variety is secure as well.
13:
1966:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1937.tb09109.x
1237:
14:
2407:
1992:
777:is considered to be a synonym of
2287:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:794902-1
1998:
1973:Torrey, John; Gray, Asa (1840).
1441:Hooker, William Jackson (1840).
1406:Hooker, William Jackson (1840).
1248:Burke Herbarium Image Collection
85:
1938:
1915:
1619:International Plant Names Index
1568:International Plant Names Index
1505:International Plant Names Index
1368:International Plant Names Index
1317:International Plant Names Index
962:International Plant Names Index
882:
788:
2396:Garden plants of North America
2371:Flora of the Klamath Mountains
606:) in their treatment of genus
594:recognized all three species (
463:
1:
2018:Jepson Flora Project (1993):
1921:Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy.
1214:Agricultural Research Service
898:
867:range north to Alaska, while
402:Salmon-Huckleberry Wilderness
875:only ranges as far north as
540:leaves (rarely trifoliate).
7:
2391:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1677:Harvard University Herbaria
1629:Harvard University Herbaria
1578:Harvard University Herbaria
1515:Harvard University Herbaria
1378:Harvard University Herbaria
1327:Harvard University Herbaria
1159:Harvard University Herbaria
972:Harvard University Herbaria
887:The conservation status of
543:
10:
2412:
2346:NatureServe secure species
1745:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1740:Plants of the World Online
1625:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1574:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1511:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1374:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1323:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1250:. University of Washington
1112:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1107:Plants of the World Online
1067:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1062:Plants of the World Online
1025:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1020:Plants of the World Online
968:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
793:In western North America,
578:in western North America (
406:Mount Hood National Forest
16:Species of flowering plant
2038:
1673:Missouri Botanical Garden
1269:Reveal, James L. (1991).
1155:Missouri Botanical Garden
817:have overlapping ranges:
220:
213:
196:
189:
82:Scientific classification
80:
60:
51:
39:
30:
23:
2386:Plants described in 1753
1476:Torrey & Gray (1840)
1172:Gledhill, David (2008).
2366:Flora of Western Canada
1451:Flora Boreali-Americana
1416:Flora Boreali-Americana
500:The typical variety of
1809:The World Flora Online
1675:, St. Louis, MO &
1157:, St. Louis, MO &
691:Flora of North America
669:) in 1896. Similarly,
652:William Efner Wheelock
417:
293:Petalosteira laciniata
1657:Jog, Suneeti (2009).
1139:Jog, Suneeti (2009).
879:in British Columbia.
518:cut-leaved foamflower
427:three-leaf foamflower
400:
338:Petalosteira unifolia
47:, USA (23 June)
2009:at Wikimedia Commons
1495:Tiarella californica
925:NatureServe Explorer
891:is globally secure (
772:Tiarella californica
627:. All four species (
444:. The specific name
378:Tiarella unifoliata
366:Tiarella unifoliata
346:Tiarella trifoliata
301:Tiarella stenopetala
256:Tiarella californica
248:Heuchera californica
2356:Flora of California
2040:Tiarella trifoliata
2020:Tiarella trifoliata
2006:Tiarella trifoliata
1952:in North America".
1895:Tiarella trifoliata
1865:Tiarella trifoliata
1832:Tiarella trifoliata
1800:Tiarella trifoliata
1768:Tiarella trifoliata
1730:Tiarella trifoliata
1697:Tiarella trifoliata
1445:Tiarella unifoliata
1358:Tiarella unifoliata
1242:Tiarella trifoliata
1202:Tiarella trifoliata
1175:The Names of Plants
1143:Tiarella trifoliata
1093:Tiarella trifoliata
1051:Tiarella trifoliata
1006:Tiarella trifoliata
952:Tiarella trifoliata
919:Tiarella trifoliata
889:Tiarella trifoliata
842:Tiarella trifoliata
832:Tiarella trifoliata
822:Tiarella trifoliata
795:Tiarella trifoliata
748:Tiarella trifoliata
739:Tiarella trifoliata
719:Tiarella trifoliata
711:Tiarella trifoliata
682:Tiarella trifoliata
663:Tiarella trifoliata
641:T. californica
619:T. californica
549:Tiarella trifoliata
526:one-leaf foamflower
502:Tiarella trifoliata
469:Tiarella trifoliata
422:Tiarella trifoliata
358:Tiarella unifoliata
353:(Hook.) P.M.Kern
200:Tiarella trifoliata
54:Conservation status
45:State of Washington
25:Tiarella trifoliata
1410:Tiarella laciniata
1307:Tiarella laciniata
869:T. trifoliata
861:T. trifoliata
853:T. trifoliata
815:T. trifoliata
809:, and eastward to
779:T, trifoliata
759:T. unifoliata
675:T. unifoliata
637:T. unifoliata
629:T. trifoliata
604:T. unifoliata
596:T. trifoliata
584:T. unifoliata
567:for this species.
418:
285:Blondia trifoliata
240:Tiarella laciniata
182:T. trifoliata
2333:
2332:
2243:Open Tree of Life
2032:Taxon identifiers
2003:Media related to
1931:978-1-55105-040-9
1185:978-0-521-86645-3
730:T. laciniata
656:T. laciniata
633:T. laciniata
600:T. laciniata
580:T. laciniata
559:was collected by
395:
394:
386:
374:
362:
354:
342:
313:
309:Tiarella trifolia
305:
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260:
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1654:
1648:
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1561:(Hook.) Wheelock
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1275:(Saxifragaceae)"
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1013:(Hook.) Wheelock
1000:
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988:
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937:
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932:
913:
877:Vancouver Island
801:through western
776:
763:
756:
734:
727:
726:(Hook.) Wheelock
715:
679:
661:as a variety of
660:
615:Per Axel Rydberg
384:
381:
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349:
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259:(Kellogg) Rydb.
258:
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90:
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35:
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1498:(Kellogg) Rydb.
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435:flowering plant
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1838:
1833:
1825:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1798:"WFO (2022):
1793:
1778:
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1612:(Hook.) Kurtz
1610:
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1587:
1583:
1579:
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1569:
1564:
1559:
1551:
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1543:Lakela (1937)
1539:
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1103:
1100:(Hook.) Kurtz
1098:
1094:
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1058:
1056:
1052:
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1026:
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1007:
999:
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981:
977:
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965:
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927:. NatureServe
926:
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805:northward to
804:
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796:
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755:(Hook.) Kurtz
753:
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581:
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568:
566:
562:
561:Georg Steller
558:
557:type specimen
555:in 1753. Its
554:
553:Carl Linnaeus
550:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
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498:
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458:North America
455:
451:
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442:Saxifragaceae
440:
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324:T. trifoliata
310:
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272:
271:T. trifoliata
257:
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231:
227:
226:T. trifoliata
219:
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195:
192:
191:Binomial name
188:
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175:
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158:Saxifragaceae
156:
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112:Tracheophytes
110:
107:
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100:
97:
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93:
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83:
79:
73:
59:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2261:tro-29100780
2039:
2019:
2005:
1981:. Retrieved
1975:
1957:
1954:Amer. J. Bot
1953:
1946:
1939:Bibliography
1922:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1894:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1870:
1864:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1840:
1831:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:
1799:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1738:
1729:
1707:. Retrieved
1702:
1696:
1685:
1667:
1660:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1550:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1503:
1494:
1487:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1454:
1450:
1444:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1419:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1315:
1306:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1285:(6): 479–482
1282:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1247:
1241:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1207:
1201:
1194:
1174:
1167:
1149:
1142:
1115:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1092:
1070:. Retrieved
1060:
1054:
1050:
1028:. Retrieved
1018:
1009:
1005:
983:. Retrieved
960:
951:
929:. Retrieved
924:
918:
892:
888:
886:
883:Conservation
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
845:
841:
835:
831:
825:
821:
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789:Distribution
782:
778:
771:
769:
758:
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468:
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365:
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345:
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292:
284:
274:
270:
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247:
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229:
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199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
148:Saxifragales
131:
118:
105:
24:
18:
2217:NatureServe
2165:iNaturalist
1750:14 November
1478:, pp.
1457:(5). London
1443:"Plate 81:
1422:(5). London
1408:"Plate 77:
1117:14 November
1072:14 November
1030:14 November
931:15 November
665:(var.
645:Olga Lakela
588:John Torrey
528:(var.
520:(var.
504:(var.
464:Description
454:sugar-scoop
416:(23 August)
125:Angiosperms
72:NatureServe
2340:Categories
2256:Plant List
2076:Calflora:
1983:25 October
1907:2 November
1877:11 October
1709:12 October
1691:USDA, NRCS
1528:24 October
1461:12 October
1426:12 October
1289:12 October
1279:Phytologia
1254:27 October
1223:27 October
1097:unifoliata
1095:var.
1055:trifoliata
1053:var.
1008:var.
899:References
871:var.
865:unifoliata
863:var.
857:trifoliata
855:var.
846:unifoliata
844:var.
836:trifoliata
834:var.
824:var.
799:California
781:var.
757:(synonym:
752:unifoliata
750:var.
743:trifoliata
741:var.
728:(synonym:
721:var.
700:unifoliata
686:unifoliata
684:var.
617:described
530:unifoliata
514:trifoliate
506:trifoliata
495:trifoliate
450:laceflower
446:trifoliata
350:unifoliata
328:unifoliata
312:J.F.Gmel.
304:C.Presl
275:trifoliata
251:Kellogg
2131:250065983
1847:9 October
1814:9 October
1782:7 October
1642:9 October
1633:Libraries
1591:9 October
1582:Libraries
1519:Libraries
1391:7 October
1382:Libraries
1340:7 October
1331:Libraries
1010:laciniata
985:7 October
976:Libraries
873:laciniata
826:laciniata
783:laciniata
770:Likewise
723:laciniata
696:laciniata
688:in 1894.
667:laciniata
647:in 1937.
613:In 1905,
610:in 1840.
570:In 1832,
522:laciniata
510:petiolate
473:perennial
373:Lakela
230:laciniata
176:Species:
95:Kingdom:
2351:Tiarella
2307:VASCAN:
2300:29100780
2295:Tropicos
2222:2.130621
2196:10590013
2183:794902-1
2055:Q3991104
2049:Wikidata
2013:Calflora
1947:Tiarella
1693:(n.d.).
1661:Tiarella
1273:Tiarella
704:Tiarella
673:renamed
654:renamed
624:Heuchera
608:Tiarella
592:Asa Gray
576:Tiarella
544:Taxonomy
382:trisecta
361:Hook.
243:Hook.
215:Synonyms
169:Tiarella
154:Family:
138:Eudicots
2144:5371609
1480:587–588
811:Montana
565:neotype
534:sessile
516:). The
487:panicle
483:flowers
437:in the
431:species
429:, is a
385:Lakela
296:Raf.
288:Raf.
164:Genus:
144:Order:
99:Plantae
70: (
68:Secure
2269:PLANTS
2248:890098
2157:457275
2105:583233
2069:446471
1929:
1843:. 2020
1631:&
1621:(IPNI)
1580:&
1570:(IPNI)
1517:&
1507:(IPNI)
1380:&
1370:(IPNI)
1329:&
1319:(IPNI)
1182:
974:&
964:(IPNI)
807:Alaska
803:Canada
538:simple
532:) has
508:) has
491:leaves
439:family
425:, the
410:Oregon
370:typica
348:subsp.
2235:40788
2209:24531
2191:IRMNG
2170:51643
2118:TIAPO
2092:7BYQM
1361:Hook.
1310:Hook.
762:Hook.
733:Hook.
678:Hook.
659:Hook.
471:is a
326:var.
273:var.
228:var.
132:Clade
119:Clade
106:Clade
2310:9313
2282:POWO
2274:TITR
2230:NCBI
2204:ITIS
2178:IPNI
2152:GRIN
2139:GBIF
2113:EPPO
2079:8406
2064:BOLD
1985:2022
1927:ISBN
1909:2022
1879:2022
1849:2022
1816:2022
1784:2022
1752:2022
1711:2022
1644:2022
1593:2022
1530:2022
1463:2022
1428:2022
1393:2022
1342:2022
1291:2022
1256:2022
1225:2022
1180:ISBN
1119:2022
1074:2022
1032:2022
987:2022
933:2022
859:and
590:and
582:and
479:herb
2318:WFO
2126:FNA
2100:EoL
2087:CoL
1962:doi
680:as
452:or
433:of
414:USA
2342::
2320::
2297::
2284::
2271::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2219::
2206::
2193::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2128::
2115::
2102::
2089::
2066::
2051::
1958:24
1956:.
1950:L.
1899:.
1869:.
1839:.
1835:L.
1807:.
1803:L.
1775:.
1771:L.
1743:.
1737:.
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1719:^
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1283:71
1281:.
1277:.
1246:.
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1212:.
1206:.
1127:^
1110:.
1104:.
1082:^
1065:.
1059:.
1040:^
1023:.
1017:.
995:^
978:;
970:;
966:.
959:.
955:L.
941:^
923:.
906:^
893:G5
785:.
714:L.
639:,
635:,
631:,
602:,
598:,
536:,
460:.
412:,
408:,
404:,
380:f.
368:f.
207:L.
134::
121::
108::
43:,
1987:.
1968:.
1964::
1911:.
1897:"
1893:"
1881:.
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1851:.
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1818:.
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1786:.
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1200:"
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1076:.
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1049:"
1034:.
1015:"
1004:"
989:.
957:"
950:"
935:.
921:"
917:"
764:)
735:)
74:)
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