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113:(1861–1930) developed Raumschach (German for "Space chess") in 1907. He contended that for chess to be more like modern warfare, attack should be possible not only from a two-dimensional plane but also from above (aerial) and below (underwater). Maack's original formulation was for an 8×8×8 board, but after experimenting with smaller boards eventually settled on 5×5×5 as best. Other obvious differences from standard chess include two additional pawns per player, and a special piece (two per player) named
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2398:, but distributed them onto separate platforms in a hierarchy of spatial levels, suggesting to audiences how chess adapted to a future predominated by space travel. Rules for the game were never invented within the series – in fact, the boards are sometimes not even aligned consistently from one scene to the next within a single episode.
2419:
The complete
Standard Rules for the game were originally developed in 1976 by Andrew Bartmess (with encouragement from Joseph) and were subsequently expanded by him into a commercially available booklet. A free summary in English of the Standard Rules is contained on Charles Roth's website, including
72:
The expression "Three-dimensional chess" is sometimes used as a colloquial metaphor to describe complex, dynamic systems with many competing entities and interests, including politics, diplomacy and warfare. To describe an individual as "playing three-dimensional chess" implies a higher-order
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68:
discusses some 50 such variations extending chess to three dimensions as well as a handful of higher-dimensional variants. Chapter 11 covers variants using multiple boards normally set side by side which can also be considered to add an extra dimension to chess.
100:
the most popular 3‑D board amongst inventors, and at the same time the most mentally indigestible for the players ... Less demanding on spatial vision, and hence more practical, are those games confined to three 8×8 boards and games with boards smaller than
127:
The
Raumschach 3‑D board can be thought of as a cube sliced into five equal spaces across each of its three major coordinal planes. This sectioning yields a 5×5×5 (125 cube) gamespace. The cubes (usually represented by squares and often called
42:
with a three-dimensional array of cells between which the pieces can move. In practice, this is usually achieved by boards representing different layers being laid out next to each other. Three-dimensional chess has often appeared in
2791:
3239:
2304:
for Black). This includes moving one step directly upward (for White) or downward (for Black), and capturing one step diagonally upward (White) or diagonally downward (Black), through a front or side cube
2700:"Alice Chess, a well-considered variant, may also be classified as a 3‑D game." "In a sense, it is a three-dimensional game, since the board can be thought of as measuring 8×8×2 (in squares)."
2276:(the same effect as one step as a rook followed by one step as a bishop in the same outward direction) enabling it to control 24 different cells from the board's center.
2431:'s rules more than Andrew Bartmess' Standard Rules, with some deviations too. A repository of Tournament Rules games can be found on the website of Michael Klein.
56:
Three-dimensional variants have existed since at least the late 19th century, one of the oldest being
Raumschach (German for "Space chess"), invented in 1907 by
2290:
The queen combines the moves of a rook, bishop, and unicorn. The queen has a total of 26 different directions to move: 6 faces plus 12 edges plus 8 corners.
73:
understanding and mastery of the system beyond the comprehension of their peers or ordinary observers, who are implied to be "playing" regular chess.
2534:
2495:") is a Windows application written by Doug Keenan and available free on his website. A free Android version of Tri‑D Chess is offered by AwfSoft.
2287:), any number of steps in a straight line. Each unicorn can reach a total of 30 cells of the 125-cell gamespace; each player's pair can reach 60.
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2347:
2583:, multi-dimensional chess games are featured in various fictional works, usually in a futuristic or science fiction setting. Examples include
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A complete set of tournament rules for Tri-Dimensional Chess written by Jens Meder is available on his website. Meder's rules are based on
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84:(1806–1853) developed Kubikschach (German for "Cube chess") in 1851. He used an 8×8×8 board, labelling the third dimension with
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sets available in stores at the time (games also seen in TOS episodes) and adding chess pieces from the futuristic-looking
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There is some discussion whether this game should be called "Tri-Dimensional Chess" as in the
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A pawn, as in chess, moves and captures always forward toward the promotion rank (rank
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can move to cells with a white dot or capture on cells marked "×". Black's unicorn on
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omissions and ambiguities regarding piece moves across the four Tri‑D gameboard 2×2
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2479:. Details for building a travel-size board are included on Meder's website.
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2253:. Rooks, bishops, and knights move as they do in chess in any given plane.
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A unicorn moves in a manner unique to a 3D space: it moves through the
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The Tri-D chessboard was further realized by its inclusion in the
4372:
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2847:
2543:– an 8×8×3 variant retaining most of the rules of standard chess
2336:
2249:
White moves first. The game objective, as in standard chess, is
1206:
can move to cells with a black dot or capture the white pawn on
53:
franchise in particular—contributing to the game's familiarity.
4439:
4429:
4340:
4330:
4318:
4222:
4146:
2982:"3D Chess - Gineipaedia, a Legend of the Galactic Heroes wiki"
2909:
2770:"The enduring appeal of seeing Trump as chess-master in chief"
4382:
4345:
4227:
2859:
2394:
in 1961. The design retained the 64 squares of a traditional
2383:
2293:
The king moves the same as the queen but one step at a time.
4079:
2428:
2792:"How the Ukrainian crisis is like three-dimensional chess"
2491:(potentially named after a lead character in the episode "
2469:
Plans for constructing a Tri‑D chessboard can be found on
16:
Variants of chess with multiple boards at different levels
3261:
2498:
2962:
2871:
88:
alpha through theta. This format was later picked up by
60:
and considered the classic 3‑D game. Chapter 25 of
3434:– Tri-Dimensional Chess Tracker; web-based Perl program
2823:
2713:
2725:
3064:
Okuda, Denise; Okuda, Michael; Mirek, Debbie (1997).
143:
The horizontal levels are denoted by capital letters
2835:
2811:
2382:prop was crafted using boards from 3D Checkers and
3427:
3139:
3006:"3‑D Scrabble - The Infosphere, the Futurama Wiki"
2328:
3138:Schmittberger, R. Wayne (1992). "3D Chess Sets".
92:in 1907 when developing Raumschach. According to
4497:
3395:– Tri‑D Chess Tournament Rules, boards, and more
3058:(2nd ed.). Richmond, UK: The Q Press. 1969.
2035:
1833:
1629:
1427:
1225:
996:
794:
590:
388:
186:
151:. Ranks and files of a level are denoted using
3063:
2915:
2865:
2531:– three stacked 8×12 boards, a fantasy variant
1198:Raumschach starting position. White's pawn on
132:) alternate in color in all three dimensions.
3453:
3137:
3117:The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants
2956:
2549:– an 8×8×3 variant with two armies per player
2365:is a chess variant which can be seen in many
66:The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants
3371:– commercial site; history of Standard Rules
3364:
3342:
3304:
3199:
2487:There is software for playing Tri‑D Chess.
3460:
3446:
3398:
3164:
2853:
2748:"Obama is playing three-dimensional chess"
3467:
3374:
3280:
3110:
3088:
2968:
2943:
2930:The Federation Standard Tri‑D Chess Rules
2877:
2829:
2731:
2719:
2309:. In Raumschach there is no pawn initial
2241:can move or capture on cells marked "×".
3405:– Tournament Rules game library and more
2927:
2778:. The New York Times Company. 2017-05-31
2502:
2335:
134:
18:
3388:
3031:
2841:
2817:
2262:of a cube in any rank, file, or column.
4498:
3146:. John Wiley & Sons Inc. pp.
2499:Other three-dimensional chess variants
2371:TV episodes and movies, starting with
3441:
3171:Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual
2678:Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual
2404:Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual
3897:5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel
3096:. Games & Puzzles Publications.
2569:5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel
2414:
3207:(1987). "Three-dimensional chess".
2681:or "Three-Dimensional Chess" as in
13:
3193:
3094:The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants
2891:"Vintage Chessmen by Peter Ganine"
2265:A bishop moves through the twelve
38:that replaces the two-dimensional
14:
4542:
3232:
3385:– free summary of Standard Rules
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2916:Okuda, Okuda & Mirek (1997)
2883:
2866:Okuda, Okuda & Mirek (1997)
2694:
2313:(and consequently no capturing
4516:Board games introduced in 1907
2737:
2669:
76:
1:
4526:Three-dimensional board games
3210:The Oxford Companion to Chess
3114:(2007). Beasley, John (ed.).
2707:
2647:. The concept is parodied in
2593:Legend of the Galactic Heroes
2574:
2258:A rook moves through the six
105:
3367:"Tridimensional Chess Rules"
7:
4065:Chess on a really big board
3946:Chess with different armies
3488:Different starting position
3240:"Three Dimensional (index)"
3142:New Rules for Classic Games
2775:The New York Times Magazine
2562:
2482:
163:levels and Black starts on
23:Kubikschach 8×8×8 gamespace
10:
4549:
4403:Game of the Seven Kingdoms
4393:Game of the Three Kingdoms
3514:Different number of pieces
3067:The Star Trek Encyclopedia
3032:Dickins, Anthony (1971) .
2684:The Star Trek Encyclopedia
2475:, as well as in Bartmess'
139:Raumschach 5×5×5 gamespace
4453:
4422:
4398:Game of the Three Friends
4311:
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4122:
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3984:
3923:
3910:
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3800:
3764:
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3513:
3487:
3480:
2928:Bartmess, Andrew (2005).
2537:– two adjacent 8×8 boards
2519:– two adjacent 8×8 boards
2236:
1197:
4095:Dekle's triangular chess
4027:Maharajah and the Sepoys
3166:Schnaubelt, Franz Joseph
2932:(Revision 5.0 ed.).
2662:
2283:of a cube (i.e. along a
174:
122:
4484:The Chess Variant Pages
4002:Capablanca random chess
3611:Three-dimensional chess
3409:Three-dimensional chess
3357:The Chess Variant Pages
3311:– a simple program (in
3288:The Chess Variant Pages
3273:The Chess Variant Pages
3245:The Chess Variant Pages
3215:Oxford University Press
2472:The Chess Variant Pages
2363:Three-Dimensional Chess
28:Three-dimensional chess
3056:A Guide to Fairy Chess
3034:A Guide to Fairy Chess
2856:, p. T0:03:98:3x.
2627:Legion of Super-Heroes
2512:
2390:chess set designed by
2351:
155:. White starts on the
140:
103:
24:
3971:Pocket mutation chess
3886:Parallel worlds chess
3429:"Tri‑D Chess Tracker"
3281:Moeser, David (ed.).
2547:Parallel worlds chess
2509:Parallel Worlds Chess
2506:
2355:Tri-Dimensional Chess
2339:
2332:Tri-Dimensional Chess
138:
98:
22:
4461:Correspondence chess
3505:Transcendental chess
3495:Fischer random chess
3283:"3‑D Chess FAQ File"
3052:(corrected repub. of
2895:Dansk the Night Away
2493:Plato's Stepchildren
2450:The Tri‑D chessboard
3956:Falcon–hunter chess
3839:an unorthodox board
3837:Unorthodox rules on
3726:Monochromatic chess
3586:Millennium 3D chess
3217:. pp. 351–52.
2653:as "tridimensional
2638:The Big Bang Theory
2541:Millennium 3D chess
2373:the original series
2346:(from the episode "
4477:Fairy Chess Review
4202:Three-player chess
4042:Tutti-frutti chess
3924:Standard 8×8 board
3801:Elements of chance
3765:Multimove variants
3706:Knight relay chess
3500:Displacement chess
3365:Bartmess, Andrew.
3038:Dover Publications
2957:Schmittberger 1992
2513:
2352:
2237:White's knight on
153:algebraic notation
141:
96:, this format is:
82:Lionel Kieseritzky
25:
4493:
4492:
4471:Fairy chess piece
4445:Zillions of Games
4418:
4417:
4177:Four-player chess
4118:
4117:
4053:boards and pieces
3961:Grasshopper chess
3906:
3905:
3792:Progressive chess
3782:Marseillais chess
3756:Way of the Knight
3751:Three-check chess
3746:Progressive chess
3624:
3623:
3305:Friedlander, Ed.
3130:978-0-9555168-0-1
3010:theinfosphere.org
2897:. 12 October 2011
2854:Schnaubelt (1975)
2585:Pebble in the Sky
2525:– a 6×6×6 variant
2511:
2477:Tri‑D Chess Rules
2415:Rules development
2272:A knight makes a
2245:
2244:
2223:
2222:
2021:
2020:
1817:
1816:
1615:
1614:
1413:
1412:
1214:
1213:
1184:
1183:
982:
981:
778:
777:
576:
575:
374:
373:
4538:
4258:
4257:
4105:Wildebeest chess
4007:Chancellor chess
3997:Capablanca chess
3921:
3920:
3818:Knightmare Chess
3696:Extinction chess
3639:
3638:
3616:Triangular chess
3595:Los Alamos chess
3535:Unorthodox board
3485:
3484:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3404:
3399:Klein, Michael.
3394:
3384:
3381:3‑D Chess Rules"
3370:
3361:
3348:"3‑D Chess from
3344:Bodlaender, Hans
3327:
3310:
3292:
3277:
3264:Bodlaender, Hans
3249:
3228:
3189:
3176:Ballantine Books
3161:
3145:
3134:
3123:. John Beasley.
3122:
3107:
3085:
3059:
3051:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2978:
2972:
2969:Pritchard (2007)
2966:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2887:
2881:
2878:Pritchard (2007)
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2830:Pritchard (1994)
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2756:. Kos Media, LLC
2741:
2735:
2732:Pritchard (2007)
2729:
2723:
2720:Pritchard (2007)
2717:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2673:
2507:
2459:
2447:
2300:for White, rank
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2138:
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2117:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1929:
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1915:
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1899:
1892:
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846:
839:
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823:
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809:
802:
795:
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753:
746:
737:
730:
723:
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709:
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693:
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656:
649:
642:
635:
626:
619:
612:
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558:
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528:
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514:
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194:
187:
181:
180:
4548:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4521:Fictional games
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4449:
4414:
4307:
4303:Tamerlane chess
4253:
4247:
4211:
4197:Three-man chess
4114:
4052:
4046:
3985:Compound pieces
3980:
3966:Musketeer chess
3916:
3915:non-traditional
3914:
3912:
3902:
3838:
3832:
3796:
3772:Avalanche chess
3760:
3666:Checkless chess
3651:Andernach chess
3643:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3620:
3606:Spherical chess
3567:Hexagonal chess
3530:
3521:Dunsany's chess
3509:
3476:
3466:
3426:
3375:Roth, Charles.
3318:
3262:Balden, Bruce;
3238:
3235:
3225:
3196:
3194:Further reading
3186:
3158:
3131:
3120:
3112:Pritchard, D.B.
3104:
3090:Pritchard, D.B.
3082:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3028:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2986:gineipaedia.com
2980:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2937:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2801:
2799:
2796:Washington Post
2794:. Monkey Cage.
2790:
2781:
2779:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2577:
2565:
2501:
2485:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2437:
2417:
2334:
2326:
2247:
2246:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1216:
1215:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
991:
990:
989:
988:
787:
786:
785:
784:
585:
584:
583:
582:
383:
382:
381:
380:
177:
125:
111:Ferdinand Maack
108:
94:David Pritchard
79:
62:David Pritchard
58:Ferdinand Maack
45:science fiction
17:
12:
11:
5:
4546:
4545:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4506:Chess variants
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4408:Other variants
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4361:Other variants
4358:
4353:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4216:Inspired games
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:Hand and brain
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Fortress chess
4164:
4159:
4157:Enochian chess
4154:
4149:
4144:
4142:Business chess
4139:
4137:Bughouse chess
4134:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4037:Seirawan chess
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3918:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3871:Diplomat chess
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3636:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3581:Infinite chess
3578:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Cylinder chess
3549:
3547:Circular chess
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3482:
3481:Orthodox rules
3478:
3477:
3469:Chess variants
3465:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3424:
3415:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3372:
3362:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3302:
3293:
3278:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3234:
3233:External links
3231:
3230:
3229:
3223:
3205:Whyld, Kenneth
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3162:
3157:978-0471536215
3156:
3135:
3129:
3108:
3102:
3086:
3080:
3061:
3046:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:
2997:
2973:
2971:, p. 227.
2961:
2948:
2944:Pritchard 1994
2935:
2920:
2918:, p. 509.
2908:
2882:
2880:, p. 226.
2870:
2868:, p. 342.
2858:
2846:
2842:Dickins (1971)
2834:
2832:, p. 305.
2822:
2818:Dickins (1971)
2810:
2808:
2807:
2788:
2766:
2736:
2724:
2722:, p. 229.
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2693:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2644:The Lego Movie
2579:As well as in
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2500:
2497:
2484:
2481:
2462:Playing Parmen
2461:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2416:
2413:
2384:3D Tic-Tac-Toe
2333:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:space diagonal
2277:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2176:
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2155:
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2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
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2110:
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2:
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4514:
4512:
4511:1907 in chess
4509:
4507:
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4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Grant Acedrex
4286:
4284:
4283:Courier chess
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4252:Chess-related
4250:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4233:Martian chess
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:Courier-Spiel
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Embassy chess
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3909:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Monster chess
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Kung-Fu Chess
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:Madrasi chess
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:Hostage chess
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3627:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:Rhombic chess
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3575:Masonic chess
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3422:BoardGameGeek
3419:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3389:Meder, Jens.
3387:
3382:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3300:BoardGameGeek
3297:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3224:0-19-281986-0
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3201:Hooper, David
3198:
3197:
3187:
3185:0-345-34074-4
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3103:0-9524142-0-1
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3081:0-671-53607-9
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3047:0-486-22687-5
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2844:, p. 17.
2843:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2820:, p. 16.
2819:
2814:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2734:, p. 93.
2733:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:Starman Jones
2612:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2557:shogi variant
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2458:
2446:
2435:Board details
2432:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2422:attack boards
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:The original
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2348:Court Martial
2345:
2344:
2338:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2311:two-step move
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2240:
2235:
2228:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
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1857:
1854:
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1840:
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1808:
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1801:
1798:
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1768:
1764:
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1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1697:
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1690:
1687:
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1562:
1559:
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1548:
1545:
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1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
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1418:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
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1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
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1301:
1297:
1293:
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1269:
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1264:
1260:
1256:
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1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
993:
987:
977:
973:
970:
966:
963:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
944:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919:
915:
912:
908:
907:
903:
899:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
875:
871:
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
852:
848:
845:
841:
838:
834:
833:
829:
825:
822:
818:
815:
811:
808:
804:
801:
797:
796:
791:
790:
783:
773:
769:
766:
762:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
740:
736:
732:
729:
725:
722:
718:
715:
711:
708:
704:
703:
699:
695:
692:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
648:
644:
641:
637:
634:
630:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
600:
597:
593:
592:
587:
581:
571:
567:
564:
560:
557:
553:
550:
546:
543:
539:
538:
534:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
513:
509:
506:
502:
501:
497:
493:
490:
486:
483:
479:
476:
472:
469:
465:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
427:
423:
419:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
395:
391:
390:
385:
379:
369:
365:
362:
358:
355:
351:
348:
344:
341:
337:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
300:
299:
295:
291:
288:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
188:
183:
182:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
137:
133:
131:
120:
118:
117:
112:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
86:Greek letters
83:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
51:
46:
41:
37:
36:chess variant
33:
29:
21:
4482:
4475:
4388:Manchu chess
4298:Short assize
4032:Modern chess
3992:Almost chess
3895:
3741:Portal chess
3736:PlunderChess
3731:Patrol chess
3716:Losing chess
3691:Dynamo chess
3661:Beirut chess
3656:Atomic chess
3610:
3557:Double chess
3542:Balbo's game
3413:Memory Alpha
3378:
3355:
3349:
3332:
3323:
3320:"Raumschach"
3307:"Raumschach"
3286:
3271:
3268:"Raumschach"
3243:
3208:
3169:
3141:
3116:
3093:
3072:Pocket Books
3065:
3055:
3036:. New York:
3033:
3026:Bibliography
3013:. Retrieved
3009:
3000:
2989:. Retrieved
2985:
2976:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2894:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2800:. Retrieved
2798:. 2015-03-15
2795:
2780:. Retrieved
2773:
2758:. Retrieved
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2696:
2689:Memory Alpha
2682:
2676:
2671:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2589:Isaac Asimov
2580:
2578:
2535:Flying chess
2488:
2486:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2409:Franz Joseph
2402:
2400:
2392:Peter Ganine
2387:
2379:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:3D chess on
2329:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2280:
2274:(0,1,2) leap
2266:
2259:
2248:
2238:
2226:
2024:
1820:
1618:
1416:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1187:
985:
781:
579:
377:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
144:
142:
129:
126:
115:
109:
99:
80:
71:
65:
55:
48:
31:
27:
26:
4466:Fairy chess
4268:Chadarangam
4238:Navia Dratp
4192:Quatrochess
4172:Four Fronts
4124:Multiplayer
4085:Omega Chess
4075:Dragonchess
4060:Chesquerque
4022:Janus Chess
4017:Grand Chess
3913:rules using
3846:Alice chess
3711:Legan chess
3686:Cubic chess
3676:Circe chess
3633:traditional
3571:Cross chess
3401:"3‑D Chess"
3391:"3‑D chess"
2629:franchise,
2553:Space shogi
2529:Dragonchess
2523:Cubic chess
2517:Alice chess
2359:Tri-D Chess
77:Kubikschach
4500:Categories
4278:Chaturanga
4261:Historical
4110:Wolf chess
4051:Unorthodox
3911:Unorthodox
3891:Rollerball
3851:Apocalypse
3823:Kriegspiel
3813:Dice chess
3808:Dark chess
3681:Crazyhouse
3631:rules with
3629:Unorthodox
3562:Grid chess
3296:Raumschach
3254:Raumschach
3015:2019-10-11
2991:2023-07-22
2802:2018-08-15
2708:References
2687:and as on
2632:Doctor Who
2575:In fiction
2555:– a 9×9×9
2396:chessboard
2319:), and no
2316:en passant
2269:of a cube.
106:Raumschach
4531:Star Trek
4435:Fairy-Max
4356:Dai shogi
4351:Chu shogi
4273:Chaturaji
4207:Tri-chess
4100:2000 A.D.
4090:Stratomic
3881:Jeson Mor
3876:Dragonfly
3861:Chessence
3828:Penultima
3671:Chessplus
3644:8×8 board
3591:Minichess
3418:3-D Chess
3379:Star Trek
3350:Star Trek
3333:Star Trek
3324:Jocly.com
2753:Daily Kos
2604:Blake's 7
2581:Star Trek
2380:Star Trek
2368:Star Trek
2343:Star Trek
2330:Star Trek
2251:checkmate
50:Star Trek
34:) is any
32:3‑D chess
4423:Software
4368:Sittuyin
4336:Senterej
4324:variants
4312:Regional
4293:Shatranj
4243:The Duke
4162:Forchess
4132:Bosworth
3976:Cheskers
3936:Berolina
3642:Standard
3526:Handicap
3266:(eds.).
3168:(1975).
3092:(1994).
2656:Scrabble
2650:Futurama
2622:Unreal 2
2563:See also
2483:Software
2321:castling
147:through
4454:Related
4373:Xiangqi
4152:Duchess
3931:Baroque
2782:25 July
2760:24 July
2388:Classic
2281:corners
116:unicorn
4440:XBoard
4430:ChessV
4378:Jungle
4341:Shatar
4331:Makruk
4319:Janggi
4223:Arimaa
4147:Djambi
3941:Chakra
3917:pieces
3635:pieces
3221:
3182:
3154:
3148:103–07
3127:
3100:
3078:
3044:
2901:2 June
2743:e.g.
2641:, and
2625:, the
2489:Parmen
4383:Banqi
4346:Shogi
4254:games
4228:Jetan
3951:Duell
3866:Congo
3335:Tri‑D
3121:(PDF)
3040:Inc.
2959::197)
2946::305)
2663:Notes
2361:, or
2267:edges
2260:faces
175:Rules
130:cells
123:Board
90:Maack
47:—the
40:board
4182:Gala
4080:Gess
3856:Chad
3473:list
3313:Java
3219:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3098:ISBN
3076:ISBN
3042:ISBN
2903:2014
2784:2017
2762:2017
2598:Nova
2429:FIDE
2307:edge
167:and
159:and
101:8×8.
30:(or
3420:at
3411:at
3298:at
2659:".
2610:UFO
2587:by
2407:by
2239:Cc3
1208:Aa2
1204:Dd4
1200:Bd2
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2227:A
2025:B
1821:C
1619:D
1417:E
1188:A
986:B
782:C
580:D
378:E
169:D
165:E
161:B
157:A
149:E
145:A
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