584:" were to join Stucley in Spain for the invasion of Ireland. At their first encounter, Walsingham had not known what to make of Fitzgibbon, realising that an agent of Burghley's had sown dissension between the archbishop and Stucley, but in 1575 he did have intelligence of Stucley's alliance with Fitzmaurice, at a time when the nuncio at Madrid was urging an invasion of England. In 1578 Walsingham had similar intelligence, and having failed to induce Archbishop Fitzgibbon to give up his secrets in return for his passage back to Ireland, procured his arrest in Scotland.
43:
373:, in a vain effort to induce O'Neill to enter into negotiations with the government. The Ulster lord sought to use him as intermediary with Sidney and in the same year requested his presence in fighting the Scots, an arrangement favoured by the lord deputy. Sidney then sought permission of the crown for Stucley to purchase the estates and office of Sir Nicholas Bagenal, marshal of Ireland, for ÂŁ3,000, but Elizabeth refused to permit the transaction. The lands lay mostly in the east of Ulster, a territory anciently in
102:
345:). To this end, he persuaded the queen to supply a ship of 100 tons (including 100 men, plus sailors), to supplement his fleet of five vessels. Having staged a naval pageant for the queen on the Thames, he promptly sailed his fleet to the coast of Munster in Ireland in June 1563 to go privateering against French, Spanish and Portuguese ships. After repeated remonstrances on the part of the offended powers, Elizabeth disavowed Stucley and sent a naval force under the command of Sir
989:
110:
299:, but he was reputed to squander ÂŁ100 a day and to have sold the blocks of tin with which his father-in-law had paved the yard of his London house. Within a few months, a warrant for his arrest was issued on a charge of uttering false money and he fled abroad again, deserting his wife, to enter the service of the duke of Savoy. He then fought on the victorious side at the
572:
Pope
Gregory bargained for Philip II to defray the entire expense of the expedition, and suggested that if the Vatican were to pitch in then it should receive some benefit in Italy by way of material return. The Spanish thought the leader of the expedition should be married, so as to prevent papal approval of a match with Mary.
568:
Spanish claimant, but to a native
Catholic, that is, Mary, Queen of Scots, lest the king gain too much power and territory; he was opposed to Don John being crowned in Ireland. The king disputed O'Healy's authority to enter discussion on the Irish matter and queried the Pope's opposition to the increase of Spanish authority.
571:
The Pope was willing to guarantee six months' pay for 200 men and their shipping expenses to go to
England in his name, and wondered if a personal attempt might be made against Elizabeth. Later, it was suggested that 5,000 go to Liverpool and free Mary before possessing the country, or go to Ireland.
325:
At about this time, on being presented to the queen he said he would prefer to be sovereign of a molehill than the subject of the greatest king in
Christendom and that he had a presentiment he would be a prince before he died. She is said to have remarked, "I hope I shall hear from you when you are
567:
In 1575, Friar
Patrick O'Healy arrived at Rome bearing a letter from the king and announcing that he sought sanction for an unnamed Irish gentleman to revolt and to request assistance; he insisted Philip II had given his blessing. Pope Gregory stressed that the crown ought not to go to a French or
660:
On landing in
Morocco, Stucley objected to marching straight away against a vast force of Moors and scorned the Portuguese king's troops and tactics. He reportedly fought with courage on 4 August 1578 at the Battle of Alcácer Quibir, commanding the centre, but was killed early in the day when a
607:
Now, in 1578, the Pope provided
Stucley with infantry and he set out with 2,000 fighting men. The force had, it was claimed, been raised by enlisting Apennine highwaymen and robbers in return for pardons and 50-day indulgences, the latter to be gained by contemplation of crucifixes supplied to
559:
Stucley allied with
Fitzmaurice and moved to Rome in 1575, where he is said to have walked about the streets and churches barefoot and bare-legged. In June, Stucley had an interview at Naples with his Lepanto commander Don John, and passed on details of the plans for an October expedition. The
436:
Philip II invited him to Madrid, where he was loaded with honours, probably with a view to impressing upon
Elizabeth the threat of an invasion of Ireland to detract from English support for the Dutch rebels in the Netherlands. With the approbation of the Duke of Feria, Stucley was known at the
564:, from prison and take possession of England. Don John, who was now in charge of the Spanish forces in Flanders, said the king would have to approve, and that 3,000 men were too few, but was cautiously optimistic that the expedition would help to contain the rebellion in the Netherlands.
510:. King had a history of attendance at Mass and of knocking his breast daily and so was merely stripped and banished, but then had to cross the Pyrenees in the snow while Stucley's men pursued him. Stucley obtained his passport to leave Spain after Elizabeth demanded his dismissal.
287:
once more. This was not his only financial difficulty: once, claiming a legacy, he broke into the late testator's house and searched the coffers, in defiance of a court injunction. In another episode, he was imprisoned in the Tower at the suit of an
Irishman he had robbed.
646:(an ally of England against Spain) in an attack upon the Moors. Stucley abandoned the Irish invasion, and destroyed the hopes of help in Munster. Stucley is said to have declared that he knew Ireland as well as the best and that there were only to be got there "
424:
and made a great show of his piety, proceeding through the streets of the city on his knees as he offered himself up to God. He then sailed from Waterford on 17 April, supposedly for London, but his real destination was
575:
British spies had been sending home rumours of Stucley's plans since Archbishop Fitzgibbon's intervention in Spain. In 1572, Oliver King informed London of invasion plans; in March 1573 Elizabeth's spymaster Sir
322:
of Ulster, upon the latter's visit to court at London. In 1562, he obtained a warrant permitting him to bring French ships into English ports although England and France were only nominally at peace.
696:(1605), which is possibly the Stewtle, played, according to Henslowe, on 11 December 1596, is a biographical piece dealing with successive episodes, and seems to be a patchwork of older plays on
463:
On 12 February 1571, the king was informed by the Spanish ambassador that news was had in London from France that the pope had ceded to the Spanish crown the kingdom created for Philip and Queen
388:
of Kavanagh's country in south-east Leinster, and had some say in the controversial land claims of his adversary, Peter Carew (who succeeded him in that office). He went on to buy lands from Sir
295:, after obtaining an amnesty against his creditors' suits, possibly thanks to the Duke of Suffolk. His credit temporarily improved upon his marriage to Anne Curtis, granddaughter and heir of
841:
1562, named William, then Elizabeth Peppard, a rich Irish widow, cf. Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Vatican Archives, Volume 1, 1558–1571, pp. 379 & 385,
314:. On the death of his wife's grandfather at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign he came into money, and he accommodated himself to the Protestant succession and became a supporter of Sir
377:
possession, which was much fought over by the Irish and Scots, and would be used by the English within a decade as a base for their efforts at colonisation of the province (see
673:
Stucley's career made a considerable impression on his contemporaries, and in death he attracted as much speculation and gossip as he had in life. A play generally assigned to
404:, which resulted, in the following year, in Elizabeth rebuking Sidney for his use of Stucley in the negotiations with O'Neill. In June 1569 Stucley was committed to custody in
349:
to arrest him. One of his ships was taken in Cork haven, and Stucley surrendered, but he was acquitted once again, with O'Neill pleading his case through diplomatic channels.
452:
with an attack on Ireland in the following year during the planned invasion of England from Flanders. The Irish invasion was to have been aided by the Plymouth fleet of Sir
596:). His death disrupted plans for the invasion of England, but there was still stomach for supporting the Irish. In 1576 Fitzmaurice had been warmly received at Rome, where
657:
and Irish members of the expedition made their way back to Rome, and continued the now ill-fated invasion, deprived of most of its money and men by Stucley's desertion.
536:, offering to hold the narrow seas against the English with a fleet of twenty ships. In four years (1570–1574) he is said to have received over 27,000 ducats from
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420:, and soon after his release he offered his services to FĂ©nelon, the French ambassador in London. He returned to Ireland in 1570, where he fitted out a ship at
842:
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cannonball cut off his legs—or perhaps, as tradition asserted, he was murdered by his Italian soldiers after the Portuguese had been defeated. The historian
433:. He had 28 men on board, but only the sole Italian knew their course, and the rest fell into despair when they arrived in Portugal after a five-day voyage.
396:, and was appointed by Sidney to the office of seneschal there, but the queen objected to the appointment and in June 1568 he was dismissed in favour of Sir
1214:
513:
Stucley moved to Rome, where he found favour with Pope Pius V, who had excommunicated Elizabeth in 1571. He was given the command of three galleys at the
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for some months. Having run through his brother's inheritance, he was prosecuted for debt on his release in August 1553 and was compelled to become a
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654:
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There is a detailed biography of Stucley, based chiefly on the English, Venetian and Spanish state papers, in R Simpson's edition of the 1605 play (
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evaded the payment of any reward to Stucley, and sought to gain the friendship of the French king by pretending to disbelieve Stucley's statements.
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389:
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Again, Stucley was acquitted, and the authorities released him in October 1569. He had been suspected of proposing an invasion of Ireland to King
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221:
It has been alleged that he was instead an illegitimate son of King Henry VIII. Details of any wives or children he may have had are imprecise.
318:. In 1561, he was given a captaincy at Berwick, where he lived sumptuously; during the winter, he made firm friends with the Gaelic nobleman
257:
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during the siege of 1544–45, and again in 1550 on the surrender of the city to the English. From 1547 to 1550, he was a standard-bearer at
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1162:
The Stukeley Plays: 'The Battle of Alcazar' by George Peele and 'The Famous History of the Life and Death of Captain Thomas Stukeley'
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invited Stucley to take up a command in his army, which included Portuguese and German mercenaries, in preparation for an invasion of
272:
and for a descent upon England, the furtherance of which had, according to his account, been the object of his mission to England.
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273:
665:
writes of him, "He might not have 'given a fart' about Elizabeth, but it may have been one of her cannonballs that killed him".
491:– made some effort while in Spain to discredit Stucley's ambitions , much to the displeasure of Feria, and was supported by the
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The meeting with O'Neill led to an extended interest in Irish affairs on Stucley's part. He was recommended by the queen to the
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Stucley. They were commanded by professional officers under Hercules of Pisano, and also Giuseppi who went on to command the
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843:
https://www.academia.edu/31016883/_Make_a_noise_in_the_world_Thomas_Stukeley_Soldier_Scoundrel_Mercenary_Spy?auto=download
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with rotted ships, where he issued magnificent passports to Irishmen returning home, describing himself as Marquess of
457:
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Speculation about Stucley's future role became intense. In 1570, it was claimed that he had sought to interfere in the
319:
502:, nicknamed Don John, as king of Ireland. On removing to Paris, Fitzgibbon informed the English ambassador there, Sir
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for 18 weeks, on White's claim that he had used 'coarse language' against the queen and supported 'certain rebels'.
250:
57:
1097:
863:
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17:
707:, 1878, vol. i.), where the Stucley ballads are also printed. References in contemporary poetry are quoted by
600:, later a cardinal, was also present, having presented to the Pope a plot for the invasion of England through
1259:
310:, although he was again acquitted owing to insufficient evidence, and managed to retain the favour of Queen
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300:
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495:, who dismissed the proposed invasion on the ground that once England fell, Ireland would fall of itself.
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Stucley, who may well have been the originator of the plans adopted by the French, was imprisoned in the
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and his Moorish expedition; in a long speech before his death he recapitulates the events of his life.
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249:. After his master's arrest in 1551 a warrant was issued against him, but he succeeded in escaping to
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506:, of Stucley's plan. In 1570, Stucley sought to have an English spy, Oliver King, brought before the
480:, and that it was rumoured that Stucley was to be sent to England with 14 to 15 companies of troops.
1137:
The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620
613:
597:
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143: – 4 August 1578) was an English mercenary who fought in France, Ireland and at the
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268:. On his arrival he proceeded on 16 September 1552 to reveal the French plans for the capture of
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Stucley's exploits restored him to favour in Madrid, and by the end of March 1572 he was at
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installed in your principality". He responded that she surely would, and she demanded, "
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31:
783:
Stucley, Sir Dennis, 5th Baronet (1976). "A Devon parish lost, a new home discovered"".
540:, but wearied by the king's delays he sought more serious assistance from the new pope,
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635:, where he was to meet Fitzmaurice and secure better ships before sailing for Ireland.
592:
On 1 October 1578, Don John died while on campaign in southern Belgium, of camp fever (
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456:, who betrayed the supposed plot to the privy council, leading to the arrest of the
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681:, printed in 1594, was probably acted in 1592. It deals with Stucley's arrival in
529:, and allowed Spain to devote more resources to its campaigns in northern Europe.
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400:. Stucley had fallen prey to the disputes between Sidney and White's patron, the
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927:"Elizabethan England and the Islamic World by Jerry Brotton | the Times"
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517:(7 October 1571), and showed great valour. It was a crucial victory for the
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1013:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1050.
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and on Stucley. His adventures also form the subject of various ballads.
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366:
159:
341:, at the time hotly contested by rival Spanish and French settlers (see
472:
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819:
Vivian 1895, p. 721, pedigree of Stucley; p. 598, pedigree of Pollard
601:
421:
385:
284:
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487:, Maurice Reagh Fitzgibbon – an ally of the Irish leader in Munster
690:
The Famous History of the Life and Death of Captain Thomas Stukeley
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526:
467:, which had fallen vacant upon the excommunication of Elizabeth by
238:
994:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
260:, and he was sent to England with a letter of recommendation from
643:
533:
441:", and was established with a handsome allowance in a villa near
426:
338:
365:, on 30 June 1563, and in 1566 was employed as a captain by the
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In 1558, Stucley was summoned before the council on a charge of
1170:"Chapter 6: The Wool Merchant's Wife and the Amazing Mercenary"
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442:
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Amidst this international feinting and shaping, the Catholic
122:
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Sir Thomas Stucley, c. 1525-1578: Traitor extraordinary
847:
https://www.dib.ie/biography/stukeley-stucley-thomas-a8365
631:(a title bestowed by the Pope). Philip II sent him on to
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The archbishop's brief was to request the appointment of
679:
The Battell of Alcazar with the Death of Captain Stukely
291:
He returned to England in December 1554 in the train of
864:
Jowitt, Claire. "Treason, masculinity, and the Queen",
237:, in whose household he held a post. He was present at
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The Other Tudors: Henry VIII's Mistresses and Bastards
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in 1545. His mother was Jane Pollard, daughter of Sir
580:, Lord Burghley, received intelligence that certain "
256:
His military talents brought him to the attention of
1176:. London: New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. pp.
379:
Plantations of Ireland#Early plantations (1556–1576)
879:
1107:
384:Undeterred by this failure, Stucley was appointed
604:, with 5,000 musketeers under Stucley's command.
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837:He married first Anne Curtis who bore him a son
332:In the style of princes, to our dearest sister.
1250:Illegitimate children of Henry VIII of England
186:in Devon, head of an ancient gentry family, a
801:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
337:Stucley then devised a plan for a colony in
1215:English military personnel killed in action
1101:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
951:
866:Voyage Drama and Gender Politics, 1589-1642
805:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
785:Transactions of the Devonshire Association
616:. In sum, Stucley's ranks rose to 4,000.
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
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773:Vivian 1895, p. 721, pedigree of Stucley
108:
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50:This article includes a list of general
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274:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
14:
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750:British Biographical Archive: Series 2
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253:, where he served in the French army.
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1033:Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters
852:
1105:
623:in March 1578. In April, he reached
247:Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
231:Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
36:
1052:The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland
1039:Calendar of State Papers: Carew MSS
868:, Manchester University Press, 2003
767:
158:and a rebel against the Protestant
105:Portrait of Stukley by Antoinis Mor
24:
1143:
458:Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
361:of Ireland, Sir Thomas Radclyffe,
245:, and then entered the service of
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1271:
1045:Calendar of State Papers: Ireland
612:garrison at the beginning of the
293:Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
1098:Dictionary of National Biography
987:
619:Stucley sailed for Ireland from
316:Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
41:
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1230:People from Mid Devon District
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544:, who aspired to make his son
13:
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1240:16th-century English soldiers
1235:People of Elizabethan Ireland
1079:(1950; reprint London, 1996)
838:
722:
264:to his supposed half-brother
229:Stucley's early mentors were
203:
137:
1245:16th-century Roman Catholics
1156:The Mistresses of Henry VIII
1110:The Mistresses of Henry VIII
489:James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald
170:He was a younger son of Sir
7:
1041:6 vols (London, 1867–1873).
1028:3 vols. (London, 1885–1890)
961:The school of Shakspere ...
216:Justice of the Common Pleas
147:before being killed at the
129:("beautifully and bravely")
10:
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980:
640:King Sebastian of Portugal
352:
218:, and his wife Anne Hext.
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1021:v.II pp. 461 et seq.
958:Simpson, Richard (1878).
916:, vol II, pp. 461 et seq.
668:
560:intention was to deliver
224:
165:
1168:Jones, Philippa (2009).
1026:Ireland under the Tudors
614:Second Desmond Rebellion
411:
258:Henri III de Montmorency
149:Battle of Alcácer Quibir
30:For the politician, see
1092:"Stucley, Thomas"
1010:Encyclopædia Britannica
711:in his introduction to
554:
212:manor of King's Nympton
71:more precise citations.
1077:Elizabeth's Irish Wars
1019:The History of Ireland
914:The History of Ireland
653:The Jesuit polemicist
437:Spanish court as the "
130:
127:Bellement et Hardiment
106:
1031:John O'Donovan (ed.)
828:Hart 2009, pp. 75–77.
713:The Battle of Alcazar
705:School of Shakespeare
301:Battle of St. Quentin
119:Azure, three pears or
112:
104:
1260:Deaths by cannonball
1158:by Kelly Hart (2009)
1133:Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.
1106:Hart, Kelly (2009).
562:Mary, Queen of Scots
485:Archbishop of Cashel
266:Edward VI of England
1225:English mercenaries
1152:by John Izon (1956)
753:. K.G. Saur. 1991.
588:Invasion expedition
546:Giacomo Boncompagni
508:Spanish Inquisition
477:Regnans in Excelsis
182:, in the parish of
151:in 1578. He was a
113:Arms of Stucley of
32:Thomas Stucley (MP)
1164:by Charles Edelman
1056:Kingdom and Colony
538:Philip II of Spain
504:Francis Walsingham
418:Philip II of Spain
285:soldier of fortune
262:Henry II of France
188:Knight of the Body
131:
107:
1187:978-1-84773-429-7
1125:978-0-7524-4835-0
1116:The History Press
1024:Richard Bagwell,
964:Chatto and Windus
736:Debrett's Peerage
582:decayed gentlemen
515:Battle of Lepanto
465:Mary I of England
328:In what language?
312:Mary I of England
297:Sir Thomas Curtis
145:Battle of Lepanto
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16:(Redirected from
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1005:Stucley, Thomas
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