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506:, who was killed by the commander when he boarded a Tripolitan ship that had pretended to be surrendering. After catching up with and pulling alongside the ship involved, Decatur was the first to board the enemy vessel with Midshipman Macdonough at his heels along with nine volunteer crew members. Decatur, Macdonough and the rest of the crew were outnumbered 5 to 1 but were determined, organized and kept their form, fighting furiously side by side, killing the commander and most of the crew along with capturing the Tripolitan ship.
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the victory. He forced the
British to engage at a disadvantage by his excellent choice of position; and he prepared beforehand for every possible contingency. His personal prowess had already been shown at the cost of the rovers of Tripoli, and in this action he helped fight the guns as ably as the best sailor. His skill, seamanship, quick eye, readiness of resource, and indomitable pluck, are beyond all praise. Down to the time of the Civil War he is the greatest figure in our naval history.
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705:, each carrying ten guns with a crew of fifty. On June 3, 1813, the two vessels were pursuing a British gunboat but were caught up in a strong current that prevented them from maintaining their heading and position, giving the advantage to British forces, resulting in their capture. The loss of the two and only American vessels on the lake gave undisputed control of this strategic waterway to the British. This prompted Macdonough to begin the construction of the
812:. The city was held by General Macomb with less than 2,000 regular troops, with the support of the New York militia, under the command of General Mooers and the Vermont volunteers, under the command of General Strong. However, Prevost who had arrived in earnest was yet aware of enemy strength and positions and refused to march on the city itself without adequate naval support to divert the American forces. A squadron under the command of Commodore
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750:, preventing the American forces' passage north and to the sea. For one hour, Commander Pring maintained a heavy fire. However, Macdonough had learned of the attack beforehand from his observers on land and had prepared a defense in anticipation of this likely event. Using the guns of his ships, he had them landed on shore at the mouth of Otter Creek. Macdonough constructed an
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had assembled near
Montreal at the Canada–US border. Many of these soldiers were well-trained, regular troops who served under Wellington, already battle hardened from their recent defeat of Napoleon in Europe. Macdonough had little naval combat experience. His service in the Barbary wars was limited
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With the repeal of the
Embargo Act, the role of the navy became less active, with a fifth of its officers away on furlough at half pay. Macdonough remained in Middleton for only eight months before requesting a furlough in June 1810. From 1810 to 1812, Macdonough took a leave of absence for two years
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in
Aboukir Bay on August 1, 1798. A study of Nelson's battles was part of the professional knowledge expected of naval commanders. But Macdonough did all that Brueys did not. He expected to take advantage of the prevailing winds on Lake Champlain that constrained Downie's axis of approach. "Because
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In 1814 the ice covering Lake
Champlain, which usually lasted well into May, began melting and breaking up early in April. Macdonough feared that the British, who he assumed by now knew of the ship construction going on there, would use the opportunity to capture or destroy the vessels being built.
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Macdonough in this battle won a higher fame than any other commander of the war, British or
American. He had a decidedly superior force to contend against, the officers and men of the two sides being about on a par in every respect; and it was solely owing to his foresight and resource that we won
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I have much satisfaction in making you acquainted with the humane treatment the wounded have received from
Commodore Macdonough; they were immediately removed to his own hospital on Crab Island, and furnished with every requisite. His generous and polite attention to myself, the officers, and men,
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On
September 11, Downie's forces departed from Isle-aux-Noix and sailed southward along the Richelieu River into Lake Champlain. Upon encountering Macdonough's squadron waiting in Plattsburgh harbor, Downie immediately attacked, achieving the upper hand early in the battle, largely because of the
631:, Macdonough returned to active service just prior to the outbreak of the war in June 1812. The ship at this time was being outfitted and supplied in Washington, DC, for its next mission, but was still months away from being ready. Moreover, it did not escape from the British blockade at the
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Macdonough was a tall, dignified man with a commanding character which suited him well for military service. He was a devoutly religious man of
Episcopal faith, as were his parents and greater family. He was known to adhere to a set of steadfast principles in his personal and military life.
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sailed southward into the open lake to engage the
American squadron commanded by Macdonough. In anticipation of the British squadron, Macdonough strategically positioned and anchored his ships a short distance off shore from Plattsburgh and made further preparations for Downie's advance.
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victory as "a most notable feat, one which, on the whole, surpassed that of any other captain of either navy in this war." Clowes echoed Roosevelt's view, "The British sailors on the lakes were as good as our own, but no better. None of their commanders compare with Macdonough."
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then set sail for the West Indies. During operations there she captured three French merchant ships between May and September. When hostilities between the United States and France had finally ended the following year on October 20, 1801, Macdonough was assigned to
1016:. The day before his death, in the presence of Dr. Turk, Macdonough drew up and signed a will leaving a small sum of money to his servant, his wife having died several months beforehand. On November 10, 1825, Thomas Macdonough died aboard ship while it was passing
804:. He had yet to experience a ship-to-ship action, being on a vessel that was receiving broadsides, surrounded by dead and wounded men. Regardless of this lack in experience, Macdonough well understood that defending and holding Plattsburgh, thus not allowing
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in Vergennes, Vermont to commemorate the building of the USS Saratoga and other ships at Otter Creek that were used in the Battle of Plattsburgh. Vergennes Union High School's mascot is the Commodores, and their gym is called the Commodore Thomas Macdonough
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MacDonough Street in the Stuyvesant Heights section of Brooklyn, New York is named after Thomas Macdonough. MacDonough Street runs parallel to Decatur Street, one block away, named after Stephen Decatur, with whom Macdonough served during the Barbary
674:. The impatient Smith sailed into British waters, an action which was contrary to his orders, and at once found himself overpowered by the British squadron. After enduring four hours of battle, Smith was finally forced into surrendering.
828:. As the battle unfolded, the British squadron incurred considerable damage from close-range cannon fire. In the process an American cannon shot blasted a British cannon off its mount, crushing and killing Downie. Through use of
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Upon wresting control of Lake Champlain from the British, Macdonough's victory forced the British forces to retire to Canada, the actions of which left no grounds for any claims by the British for any territory when the
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at this time. He was also awarded by the State of New York a thousand acres of land in Cayuga county, with another hundred acres awarded to him from the State of Vermont, making the once modest commodore a wealthy man.
742:, whose forces were based at Isle Aux Noix in upper Lake Champlain, didn't complete the 65-mile journey to Otter Creek until May 14. Upon arrival, Pring situated his squadron in the lake just off Otter Creek with eight
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Before joining the Navy, Thomas, Jr., for unknown reasons, changed the spelling of his last name from "McDonough" to "Macdonough. On May 27, 1800, at the age of sixteen, Macdonough secured a warrant and served as a
132:
566:, but later requested reassignment. Macdonough returned to Middletown, Connecticut, and was placed in charge of the several gunboats there. In Middletown Macdonough met his future wife, Ann Shaler.
1156:, during the Wilkes Expedition of 1838–1842, named the island in honor of Macdonough in tribute to his victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh (aka Battle of Lake Champlain) that ended the War of 1812.
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The New York State University of New York located at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, N.Y. has a dormitory with the name Macdonough Hall; the hall being the oldest dormitory, and the initial dorm building.
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troops to be surrounded by British forces on land and water, was vital to winning the war. On September 3, Prevost's army crossed the border and marched into northern New York State, advancing on
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In October 1814 a fort was constructed on Westport Island, Maine near Clough Point and named after Thomas MacDonough (McDonough) the fort was actiive till the end of the war of 1812.
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that is located across from City Hall in Plattsburgh, N.Y. known as the Macdonough Monument which honors the victory of American soldiers and sailors in the Battle of Plattsburgh.
973:, bearing 74 guns under construction in New York harbor. From 1818 to 1823 Macdonough served as her captain. In the fall of 1822 Macdonough toured western New York State visiting
318:. He received a contemporary education here but it remains uncertain if he attended any sort of formal schools or was taught by family members or a tutor. He was a major in the
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was able to swing his ship around the undamaged side of the British flagship, gaining firepower superiority over the British squadron. As the poorly and hurriedly equipped
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Taking leave from his assignment at Lake Champlain, Macdonough married Lucy Anne Shaler on December 12, 1812, at the Christ Church in Middletown by Bishop Abraham Jarvis.
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convened on December 24. For his success in forcing the retreat of Prevost into Canada, Macdonough was duly promoted to the rank of captain. He was also awarded the
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2228:
The Naval War of 1812, Or The History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain to Which Is Appended an Account of the Battle of New Orleans
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he received a thorough education from Murray in seamanship, navigation, gunnery, and other nautical sciences towards improving his service as a junior officer.
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in 1824. However, his health continued to worsen. On October 14, 1825, Macdonough had to relieve himself of his command. On October 14 he turned command of
1131:, water polo, and gymnastics programs, as well as housing a gymnasium, racquetball courts, a swimming pool, and recreational weight rooms for Midshipmen.
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ran aground and was consequently captured by the Tripolitans, Macdonough had gone ashore on leave. He was reassigned on October 31 to the 12-gun sloop
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The annual Commodore Macdonough sailboat race (a nonstop 74-nautical-mile (137 km) overnight event sponsored by the Lake Champlain Yacht Club of
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nearly every circumstance that worked to Nelson's advantage proved disadvantageous to Downie, the Battle of Lake Champlain is sometimes called the
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over the winter. As Macdonough had predicted, British forces attempted to navigate the lake. Because of unfavorable winds, the British commander
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back to Isle Aux Noix in Canadian waters by autumn. With the way now clear, Macdonough's squadron sailed out of Otter Creek and made its way to
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271:. He was the sixth child from a family of ten siblings and was raised in the countryside. He entered naval life at an early age, receiving a
1027:. He was laid to rest alongside his wife Ann Shaler, a lady of a prominent family in Middletown, she having died just a few months earlier.
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is named for Macdonough. It runs parallel to streets named after other Barbary War/War of 1812 naval Heroes: Bainbridge Street, named for
552:, Macdonough served patrolling waters near Great Britain and various points in the Mediterranean. He returned to America and enforced the
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and Thomas Macdonough (right) appearing on the two-cent denomination, were among the few chosen to appear in this commemorative series.
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499:, Macdonough's familiarity made his role in the operation a crucial one. For his heroic actions he was promoted to acting lieutenant.
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Both commanders would have seen the parallels of Macdonough's anchorage on Lake Champlain to that of the French under Vice Admiral
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with its inexperienced crew attempted the same tactic, Macdonough seized the opportunity and fired a broadside, severely damaging
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all proved vital to the naval effort on the lakes that was largely responsible for preserving American territory during that war.
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Having learned of Macdonough's ship building activity, the British constructed a heavily armed brig and five large gunboats at
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but he still remained on duty for as long as possible. After returning to America later in the year, he was given command of
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330:. He was of the Protestant faith and succeeding generations were connected with the Episcopal Church in the United States,
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McDonough, NY and East McDonough, NY, and the greater Town of McDonough, Chenango County, NY are named after the war hero.
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as a clerk upon the return of his brother James, who lost a leg in a naval battle with a French vessel in 1799 during the
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at Tripoli, he was a member of "Preble's Boys", a select group of U.S. naval officers who served under the command of
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Requesting transfer to a more active front, Macdonough was assigned the command of a squadron of gunboats defending
1955:
The pictorial book of the commodores: comprising lives of distinguished commanders in the navy of the United States
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to the Court of St. Petersburg in Russia stopping in ports in England, Elsineur and Copenhagen along the way.
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at Gibraltar. Intending to return to New York, Macdonough departed the Mediterranean in the merchant brig
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After the battle, Macdonough returned to the British officers their swords. Captain Pring wrote:
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from action, the American forces captured or destroyed the remaining larger ships in the squadron.
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After submitting several requests for active sea duty, Macdonough received command of the 44-gun
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Major Thomas Macdonough Sr., Captain Thomas Macdonough's father, lived at a farm referred to as "
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762:, where it anchored just off shore in anticipation of the next and inevitable British advance.
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Macdonough also accompanied Decatur when they hunted down the murderer of Decatur's brother,
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American naval forces were very small, allowing the British to make many advances into the
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into the harbor of Tripoli. On February 6, 1804, they succeeded in burning and destroying
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322:. Macdonough's great-grandfather, also named Thomas Macdonough, lived in Ireland in the
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450:. This was the same ship that his brother James had served on a few years earlier.
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267:. He was the son of a revolutionary officer, Thomas Macdonough, Sr. who lived near
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1953:
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642:. His stay there was brief when he received new orders from Secretary of the Navy
294:, commanding the American naval forces that overpowered a British squadron at the
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in January 1802, Macdonough served with distinction in naval operations against
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2149:. Da Capo Press, in arrangement with University of Florida Press. p. 496.
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2123:. C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1846 – Biography & Autobiography – 443 pages.
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By late August 1814, approximately 10,000 British troops under the command of
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After winning promotion to Lieutenant for his participation in the raid on
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When the war began in 1812, there were only two American naval vessels on
542:. In January 1806, Macdonough was promoted to a commission of Lieutenant.
2091:
The medallic history of the United States of America, 1776–1876, Volume 1
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264:
201:
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730:, a schooner, was being converted to a warship carrying seventeen guns.
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on July 1, 1815. In command there for three years, he returned to the
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with France. Shortly after, Macdonough requested a commission with the
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Macdonough's body was returned to the United States and was buried in
323:
2120:
Life of Stephen Decatur: A Commodore in the Navy of the United States
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honoring the U.S. Navy and various naval heroes in American history.
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605:
468:. Macdonough was aboard this ship when it captured the Moroccan ship
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184:
81:
2288:
Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence
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670:, to guard against British advances at the Canada–US border at the
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with the assistance of Senator Latimer from the state of Delaware.
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1900:
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to command U.S. naval forces in Lake Champlain in October 1812.
1281:
Bibliography of early American naval history: Thomas Macdonough
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776:
656:
On June 2, 1813, Macdonough sent Lieutenant Sidney Smith with
423:
538:, he then supervised the construction of several gunboats in
2242:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 245.
2217:(First ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
2188:
Thomas Macdonough: Master of Command in the Early U.S. Navy
519:
30:
1286:
Bibliography of early American naval history: War of 1812
682:
On July 24, 1813, Macdonough was promoted to the rank of
2049:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 637.
1114:) has been held on the lake every September since 1968.
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and several gunboats at the shipyard in Otter Creek at
314:" (also spelled 'Trapp'), in the county of New Castle,
2321:
Commodore Thomas Macdonough – Delmarva Heritage Series
2131:
A history of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1893
2002:. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. p. 636.
1882:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
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to gunboat actions and the capture and destruction of
2191:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 257.
2038:. Albany NY: The University of the State of New York.
2023:. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp.
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American military personnel of the First Barbary War
1979:
This People's Navy: The Making of American Sea Power
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Confiance and forcing its surrender. Having removed
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Thomas Macdonough Jr. was born in a small town near
1152:(formerly known as Macdonough Island), Washington.
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2170:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 701.
1291:List of sailing frigates of the United States Navy
1141:In 1925, a Macdonough Monument was erected in the
869:" by British sources. The British naval historian
1162:is named after Thomas Macdonough, its seat being
556:, and the Atlantic blockade, from 1807 and 1808.
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2231:(Tenth ed.). New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
2134:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. pp.
754:with which he repelled the attack and drove the
2361:United States Navy personnel of the War of 1812
2283:
2113:
2102:Life of Commodore Thomas Macdonough, U. S. Navy
1947:. Harper & Brothers, New York. p. 263.
1099:, the U.S. Post Office issued a series of five
821:great firepower of the 36-gun British flagship
2070:. L. C. Page & Company, Inc. p. 444.
255:(December 31, 1783 – November 10, 1825) was a
2094:. Published by Author, New York. p. 488.
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977:and then battling the rapids sailed down the
886:will ever hereafter be gratefully remembered.
559:In 1809, he served with Captain Smith aboard
37:"The Hero of Lake Champlain" (Gilbert Stuart)
2366:American military personnel of the Quasi-War
2239:Stephen Decatur: A Life Most Bold and Daring
2105:. Boston, MA: The Fort Hill Press. pp.
387:Under the command of Captain John Mullowny,
2308:The Proudest Day: Victory on Lake Champlain
1885:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
1246:Other notable naval commanders of the time
487:. Macdonough volunteered to join Decatur's
302:, which helped lead to an end to that war.
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677:
407:was about to embark on its mission in the
29:
2035:The Centenary of the Battle of Plattsburg
2167:Historical Dictionary of the War of 1812
1958:. New York: Nafis and Cornish. pp.
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663:, along with Sailing Master Loomis with
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2346:People from New Castle County, Delaware
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940:in 1818 and was appointed commander of
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1930:The Naval History of the United States
1901:"National Register Information System"
1808:
1796:
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1407:
1371:
958:In April Macdonough was stricken with
600:. The roles played by commanders like
518:, Macdonough served aboard the 18-gun
290:. Macdonough achieved fame during the
16:United States Navy officer (1783–1825)
1571:
1134:There is a 135-foot-tall (41 m)
2376:19th-century American naval officers
1906:National Register of Historic Places
1893:
1868:Commodore Thomas Macdonough Monument
1849:. Smithsonian National Postal Museum
1728:
1231:National Register of Historic Places
856:, opposing British Rear Admiral Sir
457:selected Macdonough to serve aboard
418:
2371:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
1401:
1260:Commodore Stephen Decatur
724:. While construction was underway,
472:on August 26, 1803. Shortly before
341:, in his honor. He was employed in
259:officer noted for his roles in the
13:
2386:Commanders of the USS Constitution
2292:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2257:
1933:. New York: Peter Fenelon Collier.
1306:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
1264:Commodore John Hazelwood
1195:, is named in honor of Macdonough.
376:class ship, converted over from a
14:
2397:
2314:
1296:History of the United States Navy
1177:are named in honor of Macdonough.
951:of 44 guns and later transported
464:, a 38-gun frigate, commanded by
399:, a 38-gun frigate. Commanded by
2351:American people of Irish descent
2017:Hill, Frederic Stanhope (1905).
1944:Naval actions of the War of 1812
1301:Naval tactics in the Age of Sail
1276:Admiral Horatio Nelson
1268:Admiral David Farragut
1063:U.S. postage, Navy Issue of 1937
509:
483:under the command of Lieutenant
1999:Encyclopedia of the War of 1812
1996:Heidler, David Stephen (2004).
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1169:Two elementary schools, one in
646:. Macdonough was reassigned to
234:Thomas Macdonough, Sr. (father)
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2128:Maclay, Edgar Stanton (1894).
2067:Famous American Naval Officers
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1272:Admiral Richard Howe
1256:Commodore John Barry
1227:Comdr. Thomas MacDonough House
577:
35:Captain Thomas Macdonough, USN
1:
2185:Skaggs, David Curtis (2003).
1311:
1214:; Lawrence Street, named for
909:
305:
2115:MacKenzie, Alexander Slidell
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1995:
1844:
1673:
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1218:and Perry Street, named for
1206:; Decatur Street, named for
574:that was en route to India.
570:as the captain of a British
528:, the same vessel assisting
7:
2235:
2213:(1960). "The War of 1812".
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2184:
2127:
2099:Macdonough, Rodney (1909).
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2064:Lewis, Charles Lee (1924).
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1927:Abbot, Willis John (1886).
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1125:United States Naval Academy
832:, Macdonough in command of
545:As commander of the 18-gun
60:New Castle County, Delaware
10:
2402:
2278:American Heritage, Vol. 15
2215:Sea Power: A Naval History
2164:Malcomson, Robert (1991).
2142:
1977:Hagan, Kenneth J. (1992).
1976:
1951:
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1494:
1419:
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1160:McDonough County, Illinois
1095:In 1937, at the urging of
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581:
411:sea. While serving aboard
380:vessel and outfitted as a
241:Augustus Rodney Macdonough
237:James Macdonough (brother)
2274:Victory on Lake Champlain
2032:Holden, James A. (1914).
2020:Twenty-six historic ships
2016:
1252:John Paul Jones
1210:; Hull Street, named for
1127:, is home to the boxing,
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616:and Thomas Macdonough at
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152:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
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2284:Langguth, A. J. (2006).
2236:Tucker, Spencer (2004).
2086:Loubat, Joseph Florimond
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1254: •
1123:Macdonough Hall, at the
1075:Theodore Roosevelt, 1882
903:Congressional Gold Medal
830:anchor and cable tactics
588:At the beginning of the
495:. Having just served on
453:In 1803, Navy Secretary
337:, which later was named
296:Battle of Lake Champlain
275:at the age of sixteen.
222:Congressional Gold Medal
207:Battle of Lake Champlain
195:Battle of Tripoli Harbor
2143:Mahon, John H. (1972).
1879:Gannett, Henry (1905).
1847:"Army & Navy Issue"
1698:Potter and Nimitz, 1960
1175:Middletown, Connecticut
1025:Middletown, Connecticut
678:Lake Champlain Campaign
540:Middletown, Connecticut
273:midshipman's commission
146:Lake Champlain squadron
93:Middletown, Connecticut
2381:People who died at sea
2046:1812: War with America
1085:ships have been named
1078:
1065:
1047:
938:Mediterranean Squadron
925:
899:Ghent peace conference
894:
873:regarded Macdonough's
792:
596:and northern New York
534:at Tripoli. Assisting
435:
326:district not far from
253:Thomas Macdonough, Jr.
2043:Latimer, Jon (2007).
1911:National Park Service
1193:Henry County, Georgia
1171:St. Georges, Delaware
1097:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1067:
1053:
1038:
917:
883:
779:
772:Battle of Plattsburgh
766:Battle of Plattsburgh
760:Plattsburgh, New York
426:
300:Battle of Plattsburgh
298:, part of the larger
121:Years of service
1952:Frost, John (1845).
1762:Hickey, 1989 p. 193.
1495:Abbot, W. John, 1886
1198:McDonough Street in
934:Portsmouth Navy Yard
928:Macdonough relieved
871:William Laird Clowes
854:Francois-Paul Brueys
339:MacDonough, Delaware
269:Middletown, Delaware
124:1800–1810; 1812–1825
2306:Muller, Charles G.
2265:Guns over Champlain
2223:Roosevelt, Theodore
1845:Trotter, Gordon T.
1220:Oliver Hazard Perry
1200:Montgomery, Alabama
1007:Daniel T. Patterson
648:Burlington, Vermont
602:Oliver Hazard Perry
2211:Nimitz, Chester W.
1229:was listed on the
1204:William Bainbridge
1112:Shelburne, Vermont
1066:
1048:
979:St. Lawrence River
953:Hon. G.W. Campbell
932:of command of the
926:
862:Battle of the Nile
793:
722:Vergennes, Vermont
466:William Bainbridge
436:
432:John Wesley Jarvis
365:aboard the 24-gun
351:United States Navy
257:United States Navy
115:United States Navy
76:At sea aboard USS
2310:, New York, 1960.
2267:(1948) – New York
2177:978-0-8108-6516-7
2056:978-0-674-02584-4
1988:978-0-02-913471-9
788:(right) engaging
752:artillery battery
684:master commandant
448:First Barbary War
428:Thomas Macdonough
419:First Barbary War
288:First Barbary War
261:First Barbary War
250:
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190:First Barbary War
70:November 10, 1825
53:December 30, 1783
23:Thomas Macdonough
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971:ship of the line
892:
806:General Macomb's
629:First Lieutenant
623:Assigned to USS
401:Alexander Murray
320:Continental Army
284:Commodore Preble
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736:'Isle Aux Noix'
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640:Portland, Maine
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485:Stephen Decatur
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858:Horatio Nelson
797:George Prevost
770:Main article:
767:
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714:and new sloop
691:Lake Champlain
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1998:
1978:
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1943:
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1921:Bibliography
1904:
1895:
1881:
1874:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1840:
1833:Skaggs, 2006
1828:
1821:Skaggs, 2003
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1757:
1745:
1718:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1638:Maclay, 1894
1633:
1626:Holden, 1914
1621:
1614:Skaggs, 2006
1609:
1602:Maclay, 1894
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
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1542:Skaggs, 2006
1537:
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1506:Skaggs, 2006
1501:
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1471:Skaggs, 2006
1466:
1444:Skaggs, 2006
1439:
1432:Skaggs, 2006
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1384:Skaggs, 2006
1379:
1367:
1360:Skaggs, 2006
1355:
1348:Barnes, 1896
1343:
1336:Skaggs, 2006
1331:
1319:
1247:
1088:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1022:
1012:
1003:Constitution
1002:
998:Constitution
997:
990:
965:
960:tuberculosis
957:
943:
927:
921:Constitution
920:
895:
884:
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851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
824:
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802:Philadelphia
801:
794:
789:
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740:Daniel Pring
732:
726:
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710:
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695:
688:
681:
666:
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637:
635:until 1814.
624:
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614:Lake Ontario
587:
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516:Philadelphia
515:
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497:Philadelphia
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493:Philadelphia
492:
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474:Philadelphia
473:
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461:Philadelphia
460:
455:Robert Smith
452:
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388:
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359:
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332:
309:
277:
252:
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178:Battles/wars
168:Constitution
167:
159:
150:Commandant,
77:
72:(1825-11-10)
2341:1825 deaths
2336:1783 births
1785:Lewis, 1924
1750:Lewis, 1924
1676:pp.160, 290
1662:Lewis, 1924
1420:Frost, 1845
1396:Frost, 1845
1324:Lewis, 1924
1189:county seat
1173:and one in
810:Plattsburgh
784:(left) and
727:Ticonderoga
594:Great Lakes
590:War of 1812
584:War of 1812
578:War of 1812
572:merchantman
554:Embargo Act
446:during the
378:merchantman
324:Salmon Leap
292:War of 1812
286:during the
265:War of 1812
202:War of 1812
2330:Categories
1811:pp.249-251
1752:pp.191-184
1709:Quoted in
1578:Mahon 1909
1422:pp.293-294
1312:References
1212:Isaac Hull
1143:city green
1089:Macdonough
1060:Macdonough
1043:Macdonough
1039:The first
930:Isaac Hull
910:Later days
875:False Nile
867:False Nile
790:Confiance.
756:Royal Navy
748:bomb sloop
536:Isaac Hull
480:Enterprise
382:man-of-war
363:midshipman
343:Middletown
306:Early life
101:Allegiance
49:1783-12-30
2225:(1889) .
1853:April 19,
1604:pp. 26–28
1580:, p. 320.
1185:McDonough
1146:Gymnasium
1087:USS
1083:U.S. Navy
1018:Gibraltar
1011:USS
996:USS
964:USS
944:Guerriere
942:USS
919:USS
860:, at the
846:Confiance
840:Confiance
825:Confiance
823:HMS
665:USS
658:USS
606:Lake Erie
598:waterways
561:USS
547:USS
523:USS
478:USS
459:USS
394:USS
367:USS
347:Quasi-War
228:Relations
185:Quasi War
166:USS
160:Guerriere
158:USS
82:Gibraltar
2117:(1846).
2088:(1881).
1941:(1896).
1775:pp.30-31
1640:pp.26-28
1628:, p. 20.
1485:pp.67-68
1434:pp.22-30
1338:pp.62-64
1241:See also
1233:in 1978.
1081:Several
1073:—
1056:Decatur
987:batteaux
889:—
835:Saratoga
782:Saratoga
711:Saratoga
707:corvette
644:Hamilton
531:Intrepid
374:corvette
316:Delaware
312:The Trap
263:and the
139:Commands
109:Service/
56:The Trap
2280:, 1963.
1713:, p. 88
1700:p. 221.
1136:obelisk
993:frigate
949:frigate
744:galleys
696:Growler
660:Growler
470:Mirboka
444:Tripoli
438:Aboard
154:1815‑18
133:Captain
80:, near
2296:
2246:
2195:
2174:
2153:
2074:
2053:
2006:
1985:
1966:
1508:, p.53
1362:pp.128
1350:pp.209
1250:
1187:, the
1164:Macomb
1045:, 1900
1031:Legacy
983:Quebec
746:and a
389:Ganges
369:Ganges
335:Odessa
328:Dublin
218:Awards
111:branch
95:, U.S.
62:, U.S.
1835:p.201
1823:p.xix
1787:p.129
1740:p.398
1725:p.280
1711:Hagan
1688:p.149
1664:p.175
1652:p.376
1616:p.123
1592:p.404
1568:p.150
1556:p.269
1532:p.312
1461:p.311
1410:p.11.
1398:p.304
1326:p.163
1013:Edwin
985:in a
786:Eagle
717:Eagle
702:Eagle
667:Eagle
627:, as
563:Essex
525:Syren
243:(son)
78:Edwin
2294:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2193:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2151:ISBN
2072:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1855:2012
1799:p.32
1544:p.56
1520:p.45
1473:p.41
1446:p.39
1386:p.27
1374:p.11
1225:The
1181:War.
1041:USS
966:Ohio
947:, a
699:and
608:and
549:Wasp
520:brig
372:, a
129:Rank
67:Died
43:Born
2136:647
2107:303
2025:515
1960:432
1887:193
1191:of
981:to
612:at
604:at
2332::
2276:,
2209:;
1962:.
1909:.
1903:.
1730:^
1451:^
1058:~
1020:.
969:a
693:,
686:.
403:,
384:.
58:,
2302:.
2252:.
2201:.
2180:.
2159:.
2138:.
2109:.
2080:.
2059:.
2027:.
2012:.
1991:.
1972:.
1889:.
1857:.
1248::
1222:.
1166:.
51:)
47:(
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