234:, the material making up a catheter, and latex, the type of glove used, was not available. Fogarty's own take on the catheter came about because of fishing techniques he learned as a child. Precise hand-tying was needed in fly-fishing, and with these techniques, he tied the balloon to the catheter. "I'd always tied flies and made lures so it was just a natural thing." His experimental balloon catheter, however, always seemed to burst when it was over inflated. It even broke when he dragged it through glass tubes filled with
363:âWe are teaching people (doctors and engineers) how to get their concepts and products into use. Very few have gone through the process of coming up with a concept and getting it funded. That does not come naturally. It comes through experience. We will teach how to address these challenges.â Physician innovators, including Fogarty, serve as the faculty of the Institute and make use of their networks and experiences in the private industry to help those with projects that are ready for
155:, beginning with cleaning medical equipment while he was in the eighth grade at school. He continued working during his high school summer vacations and was soon promoted to scrub technician, a person who handed medical instruments to surgeons â he witnessed his first surgery at a young age. It was during this time that he first met Dr. Jack Cranley, who would have a major influence on Fogarty's future career.
383:. He established a cellar there and began making wine with grapes bought from nearby growers. With help from founding winemaker Michael Martella, he planted his first vines in 1978 and set up a commercial winery, Thomas Fogarty Winery and Vineyards, in 1981, largely in order to share a business with his family. The estate now has thirty acres under vine, which are farmed organically.
289:). The old method was to remove the bad part of a weakened blood vessel, but Fogarty's idea was to support it with an implant. He used a stent, a thin polyester tube that grabs onto the blood vessels. A catheter transports the stent to the weakened blood vessel, and once the balloon is inflated, the stent expands to the size of the blood vessel, and blood flows normally.
141:. "I just had a natural inclination and inquisitive nature about building things. I looked at things and just naturally thought, 'Okay, how can I make this better?'" His business side was evident in childhood as well. The model airplanes that he built were sold to neighborhood kids. When he became frustrated with motor scooter gears, he built and sold a
238:, a model he thought simulated a clot within an artery. After some time, he figured out the type and thickness of rubber that was firm enough when inflated to extract a clot and still flexible enough to move through without breaking. The device, made before Fogarty even received his MD from University of Cincinnati in 1960, became the first
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Fogarty, however, came across difficulties in getting a manufacturer to produce it. From 1959 to 1961, nobody was willing to help. "Companies thought I was some stooge fooling around. I didn't have any credibility." Dr. Cranley continued to encourage him, and soon, during his fellowship training at
339:
As a pioneer and supporter of innovation in medical technology, Fogarty has acquired over 160 patents for his medical work. He is associated with numerous medical technology companies and was appointed as an independent director to the Board of Pulse
Biosciences in 2017. He is managing director of
214:
and a balloon in his attic. Because a catheter only required a small incision, it would be able to get to the clot without much trauma to the patient. The urethral catheter is also flexible yet strong enough to be pushed through a blood clot. As for the balloon, he basically cut off the tip of the
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Because of the decreased risk associated with the device, Fogarty's balloon catheter became the industry standard and remains the most widely used catheter for blood-clot removal. Before his invention the success rate for removing an embolus, or blood clot, was forty to fifty percent. The balloon
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During his last year of high school, Fogarty discovered that he wanted to be a doctor. At the age of 17, he quit his boxing career after he broke his nose in a match that ended in a draw. A family priest gave him a recommendation, and because of his awful grades, he was admitted to
Cincinnati's
386:
The winery is run today by Tom
Fogarty, Jr and the Fogarty family with production overseen by Winegrower Nathan Kandler. The younger Fogarty is widely credited for introducing a line of kosher-for-Passover sweet wines to the Portola Valley winemaking region. It has become well known as a top
249:
At the
University of Oregon, while Fogarty was completing his residency in surgery, Dr. Al Starr, head of the cardiothoracic division, used Fogarty's balloon catheters. After he was informed that no company was willing to manufacture Fogarty's device, he asked one of his acquaintances, Lowell
303:
Fogarty's own inventions and the many others that resulted from his original embolectomy catheter heavily influenced the way surgery was performed. Considered one of the pioneers of minimally-invasive surgery, Fogarty has said: "I had no concept that would reach the magnitude that it has."
307:
As a result of the embolectomy catheter and other inventions, Dr. Fogarty has won many prizes, including the
Presidential National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the country's highest honor for achievement and leadership in advancing the fields of science and technology, in 2014; the
191:
During
Fogartyâs years at Good Samaritan Hospital, he witnessed the deaths of many patients who died from complications in blood clot surgeries in their limbs. âFifty percent of the patients died. I thought there must be a better way.â Before Fogarty's invention, surgeons had to use
167:
in the United States became his mentor. Speaking of
Cranley, Fogarty later stated: âI had a mentor who encouraged me and helped to persuade me to go to college⌠He had 10 kids and I became the 11th. He always told me, âYou are smarter than you think.ââ
328:
Fogarty founded
Fogarty Engineering, Inc. in 1980, to promote ideas for new medical devices, and has founded/co-founded and chaired the board for many business and research companies based on devices developed at the company.
360:. The educational, non-profit organization mentors and trains medical innovators. The idea for the institution dates back to Fogarty's early life when he received encouragement from Dr. Jack Cranley.
148:
Fogarty was not a good student, and his original career goal was to be a boxer. âI wasnât a very good kid. They sent me to a camp to keep me out of trouble. One of the routine activities was boxing."
207:
At home, the ideas that went through
Fogarty's head concerned different ways of making the procedure better, and he especially concentrated on avoiding the risky incisions. He tinkered with a
270:, for example, was performed with a Fogarty catheter in 1965, and has led to over six hundred fifty thousand such operations per year. Fogarty has also modified his catheter to less invasive
258:
catheter is now used in over three hundred thousand procedures every year all over the world, and is estimated to have saved the lives and limbs of approximately twenty million patients.
250:
Edwards, an electrical engineer and president of his own company, to give the device consideration in producing it. In 1969, Fogarty patented his device, and
Edwards Life Sciences from
292:
Fogarty's other inventions include Fogarty surgical clips and clamps, which are used by cardiac and vascular surgeons to temporarily occlude vessels during surgery. Working with
814:
133:
Fogarty cites his father's absence as being influential in his own creative nature as an inventor. He fixed things that needed to be fixed for his mother, and he worked with
316:
in 2015. He has published around 180 scientific articles and textbook chapters in the fields of general and cardiovascular surgery. He served as president of the
277:
After completing his residency and becoming a cardiovascular surgeon, Fogarty continued to invent new medical devices. One of his most successful products is the
678:
118:
for invention of the balloon catheter and devices that have revolutionized vascular surgery, and for creating companies to commercialize these inventions.
130:, on February 25, 1934. His father worked as a railroad engineer, but died when Fogarty was eight years old. He was born into an Irish-Catholic family.
356:, he founded the Thomas Fogarty Institute for Innovation. It occupies forty-five hundred square feet of offices and engineering labs on the campus of
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the University of Cincinnati in 1961 and 1962, Fogarty started to make the catheter system by hand for himself and for other vascular surgeons.
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Fogarty left Stanford Medical School after about fourteen years as a professor and practicing cardiovascular surgeon. In September 2007, at
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227:, and once it expands to the size of the artery, it is then retracted, withdrawing the clot through the artery and out the incision.
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379:, Fogarty was first introduced to wine. He helped out at a Stanford colleague's small winery. Later on, he purchased land in the
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The main problem in building this device was the way the balloon could be attached to the catheter. Glue that could hold
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for hours. Blood flow is usually interrupted in the procedure, increasing the risk of the patient losing a limb.
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Fogarty graduated from Xavier University with a bachelorâs degree in biology in 1956 and went on to attend the
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and attempted to incorporate it onto the end of the catheter. The resulting balloon could be inflated with
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679:"PATENTS; Two inventors honored for seminal work on the balloon catheter and wireless communications"
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282:
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651:"A Legend at Heart: Thomas Fogarty brings his inventive clout to El Camino Hopsital [sic]"
103:) is an American surgeon and medical device inventor. He is best known for the invention of the
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907:"Inventing the entrepreneurial university: Stanford and the evolution of Silicon Valley"
815:"Dr. Thomas J Fogarty Awarded Presidential National Medal of Technology and Innovation"
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Building Technology Transfer within Research Universities: An Entrepreneurial Approach
764:"Great inventions don't happen overnight: development of the Fogarty balloon catheter"
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175:, where he graduated summa cum laude in 1960. From 1960 to 1961, he interned at the
254:, was assigned the patent to begin manufacturing the Fogarty embolectomy catheter.
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Numerous sequel applications of Fogarty's catheter came about. The first balloon
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789:"Thomas J. Fogarty. 2012 National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Medicine"
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In 1993, with Mark Wan and Wilfred Jaeger, he founded Three Arch Partners, a
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Inventor of the Year, San Francisco Patent and Trademark Association, 1980
107:(or balloon catheter), which revolutionized the treatment of blood clots (
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To help his family get by in the late 1940s, Fogarty started working at
740:"Father of Invention. What's the master medical device maker's secret?"
580:
Brown, David E (2003). "Thomas Fogarty: balloon embolectomy catheter".
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International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery-North American Chapter
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856:"AdvaMed Honors Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty with Lifetime Achievement Award"
183:, and he completed his surgical residency at the same school in 1965.
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Fogarty, U.S. Patent 4,821,719, âCohesive-adhesive atraumatic clampâ
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552:"Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty Irish Roots | Irish American Museum of DC"
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Medical Design Excellence Awards Lifetime Achievement Award, 2012
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Fogarty, U.S. Patent 4,774,949, âDeflector guiding catheterâ
935:"Thomas J. Fogarty | The National Inventors Hall of Fame"
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Inventing Modern America: From the Microwave to the Mouse
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Hospital, Fogarty Institute for Innovation; El Camino.
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to remove the blood clots only after a huge part of an
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Fogarty, U.S. Patent 3,435,826, âEmbolectomy Catheterâ
959:"Thomas Fogarty, MD. Medical pioneer. Patent advocate"
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on probation. Jack Cranley, one of the most prominent
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Fogarty, U.S. Patent 4,643,194, âFlexible calibratorâ
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National Science & Technology Medals Foundation
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312:in 2012; and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the
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281:-Graft, which dealt with the difficult problem of
200:had been cut open, and the patient would be under
1034:Fogarty, U.S. Patent 3,880,166, âVessel Occluderâ
1009:"The Wine & Spirits top 100 wineries of 2014"
475:International Society of Endovascular Specialists
399:magazine as one of its top 100 wineries in 2014.
336:to invest in new technology and medical devices.
314:Advanced Medical Technology Association (AdvaMed)
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909:. In Allen, Thomas J.; O'Shea, Rory P. (eds.).
375:In 1969, when he began teaching surgery at the
427:AAMI Foundation Laufman-Greatbatch Prize, 2000
114:In 2008, Fogarty was elected a member of the
837:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
310:National Medal for Technology and Innovation
173:University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
913:. Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
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440:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
418:Honorary Doctorate, Xavier University, 1987
395:wines. Thomas Fogarty Winery was named by
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712:"Physician Inventors Pioneer New Devices"
458:American Association for Thoracic Surgery
16:American surgeon and inventor (born 1934)
588:. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp.
408:Distinguished Scientific Presentations,
860:Advanced Medical Technology Association
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617:"Thomas Fogarty | Lemelson-MIT Program"
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649:Writer, John Flood-Town Crier Staff.
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487:Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery
187:Invention of the embolectomy catheter
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371:Thomas Fogarty Winery and Vineyards
300:â the world's first porcine valve.
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177:University of Oregon Medical School
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484:Pacific Coast Surgical Association
377:Stanford University Medical Center
215:pinky finger of a size 5 surgical
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710:Brunk, Doug (November 15, 2006).
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503:Western Thoracic Surgical Society
963:Fogarty Institute for Innovation
448:Lifetime Achievement Award, 2015
348:Fogarty Institute for Innovation
285:(a term referring to a weakened
1087:21st-century American inventors
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762:Riggins, Christie (Fall 2000).
526:National Academy of Engineering
479:National Academy of Engineering
431:National Inventors Hall of Fame
324:Innovation and entrepreneurship
116:National Academy of Engineering
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677:Riordan, Teresa (2000-05-22).
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500:Society of Vascular Technology
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556:www.irishamericanmuseumdc.org
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468:American Surgical Association
531:National Academy of Sciences
496:Society for Vascular Surgery
491:Society of Thoracic Surgeons
462:American College of Surgeons
410:American College of Surgeons
387:producer of single-vineyard
318:Society for Vascular Surgery
99:(born February 25, 1934, in
7:
738:White, Tracie (Fall 2006).
344:Emergent Medical Partners.
296:, he is co-inventor of the
81:Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve
10:
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1082:American vascular surgeons
1077:Physicians from Cincinnati
298:Hancock tissue heart valve
283:abdominal aortic aneurysms
744:Stanford Medical Magazine
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354:Mountain View, California
340:early-stage life science
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988:Thomas J. Fogarty Winery
905:Lenoir, Timothy (2014).
882:"Thomas J. Fogarty M.D."
453:Affiliated organizations
412:, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981
122:Early life and education
521:"Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty"
153:Good Samaritan Hospital
23:Dr. Thomas J. Fogarty
655:Los Altos Town Crier
381:Santa Cruz Mountains
334:venture capital fund
126:Fogarty was born in
105:embolectomy catheter
320:from 1995 to 1996.
1015:. October 3, 2014.
1013:Wine & Spirits
819:www.prnewswire.com
683:The New York Times
422:Lemelson-MIT Prize
358:El Camino Hospital
252:Irvine, California
240:minimally invasive
202:general anesthesia
143:centrifugal clutch
862:. October 7, 2015
768:Stanford Medicine
365:commercialization
242:surgical device.
165:vascular surgeons
161:Xavier University
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39:February 25, 1934
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984:"Under Vine"
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76:Notable work
1067:1934 births
993:January 25,
968:January 25,
890:January 25,
866:January 25,
798:January 25,
342:accelerator
268:angioplasty
217:latex glove
53:Nationality
1061:Categories
944:2019-01-30
824:2023-04-26
721:2019-01-30
696:2019-01-30
660:2019-01-30
626:2019-01-30
561:2024-06-24
536:8 November
508:References
393:Chardonnay
389:Pinot Noir
69:winemaking
35:1934-02-25
885:Bloomberg
691:0362-4331
137:cars and
833:cite web
481:, Member
464:, Fellow
223:using a
212:catheter
209:urethral
65:inventor
56:American
446:AdvaMed
225:syringe
194:forceps
109:embolus
97:Fogarty
917:
689:
596:
442:, 2012
433:, 2001
424:, 2000
403:Awards
272:biopsy
236:Jell-o
221:saline
198:artery
592:â17.
279:Stent
232:vinyl
995:2019
970:2019
915:ISBN
892:2019
868:2019
839:link
800:2019
774:(3).
687:ISSN
594:ISBN
538:2021
391:and
29:Born
179:in
111:).
93:Tom
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