22:
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the title, which was considered to end with his death, as he had no heir. In any case Thomas was not the second son but the third. The second (Robert) had no heirs, either, which did not strengthen the case of the
Dempsters. They were forced to accept the end of their clan; that is, there were no further charters to Dempsters from the king, nor was anyone entitled to be called Baron Dempster or use the coat of arms. Modern Dempsters, of course, may do as they please in accordance with the laws of the countries in which they reside.
33:
1230:
453:) ... have embraced Thomas Dempster, a Scot, a man made for war and contention ... he allowed almost no day to go by empty of strife ... but that he should fight another by sword, or, if he had no sword, with fists ...." In the story, Dempster whips a student on the bare back for dueling, but the student, unable to bear the insult, brings in three relatives who happen to belong to the
457:, the king's own bodyguard. In response Dempster arms the other students, surrounds the guardsmen and puts them in chains in the bell tower. In the resulting inquiry, "such a storm arose" that Thomas departed for England. The story says distinctly that England was a "safe refuge", meaning between the lines that Catholic prosecutors could not extradite him or threaten him with agents.
788:, that 9 is a plausible figure. As it has been established by other documentation that Thomas was the third son, fourth child, and that his parents were married in 1568, allowing an interval of 18 months James arrives at 1574 or 1575, which makes Thomas considerably less precocious. However, this article, following the sources on which it is based, presumes a birth at 1579.
303:. Mary had won for herself the popular title "Bloody Mary" for her methods in attempting to reimpose Catholicism on England. Philip II, who had been married to Mary 1554–1558, used the seminarians from Douai openly as agents. They were often in England illegally to establish contacts and maintain a bridgehead, so to speak, for reconversion.
58:, he was sent abroad as a youth for his education. The Dempsters were Catholic in an increasingly Protestant country and had a reputation for being quarrelsome. Thomas' brother James, outlawed for an attack on his father, spent some years as a pirate in the northern islands, escaped by volunteering for military service in the
480:
He was not there long. Even though
England was totally safe for him, and he had already been preferred by a king who admired him, and had married an English girl, complaining that he was not accepted by the Protestants and could not find advancement because of them he set sail for Rome with his wife.
230:
Thomas and tutor started out for Paris. He was ten in the most precocious dating scheme, possibly as old as 14 in others. They had no sooner reached the continent when they were robbed of all their possessions and probably beaten as well, as Ogston died not long after. Their assailants remain unknown
140:
confirms the lands owned by Thomas
Dempter and his wife Jean Leslie and designates his heirs Robert (2nd son), Thomas (3rd son), and George, who are called "legitimate offspring", with John, Archibald and Charles Dempster. Girls could not inherit, so they are not listed. The oldest son, James, is not
686:
becomes a
Scottish author." The last chapter was intended as his autobiography, which Matteo Pellegrini, a friend at Bologna, completed posthumously. Much of what it says about him; for example, that his mother had 29 children and that he himself was one of triplets, is counted as prevarication. The
537:
It was in
Bologna that Thomas made friends with Matteo Pellegrini, who was to complete his autobiography posthumously and described "Dempsterus" as a man "outstanding in body and mind: his height was above the average height of the common man: his hair was nearly black and the colour of his skin not
503:
In 1619 his daughter died shortly after birth, the only child he was to have. In 1620 after the execution of his father he began to call himself the Baron of
Muiresk, which in Scotland was considered an illegitimate claim. His brother James, though disinherited from the estate, still had a claim to
485:
immediately drew what may have been the correct conclusion and threw him into prison as a spy. However, the good pope changed his mind shortly, perhaps still hoping to reconvert the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and decided accept the matter graciously, placing Thomas in Italy. He used his influence
460:
The story goes on to say that in
England he met a woman (Susanna Valeria) "so abundant, so favored by Venus that nothing else would do but that he have her to wife." At this point the story skips over a small matter, intentionally or not, that might well explain Thomas' future apparent inability to
371:
The name of Thomas
Demster appears as Item Number 64 in the Register of Alumni for the college, applying to the year 1593, with a very brief entry next to his name, "etiam seminarii alumnus." Apparently the college accepted both seminarians and seculars, and this notification identified Thomas as a
192:
Meanwhile, his father Thomas
Dempster of Muresk had taken a mistress, Isabella, from Clan Gordon, which must have been a bitter blow to Jean Leslie. Apparently Isabella charmed not only Thomas but his eldest son James Dempster, who married her. Thomas Dempster disinherited him. James Dempster and a
338:
until 1600, but the request specifically for
Scotsmen evidences an early interest in that direction. How Crighton got Dempster's name remains as unknown as why he was deported from Paris, but Thomas was one of four selected and did not enroll at Louvain, but journeyed straight to Rome. He mentions
507:
At Pisa Thomas worked very hard on his commission, sometimes 14 hours per day. The strain was too much for his wife, perhaps depressed also by her loss. She ran off with an Englishman, but later returned. The issue of adultery came up again. Violent accusations followed, indignantly repudiated; a
235:
stepped forward: Walter Brus, an officer in the French army, who was of Scottish descent, and judging from the name, perhaps not of the humblest birth. Walter sent him on to Paris, where other officers of Scottish descent in the French army took up a subscription to place him at the University of
322:
In the latter part of the 16th century, deeming that the reconversion structure needed strengthening, the popes established a number of Scots Colleges, typically through the Jesuits. One of these was the Scots College at Douai, founded by its first Superior, Father William Crighton (P. Gulielmus
243:
there; the fact that the subscription was of Scottish officers indicates that that is the most likely possibility. If true, it shows that Brus' motivations were not entirely altruistic. The Scots Colleges abroad were being used as training and staging areas for Scottish priests intended to enter
69:
Thomas was unable to come home except for visits. Of uncommon and impressive height and intellectual ability he became an itinerant professor in France and Italy, driven from place to place by a series of colourful personal incidents in which he fought duels or opposed officers of the law. He
734:
of Florence emended the text and added a critical apparatus. The duke had his own engravers enhance Dempster's illustrations with new ones drawn from artefacts in various collections. In all the work came to contain about 100 copperplate engravings. It came out in two volumes, folio, at
351:
The Roman plan came to nothing when, as Dempster says, "the lethal disease recurred." Acting on medical advice the church authorities returned him to Belgium for a change of climate. After an arduous and dangerous journey north of the Alps he connected at
508:
diplomatic correspondence ensued, and a demand was made, and supported by the grand duke, for an apology, which the professor refused to make, preferring to lose his chair. He set out once more for Scotland, but was intercepted by the Florentine cardinal
175:
Andrew Ogston was appointed as Thomas Dempster's tutor. Dempster wrote that he learned the alphabet from Ogston in a single hour at age three. He may have been older; in any case, Andrew recognised talent in his pupil. He sent him to Grammar School in
777:
But this date is disputed. Thomas said that he was one of 29 children and belonged to a set of triplets, which seems an impossibility and for which there is no other evidence. A modern Dempster, James, reasons, on a website established by him at
747:
A Latin dedication to Cosimo III, dated 1725, London, was added in 1726 by Coke. A folio supplement was published by Passeri, 1767. The publication of the book sparked the first public wave of interest in the Etruscans throughout academic Italy.
797:"Royal Hetruria" was Dempster's own English name for the book, used in a letter recounting its loss to him. Rowland, pages 98–99. Dempster's Hetruria has been mainly altered to Etruria in this article, following Coke's convention.
193:
band of Gordons waylaid Thomas and his party on the road between his estates. Thomas was shot several times in the legs and suffered a sword blow to the head, as a result of which James became an outlaw, surviving by banditry in
204:
The elder Dempster continued to make decisions that were the ruin of the family. Clan feuding was an expensive activity from which every clan suffered. The elder Thomas had already lost much of his estate to pay for feuds with
472:, a Protestant (the king of the King James Bible), even though he, Dempster, was a Catholic, had won him an invitation to the English court; and in 1615 he went to London. There James I appointed him historiographer royal.
838:
434:, was terminated by another quarrel; and Dempster returned to Scotland in 1608 with the intention of claiming his father's estates. Finding his relatives unsympathetic, and falling into heated controversy with the
244:
Scotland in the wake of the invading army and play the most significant role in its reconversion. The failure of the invasion left them in place (without much work to do other than intelligence and conspiracy).
306:
The mastermind in the strategy to reconquer Great Britain for Catholicism and Spain was that of Philip II. He was supported in this effort by a long series of short-term popes (some very short-term), such as
268:. Thomas himself gives that as a reason, but otherwise does not have a clear explanation for the change, stating only that Belgium was a "safe refuge". Instead he was diverted from this plan by
743:"Thomae Dempsteri a Muresk Scoti Pandectarum in Pisano Lyceo Professoris Ordinarii de Etruria Regali libri septem, opus posthumum, in duas partes divisum, nunc primum editi curante Tho. Coke"
662:, "Ecclesiastical History of the Scottish Nation" (Bologna, 1627). Morér asserts that this "is one of the most discredited works ever written in the field of Scottish history." The 1911
21:
372:
seminarian. If the 1579 birthdate is true, Thomas would have been 14. Of his stay there he had little to say, only that he took first prize in poetry and second in philosophy.
1044:
In the process he had Biscioni copy the manuscript, which took about a year. He had intended to keep only the copy, but Biscioni sent him both, which remained at Holkhom.
580:
415:, which in turn he was forced to leave by the hostility of the city authorities, aroused by his violent assertion of university rights. He was than elected professor of
516:
as professor of Humanity. This was the most distinguished post in the most famous of continental universities, and Dempster was at the height of his fame. Though his
449:, a contemporary. He begins with a characterisation of Dempster that has been much repeated: "But, I don't know by what pact, those most mild-mannered sisters (the
1296:
445:
was ended by a fight, in which he defeated officers of the king's guard, forcing him once again to change his place of residence. The story is told in Latin by
930:
431:
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that Cardinal Aldobrandini was raising an army there and calls him also Clement VIII, perhaps in anticipation of later events. Dempster says that he was in a
711:
538:
far from that: his head was huge and the carriage of his body completely regal; his strength and ferocity were as outstanding as that of a soldier ...."
95:
1245:
1114:"Thomas Dempster and ancient Etruria. A Review of the autobiography and De Etruria Regali, Papers of the British School at Rome, LVIII (1990) 337-352"
1363:
979:, "Picture Gallery", written by Rossi under the pen-name in Latin of Janus Nicius Erythraeus, in Italian Giano Nicio Eritreo. The Latin is given in
1131:
1343:
487:
357:
1065:
identifies Coke as the publisher, not the editor. Otherwise, the rest of the title identifies Dempster and states that the work is posthumous.
206:
62:
and was drawn and quartered there for insubordination. Thomas' father lost the family fortune in clan feuding and was beheaded for forgery.
295:
there. This college was a refuge and rallying point for English Catholics fleeing the re-establishment of Protestantism after the death of
395:
217:
to prevent his eldest son from ever inheriting it. The earl took advantage of some fine print in the law, now obscure, to evade payment.
1250:
319:(1592–1605), Cardinal Aldobrandini since 1585, changed the policy and stood against Philip, after his military defeat by the English.
1333:
201:. The younger Thomas' uncle, John Dempster, an Edinburgh lawyer, insisted he be educated abroad to remove him from the environment.
1031:
The abbot, 1653–1729, Greek scholar and Italian dictionarist. It isn't clear how Dempster's manuscript descended from ownership by
1368:
781:
1358:
330:(1585–1590) to provide Scottish students for seminary study at Rome. The Scots College at Rome did not receive its foundation
280:, which is a good indication that forces unknown to young Thomas were at work in his life. He did not matriculate at Louvain.
360:, a member of his network of Scottish patrons. Securing funding from "the king of Spain", who must have been Philip II, and "
1286:
1272:
1353:
1338:
124:). to Thomas Dempster, Laird of Muiresk or Muresk, and Jean Leslie, a daughter of Willam Lesley, 9th Baron of Balquhain,
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Thomas was not to enjoy his honours long. His wife ran off again, this time with a student. He pursued them as far as
98:
finally undertook to publish an enhanced edition of it. The original manuscript remains in Coke's library at Holkham.
1211:
1176:
1148:
172:, a history which may or may not be connected with later accusations that Thomas was an intelligencer for James I.
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Thomas became deathly ill with "the plague" and on recovering was sent by someone in charge of his destiny to the
438:
clergy, he returned to Paris in 1609, where he remained for seven years, becoming professor in several colleges.
361:
1348:
1267:
1061:, "Of Encyclopedia" (Pandectae), is not Dempster's; the idea is "seven books of Encyclopedia about ...." The
730:. This he published apparently at his own expense; however, the publication was not exactly of the original.
726:. Through him he discovered the existence of Dempster's manuscript, which he purchased from its then owner,
343:
with "the choicest nobility of Italy", which he would not have been if the Scots College had existed then.
149:
1141:
A Palace in the Wild: Essays on Vernacular Culture and Humanism in Late Mediaeval and Renaissance Scotland
649:
526:
384:
117:
46:(23 August 1579 – 6 September 1625) was a Scottish scholar and historian. Born into the aristocracy in
1139:
Morér, Ulrike (2000). "An Early Scottish National Biography". In Mapstone, Sally; et al. (eds.).
663:
1160:
Illustrations of the Topography and Antiquities of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff, the Third Volume
423:. A murderous attack upon him by one of the defeated candidates and his supporters was followed by a
269:
679:
639:
257:
181:
1053:
Dempster's title, "De Hetruria Regali Libri Septem" can be seen embedded in this one without the
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settle in one place, even as a renowned and successful scholar. The dedication of his edition of
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91:
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language and wrote in Latin, as was still the academic custom of the times. His works are:
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129:
1310:. Article on the clan at electricscotland.com, giving the etymology and thumbnail history.
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8:
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His associates in the Accademia della Notte gave him a splendid funeral, attended by the
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380:
284:
253:
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Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum sive De Scriptoribus Scotis Editio Altera Tom. II
239:
According to the structure of the university at the time, Thomas would have entered the
1200:
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78:, who commissioned a work on the Etruscans. Three years later Thomas handed the duke a
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1172:
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55:
500:. The Grand Duke commissioned him also to write a definitive work on the Etruscans.
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Creighton), who held the office 1581–1597, according to the records of the college.
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as part of his military build-up against England and was at first identical to the
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He showed such ability that, when still in his teens, he became lecturer on the
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87:
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Dempster's first position as a doctor was a regent, or full professor, of the
1317:
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1236:
1092:
Records of the Scots Colleges at Douai, Rome, Madrid, Valladolid and Ratisbon
509:
327:
59:
47:
383:. After a short stay, he returned to Paris, to take his degree of doctor of
1254:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 16, 17.
558:
435:
335:
316:
32:
1297:
COLONEL WILLIAM SEMPILL OF LOCHWINNOCH (1546–1630): A STRATEGIST FOR SPAIN
610:"The Most Complete Body of Roman Antiquities" (Paris, 1613). Dedicated to
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low quality of this work after so much brilliance remains unexplained.
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case, which, though he ultimately won, forced him to leave the town.
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116:
Thomas Dempster, according to his own account, was born at Cliftbog,
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For these and political and religious reasons in these often violent
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403:, manuscript, 16th century. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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180:, and in 1588 at the age of ten (or 14) Thomas left home to enter
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635:, "On the Death of the Puppy Aldina: Poetic tears" (Paris, 1622).
595:, criticism, law, biography, and history. He was a master of the
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937:, 1592, subsequent member of an unsuccessful mission to convert
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Ragionamento funebre nella morte dell'Eccellmo Tomaso Dempstero
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Keraunos kai obelos in glossas librorum quatuor Institutionum
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Keraunos kai obelos in glossas librorum quatuor Institutionum
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152:. Her marriage seems to have taken place a few years before
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verse is printed in the first volume (pp. 306–354) of
569:, which was published in the course of the following year.
497:
614:. This is the work that came to the attention of the king.
326:
Apparently Crighton had been asked by "the pope": perhaps
1186:
Stirling, Anna Maria Diana Wilhelmina Pickering (1908).
315:(1590–1591), etc., who basically followed his strategy.
1169:
The Scarith of Scornello: a Tale of Renaissance Forgery
656:, "Of the Christian War against the Barbarians" (1623).
70:
eventually found refuge and patronage under Grand Duke
987:
by M., pages 119 following. Downloadable Google Books.
490:, to get Thomas appointed to the professorship of the
213:. He decided now to sell the estate at Muiresk to the
1166:
1088:
710:Dempster's major work was rescued from oblivion by
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702:
554:, where he died on 6 September at age 46 (or 50).
231:except that they were French soldiers. However, a
111:
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1100:
247:
1315:
1107:. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood & Sons.
1078:
1192:. London, New York: John Lane, the Bodley Head.
628:to James, King of Great Britain (London, 1616)"
368:, from which, after a few years, he graduated.
1197:
633:In Obitum Aldinae Catellae: lachrymae poeticae
475:
441:In the end, his temporary connection with the
430:A short stay in Spain, as tutor to the son of
148:, her mother, Janet Forbes, was a daughter of
90:, the first detailed study of every aspect of
1035:to Salvini's extensive and famous collection.
1130:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
941:, even though he had been released from the
739:, 1723–1724, under the comprehensive title:
644:(in Latin). Bologna: Nicolò Tebaldini. 1622.
608:Antiquitatum Romanarum corpus absolutissimum
466:Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimum
128:and Killesmont, and sheriff (until 1586) of
86:, "Seven Books about Royal Etruria", in the
1143:. Leuven: Peeters. pp. 249 following.
945:on condition that he not return to England.
903:
901:
899:
722:, and in Etruria befriended the Grand Duke
550:. Becoming ill with a fever he returned to
488:Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1005:
985:Sketch of the Character of Thomas Dempster
534:made him a knight and gave him a pension.
144:By birth Jean Leslie was connected to the
929:1535–1617, recruited into the Jesuits by
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225:
1364:Academic staff of the University of Pisa
1240:
1083:. Edinburgh: Andreas Balfour cum Sociis.
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31:
20:
94:, considered a brilliant work. In 1723
1316:
1300:article by ConcepciĂłn SAENZ-CAMBRA in
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983:of March and June 1821, Volume XXIII,
666:says: "In this he tries to prove that
660:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Scotorum
654:De bello a Christianis contra barbaros
390:
50:, which comprises regions of both the
1344:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
1138:
1112:Leighton, Robert, Castelino, Celine.
889:term. Thomas' own term (page 674) is
572:Thomas Dempster is buried in Bologna
1273:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1118:Papers of the British School at Rome
854:
852:
806:Dempstar is an alternative spelling.
411:, at age 17. He soon left Paris for
28:, Florence 1720-26 (written 1616–19)
1279:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1206:. New York: Saturday Review Press.
220:
13:
14:
1380:
1259:
867:Dictionary of National Biography.
849:
760:– Scottish scholastic philosopher
565:, delivered an elaborate funeral
512:, who persuaded him to remain at
164:. The Leslies were supporters of
1334:17th-century Scottish historians
1228:
1171:. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press.
887:Dictionary of National Biography
815:Some sources place his birth at
591:Dempster was equally at home in
1189:Coke of Norfolk and his Friends
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561:, and one of the academicians,
112:Family background and education
1369:Scottish expatriates in France
1275:, Volume 38: Della Volpe–Denza
1167:Rowland, Ingrid Drake (2004).
1095:. Aberdeen: New Spalding Club.
1089:Forbes-Leith, William (1906).
870:
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264:(now Belgium), to study under
248:Diversions to Belgium and Rome
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84:De Etruria Regali Libri Septem
16:Scottish scholar and historian
1:
1359:17th-century Scottish writers
1308:The Scottish Nation: Dempster
955:Records of the Scots Colleges
839:"Dempster, Thomas (DMSR589T)"
718:. Aged 15, he started on the
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1202:The Search for the Etruscans
150:John Forbes, 6th Lord Forbes
101:
7:
1006:Montalbani, Ovidio (1626).
933:on the latter's mission to
843:A Cambridge Alumni Database
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141:included from this record.
37:De Etruria Regali Libri VII
10:
1385:
1354:University of Douai alumni
1339:University of Paris alumni
1158:Robertson, Joseph (1857).
1101:Burton, John Hill (1881).
845:. University of Cambridge.
696:Delitiae poetarum Scotorum
364:", Cheyne sent him to the
1079:Dempster, Thomas (1829).
1012:. Bologna: G. Mascheroni.
682:were all Scots, and even
1266:Ceresa, Massimo (1990).
828:Robertson pages 570–571.
784:12 February 2012 at the
764:
680:Johannes Scotus Eriugena
182:Pembroke Hall, Cambridge
1251:Encyclopædia Britannica
1198:Wellard, James (1973).
1194:Available Google Books.
1085:Available Google Books.
1063:editi curante Tho. Coke
664:Encyclopædia Britannica
524:had been placed on the
455:custodes corporis Regis
366:Scottish College, Douai
276:, then Superior of the
1097:Viewable Google Books.
996:Burton, pages 260–261.
588:
541:
404:
347:Scots College of Douai
226:Scots College of Paris
160:in their feud against
136:. A 1592 charter from
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29:
1349:Linguists of Etruscan
981:The Classical Journal
728:Antonio Maria Salvini
631:Poetic contributions
618:Panegyricus Jacobo M.
583:
401:Lectura Institutionum
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299:and the accession of
258:University of Louvain
92:Etruscan civilisation
35:
24:
1277:(in Italian). Rome:
1162:. The Spalding Club.
935:Mary, Queen of Scots
530:pending correction,
432:Marshal de Saint Luc
278:Scots College, Douai
262:Southern Netherlands
166:Mary, Queen of Scots
82:, the manuscript of
447:Gian Vittorio Rossi
443:Collège de Beauvais
391:Itinerant professor
381:University of Douai
285:University of Douai
254:University of Paris
1268:"DEMPSTER, Thomas"
966:Dempster page 675.
732:Filippo Buonarroti
714:(1697–1759) later
698:(Amsterdam, 1637).
589:
419:at the academy of
409:Collège de Navarre
405:
341:seminarium Romanum
289:Philip II of Spain
52:Scottish highlands
41:
30:
876:Stephen page 336.
716:Earl of Leicester
705:De Etruria Regali
650:Benedetto Accolti
563:Ovidio Montalbani
518:Roman Antiquities
476:"Escape" to Italy
67:Elizabethan times
56:Scottish lowlands
26:De Etruria Regali
1376:
1302:Tiempos Modernos
1292:
1288:978-8-81200032-6
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1246:Dempster, Thomas
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670:(Sapiens),
483:Pope Paul V
313:Gregory XIV
309:Innocent IX
301:Elizabeth I
207:Clan Currer
188:Family feud
162:Clan Forbes
158:Clan Gordon
154:Clan Leslie
146:Clan Forbes
126:Auchterless
96:Thomas Coke
80:magnum opus
1318:Categories
957:, page 96.
720:Grand Tour
377:Humanities
211:Clan Grant
107:Early life
1033:Cosimo II
977:Pinotheca
907:Page 675.
724:Cosimo II
626:Panegyric
620:(Magnae)
593:philology
417:eloquence
385:Canon law
102:Biography
72:Cosimo II
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752:See also
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684:Boadicea
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463:Rosinus'
413:Toulouse
311:(1591),
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178:Aberdeen
170:Catholic
138:James VI
54:and the
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567:eulogy
297:Mary I
274:Jesuit
199:Orkney
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527:Index
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1283:ISBN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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