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made a series of paintings to depict the thirty-six immortal women poets to accompany the calligraphy of each poet's verse, as produced by 36 girls who were students of
Hanagata Giryu's (花形義融) calligraphy school "Hanagata Shodo". The album, reproduced with woodblock printing was intended to publicize
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Pre-modern
Japanese Literature professor Roselee Bundy traces the contribution to women's court poetry reaching its zenith in the mid Heian period as aesthetic communal events, before gradual professionalization of the genre began to exclude women's voices beginning in the Kamakura period.
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Scholars
Esperanza Ramirez-Christensen and Yumiko Watanabe have suggested that the lack of a proper name or singular identity, symbolising broader structural power relations that marginalised court women, may have contributed to their autobiographic impulse to craft poetry.
750:
the school. The 36 portraits are divided into a "left" (左) team and a "right" (右) team where the left team comprised poets who lived between the ninth and eleventh centuries, and the right team was made up of those poets that lived in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
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gajōsō (or gajōjitate) 画帖装（(画帖仕立て) Binding type in which each printed sheet is folded inward and pasted along the outside vertical edges to the back of the next sheet. The first and last sheets are usually pasted to the inside of the front or back
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1692:"Chōbunsai Eishi | Courtiers and Urchins, frontispiece for the album Brocade Prints of the Thirty-six Poetesses | Japan | Edo period (1615–1868)"
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The women canonized in this compilation are typically noblewomen associated with the imperial court, for example, Lady Ise, consort to
127:), Michitsuna no haha (literally, Michitsuna's mother), Fujiwara no Shunzei no Musume (Literally Shunzei Fujiwara's daughter).
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57:. The compiler and exact date of the canon's construction is unknown, but its reference is subsequently noted in the
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The teams square off in a pair-competition on each spread, which was a practice dating from the
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researcher Andrew J. Pekarik compared this competitive social art form to poetry slams at the
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8:
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772:) with an album binding (gajōsō) and also featured a woodblock printed cover designed by
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1417:. Rebecca L. Copeland, Esperanza U. Ramirez-Christensen. Honolulu, Hawaii. 2001.
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The father-daughter plot : Japanese literary women and the law of the father
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776:. The block carvers were Yamaguchi Matsugorō (山口松五郎) Yamaguchi Seizō (山口清蔵).
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1469:"Gendering the Court Woman Poet: Pedigree and Portrayal in "Fukuro zōshi""
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These five women poets from the original publication were included in the
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703:【2】：Selected in the Late Classical Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry by
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and canonized along with others from the Heian and
Kamakura eras.
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also appeared in an earlier anthology with the similar title
1554:"Nishikizuri onna sanjûrokkasen - NYPL Digital Collections"
738:
Woodblock prints of the Thirty-Six
Immortal Women Poets by
1581:"Nishikizuri onna sanjūrokkasen | F|S Pulverer Collection"
729:【4】：Selected in the New Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry by
768:
The album was published by
Nishimuraya Yohachi (Eijūdō) (
16:
Canon of
Japanese poets of the Heian and Kamakura periods
696:【1】：Selected in the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry by
1526:[Criticism of so-called "women's poetry"].
123:, Inpumon'in no Tayū (literally the Attendant to
1712:
100:chose this original selection that preceded the
115:Role of women's court poetry in Heian-era Japan
42:
757:imperial court in the late ninth century. The
36:
170:. There might be a discussion about this on
1605:"illustrated book; print | British Museum"
1521:
1445:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1377:(in Japanese). 続群書類従完成会. pp. 347–349.
1542:– via Waseda University Depository.
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
1522:Watanabe, Yumiko; 渡邉, 裕美子 (March 2003).
18:
1627:
1713:
1630:"The Thirty-Six Immortal Women Poets"
1466:
1370:
1664:"Glossary | F|S Pulverer Collection"
1575:
1573:
1462:
1460:
142:
53:who were anthologized in the middle
1786:10th-century Japanese women writers
1776:12th-century Japanese women writers
1766:11th-century Japanese women writers
1201:28. Go-Toba-in no Shimotsuke 後鳥羽院下野
13:
1756:Japanese poets of the Heian period
1736:9th-century Japanese women writers
14:
1797:
1570:
1457:
1389:"The Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals"
1231:Gofukakusa-in no shōshō no naishi
529:Gofukakusa-in no shōshō no naishi
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322:Fujiwara no Toshinari no Musume
109:Thirty-Six Immortal Women Poets
102:Thirty-Six Immortal Women Poets
32:Thirty-Six Immortal Women Poets
1696:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1597:
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1405:
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869:Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha
364:Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha
89:Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry
1:
1781:12th-century Japanese writers
1771:11th-century Japanese writers
1334:
745:In 1801 the ukiyo-e painter
92:which dates from 1113 (late
7:
1761:12th-century Japanese poets
1751:11th-century Japanese poets
1746:10th-century Japanese poets
1558:digitalcollections.nypl.org
1311:Shikikenmon'in no Mikushige
1263:Tsuchimikado In no Kosaishō
1029:16. Takashina no Takako 高内侍
658:Shikikenmon'in no Mikushige
582:Tsuchimikado In no Kosaishō
43:
10:
1802:
1741:9th-century Japanese poets
1077:(Shikishi Naishinnō) 式子内親王
1043:Yūshi Naishinnō-ke no Kii
647:Yūshi Naishinnō-ke no Kii
213:
37:
1628:Pekarik, Andrew (1993).
1123:Taikenmon'in no Horikawa
478:Go-Toba-in no Shimotsuke
349:Taikenmon'in no Horikawa
1467:Bundy, Roselee (2012).
705:ja:Fujiwara no Norikane
1327:Sōhekimon'in no Shōshō
684:Sōhekimon'in no Shōshō
27:
23:Lady Ise, painting by
1485:10.1353/mni.2012.0017
1449:) CS1 maint: others (
1155:Kayōmon'in no Echizen
733:and unknown compilers
731:Fujiwara no Mototoshi
400:Kayōmon'in no Echizen
22:
1731:Japanese women poets
1139:Gishūmon'in no Tango
763:Nuyorican Poets Café
716:Ogura Hyakunin Isshu
714:【3】：Selected in the
375:Gishūmon'in no Tango
160:confusing or unclear
1473:Monumenta Nipponica
1352:www.asahi-net.or.jp
1295:Fujiwara no Chikako
1279:Hachijō-in Takakura
967:Koshikibu no Naishi
633:Fujiwara no Chikako
607:Hachijō-in Takakura
518:Koshikibu no Naishi
168:clarify the article
44:Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen
1721:Poetry anthologies
1609:The British Museum
1528:Kokubungaku Kenkyū
1247:Inpumon'in no Tayū
635:後嵯峨院中納言典侍（典侍藤原親子）
622:Takashina no Kishi
556:Inpumon'in no Tayū
470:三条院女蔵人左近（小大君）
243:Shikishi Naishinnō
28:
1424:978-0-585-47883-8
1393:www.metmuseum.org
1371:保己一／編, 塙 (1960).
1297:後嵯峨院中納言典侍（典侍藤原親子）
1075:Princess Shikishi
720:Fujiwara no Teika
698:Fujiwara no Kintō
693:
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314:(Kishi Joō) 斎宮女御
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98:Fujiwara no Kintō
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1374:群書類従 第十三輯 和歌部 歌合
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1171:Nijōin no Sanuki
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949:Murasaki Shikibu
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839:(Kishi Joō) 斎宮女御
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427:Nijōin no Sanuki
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66:Five of the 36,
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1668:pulverer.si.edu
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1585:pulverer.si.edu
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747:Chōbunsai Eishi
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740:Chōbunsai Eishi
724:Kamakura period
649:一宮紀伊（祐子内親王家紀伊）
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55:Kamakura period
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1479:(2): 201–238.
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1015:Daini no Sanmi
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837:Saigū no Nyōgo
834:
827:
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790:Ono no Komachi
787:
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765:in the 1990s.
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596:Daini no Sanmi
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312:Saigū no Nyōgo
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231:Ono no Komachi
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155:
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146:
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116:
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80:Saigū no Nyōgo
68:Ono no Komachi
63:, volume 13.
51:Japanese poets
49:is a canon of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1525:
1524:"「女の歌」という批評語"
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1257:
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1248:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1215:Ben no Naishi
1209:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1181:
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1172:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1144:
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1128:
1124:
1117:
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1108:
1107:Suō no Naishi
1101:
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943:
938:
934:
933:Kodai no Kimi
927:
922:
918:
917:Izumi Shikibu
911:
906:
902:
895:
890:
886:
885:Uma no Naishi
879:
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858:
854:
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838:
831:
826:
822:
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771:
766:
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728:
725:
722:in the early
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504:Ben no Naishi
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468:Kodai no Kimi
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999:Sei Shōnagon
983:Ise no Taifu
951:
935:三条院女蔵人左近 小大君
901:Akazome Emon
767:
759:Smithosonian
755:Heian period
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709:Heian period
707:in the late
571:Sei Shōnagon
544:Ise no Taifu
415:Akazome Emon
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166:Please help
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96:). The poet
94:Heian Period
87:
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60:Gunsho Ruijū
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1634:Impressions
821:Nakatsukasa
624:高内侍（儀同三司母）
598:大弐三位（藤原賢子）
286:Nakatsukasa
121:Emperor Uda
76:Nakatsukasa
25:Kanō Tan’yū
1726:Waka poets
1715:Categories
1701:2022-02-19
1673:2022-02-19
1614:2022-02-19
1590:2022-02-19
1563:2022-02-19
1540:2065/43842
1398:2022-02-19
1357:2022-02-19
1335:References
299:周防内侍（平仲子）
162:to readers
1642:1095-2136
1534:: 20–29.
1509:162393515
1493:0027-0741
1441:cite book
1348:"女房三十六歌仙"
1091:Kunai-kyō
270:Kunai-kyō
180:July 2023
1650:42597773
1501:42001267
1433:53481891
1109:周防内侍（平仲子
806:Lady Ise
584:土御門院小宰相
259:Lady Ise
72:Lady Ise
1313:式乾門院御匣
1265:土御門院小宰相
1125:待賢門院堀河
774:Hokusai
700:(1113).
660:式乾門院御匣
558:殷富門院大輔
480:後鳥羽院下野
402:嘉陽門院越前
377:宜秋門院丹後
366:右大将道綱母
351:待賢門院堀河
158:may be
38:女房三十六歌仙
1679:cover.
1648:
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1636:(17).
1507:
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1491:
1431:
1421:
1329:藻璧門院少将
1249:殷富門院大輔
1187:Kojijū
1157:嘉陽門院越前
1141:宜秋門院丹後
1059:Sagami
871:右大将道綱母
686:璧門院少将
673:Sagami
609:八条院高倉
520:小式部内侍
453:Kojijū
429:二条院讃岐
245:式子内親王
1646:JSTOR
1505:S2CID
1497:JSTOR
1281:八条院高倉
1173:二条院讃岐
969:小式部内侍
770:西村屋与八
573:清少納言
546:伊勢大輔
531:少将内侍
444:和泉式部
417:赤染衛門
324:俊成卿女
233:小野小町
1638:ISSN
1489:ISSN
1451:link
1447:link
1429:OCLC
1419:ISBN
1325:36.
1309:35.
1293:34.
1277:33.
1261:32.
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1233:少将内侍
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1017:大弐三位
1001:清少納言
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985:伊勢大輔
981:13.
965:12.
947:11.
931:10.
919:和泉式部
903:赤染衛門
853:Ukon
792:小野小町
506:弁内侍
495:紫式部
455:小侍従
392:馬内侍
337:Ukon
272:宮内卿
220:【4】
214:【3】
208:【2】
205:【1】
104:.
82:and
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1536:hdl
1532:139
1481:doi
1217:弁内侍
1189:小侍従
1105:21
1093:宮内卿
1013:15.
952:紫式部
915:9.
899:8.
887:馬内侍
883:7.
867:6.
851:5.
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788:1.
718:by
675:相模
339:右近
288:中務
261:伊勢
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