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at his favorite brothel, where he sees his ex-lover, Jenny. They sing the "ZuhÀlterballade" ("Pimp's Ballad", one of the Villon songs translated by Ammer) about their days together, but
Macheath doesn't know Mrs Peachum has bribed Jenny to turn him in. Despite Brown's apologies, there's nothing he can do, and Macheath is dragged away to jail. After he sings the "Ballade vom angenehmen Leben" ("Ballad of the Pleasant Life"), another Villon/Ammer song, another girlfriend, Lucy (Brown's daughter) and Polly show up at the same time, setting the stage for a nasty argument that builds to the "Eifersuchtsduett" ("Jealousy Duet"). After Polly leaves, Lucy engineers Macheath's escape. When Mr Peachum finds out, he confronts Brown and threatens him, telling him that he will unleash all of his beggars during
1039:", a revenge fantasy in which she is a scullery maid turning pirate queen to order the execution of her bosses and customers. The gang becomes nervous when the Chief of Police, Tiger Brown, arrives, but it's all part of the act; Brown had served with Mack in England's colonial wars and had intervened on numerous occasions to prevent the arrest of Macheath over the years. The old friends duet in the "Kanonen-Song" ("Cannon Song" or "Army Song"). In the next scene, Polly returns home and defiantly announces that she has married Macheath by singing the "Barbarasong" ("Barbara Song"). She stands fast against her parents' anger, but she inadvertently reveals Brown's connections to Macheath which her parents subsequently use to their advantage.
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279:, Brecht's lover at the time, received a copy of Gay's play from friends in England and, fascinated by the female characters and its critique of the condition of the London poor, began translating it into German. Brecht at first took little interest in her translation project, but in April 1928 he attempted to interest the impresario
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Macheath ("Mackie," or "Mack the Knife") marries Polly
Peachum. This displeases her father, who controls the beggars of London, and he endeavours to have Macheath hanged. His attempts are hindered by the fact that the Chief of Police, Tiger Brown, is Macheath's old army comrade. Still, Peachum exerts
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Polly warns
Macheath that her father will try to have him arrested. He is finally convinced that Peachum has enough influence to do it and makes arrangements to leave London, explaining the details of his bandit "business" to Polly so she can manage it in his absence. Before he leaves town, he stops
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After finishing with the new man, Peachum becomes aware that his grown daughter Polly did not return home the previous night. Peachum, who sees his daughter as his own private property, concludes that she has become involved with
Macheath. This does not suit Peachum at all, and he becomes determined
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Macheath asks everyone for forgiveness ("Grave
Inscription"). Then a sudden and intentionally comical reversal: Peachum announces that in this opera mercy will prevail over justice and that a messenger on horseback will arrive ("Walk to Gallows"); Brown arrives as that messenger and announces that
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The scene shifts to an empty stable where
Macheath himself is preparing to marry Polly once his gang has stolen and brought all the necessary food and furnishings. No vows are exchanged, but Polly is satisfied, and everyone sits down to a banquet. Since none of the gang members can provide fitting
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The story begins in the shop of
Jonathan Jeremiah Peachum, the boss of London's beggars, who outfits and trains the beggars in return for a slice of their takings from begging. In the first scene, the extent of Peachum's iniquity is immediately exposed. Filch, a new beggar, is obliged to bribe his
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described the 1945 performance where audience members climbed over ruins and passed through a tunnel to reach the open-air auditorium deprived of its ceiling. In addition to the smell of dead bodies trapped beneath the rubble, Eckardt recollects the actors themselves were "haggard, starved, in
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Jenny comes to the
Peachums' shop to demand her money for the betrayal of Macheath, which Mrs Peachum refuses to pay. Jenny reveals that Macheath is at Suky Tawdry's house. When Brown arrives, determined to arrest Peachum and the beggars, he is horrified to learn that the beggars are already in
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review said the production "turn Brecht and Weill's middle-class wake-up call into dead entertainment for rich people. His gelid staging and pallid, quasi-abstract recollections of
Expressionist-era design suggested that the writers might have been trying to perpetrate an artsified remake of
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and German dance music of the time. The orchestration involves a small ensemble with a good deal of doubling-up on instruments (in the original performances, for example, some 7 players covered a total of 23 instrumental parts, though modern performances typically use a few more players).
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position and only Mr
Peachum can stop them. To placate Peachum, Brown's only option is to arrest Macheath and have him executed. In the next scene, Macheath is back in jail and desperately trying to raise a sufficient bribe to get out again, even as the gallows are being assembled.
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for a total of 2,707 performances, beginning with an interrupted 96-performance run in 1954 and resuming in 1955. Blitzstein had translated the work into English, and toned down some of its acerbities. Over the course of its run, the production featured Scott Merrill as Macheath;
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we reach a public which either did not know us at all or thought us incapable of captivating listeners ... Opera was founded as an aristocratic form of art ... If the framework of opera is unable to withstand the impact of the age, then this framework must be destroyed ... In the
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and other critics. But the most savage criticism came from Weill himself, who described it privately as "the worst performance imaginable ⊠the whole thing was completely misunderstood". But his criticisms seem to have been for the concept of the piece as a Germanised version of
1296:'; it also marked a positive step towards an operatic reform. By explicitly and implicitly shunning the more earnest traditions of the opera house, Weill created a mixed form which incorporated spoken theatre and popular musical idioms. Parody of operatic convention â of
1072:' questions: "What's picking a lock compared to buying shares? What's breaking into a bank compared to founding one? What's murdering a man compared to employing one?" (These questions did not appear in the original version of the work, but first appeared in the musical
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A draft narration by Brecht for a concert performance begins: "You are about to hear an opera for beggars. Since this opera was intended to be as splendid as only beggars can imagine, and yet cheap enough for beggars to be able to watch, it is called the
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instead, claiming that he himself had been translating it . He delivered Hauptmann's translation to Aufricht, who immediately signed a contract for it. Brecht proposed Weill to write the music, and spent the next four months writing the libretto.
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way into the profession and agree to pay over to Peachum 50 percent of whatever he made; the previous day he had been severely beaten up for begging within the area of jurisdiction of Peachum's protection racket.
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Macheath has been pardoned by the queen and granted a title, a castle and a pension. The cast then sings the Finale, which ends with a plea that wrongdoing not be punished too harshly as life is harsh enough.
415:. Despite an initially poor reception, it became a great success, playing 400 times in the next two years. The performance was a springboard for one of the best known interpreters of Brecht and Weill's work,
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1977:, and, while not adored by the critics, the production was nominated for the "Best Musical Revival" Tony award. Jim Dale was also Tony-nominated for Best Supporting Actor. The run ended on June 25, 2006.
1376:" loosely based on the lyrics "Mack the Knife" featuring a parody of the song. The advert, which was associated with a 10% increase in later diners in some Californian restaurants at the time, led to a
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1313:(Macheath) threatened to quit if his character did not receive an introduction; this creative emergency resulted in what would become the work's most popular song, later translated into English by
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Critics did not fail to notice that Brecht had included the four Villon songs translated by Ammer. Brecht responded by saying that he had "a fundamental laxity in questions of literary property."
1018:, titled "Die Moritat von Mackie Messer" ("Ballad of Mack the Knife"). As the song concludes, a well-dressed man leaves the crowd and crosses the stage. This is Macheath, alias "Mack the Knife".
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has been performed in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Russia, Italy, and Hungary. It has also been adapted to film and radio. The German-language version from 1928 entered the
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in the first act wedding scene. Sometimes (e.g. in the 1989 recording) it's sung by Polly in the first act and by Jenny in the second act between song 13 and 14 according to the list above.
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Weill claimed at the time that "music cannot further the action of the play or create its background", but achieves its proper value when it interrupts the action at the right moments."
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The first act of both works begins with the same melody ("Peachum's Morning Chorale"/"An Old Woman Clothed In Gray"), but that is the only material Weill borrowed from the melodies
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broadcast a complete radio production of the Michael Feingold translation directed by Nadia Molinari with the music performed by the BBC Philharmonic. The cast included
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Meech, Anthony (2011-01-01). "Brecht's the Threepenny Opera for the National Theatre: A 3p Opera?". In Baines, Roger; Marinetti, Cristina; Perteghella, Manuela (eds.).
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Soon it becomes clear that neither Polly nor the gang members can, or are willing to, raise any money, and Macheath prepares to die. He laments his fate and poses the '
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In the 2016 National Theatre, London, adaptation, this song was moved after the Tango Ballad as the finale to act one and sung by Mrs Peachum, Macheath and Chorus.
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Playbill of the premiere performance at Theater am Schiffbauerdamm Berlin, 31 August 1928. The name of Lotte Lenya, who played Jenny, was omitted by mistake.
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In the original version, "Pirate Jenny" is sung by Polly during the wedding scene, but is sometimes moved to the second act and given to Jenny. In the 1956
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sings Lucy, normally a small role, here assigned an extra number. Complete recording of the score, without spoken dialogues. Conducted by Samuel Matlowsky.
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and countless others have performed. In 2015, the Library of Congress added the recordings of "Mack the Knife" by Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin to the
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2601:(Macheath), Stephanie Myszak (Polly), Anelia Shoumanova (Jenny), Herrmann Becht (Peachum), Anita Herrmann (Mrs Peachum), Eugene Demerdjiev (Brown),
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1388:. The case was settled outside of court without requiring a court hearing. Following this the mascot was mostly dropped from McDonalds marketing.
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disapproved: "It is high time that our theatres ceased playing homage to petit-bourgeois bad taste and instead turned to more relevant themes."
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Macheath and grant him the title of baron. The details of the original 1928 text have often been substantially modified in later productions.
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for only a few performances in October 2011. The play was presented in German with English supertitles using the 1976 translation by
2611:, 1994, on CDJAY 1244. In English. Donmar Warehouse (London) production. Translated by Robert David Macdonald (lyrics translated by
1654:(Cottesloe Theatre) and UK Tour, February 2003. Translation by Jeremy Sams (lyrics) and Anthony Meech (book), directed by Tim Baker.
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The work's opening and closing lament, "Die Moritat von Mackie Messer," was written just before the Berlin premiere, when actor
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notes that "generic ambiguity is a key to the work's enduring success", and points out the work's deliberate hybrid status:
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2776:" refers to a coin in Britain's pre-decimal currency, which was discontinued in 1971 after the decimalization of sterling.
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which failed, though Brecht himself had attended rehearsals. The work was not revived in France until after World War II.
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genuine rags. Many of the actors ... had only just been released from concentration camp. They sang not well, but free."
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1384:'s son, Dodd Mitchell Darin. The lawsuit concerned the parody created by McDonald's stated that it was in violation of
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as a male Lucy. Included in the cast were drag performers. The director was Scott Elliott, the choreographer
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has made an adaptation by the same name for an installment of One Dollar Drags, an anthology of short films.
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Lied von der UnzulĂ€nglichkeit menschlichen Strebens (Song of the Insufficiency of Human Struggling â Peachum)
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2936:"January 1, 2024 is Public Domain Day: Works from 1928 are open to all, as are sound recordings from 1923!"
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III. Dreigroschenfinale (Third Threepenny Finale â Brown, Mrs Peachum, Peachum, Macheath, Polly, Chorus)
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The first American production, adapted into English by Gifford Cochran and Jerrold Krimsky and staged by
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1996:. The cast included Stefan Kurt as Macheath, Stefanie Stappenbeck as Polly and Angela Winkler as Jenny.
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2605:(Street Singer); Bulgarian Television and Radio Mixed Choir and Symphony Orchestra, Victor C. Symonette
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3344:"'The Threepenny Opera' review: Robert Wilson's vision of 1928 satiric musical has ups, sleepy downs"
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2286:(Mrs Peachum), Scott Merrill (Macheath), Gerald Price (Street Singer), and Martin Wolfson (Peachum).
1981:
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wrote "I cannot begin to list all the injuries done to Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill's masterpiece."
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produced the work again at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 2021. The production travelled to the
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Broadway 012â159â463â2. In English. Lyrics by Marc Blitzstein. The 1950s Broadway cast, starring
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In 2014, the Robert David MacDonald and Jeremy Sams translation (previously used in 1994 at the
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a prostitute once romantically involved with Macheath; is bribed to turn Mack over to the police
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3940:"The Threepenny Opera Enters the Dead Zone: Robert Wilson whips out his embalming fluid at BAM"
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In the United Kingdom, the first fully staged performance was given on 9 February 1956, under
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as Jenny. The production rescinded some of Blitzstein's modifications. Critics were divided:
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called it "the most interesting and original thing that Joe Papp ... has produced" whilst
1396:"Pirate Jenny" is another well-known song from the work, which has since been recorded by
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was determined only a week before the opening; it had been previously announced as simply
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recorded it under the alternative title "The Black Freighter". Recently, the drag queen
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3419:"Kurt Weill Estate Inks Deal With BMG, Titles Include 'Mack the Knife', 'Alabama Song'"
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4139:(Booklet accompanying the 1988 recording, Cat: 430-075). London: Decca Record Company.
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conducted the first British broadcast of the work. It received scathing reviews from
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recorded in his diary meeting at the performance an ambassador and a director of the
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After World War II the first stage performance in Berlin was a rough production of
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in Milan on 27 February 1956 in the presence of Bertolt Brecht. The cast included:
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was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by
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10. I. Dreigroschenfinale (First Threepenny Finale â Polly, Peachum, Mrs Peachum)
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the Peachums' daughter; after knowing Mack for only five days, agrees to marry him
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Writing in 1929, Weill made the political and artistic intents of the work clear:
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2004:
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1174:
Ballade von der sexuellen Hörigkeit (Ballad of Sexual Dependency â Mrs Peachum)
1104:
1049:
728:
669:
665:
239:
169:
102:
80:
8392:
8049:
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performance has been so honored, in Blitzstein's somewhat softened version of
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1934:
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1118:
3. Morgenchoral des Peachum (Peachum's Morning Choral â Peachum, Mrs Peachum)
961:
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641:
629:
454:
424:
8077:
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4811:
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4270:
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2538:
2122:
464:, rather than for Clark's conducting of it, of which Weill made no mention.
9592:
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9198:
9170:
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1993:
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was shown in its French version in 1931. In 1937 there was a production by
1475:
1417:
1401:
1262:
1134:
1036:
764:
595:
412:
249:
181:
7812:
3162:
Speak Low (When You Speak Love): The Letters of Kurt Weill and Lotte Lenya
1696:
as Brown. This production was broadcast live to cinemas worldwide through
843:
a misfit young man who approaches the Peachums in hopes of beggar training
814:
9804:
9685:
9544:
9535:
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9274:
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6313:
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6177:
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5735:
5057:
4779:
4523:
4482:
4370:
4071:
2812:
adaptation, this song was moved to the second act and sung by Lucy Brown.
2790:
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2612:
2542:
2516:
2508:
2478:
2279:
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2242:
2238:
2226:
2191:
2175:
2082:
1923:
1880:
1817:
1784:
1636:
as Polly. This production released a cast recording as was nominated for
1625:
1585:
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1381:
1373:
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1297:
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1015:
864:
834:
821:
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746:
508:
477:
416:
4310:
4044:
314:. Rather than translate the French himself, he used the translations by
9734:
9288:
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8982:
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8849:
8517:
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8252:
8238:
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7481:
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7177:
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6219:
6173:
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5834:
5782:
5534:
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2687:
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2512:
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2155:
2143:
2034:
1876:
1837:
1829:
1788:
972:
who leads a criminal gang, committing robbery, arson, rape and murder.
702:
695:
532:
206:
195:
70:
2793:, Polly sang a version of the "Bilbao Song" from Brecht's and Weill's
739:
controller of all the beggars in London; conspires to have Mack hanged
427:(and their wives), and concluded "One simply has to have been there."
9783:
9741:
9606:
9316:
8406:
8161:
8028:
7749:
7700:
7665:
7226:
6653:
6602:
6588:
6348:
6306:
5649:
5301:
4863:
2679:
2187:
1942:
1603:
1441:
1385:
1346:
1186:
Ballade vom angenehmen Leben (Ballad of the Pleasant Life â Macheath)
987:
976:
his influence and eventually gets Macheath arrested and sentenced to
782:
202:
2356:, 1958, on CBS MK 42637. Lenya, who also supervised the production,
2089:
simultaneously, a common practice in the early days of sound films.
7630:
7497:
6855:
6816:
6800:
6786:
6677:
6389:
6039:
5555:
1958:
1856:
1278:
969:
723:
637:
570:
433:
By 1933, when Weill and Brecht were forced to leave Germany by the
177:
118:
56:
791:
Police Chief of London and Mack's best friend from their army days
9382:
8427:
7889:
7504:
6793:
6777:
6763:
5265:
4322:
3805:. Cultural Criminology. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 126â138.
1377:
1180:
ZuhĂ€lterballade (Pimp's Ballad or Tango Ballad â Jenny, Macheath)
1069:
977:
777:
232:
6711:
4847:
4579:
3317:"Koldusopera bemutatĂł a VĂgszĂnhĂĄzban â HĂrek â Theater Online"
2623:(Polly Peachum), Tara Hugo (Jenny), Natasha Bain (Lucy Brown),
2261:
1660:(Olivier Theatre), 18 May to 1 October 2016. New adaptation by
995:
991:
331:), the same source he had been using since his earliest plays.
2888:
29:
People Who Can Eat People Are the Luckiest People in the World
4926:
4840:
3239:, "The Threepenny Opera" website, accessed 19 September 2016
2554:
1123:
4. Anstatt dass-Song (Instead of Song â Peachum, Mrs Peachum)
719:
543:
6622:
2953:
2717:
2384:. Complete recording of the score, without spoken dialogues.
7184:
6718:
3076:
2190:
as Polly/Whore, Ruth Alexander-Rubin as Mrs Peachum/Whore,
1423:
383:
351:
217:
3202:
The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht â A Study from Eight Aspects
2965:
2754:
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume III: Century
1300:
lyricism and happy endings â constitutes a central device.
1281:
and the most full-blooded highbrow musical for lowbrows".
4078:
3926:
3900:
1736:
In 1946, four performances of the work were given at the
1624:, 1994. Translation by Robert David MacDonald (book) and
1292:
For Weill was not just 'the most consistent reaction to
994:
of a happy ending, a messenger from the Queen arrives to
857:
sings 'The Ballad of Mack the Knife' in the opening scene
2992:
2829:, included "Surabaya Johnny" from the Brecht/Weill play
1056:
parade, ruining the ceremony and costing Brown his job.
6551:
and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb /
3876:
3765:
3717:
3384:
3360:
3264:
3254:
3252:
3004:
652:
The first Hungarian performance of the play was at the
350:(in English), with the subtitle "Die Luden-Oper" ("The
2214:
Recordings are in German, unless otherwise specified.
1930:
as the Street Singer. The production was unsuccessful.
27:"Survival Song" redirects here. For the AJJ song, see
3888:
3396:
3097:"Why Bertolt Brecht is still played around the world"
3016:
1847:
A nine-month run in 1976â77 had a new translation by
1598:(Olivier Theatre), 13 March 1986. New translation by
487:, featured Robert Chisholm as Macheath. It opened on
3753:
3323:
3249:
3208:
3181:
2982:
2980:
2713:
2072:
as Jenny. The production received favorable reviews.
2048:, Massachusetts, in June and July 2003. Directed by
807:
Tiger Brown's daughter; claims to be married to Mack
8621:
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
3372:
3028:
1756:conducted a concert performance of the work at the
824:("Spelunken-Jenny"/"Low-Dive Jenny"/"Ginny Jenny"),
3553:
3306:, Piccolo Teatro di Milano, accessed 27 June 2015.
1230:Ruf aus der Gruft (Call from the Grave â Macheath)
1031:to thwart this relationship and destroy Macheath.
34:1928 musical play by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill
4166:Hinton, Stephen (1992). "Dreigroschenoper, Die".
3544:
2977:
2870:, old themes find a new relevance and a new look"
1128:5. Hochzeits-Lied (Wedding Song â Four Gangsters)
1103:2. Die Moritat von Mackie Messer ("The Ballad of
656:(VĂgszĂnhĂĄz), on 6 September 1930. It was titled
298:in Berlin, but was not impressed by the sound of
9876:
5730:/ Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder /
3526:Sasha Velour's One Dollar Drags | "Pirate Jenny"
2631:(Tiger Brown), Beverley Klein (Mrs Peachum) and
1238:20a. Gang zum Galgen (Walk to Gallows â Peachum)
3860:"The Threepenny Opera | Graeae Theatre Company"
3522:
1937:, the work was brought back to Broadway by the
1142:7. Kanonen-Song (Cannon Song â Macheath, Brown)
302:. Brecht immediately proposed a translation of
209:world. It opened on 31 August 1928 at Berlin's
5807:The New York Public Library Theatre Collection
3584:
2597:, 1990, on Koch International Classics 37006.
1682:Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical
1192:Eifersuchtsduett (Jealousy Duet â Lucy, Polly)
1014:A street singer entertains the crowd with the
6638:
6002:The National Theatre Company of Great Britain
5665:
5515:
5038:Der Lindberghflug/The Flight Across the Ocean
4942:
4338:
4245:Thomson, Peter; Sacks, Glendyr, eds. (1994).
4134:
4084:
3341:
2025:, April 27 through June 6, 1982. Adapted by
1779:revivals have been mounted in New York City.
1304:
715:London's greatest and most notorious criminal
713:Macheath ("Mackie Messer"/"Mack the Knife"),
9553:
9542:
6743:
6732:
6686:
6675:
4244:
3082:
2971:
2959:
2933:
2894:
1252:
560:In 1930 the work premiered in Moscow at the
529:
521:
243:
229:
157:
42:
6814:
3140:Newsletter of the literary division of the
1391:
1147:8. Liebeslied (Love Song â Polly, Macheath)
6645:
6631:
5672:
5658:
5522:
5508:
5411:Lost in the Stars: The Music of Kurt Weill
4949:
4935:
4345:
4331:
1758:Brandeis University Creative Arts Festival
1236:Grabschrift (Grave Inscription â Macheath)
755:Peachum's wife; helps him run the business
472:America was introduced to the work by the
310:Brecht used four songs by the French poet
55:
5441:September Songs â The Music of Kurt Weill
4182:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O006155
4151:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3835:"The Threepenny Opera | National Theatre"
3049:"In This Show, Mack the Knife Is a Woman"
2664:, Rolf Wollrad, and Peter Nikolaus Kante.
1840:as Readymoney Matt/Matt of the Mint; and
1836:as PC Smith, the Street Singer and Mack;
4222:
3444:
3329:
3010:
2863:
2087:1931 German- and French-language version
2037:, Timothy Landfield, Jessica James, and
1791:for her role as Jenny, the only time an
1642:Best Supporting Performance in a Musical
1432:", this number has been recorded by the
1194:15b. Arie der Lucy (Aria of Lucy â Lucy)
1168:11a. Polly's Lied (Polly's Song â Polly)
1035:entertainment, Polly gets up and sings "
389:
61:Original German poster from Berlin, 1928
4699:The Trial of Joan of Arc at Rouen, 1431
4135:Haas, Michael; Uekermann, Gerd (1988).
3119:
3046:
2739:Story adapted to Brazilian scenario by
1273:, the work is "the weightiest possible
1265:but conceived in terms of 20th-century
1016:illustrated murder ballad or BĂ€nkelsang
9877:
6195:Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center
5679:
5048:Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny
4889:The Modern Theatre Is the Epic Theatre
4476:Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny
4165:
4143:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3784:"National Theatre, Threepenny Opera".
3771:
3759:
3723:
3402:
3390:
3378:
3366:
3270:
3258:
3214:
3187:
3094:
3022:
2986:
2645:. Conducted by Jan Latham-König, with
1965:as Mrs Peachum, Carlos Leon as Filch,
1898:A 1989 Broadway production, billed as
943:Beggars, gangsters, whores, constables
9479:Six Characters in Search of an Author
6626:
6345:Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)
5653:
5503:
4930:
4427:Downfall of the Egotist Johann Fatzer
4326:
4100:
3800:
3413:
3411:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3156:
2998:
2906:
2198:as Lucy/Whore, Ute Gfrerer as Jenny,
2132:In 1989 an American version (renamed
1768:, who translated the work, narrated.
1152:9. Barbarasong (Barbara Song â Polly)
628:(Chief of Police). The conductor was
582:The first Italian production, titled
515:was presented in October 1930 at the
382:Weill's score shows the influence of
163:
4228:Music in the Early Twentieth Century
4198:
3962:
3122:"Threepenny Politics in Translation"
3034:
2169:
1910:as Macheath. Its cast also featured
1448:performed it in a 1994 documentary.
1436:on the B-side of their 1993 single "
480:, which opened in New York in 1931.
224:have been widely covered and become
4230:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4127:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
2743:, having Rio instead of London, as
2076:
1984:presented a production directed by
1799:, which played Off-Broadway at the
1760:in the Adolph Ullman Amphitheatre,
1534:
980:. Macheath escapes this fate via a
855:Street Singer ("MoritatensÀnger"),
220:and German dance music, songs from
168:) is a German "play with music" by
13:
8681:Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
6558:The Broadway Advocacy Coalition /
6266:New York State Council on the Arts
5008:Der Zar lÀsst sich photographieren
4552:Fear and Misery of the Third Reich
4352:
3803:Staging and Performing Translation
3408:
3220:
3167:. University of California Press.
1764:, to an audience of nearly 5,000.
1731:
1708:) toured the UK, presented by the
1676:as Polly, Nick Holder as Peachum,
1558:, from 21 March 1956. Directed by
1554:, 9 February to 20 March 1956 and
1364:In 1986, American fast-food chain
1224:Salomonsong (Solomon Song â Jenny)
1085:
511:and written by Ninon Steinhof and
14:
9976:
5311:Tschaikowsky (and Other Russians)
4462:The Baden-Baden Lesson on Consent
4297:, Kurt Weill Foundation for Music
4264:
4247:The Cambridge Companion to Brecht
4013:, theatermania.com, June 30, 2003
3342:Dziemianowicz, Joe (2011-10-06).
2453:. In English, new translation by
1748:gave six performances in 1948 in
1580:, opening 10 February 1972. With
1204:â Macheath, Mrs Peachum, Chorus)
686:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
546:equivalent French expression for
440:
9861:
9860:
6067:-American Theatre Society (1972)
5486:
5485:
4911:
4910:
4615:The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui
4545:The Horatians and the Curiatians
4149:Kurt Weill: The Threepenny Opera
3692:Edinburgh International Festival
3648:Internationaal Theater Amsterdam
3585:A. J. Goldmann (5 August 2021).
3142:American Translators Association
3095:Lehnen, Christine (2023-02-09).
2716:
1933:Liberally adapted by playwright
1644:(for Tara Hugo as Jenny) at the
1492:Edinburgh International Festival
1484:Internationaal Theater Amsterdam
753:Celia Peachum ("Frau Peachum"),
467:
290:in a play he was writing called
172:, adapted from a translation by
89:
6507:National Endowment for the Arts
6328:National Endowment for the Arts
5801:Fourth Street Chekov Theatre /
5723:The Importance of Being Earnest
4895:A Short Organum for the Theatre
4643:Schweyk in the Second World War
4587:Mother Courage and Her Children
4056:
4038:
4016:
3999:
3982:
3956:
3932:
3912:
3852:
3827:
3794:
3777:
3729:
3697:
3677:
3653:
3633:
3614:
3578:
3538:
3516:
3492:
3465:
3445:Prescott, Eileen (1987-11-29).
3438:
3335:
3309:
3276:
3193:
3150:
3113:
3088:
3067:
3040:
2864:Pressley, Nelson (2014-04-18).
2838:
2815:
2802:
2779:
1820:, billed as Mildred Cook, then
1602:, directed by Peter Wood. With
1261:, derived from an 18th-century
1218:17a. Reminiszenz (Reminiscence)
1166:Melodram (Melodrama â Macheath)
260:public domain in the US in 2024
9628:Grosvenor School of Modern Art
9621:Fourth dimension in literature
5421:The Young Gods Play Kurt Weill
5391:André Previn and J. J. Johnson
4956:
4288:Internet Off-Broadway Database
4272:Threepenny Opera
4249:. Cambridge University Press.
3996:, curtainup.com, June 28, 2003
3990:A CurtainUp Berkshire Review:
3963:Clay, Carolyn (May 18, 1982).
3523:House of Velour (2018-05-03),
2927:
2900:
2857:
2766:
2241:(MoritatensÀnger; Brown), and
2017:Regional productions include:
1680:as Mrs Peachum (nominated for
1444:covered it on two albums, and
1424:"The Second Threepenny Finale"
499:calling it "a dreary enigma".
165:[diËdÊaÉȘËÉĄÊÉÊnÌ©ËÊoËpÉ]
1:
6652:
6024:New York Shakespeare Festival
5845:New York Shakespeare Festival
5819:American Shakespeare Festival
5798:Proscenium Productions (1955)
4678:Die Verurteilung des Lukullus
4629:The Visions of Simone Machard
4538:Round Heads and Pointed Heads
4027:"The Fine Art Of Slumming It"
3473:"Darin's Son Sues McDonald's"
3447:"The Making of 'Mac Tonight'"
3157:Weill, Kurt (November 1997).
3047:Belcher, David (2022-12-23).
2940:Duke University School of Law
2907:Fuchs, Sybille (2018-10-11).
2850:
2463:New York Shakespeare Festival
2209:
2194:as Mr. Peachum/Rev. Kimball,
2046:Williamstown Theatre Festival
1861:New York Shakespeare Festival
1412:, among others. In addition,
700:Premiere cast, 31 August 1928
519:in Paris. It was rendered as
507:A French version produced by
265:
6397:' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway
6363:/ T. Edward Hambleton (2000)
6170:National Theatre of the Deaf
6152:Circle in the Square Theatre
5697:/ Ira and Rita Katzenberg /
4601:Mr Puntila and His Man Matti
4503:Saint Joan of the Stockyards
4101:Brook, Stephen, ed. (1996).
3500:"The History of Mac Tonight"
2138:) was released, directed by
1722:Birmingham Repertory Theatre
1686:2017 Laurence Olivier Awards
1646:1995 Laurence Olivier Awards
1456:
1247:
964:London, the play focuses on
398:
7:
9950:Tony Award-winning musicals
9721:List of avant-garde artists
8705:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
6355:/ Isabelle Stevenson (1999)
6164:/ Equity Liberty Theatre /
5809:/ The Shakespearewrights /
5401:John Bunch Plays Kurt Weill
4608:The Good Person of Szechwan
4455:The Flight Across the Ocean
3131:(45): 20â31. Archived from
2709:
2670:, 1999, BMG 74321 66133â2,
1501:
1451:
1359:National Recording Registry
1009:
955:
950:
735:Jonathan Jeremiah Peachum,
18:The Threepenny Opera (film)
10:
9981:
9940:Plays based on other plays
9579:Classical Hollywood cinema
6463:Actors' Equity Association
6230:The Actors Fund of America
6090:A Moon for the Misbegotten
6085:Actors' Equity Association
6071:The Actors Fund of America
4874:Separation of the elements
4650:The Caucasian Chalk Circle
4510:The Exception and the Rule
4277:Internet Broadway Database
4119:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
4103:Opera: A Penguin Anthology
4094:
3839:www.nationaltheatre.org.uk
2537:, 1988, on Decca 430 075.
2382:Wilhelm BrĂŒckner-RĂŒggeberg
2178:in collaboration with the
1939:Roundabout Theatre Company
1467:Theater am Schiffbauerdamm
1207:
1157:
1110:
1090:
654:Comedy Theatre of Budapest
647:
403:
296:Theater am Schiffbauerdamm
275:In the winter of 1927â28,
270:
211:Theater am Schiffbauerdamm
140:Theater am Schiffbauerdamm
88:(four songs translated by
26:
22:Mack the Knife (1989 film)
15:
9842:
9520:
9361:
9229:
9069:
8825:
8814:
8657:Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
8611:
8437:
7997:
7480:
7471:
7348:
7132:
6874:
6865:
6660:
6386:/ Robert Whitehead (2002)
6370:
6360:Dame Edna: The Royal Tour
6288:Brooklyn Academy of Music
6154:/ Thomas H. Fitzgerald /
6136:
5687:
5629:
5620:What Keeps Mankind Alive?
5597:
5570:
5548:
5483:
5462:
5381:
5360:Where Do We Go from Here?
5330:
5320:What Keeps Mankind Alive?
5229:
5168:The Firebrand of Florence
4964:
4908:
4796:
4759:What Keeps Mankind Alive?
4729:
4399:Mysteries of a Barbershop
4360:
4208:. London: Fourth Estate.
4105:. London: Penguin Books.
4085:Haas & Uekermann 1988
3160:Kurt Weill, Lotte Lenya,
2678:(conductor, Mr Peachum),
2033:, the production starred
1982:Brooklyn Academy of Music
1494:in 2023, and to the 2024
1430:What Keeps Mankind Alive?
1257:The ambivalent nature of
1253:Opera or musical theatre?
990:when, in an unrestrained
941:
555:
502:
485:Francesco von Mendelssohn
244:
230:
128:
108:
96:
76:
66:
54:
39:
20:. For the 1989 film, see
7442:The Master and Margarita
6459:/ Philip J. Smith (2011)
6330:/ Harvey Sabinson (1995)
6117:Theatre Development Fund
4738:Reminiscence of Marie A.
3083:Thomson & Sacks 1994
2972:Thomson & Sacks 1994
2960:Thomson & Sacks 1994
2914:World Socialist Web Site
2895:Thomson & Sacks 1994
2827:National Theatre, London
2760:
2380:Orchestra, conducted by
1726:West Yorkshire Playhouse
1372:featuring a new mascot "
1202:Second Threepenny Finale
1200:II. Dreigroschenfinale (
1059:
1042:
1021:
679:
577:
377:
336:Johann Christoph Pepusch
180:'s 18th-century English
9890:Plays by Bertolt Brecht
9728:List of modernist poets
9614:Fourth dimension in art
8797:Meshes of the Afternoon
6190:and Charles Moss (1978)
6107:/ Harold Friedlander /
5879:John D. Rockefeller III
4664:The Days of the Commune
4406:In the Jungle of Cities
4174:Oxford University Press
3965:"Cents and sensibility"
3811:10.1057/9780230294608_8
3556:Bertolt Brecht's Berlin
2821:The 2016 adaptation by
2499:00289 4428349 (2 CDs).
2449:PS 34326. Conducted by
2346:Orchestra conducted by
2225:. Abridged/incomplete.
1865:Vivian Beaumont Theater
1746:Northwestern University
1574:Prince of Wales Theatre
16:For the 1931 film, see
9965:Musicals set in stores
9960:Musicals set in London
9910:German-language operas
9812:Second Viennese School
9554:
9543:
7454:The Sound and the Fury
7358:In Search of Lost Time
6815:
6744:
6733:
6687:
6676:
6569:Freestyle Love Supreme
6431:Robert Russell Bennett
6216:/ Hobe Morrison (1980)
6006:Negro Ensemble Company
5962:APA-Phoenix Theatre /
5827:Robert Russell Bennett
5431:Let No One Deceive You
4818:Non-Aristotelian drama
4573:How Much Is Your Iron?
4559:Señora Carrar's Rifles
4005:Portantiere, Michael.
3923:: Debauchery, Updated"
3668:) performance details"
2525:Franz Josef Degenhardt
2206:as the Ballad Singer.
2166:as the Street Singer.
2052:, the musical starred
1762:Waltham, Massachusetts
1738:University of Illinois
1710:Graeae Theatre Company
1600:Robert David MacDonald
1440:", and on two albums.
1302:
789:Jackie "Tiger" Brown,
737:the "Beggar's Friend",
632:. Set designs were by
530:
522:
395:
372:
190:, and four ballads by
158:
43:
9791:Reactionary modernism
9714:List of art movements
6509:/ Miles Wilkin (2016)
6489:John Cameron Mitchell
6256:La Tragedie de Carmen
6234:Warner Communications
6226:Radio City Music Hall
6208:Richard Fitzgerald /
5758:/ Philip Faversham /
5128:Knickerbocker Holiday
5088:The Seven Deadly Sins
4882:Messingkauf Dialogues
4685:Report from Herrnburg
4594:The Trial of Lucullus
4531:The Seven Deadly Sins
4307:, marc-blitzstein.org
3992:The Three Penny Opera
3790:: 30. March 12, 1986.
3787:London Theatre Record
3741:www.arthurlloyd.co.uk
3674:, Rome (October 2022)
3623:Die Dreigroschenoper
3120:Chamberlain, Jane H.
3073:Hinton (2009), p. 56.
2390:, 1966, conducted by
2374:Willy Trenk-Trebitsch
2235:Willy Trenk-Trebitsch
1290:
435:Nazi seizure of power
393:
359:
216:With influences from
9955:Musicals about gangs
9935:Operas set in London
9905:Operas by Kurt Weill
9635:Hanshinkan Modernism
9491:The Threepenny Opera
9407:Pelléas et Mélisande
6403:James M. Nederlander
6079:Shubert Organization
5864:La Plume de Ma Tante
5812:The Threepenny Opera
5705:/ P. A. MacDonald /
5579:The Threepenny Opera
5540:The Threepenny Opera
5340:The Threepenny Opera
5018:The Threepenny Opera
4636:The Duchess of Malfi
4448:The Threepenny Opera
4303:The Threepenny Opera
4294:Die Dreigroschenoper
4283:The Threepenny Opera
4123:Die Dreigroschenoper
4066:The Threepenny Opera
4009:The Threepenny Opera
4007:"Berkshires Review:
3708:performance details"
3706:The Threepenny Opera
3688:performance details"
3686:The Threepenny Opera
3666:Die Dreigroschenoper
3662:The Threepenny Opera
3644:performance details"
3642:Die Dreigroschenoper
3625:performance details"
3589:The Threepenny Opera
3295:, photos, costumes;
3284:L'opera da tre soldi
3243:11 July 2020 at the
3235:The Threepenny Opera
3001:, pp. 471â472..
2789:production starring
2668:Die Dreigroschenoper
2639:Die Dreigroschenoper
2609:The Threepenny Opera
2595:Die Dreigroschenoper
2587:Berlin Sinfonietta,
2535:Die Dreigroschenoper
2527:(Mor). Conducted by
2493:Die Dreigroschenoper
2443:The Threepenny Opera
2388:Die Dreigroschenoper
2378:Sender Freies Berlin
2354:Die Dreigroschenoper
2294:Die Dreigroschenoper
2268:The Threepenny Opera
2260:. Released on CD by
2219:Die Dreigroschenoper
2095:Die Dreigroschenoper
2031:Geraldine Fitzgerald
1971:Brian Charles Rooney
1844:as Crookfinger Jake.
1797:The Threepenny Opera
1714:Nottingham Playhouse
1638:Best Musical Revival
1518:Ernst Josef Aufricht
1513:The Threepenny Opera
1463:The Threepenny Opera
1446:William S. Burroughs
1438:Can You Forgive Her?
1370:advertising campaign
1284:The Weill authority
1259:The Threepenny Opera
640:; costume design by
584:L'opera da tre soldi
523:L'Opéra de quat'sous
517:Théùtre Montparnasse
447:Berthold Goldschmidt
409:The Threepenny Opera
344:Die Dreigroschenoper
281:Ernst Josef Aufricht
256:The Threepenny Opera
222:The Threepenny Opera
159:Die Dreigroschenoper
152:The Threepenny Opera
48:The Threepenny Opera
44:Die Dreigroschenoper
9930:Fiction set in 1838
9693:International Style
9443:Afternoon of a Faun
8729:Battleship Potemkin
8633:Mont Sainte-Victoir
6523:Andrew Lloyd Webber
6479:/ Paul Libin (2013)
6052:Fiddler on the Roof
5833:/ Joseph Harbuck /
5831:William Hammerstein
5823:Jean-Louis Barrault
5248:J'attends un navire
4998:Mahagonny-Songspiel
4392:Driving Out a Devil
4137:Zu unserer Aufnahme
3938:Feingold, Michael.
3909:, pp. 108â115.
3348:New York Daily News
2897:, pp. 108â109.
2875:The Washington Post
2358:Johanna von Koczian
2256:Band, conducted by
2202:as Tiger Brown and
2129:as Moritat singer.
1945:in March 2006 with
1926:as Suky Tawdry and
1826:Jo Sullivan Loesser
1824:) as Mrs. Peachum;
1552:Royal Court Theatre
1529:ThĂ©Ăątre de l'Ătoile
1133:6. SeerÀuberjenny (
1107:" â Street singer)
986:moments before the
688:
590:, premiered at the
277:Elisabeth Hauptmann
174:Elisabeth Hauptmann
123:Elisabeth Hauptmann
9572:Buddhist modernism
9529:American modernism
9455:The Rite of Spring
7430:The Sun Also Rises
7406:The Magic Mountain
6605:/ Nikiya Mathis /
6193:Walter F. Diehl /
5681:Special Tony Award
5561:The Beggar's Opera
5472:The Berlin Requiem
5370:One Touch of Venus
5198:Down in the Valley
5158:One Touch of Venus
4720:Trumpets and Drums
4378:Drums in the Night
4169:Grove Music Online
4032:The New York Times
3969:The Boston Phoenix
3953:, October 12, 2011
3945:2015-05-18 at the
3600:The New York Times
3452:The New York Times
3302:2018-03-13 at the
3291:2015-06-30 at the
3054:The New York Times
2934:Jennifer Jenkins.
2559:Wolfgang Reichmann
2344:Vienna State Opera
2113:in 1963, starring
2105:, was directed by
2068:as Lucy Brown and
1988:and featuring the
1949:playing Macheath,
1928:Ethyl Eichelberger
1750:Evanston, Illinois
1718:New Wolsey Theatre
1578:Piccadilly Theatre
1547:revivals include:
926:Werner Maschmeyer
850:Naphtali Lehrmann
684:
461:The Beggar's Opera
396:
348:The Beggar's Opera
340:The Beggar's Opera
322:Karl Anton Klammer
304:The Beggar's Opera
238:" ("The Ballad of
201:The work offers a
187:The Beggar's Opera
114:The Beggar's Opera
9900:West End musicals
9895:Broadway musicals
9872:
9871:
9600:Experimental film
9516:
9515:
9503:Waiting for Godot
8810:
8809:
7467:
7466:
7370:The Metamorphosis
6620:
6619:
6531:Bruce Springsteen
6503:Marshall W. Mason
6340:Bernard B. Jacobs
6065:The Theatre Guild
5990:Leonard Bernstein
5972:Maurice Chevalier
5903:Franco Zeffirelli
5889:The Theatre Guild
5765:Ruth Green (1951)
5728:Robert W. Dowling
5707:Vincent Sardi Sr.
5647:
5646:
5497:
5496:
5284:The Saga of Jenny
5218:Lost in the Stars
5148:We Will Never Die
4924:
4923:
4830:Defamiliarization
4773:Einheitsfrontlied
4622:Hangmen Also Die!
4434:The Elephant Calf
4256:978-0-521-42485-1
4237:978-0-19-538484-0
4224:Taruskin, Richard
4215:978-1-84115-475-6
4205:The Rest Is Noise
4191:978-1-56159-263-0
4158:978-0-521-33026-8
4125:(31 August 1928)"
4112:978-0-14-026073-1
3951:The Village Voice
3885:, pp. 97â99.
3820:978-1-349-31003-6
3774:, pp. 75â76.
3726:, pp. 71â72.
3712:Adelaide Festival
3567:978-0-385-05501-7
3546:Von Eckardt, Wolf
3393:, pp. 28â29.
3369:, pp. 50â77.
3273:, pp. 64â65.
2962:, pp. 81â84.
2746:Ăpera do Malandro
2649:, Gabriele Ramm,
2505:Helmut Qualtinger
2451:Stanley Silverman
2394:on Philips. With
2278:(Polly Peachum),
2264:Classics in 1990.
2170:Radio adaptations
2092:Another version,
2023:Charles Playhouse
1999:The Village Voice
1990:Berliner Ensemble
1805:Greenwich Village
1754:Leonard Bernstein
1496:Adelaide Festival
1428:Under the title "
1406:Tania Tsanaklidou
948:
947:
235:von Mackie Messer
148:
147:
9972:
9864:
9863:
9835:
9833:Vulgar modernism
9828:
9826:Underground film
9821:
9814:
9807:
9800:
9793:
9786:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9758:
9751:
9744:
9737:
9730:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9695:
9688:
9679:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9651:
9649:Hippie modernism
9644:
9637:
9630:
9623:
9616:
9609:
9602:
9595:
9588:
9581:
9574:
9567:
9565:Bloomsbury Group
9560:
9559:
9549:
9548:
9538:
9531:
9509:
9508:
9497:
9496:
9485:
9484:
9473:
9472:
9461:
9460:
9449:
9448:
9437:
9436:
9425:
9424:
9413:
9412:
9401:
9400:
9389:
9388:
9377:
9376:
9354:
9347:
9340:
9333:
9326:
9319:
9312:
9305:
9298:
9291:
9284:
9277:
9270:
9263:
9256:
9249:
9242:
9222:
9215:
9208:
9201:
9194:
9187:
9180:
9173:
9166:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9117:
9110:
9103:
9096:
9089:
9082:
9062:
9055:
9048:
9041:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9013:
9006:
8999:
8992:
8985:
8978:
8971:
8964:
8957:
8950:
8943:
8936:
8929:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8901:
8894:
8887:
8880:
8873:
8866:
8859:
8852:
8845:
8838:
8823:
8822:
8803:
8802:
8791:
8790:
8779:
8778:
8769:
8768:
8759:
8758:
8753:Un Chien Andalou
8747:
8746:
8735:
8734:
8723:
8722:
8717:Ballet MĂ©canique
8711:
8710:
8699:
8698:
8687:
8686:
8675:
8674:
8663:
8662:
8651:
8650:
8645:The Starry Night
8639:
8638:
8627:
8626:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8541:
8534:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8499:
8492:
8485:
8478:
8471:
8464:
8457:
8450:
8430:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8402:
8395:
8388:
8381:
8374:
8367:
8360:
8353:
8346:
8339:
8332:
8325:
8318:
8311:
8304:
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8290:
8283:
8276:
8269:
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8234:
8227:
8220:
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8199:
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8136:
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8108:
8101:
8094:
8087:
8080:
8073:
8066:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8038:
8031:
8024:
8017:
8010:
7990:
7983:
7976:
7974:Toulouse-Lautrec
7969:
7962:
7955:
7948:
7941:
7934:
7927:
7920:
7913:
7906:
7899:
7892:
7885:
7878:
7871:
7864:
7857:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7794:
7787:
7780:
7773:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7745:
7738:
7731:
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7703:
7696:
7689:
7682:
7675:
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7654:
7647:
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7493:
7478:
7477:
7460:
7459:
7448:
7447:
7436:
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7424:
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7412:
7411:
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7388:
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7215:
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7201:
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7187:
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7173:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7125:
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7111:
7104:
7097:
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7083:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7048:
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7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6978:
6971:
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6957:
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6943:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6872:
6871:
6858:
6851:
6844:
6837:
6830:
6821:
6820:
6810:
6803:
6796:
6789:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6757:
6750:
6749:
6739:
6738:
6735:Der Blaue Reiter
6728:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6692:
6682:
6681:
6671:
6647:
6640:
6633:
6624:
6623:
6573:Graciela Daniele
6545:Terrence McNally
6513:James Earl Jones
6435:Stephen Sondheim
6214:Mary Tyler Moore
6045:Roger L. Stevens
6028:Barbra Streisand
5976:Marlene Dietrich
5935:Eva Le Gallienne
5871:Burgess Meredith
5841:Mrs. Martin Beck
5695:Dora Chamberlain
5674:
5667:
5660:
5651:
5650:
5638:Threepenny Novel
5524:
5517:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5489:
5488:
5476:
5455:
5445:
5435:
5425:
5415:
5405:
5395:
5374:
5364:
5354:
5344:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5287:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5242:
5222:
5212:
5202:
5192:
5182:
5172:
5162:
5152:
5142:
5138:Lady in the Dark
5132:
5122:
5118:The Eternal Road
5112:
5102:
5092:
5082:
5072:
5062:
5052:
5042:
5032:
5022:
5012:
5002:
4992:
4982:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4914:
4913:
4766:SolidaritÀtslied
4441:Little Mahagonny
4347:
4340:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4260:
4241:
4219:
4195:
4172:(8th ed.).
4162:
4140:
4130:
4116:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4060:
4054:
4042:
4036:
4020:
4014:
4003:
3997:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3960:
3954:
3936:
3930:
3925:by Jeff Lunden,
3921:Threepenny Opera
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3856:
3850:
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3781:
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3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3701:
3695:
3681:
3675:
3672:Teatro Argentina
3657:
3651:
3637:
3631:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3572:Internet Archive
3560:. Anchor Press.
3559:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3504:www.retroist.com
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
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3415:
3406:
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3370:
3364:
3358:
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3355:
3354:
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3333:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3247:
3231:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3199:Bertolt Brecht.
3197:
3191:
3185:
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2885:
2883:
2882:
2868:Threepenny Opera
2866:"In Signature's
2861:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:(sung by Jenny).
2819:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2783:
2777:
2770:
2733:Threepenny Novel
2726:
2721:
2720:
2704:
2663:
2655:Walter Raffeiner
2615:). Conducted by
2582:
2571:
2487:Elizabeth Wilson
2465:cast, including
2434:
2419:
2408:
2392:Wolfgang Rennert
2376:, Arndt Chorus,
2362:Trude Hesterberg
2348:F. Charles Adler
2337:
2315:, Jenny Miller,
2314:
2302:Anny Felbermayer
2255:
2180:BBC Philharmonic
2158:as Tiger Brown,
2154:as Mrs Peachum,
2125:as Peachum, and
2107:Wolfgang Staudte
2104:
2081:German director
2077:Film adaptations
2039:Maryann Plunkett
2029:and directed by
1967:Adam Alexi-Malle
1916:Maureen McGovern
1914:as Mrs Peachum,
1904:Michael Feingold
1902:, translated by
1812:as Mr. Peachum;
1706:Donmar Warehouse
1700:on 22 September.
1658:National Theatre
1652:National Theatre
1632:as Macheath and
1622:Donmar Warehouse
1618:(Adam) as Jenny.
1596:National Theatre
1582:Vanessa Redgrave
1526:
1488:Teatro Argentina
1471:Wolf Von Eckardt
1305:"Mack the Knife"
1243:
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1097:
1004:Threepenny Opera
689:
687:
683:
676:(Mrs. Peachum).
658:A koldus operĂĄja
627:
612:
600:Mario Carotenuto
588:Giorgio Strehler
586:and directed by
566:Alexander Tairov
536:
525:
368:Dreigroschenoper
363:Dreigroschenoper
330:
319:
318:
289:
247:
246:
237:
236:
228:, most notably "
205:critique of the
194:, with music by
167:
161:
144:
143:
121:, translated by
59:
49:
46:
37:
36:
9980:
9979:
9975:
9974:
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9969:
9945:German musicals
9875:
9874:
9873:
9868:
9859:
9851:
9838:
9831:
9824:
9819:Structural film
9817:
9810:
9803:
9796:
9789:
9782:
9775:
9770:New Objectivity
9768:
9761:
9756:Neo-romanticism
9754:
9749:Neo-primitivism
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9395:VerklÀrte Nacht
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6717:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6685:
6674:
6667:
6656:
6651:
6621:
6616:
6611:George C. Wolfe
6583:James C. Nicola
6579:Angela Lansbury
6564:American Utopia
6537:Rosemary Harris
6499:Sheldon Harnick
6473:Bernard Gersten
6395:Russell Simmons
6366:
6203:Richard Rodgers
6162:Cheryl Crawford
6156:Mathilde Pincus
6132:
6121:John F. Wharton
6061:Richard Rodgers
5929:W. McNeil Lowry
5917:Jonathan Miller
5899:Richard Rodgers
5895:Brooks Atkinson
5787:Beatrice Lillie
5760:Brock Pemberton
5699:Jules Leventhal
5683:
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4985:
4978:Der Protagonist
4975:
4967:
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4925:
4920:
4904:
4854:Historicization
4798:
4792:
4725:
4566:Life of Galileo
4362:
4356:
4351:
4305:English version
4301:Information on
4267:
4257:
4238:
4216:
4192:
4159:
4145:Hinton, Stephen
4128:
4113:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4043:
4039:
4021:
4017:
4004:
4000:
3988:Sommer, Elyse.
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3961:
3957:
3947:Wayback Machine
3937:
3933:
3929:, 15 April 2006
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3314:
3310:
3304:Wayback Machine
3293:Wayback Machine
3281:
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3269:
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3257:
3250:
3245:Wayback Machine
3232:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3155:
3151:
3138:on 2013-08-09.
3135:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3105:
3103:
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2893:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2820:
2816:
2810:Marc Blitzstein
2807:
2803:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2698:
2696:Hannes Hellmann
2690:(Mrs Peachum),
2672:Ensemble Modern
2657:
2647:Ulrike Steinsky
2603:Waldemar Kmentt
2576:
2565:
2563:Susanne Tremper
2561:(Tiger Brown),
2549:(Mrs Peachum),
2501:Hannes Messemer
2483:C. K. Alexander
2461:. Starring the
2437:Franz Kutschera
2428:
2413:
2402:
2400:Edith Teichmann
2331:
2321:Helge Rosvaenge
2308:
2249:
2212:
2172:
2127:Sammy Davis Jr.
2098:
2079:
2054:Jesse L. Martin
2027:Marc Blitzstein
1961:as Mr Peachum,
1873:Richard Foreman
1766:Marc Blitzstein
1734:
1694:Peter de Jersey
1628:(lyrics). With
1590:Barbara Windsor
1568:Daphne Anderson
1556:Aldwych Theatre
1537:
1520:
1504:
1459:
1454:
1426:
1394:
1355:Robbie Williams
1335:Ella Fitzgerald
1327:Louis Armstrong
1315:Marc Blitzstein
1307:
1267:musical theatre
1255:
1250:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
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1227:
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1113:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1086:Musical numbers
1062:
1045:
1024:
1012:
983:deus ex machina
958:
953:
904:Karl Hannemann
825:
771:Polly Peachum,
738:
701:
685:
682:
674:Ella Gombaszögi
650:
634:Luciano Damiani
621:
606:
604:Marina Bonfigli
580:
562:Kamerny Theatre
558:
505:
497:Gilbert Gabriel
470:
443:
406:
401:
380:
324:
316:
315:
312:François Villon
283:
273:
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192:François Villon
138:
132:
86:François Villon
83:
62:
47:
41:
35:
32:
25:
12:
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5:
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9808:
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9794:
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9780:
9777:Poetic realism
9773:
9766:
9759:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9731:
9724:
9717:
9710:
9707:Late modernity
9703:
9700:Late modernism
9696:
9689:
9682:
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9680:
9673:
9666:
9652:
9645:
9642:High modernism
9638:
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9603:
9596:
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9586:Degenerate art
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9556:Ballets Russes
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8309:Ray (Satyajit)
8305:
8302:Ray (Nicholas)
8298:
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7394:The Waste Land
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7244:
7237:
7230:
7223:
7216:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7174:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7138:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6880:
6878:
6869:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6804:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6767:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6751:
6740:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6705:Constructivism
6701:
6694:
6683:
6672:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6657:
6650:
6649:
6642:
6635:
6627:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6596:
6586:
6576:
6556:
6553:Harold Wheeler
6534:
6519:John Leguizamo
6516:
6510:
6496:
6486:
6483:Jane Greenwood
6480:
6470:
6460:
6454:
6447:Alan Ayckbourn
6444:
6438:
6428:
6422:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6387:
6381:
6378:Paul Gemignani
6374:
6372:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6356:
6346:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6324:Carol Channing
6321:
6311:
6303:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6275:
6269:
6259:
6243:
6237:
6223:
6217:
6206:
6191:
6181:
6159:
6148:Richard Burton
6140:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6124:
6082:
6068:
6048:
6031:
6009:
5987:
5980:Audrey Hepburn
5968:Carol Channing
5960:
5954:
5948:
5941:Gilbert Miller
5938:
5932:
5906:
5892:
5882:
5868:
5855:Howard Lindsay
5848:
5838:
5816:
5799:
5796:
5790:
5780:
5766:
5763:
5753:
5747:
5744:James Whitmore
5710:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5677:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5654:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5606:Mack the Knife
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5587:Mack the Knife
5583:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5531:Bertolt Brecht
5527:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5504:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5446:
5436:
5426:
5416:
5406:
5396:
5385:
5383:
5382:Tribute albums
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5365:
5355:
5345:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5315:
5306:
5297:
5293:September Song
5288:
5279:
5270:
5261:
5257:Mack the Knife
5252:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5213:
5203:
5193:
5183:
5178:A Flag Is Born
5173:
5163:
5153:
5143:
5133:
5123:
5113:
5108:Johnny Johnson
5103:
5093:
5083:
5073:
5068:Die BĂŒrgschaft
5063:
5053:
5043:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5003:
4993:
4983:
4972:
4970:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4825:Complex seeing
4821:
4820:
4815:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4420:Man Equals Man
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4354:Bertolt Brecht
4350:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4312:Mack the Knife
4308:
4298:
4290:
4279:
4266:
4265:External links
4263:
4262:
4261:
4255:
4242:
4236:
4220:
4214:
4196:
4190:
4163:
4157:
4141:
4132:
4117:
4111:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4077:
4055:
4046:Mack the Knife
4037:
4035:, July 4, 2003
4015:
3998:
3981:
3955:
3931:
3911:
3899:
3897:, p. 104.
3887:
3875:
3864:www.graeae.org
3851:
3841:. 2 March 2016
3826:
3819:
3793:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3728:
3716:
3696:
3676:
3652:
3632:
3629:Ruhrfestspiele
3613:
3591:, Without the
3577:
3566:
3550:Gilman, Sander
3537:
3515:
3491:
3464:
3437:
3407:
3405:, p. 146.
3395:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3334:
3322:
3308:
3275:
3263:
3248:
3219:
3207:
3192:
3180:
3173:
3149:
3112:
3087:
3085:, p. 111.
3075:
3066:
3039:
3037:, p. 192.
3027:
3025:, p. 161.
3015:
3013:, p. 535.
3003:
2991:
2976:
2974:, p. 108.
2964:
2952:
2926:
2899:
2887:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2837:
2823:Simon Stephens
2814:
2801:
2778:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2684:Sona MacDonald
2665:
2636:
2629:Simon Dormandy
2606:
2592:
2547:Helga Dernesch
2532:
2490:
2485:(Peachum) and
2440:
2426:Dieter Brammer
2385:
2370:Wolfgang Neuss
2366:Erich Schellow
2351:
2340:Liane Augustin
2291:
2265:
2211:
2208:
2184:Joseph Millson
2171:
2168:
2162:as Jenny, and
2148:Richard Harris
2135:Mack the Knife
2119:Hildegard Knef
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2058:Melissa Errico
2042:
2015:
2014:
2005:Kander and Ebb
1978:
1931:
1896:
1871:, directed by
1869:Lincoln Center
1845:
1801:Theater de Lys
1771:At least five
1733:
1730:
1702:
1701:
1664:, directed by
1662:Simon Stephens
1655:
1649:
1619:
1616:Eve Polycarpou
1593:
1571:
1536:
1535:United Kingdom
1533:
1503:
1500:
1480:Ruhrfestspiele
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1425:
1422:
1393:
1392:"Pirate Jenny"
1390:
1319:Mack the Knife
1311:Harald Paulsen
1306:
1303:
1286:Stephen Hinton
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1209:
1206:
1159:
1156:
1112:
1109:
1105:Mack the Knife
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1061:
1058:
1050:Queen Victoria
1044:
1041:
1037:SeerÀuberjenny
1023:
1020:
1011:
1008:
957:
954:
952:
949:
946:
945:
939:
938:
937:Albert Venohr
935:
932:
928:
927:
924:
921:
917:
916:
915:Manfred FĂŒrst
913:
910:
906:
905:
902:
899:
895:
894:
893:Ernst Rotmund
891:
888:
884:
883:
878:
875:
868:
867:
862:
859:
852:
851:
848:
845:
838:
837:
832:
831:mezzo-soprano
829:
818:
817:
812:
809:
802:
801:
796:
793:
786:
785:
780:
775:
768:
767:
762:
757:
750:
749:
744:
741:
732:
731:
729:Harald Paulsen
726:
717:
710:
709:
698:
693:
681:
678:
666:Franciska Gaal
649:
646:
592:Piccolo Teatro
579:
576:
564:, directed by
557:
554:
504:
501:
493:Empire Theatre
469:
466:
442:
441:United Kingdom
439:
405:
402:
400:
397:
379:
376:
272:
269:
267:
264:
245:SeerÀuberjenny
240:Mack the Knife
170:Bertolt Brecht
146:
145:
130:
126:
125:
110:
106:
105:
103:Bertolt Brecht
100:
94:
93:
81:Bertolt Brecht
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9977:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9925:Ballad operas
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9885:1928 musicals
9883:
9882:
9880:
9867:
9857:
9856:
9855:Postmodernism
9850:
9849:
9841:
9834:
9830:
9827:
9823:
9820:
9816:
9813:
9809:
9806:
9802:
9799:
9798:Metamodernism
9795:
9792:
9788:
9785:
9781:
9778:
9774:
9771:
9767:
9764:
9763:New Hollywood
9760:
9757:
9753:
9750:
9746:
9743:
9739:
9736:
9732:
9729:
9725:
9722:
9718:
9715:
9711:
9708:
9704:
9701:
9697:
9694:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9678:
9674:
9671:
9667:
9664:
9660:
9659:
9657:
9656:Impressionism
9653:
9650:
9646:
9643:
9639:
9636:
9632:
9629:
9625:
9622:
9618:
9615:
9611:
9608:
9604:
9601:
9597:
9594:
9590:
9587:
9583:
9580:
9576:
9573:
9569:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9557:
9551:
9547:
9546:
9540:
9537:
9533:
9530:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9519:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9487:
9481:
9480:
9475:
9469:
9468:
9463:
9457:
9456:
9451:
9445:
9444:
9439:
9433:
9432:
9427:
9421:
9420:
9415:
9409:
9408:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9385:
9384:
9379:
9373:
9372:
9367:
9366:
9364:
9360:
9353:
9349:
9346:
9342:
9339:
9335:
9332:
9328:
9325:
9321:
9318:
9314:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9300:
9297:
9293:
9290:
9286:
9283:
9279:
9276:
9272:
9269:
9265:
9262:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9248:
9244:
9241:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9232:
9228:
9221:
9217:
9214:
9210:
9207:
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9200:
9196:
9193:
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9186:
9182:
9179:
9175:
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9168:
9165:
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9144:
9140:
9137:
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9119:
9116:
9112:
9109:
9105:
9102:
9098:
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9068:
9061:
9057:
9054:
9050:
9047:
9043:
9040:
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9033:
9029:
9026:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9008:
9005:
9001:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8987:
8984:
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8977:
8973:
8970:
8966:
8963:
8959:
8956:
8952:
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8942:
8938:
8935:
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8928:
8924:
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8910:
8907:
8903:
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8896:
8893:
8889:
8886:
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8854:
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8847:
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8824:
8821:
8819:
8813:
8799:
8798:
8793:
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8771:
8765:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8731:
8730:
8725:
8719:
8718:
8713:
8707:
8706:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8665:
8659:
8658:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8641:
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8623:
8622:
8617:
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8614:
8610:
8603:
8599:
8596:
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8568:
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8540:
8536:
8533:
8529:
8526:
8522:
8519:
8515:
8512:
8508:
8505:
8501:
8498:
8494:
8491:
8490:Hundertwasser
8487:
8484:
8480:
8477:
8473:
8470:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8429:
8425:
8422:
8418:
8415:
8411:
8408:
8404:
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8390:
8387:
8383:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8369:
8366:
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7908:
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7235:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7217:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7168:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7124:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7068:
7064:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7050:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6963:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Literary arts
6864:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:Neoplasticism
6805:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6779:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:Functionalism
6768:
6765:
6761:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:Expressionism
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6698:Ashcan School
6695:
6691:
6690:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6648:
6643:
6641:
6636:
6634:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6560:David Byrne's
6557:
6554:
6550:
6549:Sonny Tilders
6546:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6451:Marian Seldes
6448:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6419:Harold Prince
6416:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6353:Arthur Miller
6350:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6318:Jessica Tandy
6315:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6278:George Abbott
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6247:A Chorus Line
6244:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6184:Irving Berlin
6182:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6166:Barry Manilow
6163:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6144:George Abbott
6142:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6128:
6127:Al Hirschfeld
6125:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6113:Liza Minnelli
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6035:Elliot Norton
6033:Ingram Ash /
6032:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6016:Lynn Fontanne
6013:
6010:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5994:Carol Burnett
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:David Merrick
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5925:Irving Berlin
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5885:David Merrick
5883:
5880:
5876:
5875:James Thurber
5872:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5851:Russel Crouse
5849:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5769:Charles Boyer
5767:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5756:Maurice Evans
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5740:George Pierce
5737:
5733:
5732:June Lockhart
5729:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5715:
5712:Vera Allen /
5711:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5670:
5668:
5663:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5532:
5525:
5520:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5492:
5482:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5249:
5244:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5098:Der Kuhhandel
5094:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5078:Der Silbersee
5074:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4919:
4918:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4869:Refunctioning
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4859:Interruptions
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:Demonstration
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:Der Neinsager
4485:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4126:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4069:
4068:, Drama on 3"
4067:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4023:Brantley, Ben
4019:
4012:
4010:
4002:
3995:
3993:
3985:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3879:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3762:, p. 74.
3761:
3756:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3700:
3694:(August 2023)
3693:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3636:
3630:
3627:, June 2021,
3626:
3624:
3617:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3330:Casaglia 2005
3326:
3318:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3272:
3267:
3261:, p. 63.
3260:
3255:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3217:, p. 81.
3216:
3211:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3190:, p. 72.
3189:
3184:
3176:
3174:9780520212404
3170:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3070:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3012:
3011:Taruskin 2010
3007:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2856:
2841:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2741:Chico Buarque
2738:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2714:
2705:(Tiger Brown)
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2651:Jane Henschel
2648:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:(Mr Peachum).
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:Tom Hollander
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:(Mrs Peachum)
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:Caroline Kava
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:Ralph Manheim
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2325:Alfred Jerger
2322:
2318:
2317:Rosette Anday
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:Charlotte Rae
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:Theo Mackeben
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:Conrad Nelson
2197:
2196:Rosalie Craig
2193:
2189:
2186:as Macheath,
2185:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2164:Roger Daltrey
2161:
2160:Julia Migenes
2157:
2153:
2152:Julie Walters
2149:
2146:as Macheath,
2145:
2141:
2140:Menahem Golan
2137:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:as Macheath,
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2071:
2070:Betty Buckley
2067:
2063:
2062:David Schramm
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:Robert Wilson
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:Aszure Barton
1972:
1969:as Jacob and
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Wallace Shawn
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:Georgia Brown
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:3 Penny Opera
1897:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:as Lucy, and
1882:
1879:as Macheath,
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:Ralph Manheim
1846:
1843:
1842:Jerry Stiller
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Charlotte Rae
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:United States
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:Rosalie Craig
1672:as Macheath,
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:Tom Hollander
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1612:Joanna Foster
1609:
1606:as Macheath,
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:as Macheath,
1565:
1561:
1560:Sam Wanamaker
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:in 2022, the
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:Pet Shop Boys
1431:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:Steeleye Span
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1386:copyright law
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:Michael Bublé
1348:
1344:
1343:Frank Sinatra
1340:
1339:Sonny Rollins
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:jazz standard
1321:", and now a
1320:
1316:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1245:
1205:
1203:
1155:
1136:
1108:
1106:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1007:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:
979:
973:
971:
967:
963:
944:
940:
936:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
918:
914:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
897:
896:
892:
889:
886:
885:
882:
879:
876:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
858:
854:
853:
849:
846:
844:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
828:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
770:
769:
766:
763:
761:
760:mezzo-soprano
758:
756:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
740:
734:
733:
730:
727:
725:
721:
718:
716:
712:
711:
708:
707:Theo Mackeben
704:
699:
697:
694:
691:
690:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
645:
643:
642:Ezio Frigerio
639:
635:
631:
630:Bruno Maderna
625:
620:
619:Enzo Tarascio
616:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
573:
572:
567:
563:
553:
551:
550:
545:
544:idiomatically
541:
537:
535:
534:
526:
524:
518:
514:
513:André Mauprey
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
468:United States
465:
463:
462:
456:
455:Ernest Newman
452:
448:
438:
436:
431:
428:
426:
425:Dresdner Bank
422:
421:Harry Kessler
418:
414:
410:
392:
388:
385:
375:
371:
369:
364:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:arranged for
337:
332:
328:
323:
313:
308:
305:
301:
300:Fleischhacker
297:
293:
292:Fleischhacker
287:
282:
278:
263:
261:
257:
253:
251:
241:
234:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
162:
160:
154:
153:
141:
136:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
115:
111:
107:
104:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
58:
53:
50:
45:
38:
30:
23:
19:
9853:
9846:
9593:Ecomodernism
9501:
9490:
9489:
9477:
9465:
9453:
9441:
9431:The Firebird
9429:
9417:
9405:
9393:
9381:
9369:
8795:
8785:Citizen Kane
8783:
8774:Fallingwater
8764:Villa Savoye
8751:
8739:
8727:
8715:
8703:
8693:Black Square
8691:
8679:
8667:
8655:
8643:
8631:
8619:
8511:Le Corbusier
8439:Architecture
7452:
7440:
7428:
7418:Mrs Dalloway
7416:
7404:
7392:
7380:
7368:
7356:
7241:Lowell (Amy)
6607:Jack O'Brien
6599:Alex Edelman
6562:
6541:Marin Mazzie
6527:Chita Rivera
6477:Ming Cho Lee
6467:Hugh Jackman
6457:Athol Fugard
6441:Jerry Herman
6424:
6409:Edward Albee
6393:
6384:Julie Harris
6371:2001âpresent
6358:
6333:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6282:Jackie Mason
6271:
6255:
6252:Peter Feller
6245:
6239:
6188:Stan Dragoti
6109:Bette Midler
6105:Dudley Moore
6094:
6088:
6075:John Lindsay
6057:Ethel Merman
6050:
6038:
5998:Rex Harrison
5964:Pearl Bailey
5956:
5951:Helen Menken
5945:Oliver Smith
5921:Dudley Moore
5909:Alan Bennett
5862:
5859:John Gielgud
5811:
5810:
5792:
5773:Judy Garland
5749:
5721:
5718:Joe E. Brown
5714:Paul Beisman
5703:Burns Mantle
5636:
5613:Pirate Jenny
5585:
5577:
5559:
5539:
5538:
5470:
5449:
5439:
5429:
5419:
5409:
5399:
5389:
5368:
5358:
5348:
5338:
5275:Pirate Jenny
5239:Alabama Song
5216:
5206:
5196:
5188:Street Scene
5186:
5176:
5166:
5156:
5146:
5136:
5126:
5116:
5106:
5096:
5086:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5046:
5036:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5006:
4996:
4988:Royal Palace
4986:
4976:
4915:
4900:Street scene
4887:
4880:
4846:
4839:
4810:
4806:Epic theatre
4797:Theories and
4752:Pirate Jenny
4745:Alabama Song
4730:Poems, songs
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4496:The Decision
4494:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4281:
4271:
4246:
4227:
4203:
4167:
4148:
4136:
4129:(in Italian)
4122:
4102:
4080:
4065:
4058:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4018:
4008:
4001:
3991:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3968:
3958:
3950:
3934:
3920:
3914:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3867:. Retrieved
3863:
3854:
3843:. Retrieved
3838:
3829:
3802:
3796:
3785:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3744:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3719:
3714:(March 2024)
3705:
3699:
3685:
3679:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3641:
3635:
3622:
3616:
3604:. Retrieved
3598:
3592:
3588:
3580:
3570:– via
3555:
3540:
3530:, retrieved
3525:
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3503:
3494:
3483:. Retrieved
3481:. 1989-10-15
3478:Deseret News
3476:
3467:
3456:. Retrieved
3450:
3440:
3429:. Retrieved
3427:. 2018-12-04
3422:
3398:
3386:
3381:, p. 1.
3374:
3362:
3351:. Retrieved
3347:
3337:
3325:
3311:
3283:
3278:
3266:
3234:
3210:
3201:
3195:
3183:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3139:
3133:the original
3128:
3115:
3104:. Retrieved
3100:
3090:
3078:
3069:
3058:. Retrieved
3052:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2967:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2929:
2918:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:
2890:
2879:. Retrieved
2873:
2867:
2859:
2840:
2830:
2817:
2804:
2794:
2787:off-Broadway
2781:
2768:
2752:
2744:
2731:
2724:Opera portal
2692:Timna Brauer
2682:(Macheath),
2667:
2638:
2627:(Macheath),
2621:Sharon Small
2617:Gary Yershon
2608:
2599:Manfred Jung
2594:
2589:John Mauceri
2541:(Macheath),
2534:
2521:Hanne Wieder
2492:
2471:Ellen Greene
2469:(Macheath),
2459:John Willett
2442:
2396:Karin HĂŒbner
2387:
2353:
2306:Hedy Fassler
2293:
2267:
2237:(Macheath),
2231:Erika Helmke
2218:
2213:
2173:
2150:as Peachum,
2133:
2131:
2115:Curd JĂŒrgens
2111:West Germany
2094:
2091:
2080:
2066:Karen Ziemba
2064:as Peachum,
2016:
2009:
1997:
1994:John Willett
1963:Ana Gasteyer
1955:Cyndi Lauper
1951:Nellie McKay
1947:Alan Cumming
1920:Kim Criswell
1899:
1889:Clive Barnes
1885:Ellen Greene
1853:John Willett
1834:Jerry Orbach
1822:Jane Connell
1810:Edward Asner
1796:
1793:off-Broadway
1777:Off-Broadway
1770:
1735:
1703:
1690:Sharon Small
1678:Haydn Gwynne
1670:Rory Kinnear
1666:Rufus Norris
1634:Sharon Small
1614:as Lucy and
1608:Sally Dexter
1545:Off-West End
1538:
1511:
1505:
1490:, Rome, the
1476:Barrie Kosky
1462:
1460:
1427:
1418:Sasha Velour
1402:Judy Collins
1395:
1368:launched an
1363:
1308:
1291:
1283:
1263:ballad opera
1258:
1256:
1211:
1161:
1135:Pirate Jenny
1114:
1098:1. Ouverture
1094:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1046:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1013:
1003:
1000:
981:
974:
968:, an amoral
959:
942:
872:
856:
842:
826:
806:
805:Lucy Brown,
790:
772:
765:Rosa Valetti
754:
736:
714:
657:
651:
596:Tino Carraro
583:
581:
569:
559:
547:
540:four pennies
539:
528:
520:
506:
482:
474:film version
471:
459:
451:Edward Clark
444:
432:
429:
413:Caspar Neher
408:
407:
381:
373:
367:
362:
360:
356:
354:'s Opera").
347:
343:
342:. The title
339:
333:
309:
303:
299:
291:
274:
255:
254:
250:Pirate Jenny
221:
215:
200:
185:
182:ballad opera
156:
151:
150:
149:
112:
84:Uncredited:
40:
9920:1928 operas
9848:Romanticism
9805:Remodernism
9686:Incoherents
9545:Avant-garde
9536:Armory Show
9143:Maeterlinck
9046:Villa-Lobos
9032:Szymanowski
9011:Stockhausen
8948:LutosĆawski
8673:(1909â1910)
7473:Visual arts
7446:(1928â1940)
7362:(1913â1927)
6885:Apollinaire
6849:Synchromism
6689:Art Nouveau
6593:John Kander
6415:Sarah Jones
6314:Hume Cronyn
6302:(1990â1992)
6262:Yul Brynner
6210:Helen Hayes
6199:Henry Fonda
6178:Lily Tomlin
6020:Alfred Lunt
6012:Noël Coward
5803:City Center
5777:Edward Kook
5736:Mary Martin
5451:This Is New
5331:Film scores
5058:Der Jasager
4780:Kinderhymne
4524:Kuhle Wampe
4483:Der Jasager
4072:BBC Radio 3
3907:Hinton 1990
3895:Hinton 1990
3883:Hinton 1990
3772:Hinton 1990
3760:Hinton 1990
3724:Hinton 1990
3403:Hinton 1990
3391:Hinton 1990
3379:Hinton 1990
3367:Hinton 1990
3271:Hinton 1990
3259:Hinton 1990
3215:Hinton 1990
3188:Hinton 1990
3147:Summer 2009
3023:Hinton 1990
2987:Hinton 1992
2791:Lotte Lenya
2699: [
2658: [
2641:, 1997, on
2633:Tom Mannion
2613:Jeremy Sams
2577: [
2574:Rolf Boysen
2566: [
2545:(Peachum),
2543:Mario Adorf
2517:Martin Held
2509:Berta Drews
2495:, 1968, on
2479:Blair Brown
2445:, 1976, on
2429: [
2414: [
2403: [
2332: [
2329:Kurt Preger
2309: [
2300:8057, with
2296:, 1955, on
2280:Lotte Lenya
2276:Jo Sullivan
2270:, 1954, on
2250: [
2245:(Peachum).
2243:Erich Ponto
2239:Kurt Gerron
2227:Lotte Lenya
2221:, 1930, on
2192:Zubin Varla
2176:BBC Radio 3
2099: [
2083:G. W. Pabst
1924:KT Sullivan
1881:Blair Brown
1818:Carole Cook
1785:Lotte Lenya
1752:. In 1952,
1626:Jeremy Sams
1586:Diana Quick
1539:In London,
1521: [
1410:Marc Almond
1398:Nina Simone
1382:Bobby Darin
1374:Mac Tonight
1331:Bobby Darin
1271:Hans Keller
881:Ernst Busch
873:a constable
865:Kurt Gerron
835:Lotte Lenya
799:Kurt Gerron
747:Erich Ponto
672:(Peachum),
622: [
607: [
602:(Peachum),
509:Gaston Baty
478:G. W. Pabst
417:Lotte Lenya
325: [
317:K. L. Ammer
284: [
90:K. L. Ammer
9879:Categories
9735:Maximalism
9670:Literature
9345:Wiesenthal
9247:Cunningham
9240:Balanchine
9220:Witkiewicz
9192:Strindberg
9178:Pirandello
9150:Mayakovsky
9025:Stravinsky
8997:Schoenberg
8816:Performing
8741:Metropolis
8532:Mendelsohn
8337:Rossellini
8330:Richardson
8141:Fassbinder
8127:Eisenstein
8064:Cassavetes
7820:Modigliani
7694:Goncharova
7680:Giacometti
7074:Dos Passos
6876:Literature
6835:Surrealism
6746:Die BrĂŒcke
6493:Tommy Tune
6220:Lena Horne
6174:Diana Ross
6101:Peter Cook
5913:Peter Cook
5861:/ Cast of
5835:Paul Shyre
5783:Danny Kaye
5720:/ Cast of
5535:Kurt Weill
5350:You and Me
4958:Kurt Weill
4812:LehrstĂŒcke
4799:techniques
4787:Die Lösung
4692:Coriolanus
4517:The Mother
4200:Ross, Alex
3974:August 30,
3869:2016-09-25
3845:2016-09-11
3746:2016-09-11
3532:2018-05-20
3509:2023-07-24
3485:2023-07-25
3458:2023-07-24
3431:2023-06-28
3353:2023-06-28
3237:in America
3129:ATA Source
3106:2023-06-28
3060:2023-06-28
2999:Brook 1996
2920:2023-06-28
2881:2023-06-28
2851:References
2774:threepenny
2772:The word "
2688:Nina Hagen
2583:(Herald).
2551:Ute Lemper
2539:René Kollo
2529:James Last
2513:Karin Baal
2467:Raul Julia
2422:Hans Korte
2288:Bea Arthur
2247:Lewis Ruth
2223:Telefunken
2210:Recordings
2156:Bill Nighy
2144:Raul Julia
2123:Gert Fröbe
2121:as Jenny,
2060:as Polly,
2050:Peter Hunt
2035:Elly Stone
1957:as Jenny,
1953:as Polly,
1918:as Polly,
1906:, starred
1893:John Simon
1877:Raul Julia
1838:John Astin
1830:Bea Arthur
1828:as Polly;
1789:Tony Award
1692:as Jenny,
1610:as Polly,
1366:McDonald's
1277:opera for
1054:coronation
696:Voice type
664:(Mackie),
598:(Mackie),
549:Threepenny
542:being the
266:Background
207:capitalist
196:Kurt Weill
133:31 August
71:Kurt Weill
9784:Pulp noir
9742:Modernity
9607:Film noir
9331:St. Denis
9254:Diaghilev
8990:Schaeffer
8913:Hindemith
8892:Dutilleux
8864:Boulanger
8669:The Dance
8365:Tarkovsky
8358:Sternberg
8190:Hitchcock
8106:Dovzhenko
8022:Antonioni
7967:Stieglitz
7806:Metzinger
7757:Kokoschka
7736:Kandinsky
7150:Aldington
7143:Akhmatova
7060:Marinetti
7053:Mansfield
7004:Hemingway
6842:Symbolism
6661:Movements
6654:Modernism
6603:Abe Jacob
6589:Joel Grey
6575:(2020/21)
6349:Uta Hagen
6307:Oklahoma!
6137:1976â2000
5688:1947â1975
5302:Speak Low
5208:Love Life
5028:Happy End
4968:the stage
4966:Works for
4864:Not / But
4671:The Tutor
4469:Happy End
4413:Edward II
4385:A Wedding
3606:5 January
3286:(1955â56)
3035:Ross 2008
2945:2 January
2832:Happe End
2796:Happy End
2694:(Jenny),
2686:(Polly),
2680:Max Raabe
2676:HK Gruber
2643:Capriccio
2557:(Jenny),
2553:(Polly),
2515:(Polly),
2477:(Polly),
2473:(Jenny),
2411:Anita Mey
2282:(Jenny),
2233:(Polly),
2229:(Jenny),
2204:HK Gruber
2188:Elen Rhys
2174:In 2009,
2056:as Mack,
2021:Boston's
1943:Studio 54
1922:as Lucy,
1832:as Lucy;
1783:In 1956,
1720:Ipswich,
1604:Tim Curry
1570:as Polly.
1564:Bill Owen
1442:Tom Waits
1347:Peggy Lee
1279:highbrows
1248:Reception
1075:Happy End
988:execution
962:Victorian
898:Matthias
877:baritone
861:baritone
815:Kate KĂŒhl
795:baritone
783:Roma Bahn
743:baritone
703:Conductor
670:GerĆ MĂĄly
668:(Polly),
662:PĂĄl JĂĄvor
617:(Jenny),
613:(Polly),
399:Premieres
361:With the
226:standards
203:socialist
9866:Category
9467:Fountain
9371:Don Juan
9310:Nijinsky
9206:Wedekind
9185:Piscator
9080:Anderson
9004:Scriabin
8920:Honegger
8581:Sullivan
8567:Saarinen
8560:Rietveld
8553:Niemeyer
8525:Melnikov
8455:Bunshaft
8386:Truffaut
8351:Sjöström
8295:Pudovkin
8267:Minnelli
8232:Kurosawa
8225:Kuleshov
8155:Flaherty
7981:Vuillard
7960:Steichen
7918:Rousseau
7883:Pissarro
7862:O'Keeffe
7827:Mondrian
7778:Malevich
7771:Magritte
7743:Kirchner
7687:van Gogh
7638:Doesburg
7617:Delaunay
7610:Delaunay
7533:BrĂąncuÈi
7519:Boccioni
7482:Painting
7332:Williams
7255:Mallarmé
7171:Cendrars
7081:Platonov
7039:Lawrence
7032:Koestler
6969:Flaubert
6962:Faulkner
6927:Bulgakov
6856:Tonalism
6817:De Stijl
6801:Lettrism
6787:Futurism
6678:Art Deco
6425:No award
6390:Cy Feuer
6334:No award
6300:No award
6294:No award
6272:No award
6240:No award
6040:Playbill
5957:No award
5793:No award
5750:No award
5556:John Gay
5491:Category
4917:Category
4713:Don Juan
4706:Turandot
4657:Antigone
4361:Dramatic
4226:(2010).
4202:(2008).
4147:(1990).
3943:Archived
3595:Clichés"
3552:(1975).
3300:Archived
3289:Archived
3241:Archived
3164:, p. 159
2710:See also
2572:(Lucy),
2481:(Lucy),
2447:Columbia
2298:Vanguard
1959:Jim Dale
1857:Joe Papp
1773:Broadway
1541:West End
1452:Revivals
1298:Romantic
1137:â Polly)
1010:Prologue
970:antihero
966:Macheath
956:Overview
951:Synopsis
811:soprano
724:baritone
638:Teo Otto
571:Izvestia
489:Broadway
242:") and "
178:John Gay
142:, Berlin
129:Premiere
119:John Gay
9521:Related
9383:Ubu Roi
9338:Tamiris
9324:Sokolow
9303:Massine
9171:Osborne
9164:O'Neill
9157:O'Casey
9115:Chekhov
9101:Beckett
9087:Anouilh
9071:Theatre
9018:Strauss
8976:Russolo
8955:Milhaud
8934:JanĂĄÄek
8906:GĂłrecki
8899:Feldman
8885:Debussy
8878:Copland
8836:Antheil
8574:Steiner
8497:Johnson
8476:Guimard
8469:Gropius
8316:Resnais
8218:Kubrick
8148:Fellini
8134:Epstein
8120:Edwards
8085:Cocteau
8071:Chaplin
8043:Bresson
8036:Bergman
8015:Aldrich
8008:Akerman
7953:Soutine
7925:Schiele
7876:Picasso
7869:Picabia
7799:Matisse
7673:Gauguin
7645:Duchamp
7603:Kooning
7582:Claudel
7575:Chirico
7568:Chagall
7561:CĂ©zanne
7554:Cassatt
7526:Bonnard
7512:Bellows
7505:Balthus
7382:Ulysses
7304:Stevens
7297:Seferis
7116:Unamuno
6955:Forster
6934:Chekhov
6899:Beckett
6828:Orphism
6794:Imagism
6778:Bauhaus
6764:Fauvism
6669:Acmeism
6096:Candide
5630:Related
5533:'s and
5266:My Ship
4286:at the
4275:at the
4095:Sources
3593:Cabaret
3424:Variety
3205:, p. 30
2825:at the
2808:In the
2619:. With
2511:(MsP),
2497:Polydor
2142:, with
2085:made a
2010:Cabaret
1875:, with
1863:at the
1816:(later
1698:NT Live
1684:at the
1668:. With
1562:. With
1527:at the
1465:at the
1457:Germany
1378:lawsuit
1275:lowbrow
1091:Prelude
1070:Marxist
960:Set in
920:Jimmie
887:Walter
871:Smith,
841:Filch,
778:soprano
648:Hungary
531:quatre
491:at the
404:Germany
271:Origins
233:Moritat
9915:Operas
9507:(1953)
9495:(1928)
9483:(1921)
9471:(1917)
9459:(1913)
9447:(1912)
9435:(1910)
9423:(1905)
9419:Salome
9411:(1902)
9399:(1899)
9387:(1896)
9375:(1888)
9352:Wigman
9282:Graham
9275:Fuller
9268:Fokine
9261:Duncan
9213:Wilder
9199:Toller
9136:Kaiser
9108:Brecht
9094:Artaud
9053:Webern
9039:VarĂšse
8969:Partch
8941:Ligeti
8871:Boulez
8843:BartĂłk
8801:(1943)
8789:(1941)
8777:(1936)
8767:(1931)
8757:(1929)
8745:(1927)
8733:(1925)
8721:(1923)
8709:(1920)
8697:(1915)
8685:(1912)
8661:(1907)
8649:(1889)
8637:(1887)
8625:(1886)
8602:Wright
8588:Tatlin
8546:Neutra
8448:Breuer
8414:Welles
8400:Vertov
8323:Renoir
8274:Murnau
8260:Marker
8253:Lupino
8211:Keaton
8197:Hubley
8183:Godard
8169:Fuller
8113:Dreyer
8092:Dassin
8050:Buñuel
7946:Sisley
7939:Signac
7932:Seurat
7904:Renoir
7722:Hopper
7624:Demuth
7547:Calder
7540:Braque
7491:Albers
7458:(1929)
7434:(1926)
7422:(1925)
7410:(1924)
7398:(1922)
7386:(1922)
7374:(1915)
7325:Valéry
7311:Thomas
7276:Pessoa
7220:George
7213:Elytis
7206:Ăluard
7192:Desnos
7164:Cavafy
7134:Poetry
7095:Proust
7088:Porter
6990:Hamsun
6948:Döblin
6941:Conrad
6913:Breton
6892:Barnes
6712:Cubism
6613:(2024)
6595:(2023)
6585:(2022)
6555:(2019)
6533:(2018)
6515:(2017)
6495:(2015)
6485:(2014)
6469:(2012)
6453:(2010)
6443:(2009)
6437:(2008)
6427:(2007)
6421:(2006)
6411:(2005)
6405:(2004)
6399:(2003)
6380:(2001)
6342:(1997)
6336:(1996)
6320:(1994)
6310:(1993)
6296:(1989)
6290:(1988)
6284:(1987)
6274:(1986)
6268:(1985)
6258:(1984)
6242:(1983)
6236:(1982)
6222:(1981)
6205:(1979)
6180:(1977)
6158:(1976)
6129:(1975)
6123:(1974)
6081:(1973)
6047:(1971)
6030:(1970)
6008:(1969)
6004:/ The
5986:(1968)
5959:(1967)
5953:(1966)
5947:(1965)
5937:(1964)
5931:(1963)
5905:(1962)
5891:(1961)
5881:(1960)
5867:(1959)
5847:(1958)
5837:(1957)
5815:(1956)
5795:(1954)
5789:(1953)
5779:(1952)
5762:(1950)
5752:(1949)
5746:(1948)
5709:(1947)
5590:(1989)
5582:(1931)
5549:Source
5543:(1928)
5475:(1928)
5463:Others
5454:(2002)
5444:(1994)
5434:(1992)
5424:(1991)
5414:(1985)
5404:(1975)
5394:(1962)
5373:(1948)
5363:(1945)
5353:(1938)
5343:(1931)
5221:(1949)
5211:(1948)
5201:(1948)
5191:(1946)
5181:(1945)
5171:(1945)
5161:(1943)
5151:(1943)
5141:(1940)
5131:(1938)
5121:(1937)
5111:(1936)
5101:(1935)
5091:(1933)
5081:(1933)
5071:(1932)
5061:(1930)
5051:(1930)
5041:(1929)
5031:(1929)
5021:(1928)
5011:(1928)
5001:(1927)
4991:(1927)
4981:(1926)
4848:Gestus
4580:Dansen
4314:(1989)
4253:
4234:
4212:
4188:
4155:
4109:
4048:(1989)
3817:
3650:(2022)
3564:
3297:poster
3171:
3101:dw.com
2749:(1979)
2736:(1934)
2503:(MM),
2435:, and
2372:, and
2262:Teldec
1787:won a
1744:, and
1742:Urbana
1502:France
1408:, and
1294:Wagner
996:pardon
992:parody
934:tenor
923:tenor
912:tenor
909:Jakob
901:tenor
890:tenor
847:tenor
556:Russia
503:France
77:Lyrics
9677:Post-
9663:Music
9362:Works
9317:Shawn
9296:Laban
9231:Dance
9129:Jarry
9122:Ibsen
9060:Weill
8983:Satie
8857:Berio
8827:Music
8612:Works
8539:Nervi
8483:Horta
8462:GaudĂ
8421:Wiene
8393:Varda
8379:Trnka
8288:Pabst
8246:Losey
8204:Jones
8176:Gance
8099:Deren
8078:Clair
8057:Carné
8029:Avery
7911:Rodin
7897:Redon
7855:Nolde
7848:Munch
7841:Moore
7834:Monet
7785:Manet
7764:LĂ©ger
7729:Kahlo
7708:Grosz
7666:Ernst
7659:Ensor
7596:Degas
7349:Works
7339:Yeats
7318:Tzara
7290:Rilke
7283:Pound
7262:Moore
7234:Lorca
7227:Jacob
7199:Eliot
7178:Crane
7157:Auden
7123:Woolf
7109:Svevo
7102:Stein
7067:Musil
7025:Kafka
7018:Joyce
7011:Hesse
6997:HaĆĄek
6920:Broch
6755:Music
5598:Songs
5571:Films
5230:Songs
4841:Fabel
4363:works
3136:(PDF)
3125:(PDF)
2761:Notes
2703:]
2662:]
2581:]
2570:]
2555:Milva
2523:(J),
2519:(B),
2507:(P),
2433:]
2418:]
2407:]
2336:]
2313:]
2272:Decca
2254:]
2103:]
1908:Sting
1712:with
1525:]
1510:film
1508:Pabst
1325:that
1208:Act 3
1158:Act 2
1111:Act 1
1060:Act 3
1043:Act 2
1022:Act 1
822:Jenny
720:tenor
692:Role
680:Roles
626:]
615:Milly
611:]
578:Italy
538:, or
378:Music
329:]
288:]
109:Basis
67:Music
9289:Holm
8962:Nono
8927:Ives
8850:Berg
8818:arts
8595:Mies
8518:Loos
8504:Kahn
8428:Wood
8407:Vigo
8372:Tati
8344:Sirk
8239:Lang
8162:Ford
7999:Film
7988:Wood
7813:MirĂł
7792:Marc
7750:Klee
7715:Höch
7701:Gris
7652:Dufy
7589:DalĂ
7269:Owen
7185:H.D.
7046:Mann
6983:Gide
6976:Ford
6906:Bely
6719:Dada
6316:and
6103:and
6018:and
5919:and
5873:and
5853:and
4371:Baal
4318:IMDb
4251:ISBN
4232:ISBN
4210:ISBN
4186:ISBN
4153:ISBN
4107:ISBN
4052:IMDb
3976:2024
3815:ISBN
3608:2024
3562:ISBN
3169:ISBN
2947:2024
2585:RIAS
2457:and
2338:and
2044:The
1980:The
1855:for
1851:and
1775:and
1724:and
1640:and
1588:and
1576:and
1543:and
1506:The
1317:as "
978:hang
931:Ede
636:and
533:sous
384:jazz
352:Pimp
252:").
248:" ("
231:Die
218:jazz
135:1928
98:Book
8281:Ozu
7890:Ray
7631:Dix
7498:Arp
5558:'s
5537:'s
4316:at
4178:doi
4050:at
3927:NPR
3807:doi
2109:in
2007:'s
1941:at
1867:at
1859:'s
1803:in
1740:in
1688:),
1380:by
1240:21.
1232:20.
1226:19.
1220:18.
1212:17.
1196:16.
1188:15.
1182:14.
1176:13.
1170:12.
1162:11.
1052:'s
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527:; (
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