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and draws on the commentary of spectators ('All that white hair and a long white beard'), as well as referencing
Muybridge's carriage accident and his later motion studies ('Horses in the air '). The phrases 'Artificial moonlight' and 'Artificial sky' may refer to techniques used by Muybridge in his landscape technology (overlaying clouds onto his images). Glass notes that he originally conceived the text of A Gentleman's Honor as based on a poem by Muybridge called "Circles", but Glass reconsidered and asked
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The incidental piece "A Gentleman's Honor", includes words drawn from the actual trial transcript, commentary, and
Muybridge's letters. It draws on the incident in which Flora sent Larkyns a portrait of Muybridge's son Florado, seeming to imply that Larkyns could be the father ('Whose baby is this'),
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The text included in Glass' work is based on words drawn from the transcripts of the trial and
Muybridge's actual letters to his wife. The second act features a slideshow of Muybridge's photographs. While based on historical events in Muybridge's life, the work also comments on aspects of Muybridge's
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Glass's distinctive minimalist musical style complements the theme of the opera, since the ideas of repetitive sounds and small changes seem to mirror
Muybridge's techniques in his famous motion studies. Despite Muybridge's achievements and this relationship to the composer's work, the work does not
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The preview of this work premiered in May 1982 at the Royal Palace in
Amsterdam for Queen Beatrix and Prince Claus of the Netherlands and commissioned by the Holland Festival, and its first public performance was in June 1982 as part of the Holland Festival, for which the work was commissioned. The
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Act 2 is a violin solo, or "concert", that either features a figure representing
Muybridge in the darkroom in the background or a slideshow of images by Muybridge. Critics have compared the see-saw sounds of the solo violin to a hoe-down or "early American" sound, although Glass claims this analogy
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In 1874, Muybridge murdered Major Harry
Larkyns (referred to as 'Colonel Harry Larkyns' in this work), whom he suspected of being his wife's lover, and was acquitted by a jury against the instructions of the judge on the ground of justifiable homicide. His trial is well-known because his defense
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The recording was conceived with the idea that most listeners would not have experienced the stage work. Several pieces were shortened or left off the album entirely, and the order of the music is changed. Only two of the original three incidental pieces contained in act 1 are included.
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necessarily treat the subject of
Muybridge's trial reverently, and the dance appears to use the subject as an opportunity to comment on the contradictory mores of Muybridge's own time. Glass has stated that he intended to reflect the idea of a "Victorian melodrama" in his music.
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The form of this work consists of three acts: a play with incidental music, a concert accompanying a slideshow of
Muybridge's work, and a dance with musical accompaniment. In total, the piece lasts about 90 minutes.
233:. Though based on Malash's original premise, this new version of the play was rewritten by Rob Coe. Glass also performed this work as a selection of incidental songs from act 1 and the instrumental work in act 3.
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to more traditional instrumentation in his later works. Glass has stated that using the word "minimalist" to apply to this work is "misleading" and would not reflect what the listener would expect to hear.
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In act 3, the characters from act 1 return for a dance (including
Muybridge, Flora, Larkyns, and Victorian bystanders). In some productions, the dance features photographs "developed" in the second half.
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Act 1 is a play that includes three incidental pieces of music that fit into the play. The play recounts Muybridge's murder of Major Harry Larkyns and the trial, with an irreverent tone.
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Eadweard Muybridge was an English-born photographer who relocated to the American West and was an early pioneer in photographic technology. He photographed well-known landscapes of
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argued that a head injury incurred in a stagecoach accident altered his personality, which modern neuroscientists believe could have been caused by certain types of brain damage.
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The album was released on June 26, 1984 by CBS Records / Epic and is just 42 minutes long (compared to the 90-minute-long original work).
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that pushed the aesthetic and technological boundaries of the medium. His early photographic motion studies conducted in association with
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work was suggested and developed by the Dutch director/designer Rob Malash. Later, Glass rewrote the piece and renamed it
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is a three-part mixed media performance accompanied by music (also sometimes referred to as a
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This piece seems to show Glass's transitioning from ensemble works like
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to use material from the trial itself, as well as Muybridge's letters.
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David Gordon's expert 'movement' is the best part of
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Colonel Harry Larkyns (based on Major Harry Larkyns)
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169:led to the earliest moving photographic images.
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211:was not necessarily intentional.
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993:Violin Concerto (withdrawn)
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970:Piano Concerto No. 1 (
666:Songs from Liquid Days
552:at www.philipglass.com
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130:. Commissioned by the
1223:Operas set in England
1074:Dennis Russell Davies
1052:Philip Glass Ensemble
1005:American Four Seasons
998:Violin Concerto No. 1
981:After Lewis and Clark
775:Les Enfants terribles
691:Einstein on the Beach
611:Music in Twelve Parts
464:National Public Radio
243:Einstein on the Beach
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1012:Cello Concerto No. 1
988:Harpsichord Concerto
845:The Perfect American
817:The Sound of a Voice
634:String Quartet No. 4
624:String Quartet No. 2
596:List of compositions
51:The composer in 1993
19:For other uses, see
803:In the Penal Colony
782:La Belle et la BĂȘte
423:(October 7, 1983).
458:(April 13, 2010).
434:The New York Times
306:baritone saxophone
269:Eadweard Muybridge
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1099:Steve Reich
1026:Film scores
796:White Raven
456:Ulaby, Neda
440:28 December
396:Other Minds
336:synthesizer
200:David Byrne
152:album cover
95:, Amsterdam
61:David Byrne
1167:Categories
862:Symphonies
831:Appomattox
761:The Voyage
698:Satyagraha
618:Glassworks
530:2022-05-31
368:References
328:Percussion
57:Librettist
963:Concertos
852:The Trial
645:The Light
323:trombones
290:Woodwinds
251:Recording
1132:Category
893:"Heroes"
712:Akhnaten
652:Passages
491:New York
319:trumpets
181:Synopsis
163:Yosemite
154:art for
121:homicide
114:composer
78:Premiere
70:life of
67:Based on
1034:Dracula
628:Company
362:Strings
356:: solo
354:Strings
334:, bass
142:Subject
84: (
1188:Operas
1143:Portal
1037:(1999)
953:Lodger
949:No. 12
944:No. 11
939:No. 10
923:Toltec
903:Choral
838:Kepler
768:Orphée
683:Operas
659:Itaipu
638:Buczak
358:violin
349:Chorus
345:Vocals
1157:Opera
972:Tirol
934:No. 9
929:No. 8
919:No. 7
909:No. 6
899:No. 5
889:No. 4
884:No. 3
879:No. 2
869:No. 1
332:Piano
311:Brass
294:flute
263:Roles
215:Act 3
206:Act 2
190:Act 1
112:) by
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403:2014
321:, 2
317:, 2
313:: 2
86:1982
82:1982
873:Low
37:by
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