162:
1133:
1727:
36:
2062:
1217:
The federation was officially launched on 8–9 December 2007 with the goal of uniting
Italian communist, socialist and ecologist parties in a united bloc, somewhat similar to what the
2050:
1778:
868:
1938:
1681:
1581:
1662:
1632:
2707:
2758:
1570:
2753:
2028:
2712:
2043:
2768:
1603:
1592:
1751:
863:
2773:
2702:
1934:
2036:
2630:
2125:
1161:
434:
1788:
1655:
439:
1247:
In the election The Left – The
Rainbow gained a disastrous 3.1% of the vote (down from 10.2%, combined result of the three parties in
2748:
1617:
2743:
2407:
2337:
800:
925:
2738:
2219:
2195:
2113:
1648:
2763:
2624:
2583:
2531:
2472:
2378:
1226:
1236:, the symbol and the name of the federation, with the Greens wanting the word "ecologist" and the Italian Communists the
2302:
2058:
1886:
830:
2717:
2697:
2496:
2237:
1202:
888:
805:
506:
121:
2413:
2349:
2189:
1986:
1264:
451:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2343:
1858:
1154:
932:
905:
848:
825:
471:
2659:
2225:
2078:
942:
858:
501:
2448:
2355:
2290:
1918:
1491:
1280:
795:
2502:
2320:
2261:
2255:
1841:
1524:
1455:
1248:
1241:
1206:
2131:
1926:
1671:
1330:
1260:
790:
773:
713:
85:
2478:
2460:
2314:
2096:
2010:
1874:
1866:
1422:
1350:
1256:
1147:
920:
915:
820:
758:
748:
729:
466:
456:
141:
2636:
2537:
2484:
2278:
1783:
386:
2642:
2618:
2419:
2243:
2166:
2119:
1902:
815:
571:
551:
2677:
2390:
2296:
2172:
1968:
1836:
1773:
1370:
1272:
1222:
778:
461:
2683:
2231:
2207:
2137:
2084:
1767:
1741:
1390:
1381:
1276:
977:
883:
768:
763:
306:
2671:
2553:
2160:
1992:
1268:
2612:
2565:
2525:
2519:
2366:
2308:
2284:
2249:
2090:
1906:
1746:
1284:
937:
810:
486:
446:
2665:
2201:
2143:
1396:
1292:
1075:
1002:
586:
481:
226:
94:
1614:
8:
2425:
2213:
1232:
The four parties tended to disagree on a number of issues, including the support for the
1070:
1007:
556:
541:
523:
511:
281:
246:
2571:
2490:
1361:
1252:
1198:
1112:
1095:
1050:
708:
703:
391:
301:
191:
126:
106:
101:
161:
1974:
1882:
1697:
1548:
1479:
1308:
1237:
1100:
853:
681:
561:
366:
341:
286:
231:
221:
116:
48:
2577:
2016:
2004:
1998:
1946:
1815:
1756:
1233:
1190:
1178:
1137:
1106:
1090:
1085:
910:
666:
656:
613:
603:
518:
361:
351:
336:
326:
311:
271:
261:
256:
186:
2589:
2360:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1621:
1341:
1080:
785:
686:
633:
496:
476:
424:
406:
356:
216:
206:
1640:
1376:
1288:
1065:
1055:
1012:
997:
959:
900:
693:
676:
671:
576:
381:
371:
331:
296:
236:
211:
201:
196:
176:
2732:
1894:
1831:
1811:
1761:
1709:
953:
873:
566:
429:
401:
396:
346:
321:
241:
181:
90:
1027:
2559:
2384:
982:
947:
661:
623:
316:
291:
276:
43:
1810:
In the 2017 congress, two motions were presented: the majority one led by
1914:
1726:
1401:
1218:
992:
878:
618:
608:
376:
266:
251:
2372:
1060:
753:
723:
718:
628:
546:
491:
1022:
35:
2595:
1356:
1336:
1032:
1017:
987:
638:
596:
149:
698:
581:
1117:
1307:(which can be translated in English as both "radical left" and "
1240:
to be included, but in the end they formed a joint list for the
1615:
Cosa rossa: I Verdi e i
Comunisti italiani litigano sul simbolo
591:
1604:
Bertinotti: «Il governo Prodi ha fallito». Corriere della Sera
2061:
1263:
did the same soon after. These groups went on to launch the
153:
1593:
Welfare, spaccatura nella "Cosa Rossa". Corriere della Sera
1582:
Sinistra
Arcobaleno, «puntiamo al 15%». Corriere della Sera
1571:
La Cosa Rossa? Sinistra e
Arcobaleno. Corriere della Sera
1779:
International
Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
869:
Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) Red Line
1259:announced it would leave the federation, and the
2730:
1670:
1633:Bertinotti, beato oppositore Corriere della Sera
1303:The federation, defined by its members as the
2044:
1656:
1155:
2708:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
2631:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
2126:Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
2759:History of the Communist Refoundation Party
1752:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
864:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
2754:Defunct political party alliances in Italy
2051:
2037:
1663:
1649:
1162:
1148:
2769:Political parties disestablished in 2008
2408:Movement for the Independence of Sicily
2183:Social-democratic and liberal-socialist
801:Italian General Confederation of Labour
2731:
1789:European United Left–Nordic Green Left
1251:) and failed to gain any seats in the
2774:Political parties established in 2007
2713:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
2703:19th-century Italian political groups
2114:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
2066:Historical political parties in Italy
2032:
1644:
1414:
2473:Christian Democrats for the Republic
1409:
2303:Republican Democratic Concentration
13:
2698:List of political parties in Italy
2497:Christian Democracy for Autonomies
2238:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
1311:"), was composed of four parties:
14:
2785:
2718:Current Italian political parties
2414:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
2350:Democratic Union for the Republic
2190:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
1987:Anticapitalist and Communist List
1265:Anticapitalist and Communist List
2749:Communist organisations in Italy
2443:Italian Catholic Electoral Union
2379:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
2344:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
2060:
1859:Movement of Unitarian Communists
1725:
1131:
906:Movement of Unitarian Communists
849:Armed Proletarians for Communism
826:Unified Communist Party of Italy
472:Portella della Ginestra massacre
160:
34:
2744:2008 disestablishments in Italy
2660:Italian Nationalist Association
2338:Constitutional Democratic Party
1387:
1367:
1327:
859:Communist Party of Italy (2014)
502:Assassination of Sergio Ramelli
1626:
1608:
1597:
1586:
1575:
1564:
1298:
1185:, SA), frequently referred as
806:Italian Marxist–Leninist Party
796:Italian Communist Party (2016)
1:
2503:Union of Democrats for Europe
2331:Centrist and centrist liberal
2256:Italian Democratic Socialists
1842:To the Left with Refoundation
1557:
2739:2007 establishments in Italy
2584:Conservatives and Reformists
2532:National Democratic Alliance
2132:Democratic Party of the Left
1814:and the minority one led by
1673:Communist Refoundation Party
1331:Communist Refoundation Party
1261:Communist Refoundation Party
774:Communist Refoundation Party
714:Proletarian internationalism
16:Political party in Italy
7:
2764:Left-wing politics in Italy
2479:Christian Democratic Centre
2097:Party of Italian Communists
1875:Communist Alternative Party
1867:Party of Italian Communists
1351:Party of Italian Communists
1347:
1257:Party of Italian Communists
921:Party of Italian Communists
916:Party of the Christian Left
759:Communist Alternative Party
467:Third De Gasperi government
10:
2790:
2485:United Christian Democrats
2401:Regionalist and federalist
2272:Radical and social-liberal
1784:Party of the European Left
1221:forces have done with the
1212:
1183:La Sinistra – L'Arcobaleno
821:Trotskyist League of Italy
27:La Sinistra – L'Arcobaleno
2693:
2652:
2625:People's Monarchist Party
2619:Monarchist National Party
2605:
2546:
2512:
2435:
2420:Federalist Italian League
2400:
2330:
2271:
2182:
2167:Federation of Green Lists
2153:
2106:
2071:
1961:
1903:Refoundation for the Left
1850:
1824:
1804:
1797:
1734:
1723:
1680:
1490:
1421:
1316:
1267:, which later became the
1205:that participated in the
572:Italian road to socialism
112:
100:
84:
69:
58:8 December 2007
54:
42:
33:
21:
2678:Republican Fascist Party
2391:Liberal Popular Alliance
2173:Federation of the Greens
1969:Alliance of Progressives
1887:Communist Workers' Party
1837:Refoundation in Movement
1371:Federation of the Greens
933:Popular Democratic Front
831:Workers' Communist Party
462:Red Republic of Caulonia
435:XVII Congress of the PSI
2684:Italian Social Movement
2232:Italian Socialist Party
2226:Unified Socialist Party
2220:Unitary Socialist Party
2208:Labour Democratic Party
2196:Unitary Socialist Party
2085:Italian Communist Party
2079:Proletarian Unity Party
1919:Italian Communist Party
1742:Italian Communist Party
1382:Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio
943:Proletarian Unity Party
884:Italian Communist Party
440:I Congress of the PCd'I
307:Giangiacomo Feltrinelli
102:Political position
2672:National Fascist Party
2467:Italian People's Party
2455:Italian People's Party
2449:Conservative Catholics
2356:Union for the Republic
2120:Italian Workers' Party
1993:Federation of the Left
1981:The Left – The Rainbow
1492:Senate of the Republic
1269:Federation of the Left
1194:
1182:
1175:The Left – The Rainbow
896:The Left – The Rainbow
24:The Left – The Rainbow
2606:National-conservative
2566:The People of Freedom
2526:Italian Liberal Party
2285:Italian Radical Party
2250:Democrats of the Left
2091:Proletarian Democracy
1939:Left Class Revolution
1907:Movement for the Left
1747:Proletarian Democracy
1285:Movement for the Left
1279:, together with the
1255:. Shortly after, the
1249:2006 general election
1242:2008 general election
1207:2008 general election
938:Proletarian Democracy
843:Defunct organisations
811:Network of Communists
743:Current organisations
2547:Liberal-conservative
2513:Conservative-liberal
2436:Christian-democratic
2144:Left Ecology Freedom
2107:Democratic socialist
1397:Democratic socialism
1293:Left Ecology Freedom
1138:Communism portal
1076:Democratic socialism
482:Manifesto of the 101
227:Giuseppe Di Vittorio
95:Democratic socialism
2538:Union of the Centre
2461:Christian Democracy
2315:Democratic Alliance
2214:Union of Socialists
2011:Power to the People
1851:Splintered factions
1798:Factions and splits
1423:Chamber of Deputies
1195:Sinistra Arcobaleno
1071:Christian socialism
1008:Quaderni piacentini
749:Anticapitalist Left
557:Christian communism
542:Anarchist communism
524:Historic Compromise
512:Mitterrand doctrine
282:Pier Paolo Pasolini
247:Galvano Della Volpe
2637:National Democracy
2613:Common Man's Front
2572:Future and Freedom
2491:European Democracy
1620:2007-12-01 at the
1513:overall seats won
1444:overall seats won
1415:Italian Parliament
1362:Oliviero Diliberto
1271:. Meanwhile, the
1253:Italian Parliament
1113:Socialism in Italy
1096:Italian neorealism
1051:Anarchism in Italy
786:Communist Struggle
709:Passive revolution
704:Organic centralism
457:Italian Resistance
452:Aventine Secession
447:Proština rebellion
392:Oliviero Diliberto
302:Giorgio Napolitano
192:Costantino Lazzari
2726:
2725:
2666:Combatants' Party
2643:National Alliance
2244:Labour Federation
2026:
2025:
1957:
1956:
1883:Communist Project
1698:Fausto Bertinotti
1555:
1554:
1549:Fausto Bertinotti
1486:
1485:
1480:Fausto Bertinotti
1410:Electoral results
1407:
1406:
1305:sinistra radicale
1238:hammer and sickle
1172:
1171:
1101:Politics of Italy
854:Autonomia Operaia
682:Cultural hegemony
562:Council communism
367:Ernesto Screpanti
342:Fausto Bertinotti
287:Enrico Berlinguer
232:Palmiro Togliatti
222:Bruno Fortichiari
135:
134:
122:Political parties
117:Politics of Italy
49:Fausto Bertinotti
2781:
2578:New Centre-Right
2297:Social Democracy
2291:Democratic Party
2065:
2064:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2005:The Other Europe
1999:Civil Revolution
1950:
1947:Being Communists
1942:
1930:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1816:Eleonora Forenza
1805:Current factions
1802:
1801:
1774:Young Communists
1757:Prodi II Cabinet
1729:
1684:
1674:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1538:
1488:
1487:
1469:
1419:
1418:
1314:
1313:
1234:Prodi II Cabinet
1225:and before that
1223:Democratic Party
1203:parties in Italy
1164:
1157:
1150:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1107:Prison Notebooks
1091:History of Italy
1086:Fischia il vento
911:October 22 Group
667:Anti-imperialism
657:Anti-clericalism
614:Neo-Gramscianism
604:Marxist humanism
587:Marxism–Leninism
519:Movement of 1977
362:Margherita Cagol
352:Domenico Losurdo
337:Achille Occhetto
327:Giovanni Scuderi
312:Armando Cossutta
272:Raniero Panzieri
262:Alessandro Natta
257:Altiero Spinelli
187:Errico Malatesta
164:
137:
136:
80:
78:
65:
63:
38:
19:
18:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2689:
2648:
2601:
2590:Direction Italy
2542:
2508:
2431:
2396:
2361:Italian Renewal
2326:
2267:
2178:
2149:
2138:Democratic Left
2102:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2027:
2022:
1953:
1945:
1933:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1893:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1846:
1825:Former factions
1820:
1819:
1793:
1730:
1721:
1716:Maurizio Acerbo
1704:Franco Giordano
1692:Sergio Garavini
1682:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1627:
1622:Wayback Machine
1613:
1609:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1529:1,053,228 (#6)
1512:
1507:
1502:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1460:1,124,298 (#6)
1443:
1438:
1433:
1417:
1412:
1391:Democratic Left
1342:Franco Giordano
1301:
1281:Socialist Party
1277:Democratic Left
1215:
1168:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1081:Fasci Siciliani
1046:
1038:
1037:
973:
965:
964:
844:
836:
835:
769:Communist Party
764:Communist Front
744:
736:
735:
687:Counterhegemony
652:
644:
643:
634:Western Marxism
537:
529:
528:
497:Primavalle fire
477:May 1947 crises
425:Fasci Siciliani
420:
412:
411:
407:Alberto Toscano
387:Cesare Battisti
357:Silvia Federici
217:Antonio Gramsci
207:Nicola Bombacci
172:
131:
93:
76:
74:
61:
59:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2691:
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2675:
2669:
2663:
2656:
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2649:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2554:Economic Party
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2439:
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2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2388:
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2358:
2353:
2347:
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2327:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2161:Rainbow Greens
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:(2019–present)
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1931:
1927:Countercurrent
1923:
1911:
1899:
1891:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:(2017–present)
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
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1607:
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1585:
1574:
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1540:
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1533:
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1527:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1503:overall votes
1499:
1498:Election year
1495:
1494:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1434:overall votes
1430:
1429:Election year
1426:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1377:Green politics
1374:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1300:
1297:
1289:Unite the Left
1227:The Olive Tree
1214:
1211:
1201:federation of
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:Christian left
1063:
1058:
1056:Bandiera Rossa
1053:
1047:
1045:Related topics
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Quaderni Rossi
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Il Politecnico
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:Workers' Power
957:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
929:
928:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:Lotta Continua
898:
893:
892:
891:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:People's Union
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
791:Countercurrent
788:
783:
782:
781:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
694:Euroscepticism
691:
690:
689:
679:
677:Class conflict
674:
672:Antimilitarism
669:
664:
659:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
600:
599:
594:
584:
579:
577:Left communism
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
521:
516:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
443:
442:
432:
427:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
382:Marco Ferrando
379:
374:
372:Franco Berardi
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
332:Gianni Vattimo
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
297:Lucio Colletti
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
237:Ruggero Grieco
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
212:Amadeo Bordiga
209:
204:
202:Egidio Gennari
199:
197:Luigi Galleani
194:
189:
184:
179:
177:Emilio Covelli
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
157:
156:
146:
145:
133:
132:
130:
129:
124:
119:
113:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
88:
82:
81:
71:
67:
66:
56:
52:
51:
46:
40:
39:
31:
30:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2786:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:Liberal Union
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:The Democrats
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:Radical Party
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:Critical Left
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:Bertinottiani
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1812:Paolo Ferrero
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:Eurocommunism
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:Paolo Ferrero
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1508:overall vote
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1439:overall vote
1436:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
969:
968:
961:
958:
956:
955:
954:Volante Rossa
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
927:
924:
923:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:Critical Left
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
840:
839:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
740:
739:
732:
731:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
648:
647:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Eurocommunism
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
533:
532:
525:
522:
520:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:Years of Lead
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
431:
430:Biennio Rosso
428:
426:
423:
422:
416:
415:
408:
405:
403:
402:Paolo Ferrero
400:
398:
397:Nichi Vendola
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
347:Renato Curcio
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
322:Antonio Negri
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
242:Onorato Damen
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
182:Carlo Cafiero
180:
178:
175:
174:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
148:
147:
143:
139:
138:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
92:
91:Eco-socialism
89:
87:
83:
73:May 2008
72:
68:
57:
53:
50:
47:
45:
41:
37:
32:
20:
2560:Forza Italia
2385:Civic Choice
2279:Action Party
2202:Action Party
1980:
1935:HammerSickle
1766:
1628:
1610:
1599:
1588:
1577:
1566:
1304:
1302:
1246:
1231:
1216:
1187:Rainbow Left
1186:
1174:
1173:
1105:
983:il manifesto
952:
948:Red Brigades
895:
728:
662:Anti-fascism
624:Post-Marxism
317:Mario Tronti
292:Livio Maitan
277:Luciano Lama
2686:(1946–1995)
2680:(1943–1945)
2674:(1921–1943)
2668:(1919–1923)
2662:(1910–1923)
2653:Nationalist
2645:(1995–2009)
2639:(1977–1979)
2633:(1959–1972)
2627:(1954–1959)
2621:(1946–1959)
2615:(1946–1949)
2598:(2019–2022)
2592:(2017–2019)
2586:(2015–2017)
2580:(2013–2017)
2574:(2010–2014)
2568:(2009–2013)
2562:(1994–2009)
2556:(1919–1924)
2534:(1953–1954)
2528:(1922–1994)
2522:(1913–1922)
2505:(1999–2013)
2499:(2005–2009)
2493:(2001–2002)
2487:(1995–2002)
2481:(1994–2002)
2469:(1994–2002)
2463:(1943–1994)
2457:(1919–1926)
2451:(1913–1919)
2445:(1906–1919)
2428:(2011–2013)
2426:Great South
2422:(1995–1996)
2416:(1994–1996)
2410:(1943–1951)
2393:(2015–2018)
2387:(2013–2019)
2381:(2002–2007)
2375:(1993–2003)
2369:(1999–2002)
2363:(1996–2002)
2352:(1998–1999)
2346:(1919–1926)
2340:(1913–1919)
2323:(1991–1999)
2321:The Network
2317:(1993–1997)
2311:(1955–1989)
2299:(1922–1926)
2293:(1913–1919)
2287:(1904–1922)
2281:(1853–1867)
2264:(2017–2023)
2262:Article One
2258:(1998–2007)
2252:(1998–2007)
2246:(1994–1998)
2240:(1947–1998)
2234:(1892–1994)
2228:(1966–1969)
2222:(1949–1951)
2216:(1948–1949)
2210:(1943–1948)
2204:(1929–1947)
2198:(1922–1930)
2192:(1912–1926)
2175:(1990–2021)
2169:(1986–1990)
2163:(1989–1990)
2146:(2010-2016)
2140:(2007–2010)
2134:(1991–1998)
2128:(1964–1972)
2122:(1882–1892)
2116:(1881–1893)
2099:(1998–2014)
2093:(1978–1991)
2087:(1921–1991)
2081:(1972–1984)
2013:(2017–2018)
2001:(2012–2013)
1995:(2008–2012)
1989:(2008–2009)
1983:(2007–2008)
1977:(2005–2007)
1915:The Ernesto
1768:Liberazione
1712:(2008–2017)
1706:(2006–2008)
1700:(1994–2006)
1694:(1991–1994)
1683:Secretaries
1402:Fabio Mussi
1299:Composition
1219:centre-left
993:Il Pioniere
978:Liberazione
619:Neo-Marxism
609:Migliorismo
377:Paolo Virno
267:Nilde Iotti
252:Luigi Longo
2733:Categories
2373:Segni Pact
1558:References
1061:Bella ciao
879:Front Line
754:CARC Party
730:Subalterns
724:Solidarity
719:Secularism
651:Principles
629:Trotskyism
547:Autonomism
536:Ideologies
492:Hot Autumn
62:2007-12-08
2596:Cambiamo!
2072:Communist
1975:The Union
1962:Alliances
1917:(2011) /
1357:Communism
1337:Communism
1320:Ideology
1291:, formed
1199:left-wing
1197:), was a
1033:Vie Nuove
1018:Rinascita
988:Pattuglia
639:Workerism
597:Stalinism
552:Bordigism
507:Moro case
150:Communism
127:Elections
107:Left-wing
70:Dissolved
2017:The Left
1618:Archived
1309:far left
1003:La Plebe
699:Feminism
582:Leninism
142:a series
140:Part of
86:Ideology
1735:General
1537:0 / 315
1519:Leader
1468:0 / 630
1450:Leader
1353:(PdCI)
1323:Leader
1213:History
1191:Italian
1179:Italian
1118:Craxism
1028:l'Unità
1023:Società
419:History
77:2008-05
75: (
60: (
55:Founded
2475:(1998)
2305:(1946)
2007:(2014)
1971:(1994)
1949:(2016)
1941:(2016)
1929:(2013)
1921:(2016)
1909:(2009)
1897:(2007)
1889:(2006)
1877:(2006)
1869:(1998)
1861:(1995)
1373:(FdV)
1333:(PRC)
1317:Party
1273:Greens
592:Maoism
171:People
44:Leader
2154:Green
1532:3.21
1463:3.08
1393:(SD)
972:Media
154:Italy
1525:2008
1516:+/–
1511:# of
1506:% of
1501:# of
1456:2008
1447:+/–
1442:# of
1437:% of
1432:# of
1287:and
1275:and
926:FGCI
889:FGCI
152:in
2735::
1937:/
1905:/
1885:/
1295:.
1283:,
1244:.
1229:.
1209:.
1193::
1181::
779:GC
144:on
2052:e
2045:t
2038:v
1818:.
1664:e
1657:t
1650:v
1543:–
1474:–
1189:(
1177:(
1163:e
1156:t
1149:v
79:)
64:)
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