250:
31:
75:
50:
337:
are small, creamy-white, perfumed, and borne along spikes in the leaf axils towards the ends of the branches. Flowering is from
September to December or February (Southern hemisphere spring/summer). The leaf blades are strongly discolorous with a broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, occasionally
507:
in its fruit: recorded concentrations of 2300–3150 mg/100 g wet weight and occasionally as high as 5300 mg/100 g, compared with 50 mg/100 g for oranges, making it among the highest known of any natural source. It also contains a high
558:
Because of its potential for varied uses as a food, cosmetic ingredient or preservative, there has been a need to manage its growth in the wild, and in addition, efforts have been made to involve
Indigenous groups in the growing industry. The
563:
has created a five-year (2019–2023) management plan "to ensure wild populations of this native plant and its habitat are adequately maintained across the
Northern Territory well into the future".
495:
The tree is particularly valued as a medicine by the
Aboriginal peoples of the region, who use the inside of the bark for treating various skin ailments and infections.
1013:
Hegarty MP, Hegarty EE. Food Safety of
Australian Plant Bushfoods, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation 2001; publication number 01/28, ACT, Australia.
801:
338:
obovate shape and are 11 to 33 centimetres (4.3 to 13.0 in) in length with a width of 8.5 to 23 centimetres (3.3 to 9.1 in) and have a rounded apex. The
349:
is yellow-green, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long and 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter, almond-sized with a short beak at the tip, and contain one large
1023:
Gorman JT, Griffiths AD, Whitehead PJ (2006). "An analysis of the use of plant products for commerce in remote
Aboriginal communities of Northern Australia".
926:
1190:
1549:
1053:
Williams, David J.; Edwards, David; Pun, Sharon; Chaliha, Mridusmita; Burren, Brian; Tinggi, Ujang; Sultanbawa, Yasmina (16 August 2016).
1589:
1554:
1430:
1443:
467:. Since demand has increased for the fruit for human consumption, careful management is necessary to ensure its sustainability.
1308:
Sustainable Land Sector
Development in Northern Australia : Indigenous rights, aspirations, and cultural responsibilities
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1143:
861:
1584:
1315:
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1135:
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958:
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816:
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298:, native to Australia, widespread throughout the tropical woodlands from north-western Australia to eastern
644:
489:
1422:
1569:
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1365:
1448:
708:
1508:
931:
74:
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730:
329:
growing up to 14 m (46 ft) in height, with creamy-grey, flaky bark and deciduous pale green
397:
1221:"Why superfruits could see this red dirt field in Broome deliver an annual, $ 5m crop within years"
540:
388:
The tree is widespread throughout the tropical woodlands from northwestern
Australia to eastern
1487:
1333:
543:
Centre for
Nutrition and Food Sciences researchers over a decade, the fruit has been used as a
1277:
369:
191:
1136:"It's known to be a superfood, but what exactly are the health benefits of the Kakadu plum?"
1391:
1110:
Public Health Bush Book. Volume 2: Facts & Approaches to Three Key Public Health Issues
596:
485:
413:
685:
353:. They ripen from March onwards, with the ripe fruits being very pale, sometimes pinkish.
8:
365:
207:
39:
578:
wholesale, and 50 kg of fruit is needed to create a single kilogram of the powder.
1521:
1417:
1409:
791:
592:
525:
401:
215:
168:
69:
624:
1378:
1311:
1089:
1081:
604:
373:
249:
1526:
1383:
1107:
Department of Health (Northern
Territory) (2005). "Chapter 3: Food and Nutrition".
1073:
1032:
927:"Meet the Kakadu plum: an international superfood thousands of years in the making"
756:
703:
620:
1077:
1370:
291:
112:
30:
342:
are 16 to 19 centimetres (6.3 to 7.5 in) long and are glabrous throughout.
652:
599:
where the English name "kakadu plum" originates, the fruit and tree are called
357:
99:
566:
As of 2021, 50 kg (110 lb) powder, created by a processing plant in
368:
in honour of the first European botanist to collect and describe Kakadu plum,
1543:
1482:
1356:
1085:
694:
452:
339:
307:
59:
54:
1500:
889:
1093:
544:
460:
295:
158:
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608:
552:
509:
481:
409:
389:
303:
299:
963:
Department of Environment, Parks and Water Security (Northern Territory)
838:
Exell, Arthur Wallis (1935). "Notes from the British Museum Herbarium".
1435:
567:
423:, creek beds, ridges, among vine thickets and on the edges of areas of
420:
1461:
528:
finish", sometimes salty. Its taste makes it suitable for making into
1404:
1059:): The good (ellagic), the bad (oxalic) and the uncertain (ascorbic)"
796:
504:
464:
436:
432:
424:
311:
1327:
1250:
1350:
575:
513:
440:
148:
125:
1474:
451:
The Kakadu plum provides food for important small mammals such as
1495:
1396:
524:
Kakadu plums taste "somewhat bland, but with a definite sour and
456:
405:
533:
334:
138:
548:
346:
86:
428:
350:
330:
326:
988:. Kenthurst, NSW, Australia: Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd.
859:
1052:
1037:
10.1663/0013-0001(2006)60[362:AAOTUO]2.0.CO;2
529:
1022:
802:
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
419:
It grows in a variety of habitat including sandplains,
404:
where it is found mostly in the western portion of the
310:
for centuries, the fruit has especially high levels of
737:. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d
869:
Proceedings of the Nutritional Society of Australia
709:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T173844325A173844510.en
1129:
1127:
860:Brand JC, Cherikoff V, Lee A, McDonnell J (1982).
1541:
1191:"Karen Sheldon Catering – serving up innovation"
1197:. Australian Government, Business. 10 June 2021
1170:Bush plum proving fruitful for seafood industry
1133:
1124:
1305:
1214:
1212:
1134:O'Brien, Kristy; Levy, Anna (22 July 2021).
920:
918:
916:
914:
503:The Kakadu plum has a high concentration of
1048:
1046:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
396:region of Western Australia as far west as
372:, who had originally given the species the
1209:
683:
581:
48:
29:
998:
983:
911:
707:
1257:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
1043:
814:
775:
519:
248:
1301:
1299:
855:
853:
635:comes from an eastern Arnhem language.
1542:
953:
951:
949:
840:Journal of Botany, British and Foreign
408:from the Western Australian border to
1332:
1331:
1218:
1163:
924:
884:
882:
837:
586:
392:. It is found along the coast in the
1296:
850:
638:
498:
383:
325:is a slender, small to medium-sized
1550:IUCN Red List least concern species
1229:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1144:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
946:
723:
695:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
677:
475:
13:
986:Aboriginal people and their plants
879:
862:"Nutrients in important bushfoods"
808:
749:
14:
1601:
1590:Taxa named by Arthur Wallis Exell
1248:
1219:Mills, Vanessa (16 August 2021).
1164:Brann, Matt (19 September 2013).
819:. Useful Tropical Plants Database
1514:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:171116-1
1275:
1120:– via DoH Digital Library.
959:"Kakadu Plum Management Program"
890:"Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell"
800:. Western Australian Government
757:"Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell"
731:"Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell"
439:, and is often found as part of
73:
1555:Flora of the Northern Territory
1269:
1242:
1183:
1157:
1100:
1055:"Organic acids in Kakadu plum (
1016:
1007:
992:
977:
1310:. CRC Press. p. Box 4.4.
1306:Russell-Smith, Jeremy (2018).
831:
317:
1:
1078:10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.004
1003:. Australia: Weldons Pty Ltd.
898:Northern Territory Government
670:
561:Northern Territory Government
547:to maintain the freshness of
262:, most commonly known as the
645:Kimberley, Western Australia
490:Aboriginal Australian people
412:but is found as far east as
7:
1560:Rosids of Western Australia
1284:. Charles Darwin University
1066:Food Research International
925:Leach, Greg (31 May 2019).
480:The fruit has been used as
10:
1606:
817:"Terminalia ferdinandiana"
792:"Terminalia ferdinandiana"
735:Plants of the World Online
702:: e.T173844325A173844510.
446:
1340:
603:. In the closely related
539:Based on studies done by
221:
214:
197:
190:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1585:Plants described in 1935
1423:Terminalia ferdinandiana
1342:Terminalia ferdinandiana
1255:Bininj Kunwok dictionary
1057:Terminalia ferdinandiana
688:Terminalia ferdinandiana
643:In the languages of the
541:University of Queensland
400:extending east into the
323:Terminalia ferdinandiana
302:. Used as a traditional
259:Terminalia ferdinandiana
201:Terminalia ferdinandiana
647:, the tree is known as
582:In Aboriginal languages
470:
1282:Yolŋu Matha dictionary
512:content that may have
290:and other names, is a
254:
1575:Myrtales of Australia
520:Taste and modern uses
431:or clay soils around
427:. It grows in sandy,
376:(illegitimate name),
252:
183:T. ferdinandiana
1580:Kakadu National Park
597:Kakadu National Park
486:traditional medicine
414:Limmen National Park
266:and also called the
763:. Species 2000. n.d
684:Turner, S. (2021).
233:Terminalia latipes
40:Conservation status
1570:Trees of Australia
1565:Terminalia (plant)
999:Isaacs J. (1987).
984:Clarke PA (2007).
595:, the language of
587:Northern Territory
402:Northern Territory
255:
1537:
1536:
1334:Taxon identifiers
815:Ken Fern (2014).
761:Catalogue of Life
639:Western Australia
607:language of West
499:Nutritional value
384:Range and habitat
378:Terminalia edulis
374:nomen illegitimum
370:Ferdinand Mueller
364:" was created by
247:
246:
241:
229:
225:Terminalia edulis
63:
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1278:"ŋäṉ'ka-bakarra"
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621:Kuninjku dialect
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492:over centuries.
476:Traditional uses
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1249:Garde, Murray.
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1195:business.gov.au
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965:. 18 April 2019
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516:when consumed.
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358:species epithet
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292:flowering plant
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16:Species of tree
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1527:wfo-0000408781
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1099:
1072:(1): 237–244.
1042:
1031:(4): 362–373.
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653:Bardi language
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629:ŋäṉ'ka-bakarra
611:, the word is
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340:inflorescences
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294:in the family
272:billygoat plum
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1317:9780429895579
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443:communities.
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362:ferdinandiana
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308:bush medicine
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192:Binomial name
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100:Tracheophytes
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55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1341:
1307:
1286:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1224:
1199:. Retrieved
1194:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1139:
1114:. Retrieved
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967:. Retrieved
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936:. Retrieved
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901:. Retrieved
893:
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821:. Retrieved
810:
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765:. Retrieved
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739:. Retrieved
734:
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713:. Retrieved
699:
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679:
664:
660:
656:
648:
642:
632:
631:. The name
628:
617:mandjiribidj
616:
612:
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570:, sells for
565:
557:
553:frozen foods
545:preservative
538:
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296:Combretaceae
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182:
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159:Combretaceae
132:
119:
106:
93:
24:Kakadu plum
18:
1457:iNaturalist
1251:"manmorlak"
823:17 November
609:Arnhem Land
510:oxalic acid
482:bush tucker
421:floodplains
410:Arnhem Land
390:Arnhem Land
318:Description
300:Arnhem Land
264:Kakadu plum
113:Angiosperms
1544:Categories
1166:"ABC News"
671:References
665:jambalbeng
661:yuminyarri
651:(from the
593:Kundjeyhmi
568:Queensland
526:astringent
465:bandicoots
366:A.W. Exell
280:salty plum
276:green plum
237:psilocarpa
170:Terminalia
1488:173844325
1405:FloraBase
1234:17 August
1201:19 August
1175:19 August
1149:19 August
1116:17 August
1086:1873-7145
1001:Bush Food
969:17 August
938:19 August
797:FloraBase
613:manmorlak
605:Kunwinjku
505:vitamin C
461:tree rats
457:rock rats
437:ironstone
433:sandstone
425:mangroves
394:Kimberley
312:vitamin C
304:bush food
228:F.Muell.
177:Species:
83:Kingdom:
1475:171116-1
1397:51603217
1351:Wikidata
1225:ABC News
1140:ABC News
1094:28460910
1025:Econ Bot
894:NT Flora
875:: 50–54.
601:anmarlak
576:kilogram
534:relishes
514:toxicity
441:eucalypt
216:Synonyms
155:Family:
149:Myrtales
126:Eudicots
60:IUCN 3.1
1496:NTFlora
1436:3699413
1357:Q584776
1288:22 June
1261:22 June
903:16 July
767:27 June
741:27 June
715:27 June
657:mardorr
649:gubinge
633:murunga
619:in the
453:possums
447:Ecology
406:top end
335:flowers
284:murunga
268:gubinge
253:Foliage
165:Genus:
145:Order:
87:Plantae
58: (
1462:563581
1449:454932
1314:
1092:
1084:
846:: 263.
572:A$ 500
549:prawns
463:, and
398:Broome
333:. The
331:leaves
240:Pedley
235:subsp.
139:Rosids
1418:FoAO2
1384:55G6F
1371:66047
1062:(PDF)
865:(PDF)
625:Yolŋu
623:. In
615:, or
429:peaty
347:fruit
288:mador
208:Exell
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
1509:POWO
1501:1322
1483:IUCN
1470:IPNI
1444:GRIN
1431:GBIF
1410:5303
1366:APNI
1312:ISBN
1290:2019
1263:2019
1236:2021
1203:2021
1177:2021
1151:2021
1118:2021
1090:PMID
1082:ISSN
971:2021
940:2021
905:2017
825:2015
769:2023
743:2023
717:2023
700:2021
663:and
574:per
551:and
471:Uses
356:The
351:seed
345:The
327:tree
306:and
1522:WFO
1392:EoL
1379:CoL
1074:doi
1033:doi
704:doi
591:In
530:jam
488:by
484:or
435:or
1546::
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1511::
1498::
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1459::
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1394::
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286:,
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