Banjo - Knowledge

811: 931: 1792: 1804: 1156: 1359:. Other tunings found in old-time music include double C (G4 C3 G3 C4 D4), "sawmill" (G4 D3 G3 C4 D4) also called "mountain modal" and open D (F#4 D3 F#3 A3 D4). These tunings are often taken up a tone, either by tuning up or using a capo. For example, "double-D" tuning (A4 D3 A3 D4 E4) – commonly reached by tuning up from double C – is often played to accompany fiddle tunes in the key of D, and Open-A (A4 E3 A3 C#4 E4) is usually used for playing tunes in the key of A. Dozens of other banjo tunings are used, mostly in old-time music. These tunings are used to make playing specific tunes easier, usually fiddle tunes or groups of fiddle tunes. 1194: 1375: 771: 1182: 1679: 1035: 1150: 2050:, banjo orchestras – was when the instrumentation was made to parallel that of the string section in symphony orchestras. Thus, "violin, viola, 'cello, bass" became "mandolin, mandola, mandocello, mandobass", or in the case of banjos, "banjolin, banjola, banjo cello, bass banjo". Because the range of pluck-stringed instrument generally is not as great as that of comparably sized bowed-string instruments, other instruments were often added to these plucked orchestras to extend the range of the ensemble upwards and downwards. 376: 154: 109: 2058: 1170: 2039: 2223:(1896–1965), plectrum and tenor banjo, was regarded by some as the best tenor banjoist of the 1920s. He wrote a large number of works for tenor banjo, as well as instructional material including numerous banjo method books, over a dozen other instrumental method books (for guitar, ukulele, mandolin etc.), and was well known in the banjo community. Reser's accomplished single string and "chord melody" technique set a "high mark" that many subsequent tenor players still endeavor to attain. 2329:(1939–2012) was an Irish musician and a founding member of The Dubliners. He played the tenor banjo, violin, mandolin, and melodeon. He was most renowned as a banjo player. Barney used GDAE tuning on a 19-fret tenor banjo, an octave below fiddle/mandolin and, according to musician Mick Moloney, was single-handedly responsible for making the GDAE-tuned tenor banjo the standard banjo in Irish music. Due to his skill level on the banjo, fans all around the world and other members of 807:

People were exposed to banjos not only at minstrel shows, but also medicine shows, Wild-West shows, variety shows, and traveling vaudeville shows. The banjo's popularity also was given a boost by the Civil War, as servicemen on both sides in the Army or Navy were exposed to the banjo played in minstrel shows and by other servicemen. A popular movement of aspiring banjoists began as early as 1861. The enthusiasm for the instrument was labeled a "banjo craze" or "banjo mania."

2357:(b. 1958) is widely acknowledged as one of the world's most innovative and technically proficient banjo players. His work spans many styles and genres, including jazz, bluegrass, classical, R&B, avant garde, and "world music", and he has produced a substantial discography and videography. He works extensively in both acoustic and electric media. Fleck has been nominated for Grammy Awards in more categories than any other artist, and has received 13 as of 2015. 353: 1938:

body and skin tensioning system suspended inside the wooden rim, the neck and string tailpiece mounted on the outside of the rim, and the drone string led through a tube in the neck so that the tuning peg can be mounted on the head. They were often made by builders who used guitar tuners that came in banks of three, so five-stringed instruments had a redundant tuner; these banjos could be somewhat easily converted over to a six-string banjo.

1626: 47: 546:. This fruit is sometimes eight inches or more in diameter. The stretch across it the skin of a goat, which they attach on the edges with little nails; they put two or three little holes on this surface, and then a kind of plank or piece of wood that is rudely flattened makes the neck of the instrument; they stretch three strings made of pitre across it; and so the instrument is built. On this instrument they play 1347:. For small changes (going up or down one or two semitones, for example), simply retuning the fifth string is possible. Otherwise, various devices called "fifth-string capos" effectively shorten the vibrating part of the string. Many banjo players use model-railroad spikes or titanium spikes (usually installed at the seventh fret and sometimes at others), under which they hook the string to press it down on the 6514: 1239:'lifting' (as opposed to downward pluck) motion of the thumb. The notes typically sounded by the thumb in this fashion are, usually, on the off beat. Melodies can be quite intricate adding techniques such as double thumbing and drop thumb. In old time Appalachian Mountain music, a style called two-finger up-pick is also used, and a three-finger version that 4715:. University of Illinois Press, 2018. The story of the banjo's journey from Africa to the western hemisphere blends music, history, and a union of cultures. In Banjo Roots and Branches, Robert B. Winans presents cutting-edge scholarship that covers the instrument's West African origins and its adaptations and circulation in the Caribbean and United States. 951:

the maidens and a good many of the women also strum the instrument, banjo classes abound on every side and banjo recitals are among the newest diversions of fashion...Youths and elderly men too have caught the fever...the star strummers among men are in demand at the smartest parties and have the choosing of the society of the most charming girls."

1371:, tuned one fourth above a standard five-string. Piccolo banjos are smaller, and tuned one octave above a standard banjo. Between these sizes and standard lies the A-scale banjo, which is two frets shorter and usually tuned one full step above standard tunings. Many makers have produced banjos of other scale lengths, and with various innovations. 2087:. These were especially popular in the early decades of the 20th century, and were probably a result of a desire either to allow players of other instruments to jump on the banjo bandwagon at the height of its popularity, or to get the natural amplification benefits of the banjo resonator in an age before electric amplification. 1909:'s original jazz-orchestra arrangement, includes tenor banjo, with widely spaced chords not easily playable on plectrum banjo in its conventional tunings. With development of the archtop and electric guitar, the tenor banjo largely disappeared from jazz and popular music, though keeping its place in traditional "Dixieland" jazz. 2363:(b. 1981) is an American banjoist who plays eclectic styles including traditional bluegrass, classical, rock, and jazz music. He has won the Steve Martin Prize for Excellence in Banjo and Bluegrass in 2010. He has been nominated for eight Grammy Nominations and has been awarded one with his band, the Punch Brothers, in 2018. 2229:(1902–1970) was a great proponent of the plectrum banjo who performed for nearly five decades (1920–1968) and left a considerable legacy of recordings. An early reviewer dubbed him "King of the Banjo", and his was a household name for decades. He went on to develop new instruments, produce records, and appear in movies. 1354:

Five-string banjo players use many tunings. (Tunings are given in left-to-right order, as viewed from the front of the instrument with the neck pointing up for a right-handed instrument. Left handed instruments reverse the order of the strings.) Probably the most common, particularly in bluegrass, is

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New styles of playing, a new look, instruments in a variety of pitch ranges to take the place of different sections in an orchestra – all helped to separate the instrument from the rough minstrel image of the previous 50–60 years. The instrument was modern now, a bright new thing, with polished metal

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Banjo innovation which began in the minstrel age continued, with increased use of metal parts, exotic wood, raised metal frets and a tone-ring that improved the sound. Instruments were designed in a variety of sizes and pitch ranges, to play different parts in banjo orchestras. Examples on display in

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As the "raucous" imitations of plantation life decreased in minstrelsy, the banjo became more acceptable as an instrument of fashionable society, even to be accepted into women's parlors. Part of that change was a switch from the stroke style to the guitar playing style. An 1888 newspaper said, "All

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began his traveling minstrel show. By the end of the 1840s the instrument had expanded from Caribbean possession to take root in places across America and across the Atlantic in England. It was estimated in 1866 that there were probably 10,000 banjos in New York City, up from only a handful in 1844.

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The six-string banjo began as a British innovation by William Temlett, one of England's earliest banjo makers. He opened a shop in London in 1846, and sold seven-string banjos which he marketed as "zither" banjos from his 1869 patent. A zither banjo usually has a closed back and sides with the drum

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The four-string plectrum banjo is a standard banjo without the short drone string. It usually has 22 frets on the neck and a scale length of 26 to 28 inches, and was originally tuned C3 G3 B3 D4. It can also be tuned like the top four strings of a guitar, which is known as "Chicago tuning". As

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The change in tastes toward dance music and the need for louder instruments began a few years before the war, however, with ragtime. That music encouraged musicians to alter their 5-string banjos to four, add the louder steel strings and use a pick or plectrum, all in an effort to be heard over the

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The body, or "pot", of a modern banjo typically consists of a circular rim (generally made of wood, though metal was also common on older banjos) and a tensioned head, similar to a drum head. Traditionally, the head was made from animal skin, but today is often made of various synthetic materials.

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In the guitar style of Banjo-playing...the little finger of the right hand is rested upon the head near the bridge... serves as a rest to the hand and a resistance to the movement of picking the strings...In the beginning it is best to acquire a knowledge of picking the strings with the use of the

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The modern five-string banjo is a variation on Sweeney's original design. The fifth string is usually the same gauge as the first, but starts from the fifth fret, three-quarters the length of the other strings. This lets the string be tuned to a higher open pitch than possible for the full-length

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By the 1850s, aspiring banjo players had options to help them learn their instrument. There were more teachers teaching banjo basics in the 1850s than there had been in the 1840s. There were also instruction manuals and, for those who could read it, printed music in the manuals. The first book of

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Bass banjos have been produced in both upright bass formats and with standard, horizontally carried banjo bodies. Contrabass banjos with either three or four strings have also been made; some of these had headstocks similar to those of bass violins. Tuning varies on these large instruments, with

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Four-string banjos can be used for chordal accompaniment (as in early jazz), for single-string melody playing (as in Irish traditional music), in "chord melody" style (a succession of chords in which the highest notes carry the melody), in tremolo style (both on chords and single strings), and a

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made an effort to "elevate" the instrument or make it more "artistic," by "bringing it to a more sophisticated level of technique and repertoire based on European standards." Huntley may have been the first white performer to successfully make the transition from performing in blackface to being

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is the first documented white banjoist, in the 1830s Sweeney became the first white performer to play the banjo on stage. Sweeney's musical performances occurred at the beginning of the minstrel era, as banjos shifted away from being exclusively homemade folk instruments to instruments of a more

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style by the Africans who brought their version of the banjo with them. Several other styles of play were developed from this. Clawhammer consists of downward striking of one or more of the four main strings with the index, middle or both fingers while the drone or fifth string is played with a

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Some banjos have a separate resonator plate on the back of the pot to project the sound forward and give the instrument more volume. This type of banjo is usually used in bluegrass music, though resonator banjos are played by players of all styles, and are also used in old-time, sometimes as a

2197:(1878–1960) was a noted five-string player and banjo maker who learned to play from listening to cylinder recordings of Vess Ossman. He recorded for Edison's company, producing some of the earliest disk recordings, and also the earliest ragtime recordings in any medium other than player piano. 1014:

to be visually dynamic to a theater audience. The instruments were increasingly modified or made in a new style – necks that were shortened to handle the four steel (not fiber as before) strings, strings that were sounded with a pick instead of fingers, four strings instead of five and tuned

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In the early 1900s, new banjos began to spread, four-string models, played with a plectrum rather than with the minstrel-banjo clawhammer stroke or the classic-banjo fingerpicking style. The new banjos were a result of changing musical tastes. New music spurred the creation of "evolutionary

1917:, one of the most popular Irish-American groups of the day. Other pre-WWII Irish banjo players included Neil Nolan, who recorded with Dan Sullivan's Shamrock Band in Boston, and Jimmy McDade, who recorded with the Four Provinces Orchestra in Philadelphia. Meanwhile, in Ireland, the rise of 885:

is used today to talk about a bare-finger "guitar style" that was widely in use among banjo players of the late 19th to early 20th century. It is still used by banjoists today. The term also differentiates that style of playing from the fingerpicking bluegrass banjo styles, such as the

2378:, early radio and recording pioneer, author of many instructional books, and whose influential performances on many fretted instruments earned him the nickname "Wizard of the Strings", during his active years (1922–1950). Prominent tenor players of more recent vintage include 2053:

The banjo cello was normally tuned C2-G2-D3-A3, one octave below the tenor banjo like the cello and mandocello. A five-string cello banjo, set up like a bluegrass banjo (with the short fifth string), but tuned one octave lower, has been produced by the Goldtone company.

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Banjo-like instruments seem to have been independently invented in several different places, in addition to the many African instruments mentioned above, since instruments similar to the banjo are known from a diverse array of distant countries. For example, the Chinese

561:, a Negro instrument, that the natives prepare by sawing one of the calabashes or a large gourd lengthwise, to which they attach a neck and sonorous strings made from the filament" of aloe plants. It was played during any occasion, from boredom to joyous parties and 3722:

The resulting catastrophic collapse of the stock market and Great Depression which followed marked the end of the jazz age – the final years in which the banjo held a place of prominence in American popular music. By 1940, for all practical purposes, the banjo was

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pointed out in 1964 that Sweeney may not have originated either the 5th string or sound box. This new banjo was at first tuned d'Gdf♯a, though by the 1890s, this had been transposed up to g'cgbd'. Banjos were introduced in Britain by Sweeney's group, the American

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advised Cammeyer that the zither banjo might be popular with English audiences as it had been invented there, and Cammeyer went to London in 1888. With his virtuoso playing, he helped show that banjos could make more sophisticated music than normally played by

1930: 471:, which was used by early French travelers in the Americas. Its earliest recorded use was in 1678 by the Sovereign Council of Martinique which reinstated a 1654 decree that placed prohibitions and restrictions on "dances and assemblies of negroes" deemed to be 171: 1107:. Scruggs played the banjo "with heretofore unheard of speed and dexterity," using a picking technique for the 5-string banjo that he perfected from 2-finger and 3-finger picking techniques in rural North Carolina. His playing reached Americans through the 126: 1820:

The shorter-necked, tenor banjo, with 17 ("short scale") or 19 frets, is also typically played with a plectrum. It became a popular instrument after about 1910. Early models used for melodic picking typically had 17 frets on the neck and a scale length of

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basically consist of a six-string guitar neck attached to a bluegrass or plectrum banjo body, which allows players who have learned the guitar to play a banjo sound without having to relearn fingerings. This was the instrument of the early jazz great

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differently. The changes reflected the nature of post-World-War-I music. The country was turning away from European classics, preferring the "upbeat and carefree feel" of jazz, and American soldiers returning from the war helped to drive this change.

588:(or similar shell) body. These instruments differ from early African-American banjos in that the necks do not possess a Western-style fingerboard and tuning pegs; instead they have stick necks, with strings attached to the neck with loops for tuning. 1019:

brass and reed instruments that were current in dance-halls. The four string plectrum and tenor banjos did not eliminate the five-string variety. They were products of their times and musical purposes—ragtime and jazz dance music and theater music.

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first and second fingers and thumb only, allowing the third finger to remain idle until the other fingers have become thoroughly accustomed to their work...the three fingers are almost invariably used in playing chords and accompaniments to songs."

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Some 1920s Irish banjo players picked out the melodies of jigs, reels, and hornpipes on tenor banjos, decorating the tunes with snappy triplet ornaments. The most important Irish banjo player of this era was Mike Flanagan of the New York-based

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The modern banjo comes in a variety of forms, including four- and five-string versions. A six-string version, tuned and played similarly to a guitar, has gained popularity. In almost all of its forms, banjo playing is characterized by a fast

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Alternatively known as "finger style", the new way of playing the banjo displaced the stroke method, until by 1870 it was the dominant style. Although mentioned by Briggs, it wasn't taught. The first banjo method to teach the technique was

2253:(also known as the "Seeger Banjo"), which adds three lower frets to the five-string banjo's neck, and tunes the four main strings down by a minor third, to facilitate playing in singing keys more comfortable for some folk guitarists. 1695:

and two fingerpicks, or with bare fingers. The plectrum banjo evolved out of the five-string banjo, to cater to styles of music involving strummed chords. The plectrum is also featured in many early jazz recordings and arrangements.

4633:(Winans, 2018). University of Illinois Press, 2018. Gibson's historiographic chapter uncovers much new information about black banjo and fiddle players, and dance, in Kentucky, and their influence on white musicians, from the 1780s. 1195: 4611:. University of Illinois Press, 2003. Winner of the Simkins Prize of the Southern Historical Association, 1979. Winner of the Chicago Folklore Prize. The anniversary edition of a classic study of black slave music in America. 2259:(1924–2012), whose career ranged from the end of World War II into the 21st century, is widely regarded as the father of the bluegrass style of banjo playing. The three-finger style of playing he developed while playing with 2203:(1894–1970), of the United Kingdom, developed a unique fingerstyle technique on the four-string plectrum instrument, and was a prolific composer of four-string banjo music, much of which is still performed and recorded today. 226:

fad, followed by mass-production and mail-order sales, including instruction method books. The inexpensive or home-made banjo remained part of rural folk culture, but 5-string and 4-string banjos also became popular for home

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The tenor banjo was a common rhythm instrument in early 20th-century dance bands. Its volume and timbre suited early jazz (and jazz-influenced popular music styles) and could both compete with other instruments (such as

1255:, though early players and some modern players play either with nails or with a technique known as on the flesh. In this style the strings are played directly with the fingers, rather than any pick or intermediary. 947:

himself on stage, noted by the Boston Herald in November 1884. He was supported by another former blackface performer, Samuel Swaim Stewart, in his corporate magazine that popularized highly talented professionals.

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A number of hybrid instruments exist, crossing the banjo with other stringed instruments. Most of these use the body of a banjo, often with a resonator, and the neck of the other instrument. Examples include the

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The size of the five-string banjo is largely standardized, with a scale length of 26.25 in (667 mm), but smaller and larger sizes exist, including the long-neck or "Seeger neck" variation designed by

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is a stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity to form a resonator. The membrane is typically circular, in modern forms usually made of plastic, originally of animal skin.

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Banjos with fingerboards and tuning pegs are known from the Caribbean as early as the 17th century. Some 18th- and early 19th-century writers transcribed the name of these instruments variously as

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Pete Seeger "was a major force behind a new national interest in folk music." Learning to play a fingerstyle in the Appalachians from musicians who never stopped playing the banjo, he wrote the book,

368:, the earliest known American painting to picture a banjo-like instrument, which shows a four-string instrument with its 4th (thumb) string shorter than the others; thought to depict a plantation in 172: 125: 1390:

or frailing, characterized by the use of a downward rather than upward stroke when striking the strings with a fingernail. Frailing techniques use the thumb to catch the fifth string for a

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Modern six-string bluegrass banjos have been made. These add a bass string between the lowest string and the drone string on a five-string banjo, and are usually tuned G4 G2 D3 G3 B3 D4.

958:, specialized in classical music. However, musicians who wanted to entertain their audiences, and make a living, mixed it in with the popular music that audiences wanted. Farland's pupil 873:

Opportunities to work included the minstrel companies and circuses present in the 1840s, but also floating theaters and variety theaters, forerunners of the variety show and vaudeville.

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played one of these instruments for several years. It was modified by luthier Rual Yarbrough from a Vega five-string model. A picture of Sonny with this banjo appears in Pete Wernick's

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According to Arthur Woodward in 1949, Sweeney replaced the gourd with a sound box made of wood and covered with skin, and added a short fifth string about 1831. However, modern scholar

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use the respective banjo necks on guitar bodies. They arose in the early 20th century as a way for banjo players to double on guitar without having to relearn the instrument entirely.

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Bluegrass music, which uses the five-string resonator banjo almost exclusively, is played in several common styles. These include Scruggs style, named after Earl Scruggs; melodic, or

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the Open-G tuning G4 D3 G3 B3 D4. In earlier times, the tuning G4 C3 G3 B3 D4 was commonly used instead, and this is still the preferred tuning for some types of folk music and for

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neck on a banjo body, thereby producing a louder sound than the cavaquinho. It is tuned the same as the top 4 strings of a 5-string banjo up an octave (or any cavaquinho tuning).

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minstrel shows, medicine shows, tent shows, and variety shows or vaudeville. There was a push in the 19th century to bring the instrument into "respectability." Musicians such as

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recalls learning to play the banjo as a child from an enslaved person on his family plantation. Another man who learned to play from African-Americans, probably in the 1820s, was

1340:– the string pitches do not proceed lowest to highest across the fingerboard. Instead, the fourth string is lowest, then third, second, first, and the fifth string is highest. 222:

and had African antecedents. In the 19th century, interest in the instrument was spread across the United States and United Kingdom by traveling shows of the 19th-century

2275:(1927–2016) had a long career, both with his brother as the Stanley Brothers and with his band the Clinch Mountain Boys. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of music by 2191:(1870–1952) was a banjo player and comedian from Tennessee known for his "plug hat, gold teeth, chin whiskers, gates ajar collar and that million dollar Tennessee smile". 2066:

four-string models sometimes being tuned in 4ths like a bass violin (E1-A1-D2-G2) and sometimes in 5ths, like a four-string cello banjo, one octave lower (C1-G1-D2-A2).

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bands provided a new market for a loud instrument like the tenor banjo. Use of the tenor banjo in Irish music has increased greatly since the folk revival of the 1960s.

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with animal skins stretched across them. Strings, from gut or vegetable fibers, were attached to a wooden neck. Written references to the banjo in North America and the

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has been credited by thousands of banjoists, including prominent professionals, with sparking their interest in the instrument. He is also credited with inventing the

4498: 2175:(1868–1923) was a leading five-string banjoist who started playing banjo at age 12. He was a popular recording artist, and in fact one of the first recording artists 1323:

Open-back banjos generally have a mellower tone and weigh less than resonator banjos. They usually have a different setup than a resonator banjo, often with a higher

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performer. He is known for popularizing the playing of the banjo and has often been credited with advancing the physical development of the modern five-string banjo.

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American Alfred Davis Cammeyer (1862–1949), a young violinist turned concert banjo player, devised the six-string zither banjo around 1880. British opera diva

1026:. The economic downturn cut into the sales of both four- and five-stringed banjos, and by World War 2, banjos were in sharp decline, the market for them dead. 163: 3121:

Gibson, George R. and Robert B. Winans. "Black Banjo Fiddle and Dance in Kentucky and the Amalgamation of African American and Anglo-American Folk Music." In

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used on guitars. Frets have become standard since the late 19th century, though fretless banjos are still manufactured and played by those wishing to execute

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Most modern banjos also have a metal "tone ring" assembly that helps further clarify and project the sound, but many older banjos do not include a tone ring.

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For the last one hundred years, the tenor banjo has become an intrinsic part of the world of Irish traditional music. It is a relative newcomer to the genre.

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and the Caribbean since the 17th century by enslaved people taken from West and Central Africa. Their African-style instruments were crafted from split

127: 189:. Although this is a ragtime piece, Ossman played with classic banjo style. He fingerpicked gut strings using a technique similar to classical guitarists. 2583: 510:

were used when Europeans encountered the instrument or its kin varieties in use by people of African descent, who used names for the instrument such as

1773:, and has sometimes had it overdubbed with itself or an electric guitar. The banjo is still (albeit rarely) in use in the show's arrangement currently. 1316:

with either steel or bronze-phosphor alloy. Some players may string their banjos with nylon or gut strings to achieve a more mellow, old-time tone.

787: 3511: 2679: 1841: inches. By the mid-1920s, when the instrument was used primarily for strummed chordal accompaniment, 19-fret necks with a scale length of 21 5540: 1062: 751: 571:, a type of drum made from a stick of bamboo covered on both sides with a skin that was played with fingers and knuckles while sitting astride. 1227:. Drone notes are quick little notes , usually played on the 5th (short) string to fill in around the melody notes . These techniques are both 4810: 4629:

Gibson, George R. (2018). "Black Banjo, Fiddle and Dance in Kentucky and the Amalgamation of African American and Anglo-American Folk Music."

2179:, when audio recording first became commercially available. He formed various recording groups, his most popular being the Ossman-Dudley trio. 4143: 758:. Sweeney has been credited with adding a string to the four-string African-American banjo, and popularizing the five-string banjo. Although 4050: 1398:

or after each stroke ("double thumbing"), or to pick out additional melody notes in what is known as drop-thumb. Pete Seeger popularized a

930: 5843: 4733: 6847: 6774: 2153: 2124: 1879:, which lets the banjoist duplicate fiddle and mandolin fingering. The popularization of this tuning is usually attributed to the late 1586: 6769: 6550: 4472: 2494: 2106: 1042: 412:

The earliest written indication of an instrument akin to the banjo is in the 17th century: Richard Jobson (1621) in describing

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Winans, Bob; Gibson, George (2018). "Black Banjo, Fiddle and Dance in Kentucky and the Amalgamation of Black American Folk Music".

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Webb, Robert Lloyd (1993). "Confidence and Admiration: The Enduring Ringing of the Banjo". In Heier, Uli; Lotz, Rainer E. (eds.).

7395: 5802: 477:, which was defined as the gathering of enslaved Africans who danced to the sound of a drum and an instrument called the banza. 5008: 4752:

BANJO ATTITUDES - Le banjo à cinq cordes : son histoire générale, sa documentation, Gérard De Smaele - livre, ebook, epub

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Earl Scruggs was seen both as a legend and a "contemporary musical innovator" who gave his name to his style of playing, the

3935: 6792: 6764: 6498: 5792: 3738:(motion picture, music, signs, 3-dimensional displays, posters, voiceover). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: American Banjo Museum. 118: 862:

By 1868, music for the banjo was available printed in a magazine, when J. K. Buckley wrote and arranged popular music for

7380: 5762: 3701: 3687: 3090: 2292: 4751: 3199: 7385: 6748: 4623: 1691:(that is, a single one held between thumb and forefinger), unlike the five-string banjo, which is either played with a 962:

was one of these. A former medicine show entertainer, Bacon performed classical music along with popular songs such as

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became a sort of eponym for the akonting as it crossed the Atlantic. The instrument's name might also derive from the

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typically uses the five-string, open-back banjo. It is played in a number of different styles, the most common being

2209:(1895-1957), Italian emigrant to the UK in the 1920s. Formed Troise and his Banjoliers in 1933, which recorded with 1080:, which was the only banjo method on the market for years. He was followed by a movement of folk musicians, such as 718:

The instrument became increasingly available commercially from around the second quarter of the 19th century due to

7355: 5608: 4801: 1406:. Another common style of old-time banjo playing is fingerpicking banjo or classic banjo. This style is based upon 1111:

and into the living rooms of Americans who didn't listen to country or bluegrass music, through the theme music of

1058: 4238: 1954:, who recommended that Cammeyer progress from arranging the music of others for banjo to composing his own music. 1251:. In this style the instrument is played by plucking individual notes. Modern fingerstyle is usually played using 7370: 7360: 6292: 5588: 4852: 1791: 595:, a spike folk lute which is constructed using a gourd body, a long wooden neck, and three strings played by the 369: 2614: 2046:

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in vogue in plucked-string instrument ensembles – guitar orchestras,

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To play in guitar style, players use the thumb and two or three fingers on their right hand to pick the notes.

307: 6170: 2914: 2580: 1425:. In these styles, the emphasis is on arpeggiated figures played in a continuous eighth-note rhythm, known as 1367:. Petite variations on the five-string banjo have been available since the 1890s. S.S. Stewart introduced the 6543: 5729: 5704: 5629: 5560: 5550: 4797: 3136: 554: 523: 6717: 6712: 6578: 5724: 5679: 5603: 5598: 5593: 4169: 2524: 1440: 7298: 6175: 7350: 6738: 5565: 5479: 4741: 4311: 3788: 3308: 2859: 2837: 2470: 2383: 2296: 2276: 1498: 17: 5459: 4031: 6692: 5744: 5545: 4591:

De Smaele G. (1983). "Banjo a cinq cordes". Brussels: Musée Instrumental (MIM), Brussels. D 1983-2170-1

3016: 2687: 1759: 1502: 82:

with a neck that passes diametrically through the resonator, sounded by plectrum, finger picks, or the

7324: 2886: 6987: 6916: 6833: 6707: 6697: 5822: 5739: 5489: 1258:

While five-string banjos are traditionally played with either fingerpicks or the fingers themselves,

759: 734:, many enslaved Africans played the banjo, spreading it to the rest of the population. In his memoir 481: 4769: 2250: 1374: 7365: 6806: 6536: 5838: 5777: 5494: 4807: 4105: 3774: 3654: 1803: 1049:

In the years after World War II, the banjo experienced a resurgence, played by music stars such as

763:

modern style. Sweeney participated in this transition by encouraging drum maker William Boucher of

341: 4147: 2915:"Banjo roots research: Exploring the banjo's African American origins & west African heritage" 1439:

The five-string banjo has been used in classical music since before the turn of the 20th century.

999:

variations" of the banjo, from the five-string model current since the 1830s to newer four-string

6875: 6743: 5812: 5714: 5664: 5570: 5530: 5509: 5499: 5469: 5044: 4318: 3513:

An Olive Branch in Appalachia: The Integration of the Banjo into 19th Century American Folk Music

2371: 1705: 1636: 1267: 1113: 855:(1858). These books taught the "stroke style" or "banjo style", similar to modern "frailing" or " 6165: 4678:. Scholarly cultural history of the banjo, focusing on how its image has evolved over the years. 4004: 2780: 6042: 5915: 5797: 5787: 5754: 5514: 5474: 5446: 4957: 3041: 1767:

had used it variably in the imaginative seven-piece orchestration for the long-running TV show

1643: 1488: 1070: 840: 31: 2962: 7303: 6671: 6491: 5882: 5807: 5772: 5504: 5484: 5464: 5454: 5151: 4992: 4648:. The definitive history of the banjo, focusing on the instrument's development in the 1800s. 3164:

Bluestein, Gene (October 1964). "America's Folk Instrument: Notes on the Five-String Banjo".

2989: 2336: 2147: 2025:

play the six-string guitar banjo. They have become increasingly popular since the mid-1990s.

1875:. Other players (particularly in Irish traditional music) tune the banjo G2 D3 A3 E4 like an 1810: 1418: 1344: 335: 275:

have used the five-string banjo in some of their songs. Some famous pickers of the banjo are

6150: 2409:(b. 1962) is regarded as one of the top jazz plectrum banjoists. Rock and country performer 7272: 6442: 6257: 5869: 5644: 5555: 4418:

America's Music: Bluegrass : A History of Bluegrass Music in the Words of Its Pioneers

3883: 2988:

Fischer, David Hackett; Kelly, James C.; et al. (Virginia Historical Society) (2000).

2465: 2214: 2006: 1986: 1753: 1510: 918: 418: 287: 64: 4476: 3979: 3906: 1309:, play quarter tones, or otherwise achieve the sound and feeling of early playing styles. 1034: 8: 7282: 6780: 6287: 5887: 5734: 5639: 5228: 5193: 4845: 4588:. A study of the influence of African Americans on banjo playing throughout U.S. history. 2752:. Vol. 2. Introduction, sources, bibliographies et notes. L'Harmattan. p. 260. 2460: 2405:(b. 1958) began his career on tenor banjo and still plays it at traditional jazz events. 1994: 1868: 1678: 1407: 1313: 1220: 743: 6911: 6155: 4626:. The author uncovers the banjo's key role in Black spirituality, ritual, and rebellion. 2710: 2498: 2097:

Instruments that have a five-string banjo neck on a wooden body (for example, a guitar,

1700:

mixed technique called duo style that combines single-string tremolo and rhythm chords.

565:

to funeral ceremonies. It was the custom to also combine this sound with the more noisy

7277: 7099: 6947: 6622: 6617: 6267: 6057: 6030: 5920: 5699: 5303: 5156: 5101: 3768: 3648: 3181: 2661: 2047: 1518: 1228: 959: 943: 792: 779: 623: 357: 4761: 4524: 1149: 7205: 6972: 6475: 6398: 5624: 4789: 4727: 4701: 4686: 4671: 4656: 4641: 4619: 4581: 4573: 4421: 4293: 3961: 3841: 3817: 2995: 2968: 2753: 2719: 1914: 1892: 1852: 1723: 1717: 1484: 1312:

Modern banjos are typically strung with metal strings. Usually, the fourth string is

1085: 955: 575: 219: 57: 6890: 1703:

Four-string banjos are used from time to time in musical theater. Examples include:

7319: 7256: 7084: 6885: 6856: 6605: 6583: 6469: 6282: 6160: 6037: 5958: 5694: 5684: 5382: 5236: 5023: 4708:. A short history of the banjo, with pictures from an exhibition at the MIT Museum. 3173: 2653: 2418: 2410: 2188: 1978: 1901: 1747: 1555: 1522: 1337: 1137: 1132: 1011: 739: 731: 2944: 912:

Frank B. Converse's New and Complete Method for the Banjo with or without a Master

397:

The modern banjo derives from instruments that have been recorded to be in use in

7251: 7104: 6676: 6559: 6484: 6200: 6180: 6132: 5937: 5674: 5669: 5372: 5352: 5340: 5131: 4962: 4814: 3683: 2809: 2747: 2587: 2206: 2123:. At the end of the 20th century, a development of the five-string banjo was the 2110: 1951: 1896: 1876: 1741: 1735: 1544: 542:, this is what they consist of: they cut lengthwise, through the middle, a fresh 430: 375: 240: 4597:

De Smaele G. (2019). "A Five-String Banjo Sourcebook." Paris: L'Harmattan, 2019.

4499:"Noam Pikelny Wins the Steve Martin Prize for Excellence in Banjo and Bluegrass" 2057: 934:

Banjo, from the Musical Instruments series (N82) for Duke brand cigarettes, 1888

235:

bands. By the early 21st century, the banjo was most frequently associated with

7345: 7002: 6952: 6655: 6216: 6013: 5414: 5402: 4987: 4931: 4838: 4693:. An illustrated history of the banjo featuring the world's premier collection. 2398: 2379: 2367: 2326: 2284: 2241:(1919–2014), a singer-songwriter who performed solo as well as with folk group 2232: 2185:(1869–1946), a British banjoist, who was also a musical instrument manufacturer 2182: 2076: 1974: 1880: 1711: 1603: 1593: 1549: 1534: 1526: 1514: 1421:; and three-finger style with single-string work, also called Reno style after 1383: 1324: 1295: 1263: 1248: 1169: 1108: 819: 527: 303: 299: 5075: 4365: 3709: 3098: 2115: 7339: 7215: 7079: 6645: 6447: 6430: 6415: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6117: 6094: 5992: 5980: 5970: 5953: 5580: 5424: 5283: 5218: 5203: 5183: 5094: 5028: 4982: 4967: 4926: 4900: 4885: 4785: 4341:"Tim Gracyk's Phonographs, Singers, and Old Records – Fred Van Eps, Banjoist" 3758: 3640: 3203: 2455: 2445: 2440: 2406: 2348: 2330: 2314: 2308: 2272: 2265: 2226: 2210: 2166: 2084: 2080: 2038: 2018: 2014: 1958: 1942: 1884: 1860: 1769: 1530: 1456: 1452: 1391: 1356: 1244: 1216: 1212: 1175: 1128: 1038: 938:

The banjo, although popular, carried low-class associations from its role in

887: 747: 719: 398: 315: 298:, the banjo is a mainstay of American styles of music, such as bluegrass and 291: 276: 272: 264: 256: 244: 223: 7128: 4264: 2644:

Epstein, Dena J. (September 1975). "The folk banjo: A documentary history".

2354: 1448: 1231:

to the banjo in all styles, and their sound is characteristic of bluegrass.

866:. Frank B. Converse also published his entire collection of compositions in 7236: 7094: 6813: 6437: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6101: 6089: 6082: 6072: 6025: 6020: 5987: 5863: 5858: 5848: 5719: 5431: 5268: 5168: 5013: 4921: 4529: 4192: 4076: 3570:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. pp. 148–149, 169. 3555:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. pp. 152–153, 230. 2422: 2402: 2360: 2342: 2320: 2288: 2256: 2194: 2159: 2091: 2010: 1990: 1982: 1969: 1567: 1538: 1506: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1444: 1302: 1240: 1097: 1089: 1050: 803: 437:, capital of The Gambia. Another claim is a connection to the West African 280: 268: 228: 1402:

style by combining clawhammer with up picking, usually without the use of

770: 7246: 7241: 7219: 6997: 6992: 6982: 6977: 6967: 6880: 6595: 6518: 6420: 6383: 6077: 6067: 6062: 6047: 6008: 5963: 5877: 5853: 5709: 5689: 5654: 5649: 5634: 5419: 5407: 5392: 5325: 5208: 5188: 5163: 5136: 5059: 5018: 4941: 4895: 4825: 4340: 3858: 3536:

In America it has always been seen as an instrument of the lower class...

2922: 2260: 2245:, included five-string banjo among his instruments. His 1948 method book 2242: 2238: 2220: 2200: 2172: 2002: 1998: 1906: 1480: 1414: 1368: 1364: 1336:

strings. Because of the short fifth string, the five-string banjo uses a

1280: 1266:

are played with a pick, either to strum full chords, or most commonly in

1252: 1235: 1224: 1093: 1066: 993: 891: 660: 640: 596: 547: 260: 186: 79: 4756: 905:

of playing, also mentioned the existence of another way of playing, the

870:

in 1868, which included "polkas, waltzes, marches, and clog hornpipes."

467:, which is a loan word to the Portuguese language resulting in the term 7074: 6957: 6405: 6393: 6237: 6221: 6127: 6052: 5910: 5377: 5362: 5335: 5315: 5213: 5198: 4972: 4936: 4880: 4875: 4242: 3588:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. pp. 152, 230. 3448:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. pp. 151, 170. 3185: 3067:

The Banjo, from Its Roots to the Ragtime Era: An Essay and Bibliography

2590:." BCMA, Birthplace of Country Music Alliance. Retrieved 2 August 2007. 2135: 2022: 1950:

minstrels. He was soon performing for London society, where he met Sir

1764: 1650: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1581: 1433: 1426: 1403: 1399: 1387: 1291: 1208: 1081: 1054: 856: 796: 775: 681: 608: 600: 413: 248: 236: 198: 178: 142: 6942: 6870: 2718:. UCSB Historical Discography Series. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 8. 2665: 1443:

works have been written or arranged for the instrument by Don Vappie,

1045:

Bluegrass Live! festival in Raleigh, North Carolina on October 2, 2021

352: 6937: 6895: 6702: 6373: 6122: 5975: 5925: 5817: 5436: 5397: 5320: 5308: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5278: 5273: 5263: 5178: 5141: 4450: 3928:"Ozark 2102G 5-String Open Back Banjo : Pro Music International" 3046: 2987: 2414: 2394: 2375: 2302: 2235:(1916–2002) was an American folk singer, songwriter and banjo player. 2163: 1947: 1864: 1729: 1692: 1306: 1299: 983: 939: 764: 628: 557:, a naturalist who visited Haiti in the early 1800s, described it as 498: 406: 323: 252: 83: 3367:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. pp. 85–86. 3343:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. pp. 83–84. 3177: 2119:, which combines a banjo-like resonator with a neck derived from an 1625: 1320:

substitute for electric amplification when playing in large venues.

7181: 7089: 6612: 6378: 6277: 5659: 5387: 5330: 5256: 5246: 5146: 4746: 4133:; Oak Publications; Oakland, California: 1992, p. 27. 0-825-60148-7 2657: 2435: 2098: 1856: 1688: 1476: 1468: 1432:

The first five-string, electric, solid-body banjo was developed by

1422: 1023: 755: 675: 581: 567: 543: 460: 439: 387: 6528: 736:

With Sabre and Scalpel: The Autobiography of a Soldier and Surgeon

46: 6921: 6425: 6410: 6272: 5367: 5251: 5049: 4594:

De Smaele G. (2015). "Banjo Attitudes." Paris: L'Harmattan, 2015.

3618:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 175. 3603:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 163. 3496:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 126. 3481:. Anaheim Hills, California: Centerstream Publishing. p. 15. 3463:. Anaheim Hills, California: Centerstream Publishing. p. 13. 3415:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 232. 3397:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 127. 3382:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 128. 3294:. Anaheim Hills, California: Centerstream Publishing. p. 12. 3279:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 162. 3234:. Anaheim Hills, California: Centerstream Publishing. p. 16. 2746:

Dessalles, Pierre-François-Régis (1786). Vonglis, Bernard (ed.).

2390: 2162:(1810–1860), also known as Joe Sweeney, was a musician and early 1207:

Two techniques closely associated with the five-string banjo are

669: 652: 618: 562: 489: 473: 311: 3264:. Mankato, Minnesota: Minnesota Heritage Publishing. p. 64. 3249:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. p. 145. 2884: 2745: 2413:(b. 1988) plays banjo (among other instruments) for the British 6962: 6600: 6573: 5930: 5357: 5347: 5054: 4779: 4668:

That Half-Barbaric Twang: The Banjo in American Popular Culture

2555:

Adamian, John, Jan 23, 2019. Yes! Weekly. Retrieved Apr 9, 2023

1606:

includes a banjo in his orchestral music to accompany the film

1560: 1395: 1118: 901:, considered to be the first banjo method and which taught the 687: 636: 434: 390: 295: 6825: 4609:

Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War

4570:

African Banjo Echoes in Appalachia: A Study of Folk Traditions

3479:

Ring the Banjar! The Banjo in America from Folklore to Factory

3461:

Ring the Banjar! The Banjo in America from Folklore to Factory

3292:

Ring the Banjar! The Banjo in America from Folklore to Factory

3232:

Ring the Banjar! The Banjo in America from Folklore to Factory

2912: 1813:. (Right) A 15 fret tenor banjo. (Left) A 19 fret tenor banjo. 1022:

The Great Depression is a visible line to mark the end of the

550:

composed of three or four notes, which they repeat constantly.

416:, wrote about an instrument like the banjo, which he called a 290:

and rural folk culture before entering the mainstream via the

7133: 7035: 6640: 6513: 6388: 6262: 5241: 4890: 2569:. Urbana: University of Illinois. pp. 226, 231, 242–246. 2450: 2128: 2102: 1895:

and saxophones) and be heard clearly on acoustic recordings.

1872: 1429:. All of these styles are typically played with fingerpicks. 1219:

fingering patterns that consist of eight (eighth) notes that

656: 613: 585: 519: 515: 402: 319: 4808:"The Physics of Banjos – A Conversation with David Politzer" 4726: 3433:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: S. S. Stewart. pp. 43–45. 1687:

the name suggests, it is usually played with a guitar-style

6650: 5117: 4977: 4407:, Dot Records DLP-3023 (mono) (date not known), liner notes 1851:

to 23 inches became standard. The usual tuning is the

1809:

Two Gibson tenor banjos from the early 20th century at the

1494: 1348: 774:

Sheet music cover for "Dandy Jim from Caroline", featuring

632: 591:

Another likely relative of the banjo is the aforementioned

232: 231:

entertainment, college music clubs, and early 20th century

2617:." TML, A Traditional Music Library. Retrieved 02-08-2007. 853:

Phil Rice's Method for the Banjo, With or Without a Master

7157: 4774: 4638:

America's Instrument: The Banjo in the Nineteenth Century

2213:

and performed regularly on the BBC's long-running series

2120: 802:

The instrument grew in popularity during the 1840s after

4830: 4292:; Routledge (Haworth Popular Culture series); p. 106ff. 3044:

featuring stage character, 'The Negro and his Banjer'".

2807: 1929: 5086: 3021:(1st ed.). London, UK: Hunt and Clarke. p. 17 2127:. This features a bone bridge, giving the instrument a 1343:

The short fifth string presents special problems for a

133:

Song using modern banjo-picking style with fingerpicks.

3686:. The National Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Museum. 2401:(1935–2017) and Bill Lowrey (b. 1963). Jazz guitarist 1283:

plucking, though many different playing styles exist.

994:

Ragtime era (1895–1919) and Jazz Age era (1910s–1930s)

4032:"Sweet Sounds of the Banjo: The History of the Banjo" 3755:

Earl Scruggs.... Bluegrass Pioneers... New Traditions

2908: 2906: 2904: 4616:

Well of Souls: Uncovering the Banjo's Hidden History

2581:"The Black American Music Tradition in Country Music 1436:, Harold "Shot" Jackson, and David Jackson in 1960. 574:

Various instruments in Africa, chief among them the

429:

has several etymological claims, one being from the

286:

Historically, the banjo occupied a central place in

4221:"George Formbys Little Strad banjolele up for sale" 3069:

Music Reference Services Quarterly, Vol. 6(3) 1998.

2389:Noted four-string players currently active include 4796:through conversation and music on show 350 of the 3125:, 224. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2018. 2901: 1127:The banjo has also been used more recently in the 4048: 2749:Les annales du conseil souverain de la Martinique 2739: 2604:. The University of Tennessee Press. p. 424. 1010:The instruments became ornately decorated in the 7337: 4146:. Goldtone.com. 27 November 2015. Archived from 2981: 2956: 2954: 2803: 2801: 218:Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by 2994:. University of Virginia Press. pp. 66ff. 2831: 2829: 2827: 2083:, most famously played by the English comedian 826:and had notated music. Publication date - 1855 4604:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016. 4382:Harry Reser's Manual for Tenor Banjo Technique 4290:Popular American Recording Pioneers: 1895–1925 4227:. London (subscription required). 30 May 2008. 3749: 3747: 3745: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 2991:Bound Away: Virginia and the Westward Movement 2964:Murder at Montpelier: Ibo Africans in Virginia 2113:instrument similar to the banjo is called the 443:: it is made with a long bamboo neck called a 6841: 6544: 5102: 4846: 4636:Gura, Philip F. and James F. Bollman (1999). 4473:"Awards : Grammy Awards and Nominations" 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3579: 3577: 3546: 3544: 2951: 2798: 2069: 1179:, on the banjo, without and with drone notes 847:(1855) by Tom Briggs. Other methods included 835:by Elias Howe, published under the pseudonym 767:to make banjos commercially for him to sell. 4655:. Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York. 3728: 3406: 3404: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3159: 3157: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 2887:"Flore Pittoresque Et Médicale Des Antilles" 2824: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2564: 2366:Other important four-string performers were 1247:picking was nationally aired in 1945 on the 725: 409:appear in the 17th and 18th centuries. 3742: 3661: 3424: 3422: 3061: 3059: 3057: 2967:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 180. 2553:"Greensboro rapper brings banjo to hip-hop" 876: 795:, in the 1840s, and became very popular in 538:As for the guitars, which the negroes call 6848: 6834: 6775:International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame 6551: 6537: 5109: 5095: 4853: 4839: 4640:. The University of North Carolina Press. 3838:Bluegrass Banjo for the Complete Ignoramus 3736:Entry display at the American Banjo Museum 3694: 3622: 3607: 3574: 3541: 2154:American Banjo Museum Hall of Fame members 1587:The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny 1234:Historically, the banjo was played in the 496:or from an early anglicisation of Spanish 6770:International Bluegrass Music Association 4559:Castelnero, Gordon and Russell, David L. 4332: 3904: 3832: 3830: 3592: 3559: 3505: 3503: 3485: 3437: 3401: 3386: 3371: 3347: 3327: 3303: 3301: 3253: 3163: 3154: 3128: 3072: 2913:Pestcoe, Shlomoe; Adams, Greg C. (2010). 2885:Descourtilz, Michel-Etienne (1821–1829). 2620: 2134:The Brazilian samba banjo is basically a 1993:, as well as the blues and gospel singer 1666:Learn how and when to remove this message 1290:The banjo is usually tuned with friction 502:. Contrary evidence shows that the terms 4700:. 2nd edition. Centerstream Publishing. 4602:The Banjo: America's African Instrument. 4572:, University of Tennessee Press. Paper: 4475:. Mywebpages.comcast.net. Archived from 4443: 4430: 4386:Harry Reser's Let's Play the Tenor Banjo 4070: 4068: 3950: 3808: 3806: 3613: 3598: 3583: 3565: 3550: 3491: 3443: 3419: 3410: 3392: 3377: 3362: 3338: 3274: 3259: 3134: 3054: 3050:. London, UK. 5 October 1790. p. 1. 3014: 2960: 2056: 2037: 1928: 1677: 1373: 1168: 1148: 1033: 929: 809: 769: 374: 351: 6143: 4315:Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online 4172:. Minstrelbanjo.ning.com. 21 April 2011 4029: 3708:. American Banjo Museum. Archived from 3472: 3470: 3428: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3097:. American Banjo Museum. Archived from 2643: 2529:Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online 2518: 2516: 2105:body) have also been made, such as the 1871:; this is identical to the tuning of a 1073:(African-American roots, blues, jazz). 643:, as well as a larger variation of the 530:, details its construction in the book 522:body with a wooden plank for the neck. 14: 7338: 5009:Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Members 4826:https://www.its.caltech.edu/~politzer/ 4757:19th Century Banjo Instruction Manuals 4410: 4282: 4074: 4049:Bandrowski, David (14 November 2013). 3886:. Princeton Traditional Music Festival 3827: 3500: 3298: 3244: 3192: 2615:"Old-time (oldtimey) Music What is it? 2599: 921:summarized the style in 1888, saying, 843:tunes. The first banjo method was the 738:, the Confederate veteran and surgeon 451:in the Mandinka language, again gives 6829: 6532: 5090: 4834: 4794:African-American History of the Banjo 4190: 4184: 4065: 3803: 3135:Tutwiler, Edward (18 November 2016). 2835: 1615: 518:, varieties that were built around a 514:, as it was called in places such as 302:. It is also very frequently used in 6793:International Bluegrass Music Awards 6765:International Bluegrass Music Museum 4742:The Banjo in Irish Traditional Music 4737:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. 4618:. W. W. Norton & Company, 2022. 4309: 4170:"Contra bass banjo – Minstrel Banjo" 4144:"CEB-5 | Gold Tone Music Group" 3476: 3467: 3458: 3452: 3289: 3283: 3268: 3238: 3229: 3218: 2708: 2513: 1924: 1855:C3 G3 D4 A4, in which exactly seven 1648:adding citations to reliable sources 1619: 1330: 954:Some of those entertainers, such as 447:. The material for the neck, called 294:of the 19th century. Along with the 6558: 4766:, 1947 Alan Lomax film (16 minutes) 4405:The Banjo Wizardry of Eddie Peabody 4384:(Robbins Music Corporation, 1927); 4005:"The History Of The Plectrum Banjo" 3526:from the original on 9 October 2022 2382:(d. 2006) (left-handed banjoist of 2293:Best Male Country Vocal Performance 1596:included a tenor banjo part in his 1000: 24: 4548: 4338: 3905:MacKillop, Rob (22 January 2011). 3509: 2712:Banjo on Record: A Bio-Discography 2602:African Banjo Echoes in Appalachia 2141: 611:. Similar instruments include the 152: 107: 25: 7407: 6788:Central Canadian Bluegrass Awards 6723:List of bluegrass music festivals 6464:Album covers of Blue Note Records 4802:Both audio and video are provided 4719: 3690:from the original on 20 May 2008. 2812:. Delaunay, libraire. p. 292 2808:Richard Tussac, François (1810). 2522: 2247:How to Play the Five-String Banjo 2079:(first patented in 1882) and the 1997:. Today, musicians as diverse as 1078:How to Play the Five-String Banjo 433:language which gives the name of 6512: 4670:. University of Illinois Press. 4553: 4436:Trischka, Tony, "Earl Scruggs", 4103: 3977: 2680:"How did banjos get their name?" 1802: 1797:Man playing a four-string banjo. 1790: 1624: 1259: 1041:performing on solo banjo at the 1004: 849:Howe's New American Banjo School 347: 288:Black American traditional music 197:Problems playing this file? See 168: 141:Problems playing this file? See 123: 45: 6855: 4517: 4491: 4465: 4398: 4374: 4358: 4303: 4257: 4231: 4213: 4162: 4136: 4123: 4097: 4042: 4030:Waldrep, Barry (13 July 2015). 4023: 3997: 3971: 3920: 3898: 3876: 3851: 3781: 3309:"Banjo craze dog and cat skins" 3141:Americana Rhythm Music Magazine 3115: 3033: 3008: 2937: 2878: 2852: 2836:Press, ed. (13 February 2013). 2773: 2702: 2028: 1635:needs additional citations for 1558:wrote for a banjo in his opera 1273: 964:Massa's in de cold, cold ground 370:Beaufort County, South Carolina 65:Hornbostel–Sachs classification 7396:Australian musical instruments 7222:which exist in various meters. 6749:List of bluegrass mandolinists 5844:Institutions and organizations 4788:, and George Gibson with host 4685:. Kodansha International Ltd. 4683:Banjos: The Tsumura Collection 4651:Katonah Museum of Art (2003). 4563:Rowman & Littlefield, 2017 4390:Picture-Chords for Tenor Banjo 3761:: American Banjo Museum. n.d. 3429:Stewart, Samuel Swaim (1888). 2889:. Paris Pichard. p. 85-86 2672: 2608: 2593: 2573: 2558: 2546: 2483: 2263:'s band is known by his name: 1776: 1609:The Plow That Broke the Plains 1547:includes a banjo in his opera 822:for the banjo. It taught the 631:region that includes parts of 534:, published in 1810, stating: 13: 1: 5541:Cool jazz and West Coast jazz 4798:WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour 3643:: American Banjo Museum. n.d. 3519:(Thesis). pp. 104, 105. 2961:Chambers, Douglas B. (2009). 2476: 2425:for "Best Album of the Year". 2333:nicknamed him "Banjo Barney". 2033: 1682:Plectrum banjo from Gold Tone 1270:, play single-note melodies. 1029: 380: 362: 7391:Canadian musical instruments 7376:American musical instruments 6718:Tottenham Bluegrass Festival 6713:Telluride Bluegrass Festival 3614:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3599:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3584:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3566:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3551:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3492:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3444:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3411:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3393:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3378:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3363:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3339:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3315:. 19 January 1961. p. 9 3275:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3260:Schreyer, Lowell H. (2007). 3015:Williams, Cynric R. (1827). 2491:"Bluegrass Music: The Roots" 1434:Charles Wilburn (Buck) Trent 1144: 492:pronunciation of Portuguese 247:, but was also used in some 7: 6739:List of bluegrass musicians 4747:200 banjo makers pre 2nd WW 4696:Webb, Robert Lloyd (1996). 4420:; Pine Valley Music, 1997. 4392:(Remick Music Crop, 1960); 4388:(Remick Music Crop, 1959); 3932:Promusicinternational.co.uk 3477:Webb, Robert Lloyd (1984). 3459:Webb, Robert Lloyd (1984). 3290:Webb, Robert Lloyd (1984). 3230:Webb, Robert Lloyd (1984). 2471:Stringed instrument tunings 2429: 2421:, a band that won the 2013 2384:Preservation Hall Jazz Band 2370:, who played tenor for the 2277:Lincoln Memorial University 1968:Six-string banjos known as 1933:Old six-string zither banjo 1570:includes two banjos in his 1499:the Water Tower Bucket Boys 1057:(jazz, rock, world music), 185:, in a 1906 performance by 94:18th century, United States 10: 7412: 7381:Celtic musical instruments 6693:High Sierra Music Festival 3980:"What is a Plectrum Banjo" 3200:"The English Zither-Banjo" 2297:O Brother, Where Art Thou? 2151: 2145: 2092:tenor and plectrum guitars 2070:Banjo hybrids and variants 2042:Cello banjo from Gold Tone 1061:(Celtic and Irish music), 864:Buckley's Monthly Banjoist 555:Michel Étienne Descourtilz 524:François Richard de Tussac 455:. In this interpretation, 339: 333: 329: 29: 7386:Irish musical instruments 7312: 7299:Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann 7291: 7265: 7229: 7011: 6930: 6917:Traditional Irish singing 6904: 6863: 6801: 6757: 6731: 6708:Podunk Bluegrass Festival 6698:Festival of the Bluegrass 6685: 6664: 6633: 6566: 6508: 6456: 6366: 6250: 6230: 6209: 6193: 6110: 6001: 5946: 5903: 5896: 5870:See Template: Jazz theory 5831: 5753: 5617: 5579: 5523: 5445: 5227: 5124: 5068: 5037: 5001: 4950: 4909: 4868: 4860: 4561:Earl Scruggs: Banjo Icon. 4366:Troise and his Banjoliers 4106:"What is a Zither Banjo?" 3907:"Early Fingerstyle Banjo" 3431:The Banjo! A Dissertation 2785:Oxford English Dictionary 2586:February 4, 2007, at the 2531:. Oxford University Press 1584:has a banjo in his opera 760:Robert McAlpin Williamson 726:Minstrel era, 1830s–1870s 655:by sub-Saharan Africans ( 379:The oldest extant banjo, 103: 98: 90: 63: 56: 44: 5116: 4713:Banjo Roots and Branches 4631:Banjo Roots and Branches 4614:Gaddy, Kristina (2022). 4600:Dubois, Laurent (2016). 4568:Conway, Cecelia (1995). 4440:, Oak Publications, 1977 4239:"What is a tenor guitar" 3123:Banjo Roots and Branches 2600:Conway, Cecelia (2005). 2567:Banjo Roots and Branches 1763:, and countless others. 1298:tuners, rather than the 877:Classic era, 1880s–1910s 845:Briggs' Banjo instructor 816:Briggs' Banjo Instructor 526:, a former planter from 344:to define banjo tunings. 342:Helmholtz pitch notation 340:Note: This article uses 7356:Lute family instruments 7325:RTÉ Radio 1 Folk Awards 6876:Irish traditional music 6744:List of bluegrass bands 4813:4 November 2016 at the 4770:Fingerstyle Tenor Banjo 4763:To Hear Your Banjo Play 4734:Encyclopædia Britannica 4711:Winans, Robert (2018). 4681:Tsumura, Akira (1984). 4319:Oxford University Press 4193:"The Irish Tenor Banjo" 4077:"The Irish Tenor Banjo" 4053:. Deering Banjo Company 3956:Trischka, Tony (1992). 2542:(subscription required) 2372:Paul Whiteman Orchestra 1760:Monty Python's Spamalot 1441:Contemporary and modern 1268:Irish traditional music 1215:. Rolls are right hand 1131:scene, most notably by 1114:The Beverly Hillbillies 972:Medley of Southern Airs 839:, consisting mainly of 778:(center) and the other 7371:Folk music instruments 7361:African-American music 7158:Single and double jigs 6665:Sub- and fusion genres 5069:International variants 4653:The Birth of the Banjo 4607:Epstein, Dena (1977). 4525:"Artist: Noam Pikelny" 4310:Tichenor, Trebor Jay. 3859:"History of the Banjo" 3836:Erbsen, Wayne (2004). 3757:(Sign inside museum). 3639:(Sign inside museum). 3616:The Banjo Entertainers 3601:The Banjo Entertainers 3586:The Banjo Entertainers 3568:The Banjo Entertainers 3553:The Banjo Entertainers 3494:The Banjo Entertainers 3446:The Banjo Entertainers 3413:The Banjo Entertainers 3395:The Banjo Entertainers 3380:The Banjo Entertainers 3365:The Banjo Entertainers 3341:The Banjo Entertainers 3277:The Banjo Entertainers 3262:The Banjo Entertainers 3247:The Birth of the Banjo 3040:"Entertainment at the 2945:"What is an Akonting?" 2921:(blog). Archived from 2281:Bluegrass Hall of Fame 2062: 2043: 1934: 1683: 1379: 1204: 1166: 1135:on their debut album, 1046: 935: 928: 833:The Complete Preceptor 827: 783: 752:Appomattox Court House 552: 394: 372: 157: 112: 32:Banjo (disambiguation) 7304:Oireachtas na Gaeilge 6672:Traditional bluegrass 4269:Helmutrheingans.co.uk 3812:Davis, Janet (2002). 2279:, is a member of the 2148:List of banjo players 2060: 2041: 1932: 1811:American Banjo Museum 1681: 1511:Norfolk & Western 1377: 1172: 1152: 1037: 974:, and Thomas Glynn’s 968:Medley of Scotch Airs 933: 923: 914:, published in 1865. 868:The Complete Banjoist 813: 773: 536: 484:claims that the term 378: 355: 336:American Banjo Museum 156: 111: 7273:Cape Breton fiddling 6258:Bibliography of jazz 6038:Continental European 4666:Linn, Karen (1994). 4288:Gracyk, Tom (2000). 3824:. Emphasis original. 3773:: CS1 maint: year ( 3653:: CS1 maint: year ( 3245:Carlin, Bob (2007). 3018:Hamel, the Obeah Man 2215:Music While You Work 1987:Papa Charlie Jackson 1863:) occur between the 1754:The Threepenny Opera 1644:improve this article 986:and piccolo banjos. 919:Samuel Swaim Stewart 181:'s 1904 composition 30:For other uses, see 7283:Scottish folk music 6781:Bluegrass Unlimited 6567:Typical instruments 6499:Straight, No Chaser 6288:Straight-ahead jazz 5745:Winter & Winter 5194:French horn in jazz 4784:Dr Joan Dickerson, 3172:(4): 243–244, 247. 2925:on 29 December 2012 2860:"The Haitian Banza" 2838:"The Haitian Banza" 2810:"Le Cri des Colons" 2690:on 27 December 2010 2461:Cuatro (instrument) 2048:mandolin orchestras 1995:Reverend Gary Davis 1509:, Peggy Honeywell, 1408:parlor-style guitar 1378:A five-string banjo 1243:developed into the 982:the museum include 899:Briggs Banjo Method 841:Christy's Minstrels 744:Joel Walker Sweeney 685:, and the Moroccan 51:A five-string banjo 41: 7351:String instruments 7278:English folk music 6732:Notable performers 6443:West African music 6268:British dance band 6058:European free jazz 6031:British dance band 5524:Musicians by genre 5304:Free improvisation 4910:Family instruments 4824:Banjo Physics 411 4505:. 8 September 2010 4416:Willis, Barry R.; 3938:on 3 December 2016 3884:"Banjoes Rang Out" 3863:Bluegrassbanjo.org 3137:"About That Banjo" 2866:. 13 February 2013 2523:Odell, Jay Scott. 2466:Double-neck guitjo 2374:through 1948, and 2063: 2044: 1935: 1684: 1616:Four-string banjos 1519:The Avett Brothers 1380: 1205: 1167: 1065:(jazz, big band), 1047: 960:Frederick J. Bacon 944:William A. Huntley 936: 831:notated music was 828: 793:Virginia Minstrels 784: 780:Virginia Minstrels 395: 373: 358:The Old Plantation 158: 113: 39: 27:Musical instrument 7333: 7332: 7182:Hop and slip jigs 6973:Hammered dulcimer 6823: 6822: 6686:Notable festivals 6634:Stylistic origins 6526: 6525: 6399:New Orleans blues 6246: 6245: 6189: 6188: 5763:Beaches (Toronto) 5174:Swing performance 5084: 5083: 4993:Traditional Irish 4790:Michael Johnathon 4479:on 18 August 2007 4370:Masters of Melody 4312:"Ossman, Vess L." 4051:"The Tenor Banjo" 4011:. 15 January 2024 3791:. 7 February 2020 3789:"The Irish Banjo" 3001:978-0-8139-1774-0 2974:978-1-60473-246-7 2840:. Duke University 2759:978-2-7384-2366-5 2501:on 22 August 2006 2131:-like resonance. 2109:. A 20th-century 1925:Six-string banjos 1915:Flanagan Brothers 1893:brass instruments 1853:all-fifths tuning 1676: 1675: 1668: 1493:), Daniel Mason, 1485:Hans Werner Henze 1463:, Clifton Hicks, 1459:, George Gibson, 1331:Five-string banjo 1086:The Kingston Trio 956:Alfred A. Farland 580:, feature a skin 532:Le Cri des Colons 273:the Grateful Dead 220:African Americans 208: 207: 173: 128: 58:String instrument 16:(Redirected from 7403: 7320:Gradam Ceoil TG4 7257:Pentatonic scale 7201: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7121: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7028: 6912:Sean-nós singing 6886:Music of Ireland 6850: 6843: 6836: 6827: 6826: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6517: 6516: 6283:Continental jazz 6176:Washington, D.C. 6141: 6140: 6043:Czech and Slovak 5901: 5900: 5685:India Navigation 5383:Progressive jazz 5237:Avant-garde jazz 5111: 5104: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5024:Rhiannon Giddens 4958:African-American 4855: 4848: 4841: 4832: 4831: 4775:Banjo Newsletter 4738: 4730: 4698:Ring the Banjar! 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4447: 4441: 4434: 4428: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4378: 4372: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4307: 4301: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4241:. Archived from 4235: 4229: 4228: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4150:on 17 April 2015 4140: 4134: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4110:Creek Don't Rise 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4009:Bailey And Banjo 4001: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3978:Witt, Lawrence. 3975: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3934:. Archived from 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3855: 3849: 3834: 3825: 3810: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3772: 3764: 3751: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3719: 3717: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3680: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3644: 3633: 3620: 3619: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3581: 3572: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3548: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3525: 3518: 3507: 3498: 3497: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3417: 3416: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3360: 3345: 3344: 3336: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3305: 3296: 3295: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3227: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3202:. Archived from 3196: 3190: 3189: 3166:Western Folklore 3161: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3132: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3106: 3087: 3070: 3065:Metro Voloshin, 3063: 3052: 3051: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2958: 2949: 2948: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2910: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2833: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2805: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2717: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2686:. Archived from 2676: 2670: 2669: 2641: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2597: 2591: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2520: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2497:. Archived from 2487: 2419:Mumford and Sons 2411:Winston Marshall 2189:Uncle Dave Macon 2090:Conversely, the 1979:Django Reinhardt 1902:Rhapsody in Blue 1883:, banjoist with 1850: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1806: 1794: 1671: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1628: 1620: 1572:Kleine Symphonie 1556:Frederick Delius 1523:The Well Pennies 1513:, Putnam Smith, 1487:(notably in his 1338:reentrant tuning 1202: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1133:Show Me the Body 740:John Allan Wyeth 732:antebellum South 647:, known as the 385: 384: 1770–1777 382: 367: 366: 1785–1795 364: 308:Caribbean genres 306:, as well as in 175: 174: 155: 130: 129: 110: 49: 42: 38: 21: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7366:Bluegrass music 7336: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7308: 7287: 7261: 7252:Mixolydian mode 7225: 7212:Non-dance tunes 7197: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7188: 7173: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7149: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7066: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7051: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7027: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7007: 6926: 6900: 6859: 6854: 6824: 6819: 6797: 6753: 6727: 6681: 6677:Czech bluegrass 6660: 6629: 6562: 6560:Bluegrass music 6557: 6527: 6522: 6519:Jazz portal 6511: 6504: 6485:The Jazz Singer 6452: 6431:Novelty ragtime 6362: 6242: 6226: 6205: 6185: 6139: 6106: 5997: 5942: 5897:Regional scenes 5892: 5827: 5749: 5675:Groove Merchant 5665:Flying Dutchman 5613: 5575: 5519: 5441: 5373:Orchestral jazz 5353:Mainstream jazz 5341:Afro-Cuban jazz 5223: 5132:Outline of jazz 5120: 5115: 5085: 5080: 5064: 5033: 4997: 4946: 4905: 4864: 4859: 4815:Wayback Machine 4725: 4722: 4556: 4551: 4549:Further reading 4546: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4503:SteveMartin.com 4497: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4438:Banjo Song Book 4435: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4379: 4375: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4337: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4308: 4304: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4245:on 30 June 2020 4237: 4236: 4232: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4200:Blarneystar.com 4195: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4131:Bluegrass Banjo 4129:Wernick, Pete; 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4084:Blarneystar.com 4079: 4073: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4047: 4043: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3988: 3986: 3976: 3972: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3835: 3828: 3811: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3766: 3765: 3753: 3752: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3715: 3713: 3706:banjomuseum.org 3702:"Banjo History" 3700: 3699: 3695: 3684:"Banjo History" 3682: 3681: 3662: 3646: 3645: 3637:The Classic Era 3635: 3634: 3623: 3612: 3608: 3597: 3593: 3582: 3575: 3564: 3560: 3549: 3542: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3501: 3490: 3486: 3475: 3468: 3457: 3453: 3442: 3438: 3427: 3420: 3409: 3402: 3391: 3387: 3376: 3372: 3361: 3348: 3337: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3288: 3284: 3273: 3269: 3258: 3254: 3243: 3239: 3228: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3178:10.2307/1520666 3162: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3116: 3104: 3102: 3095:banjomuseum.org 3091:"Banjo History" 3089: 3088: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2959: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2911: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2834: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2646:Ethnomusicology 2642: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2598: 2594: 2588:Wayback Machine 2579:Winship, David. 2578: 2574: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2532: 2521: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2432: 2251:long-neck banjo 2207:Pasquale Troise 2156: 2150: 2144: 2142:Noted banjoists 2072: 2036: 2031: 1963:Bluegrass Banjo 1952:Arthur Sullivan 1927: 1897:George Gershwin 1877:octave mandolin 1867:of consecutive 1847: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1736:Half a Sixpence 1672: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1641: 1629: 1618: 1576:Little Symphony 1545:George Gershwin 1515:Iron & Wine 1333: 1276: 1264:plectrum banjos 1245:"Scruggs" style 1217:accompanimental 1196: 1193: 1192: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1032: 996: 976:West Lawn Polka 879: 750:performer from 728: 673:, the Japanese 651:, developed in 383: 365: 350: 345: 338: 332: 204: 203: 195: 193: 192: 191: 190: 183:The Buffalo Rag 176: 169: 166: 164:The Buffalo Rag 159: 153: 148: 147: 139: 137: 136: 135: 134: 131: 124: 121: 114: 108: 77: 72:(resonator) or 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7409: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7306: 7301: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7193: 7185: 7184: 7179: 7169: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7145: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7116: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7062: 7047: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7023: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7003:Uilleann pipes 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6893: 6891:Sean-nós dance 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6853: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6810: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6687: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6656:Old-time music 6653: 6648: 6643: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6556: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6533: 6524: 6523: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6495: 6492:Round Midnight 6488: 6481: 6473: 6466: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6222:Latin American 6219: 6213: 6211: 6210:South American 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6151:Baltimore jazz 6147: 6145: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6128:Latin American 6125: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6111:North American 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6023: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5918: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5898: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5759: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5585: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5480:Percussionists 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5403:Spiritual jazz 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5239: 5233: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5125:General topics 5122: 5121: 5114: 5113: 5106: 5099: 5091: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4932:Mandolin-banjo 4929: 4924: 4919: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4858: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4822: 4819:Ideas Roadshow 4805: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4721: 4720:External links 4718: 4717: 4716: 4709: 4694: 4679: 4664: 4649: 4634: 4627: 4624:978-0393866803 4612: 4605: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4565: 4564: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4516: 4490: 4464: 4442: 4429: 4409: 4397: 4373: 4357: 4331: 4302: 4281: 4256: 4230: 4212: 4183: 4161: 4135: 4122: 4096: 4064: 4041: 4022: 3996: 3984:Deering Banjos 3970: 3958:Banjo Songbook 3949: 3919: 3897: 3875: 3850: 3826: 3802: 3780: 3741: 3727: 3712:on 15 May 2009 3693: 3660: 3621: 3606: 3591: 3573: 3558: 3540: 3510:Peters, Sean. 3499: 3484: 3466: 3451: 3436: 3418: 3400: 3385: 3370: 3346: 3326: 3313:Newspapers.com 3297: 3282: 3267: 3252: 3237: 3217: 3206:on 3 July 2008 3191: 3153: 3127: 3114: 3101:on 15 May 2009 3071: 3053: 3032: 3007: 3000: 2980: 2973: 2950: 2947:. 16 May 2023. 2936: 2900: 2877: 2851: 2823: 2797: 2772: 2758: 2738: 2724: 2701: 2684:The Banjo Guru 2671: 2658:10.2307/850790 2652:(3): 347–371. 2619: 2607: 2592: 2572: 2557: 2545: 2512: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2399:Charlie Tagawa 2387: 2380:Narvin Kimball 2368:Mike Pingitore 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2327:Barney McKenna 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2285:Grand Ole Opry 2270: 2254: 2236: 2233:Ola Belle Reed 2230: 2224: 2218: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2183:Clifford Essex 2180: 2170: 2146:Main article: 2143: 2140: 2077:banjo mandolin 2071: 2068: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 1975:Johnny St. Cyr 1926: 1923: 1881:Barney McKenna 1808: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1674: 1673: 1632: 1630: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1604:Virgil Thomson 1598:Piano Concerto 1594:Viktor Ullmann 1550:Porgy and Bess 1535:Sufjan Stevens 1527:Punch Brothers 1490:Sixth Symphony 1447:, Buck Trent, 1384:old-time music 1332: 1329: 1296:planetary gear 1275: 1272: 1249:Grand Ole Opry 1146: 1143: 1109:Grand Ole Opry 1059:Gerry O'Connor 1031: 1028: 995: 992: 878: 875: 818:was the first 788:Gene Bluestein 727: 724: 722:performances. 679:, the Persian 528:Saint-Domingue 349: 346: 331: 328: 304:Dixieland jazz 300:old-time music 292:minstrel shows 206: 205: 194: 177: 167: 162: 161: 160: 151: 150: 149: 138: 132: 122: 117: 116: 115: 106: 105: 104: 101: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 67: 61: 60: 54: 53: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7408: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7290: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7196: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7148: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7119: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7065: 7050: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7026: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 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6472: 6471: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6448:Western swing 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6171:New York City 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6096: 6095:Flamenco jazz 6093: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5921:South African 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618:Discographies 5616: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5505:Vibraphonists 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5425:Swing revival 5423: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5284:Flamenco jazz 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5219:Women in jazz 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5204:Jazz trombone 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5184:Jazz drumming 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5152:Improvisation 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038:Manufacturers 5036: 5030: 5029:Emily Strayer 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4927:Banjo ukulele 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4901:Scruggs style 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4786:Sparky Rucker 4783: 4781: 4780:Banjo Hangout 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4728:"Banjo" 4724: 4723: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4706:1-57424-016-1 4703: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691:0-87011-605-3 4688: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4676:0-252-06433-X 4673: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4661:0-915171-64-3 4658: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4646:0-8078-2484-4 4643: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4586:0-87049-892-4 4583: 4579: 4578:0-87049-893-2 4575: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4554:Banjo history 4532: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4452: 4446: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4426:0-965240-70-3 4423: 4419: 4413: 4406: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4346: 4342: 4339:Gracyk, Tim. 4335: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4298:0-789012-20-0 4295: 4291: 4285: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4171: 4165: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4132: 4126: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4069: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3966:0-8256-0197-5 3963: 3959: 3953: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3908: 3901: 3885: 3879: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3847: 3846:1-883206-44-8 3843: 3839: 3833: 3831: 3823: 3822:0-7866-6525-4 3819: 3815: 3814:Back-Up Banjo 3809: 3807: 3790: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3760: 3759:Oklahoma City 3756: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3737: 3731: 3724: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3656: 3650: 3642: 3641:Oklahoma City 3638: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3562: 3554: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3522: 3515: 3514: 3506: 3504: 3495: 3488: 3480: 3473: 3471: 3462: 3455: 3447: 3440: 3432: 3425: 3423: 3414: 3407: 3405: 3396: 3389: 3381: 3374: 3366: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3302: 3293: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3263: 3256: 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1953: 1949: 1944: 1943:Adelina Patti 1939: 1931: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1886: 1885:The Dubliners 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1861:perfect fifth 1858: 1854: 1812: 1805: 1793: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1770:Sesame Street 1766: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1707: 1706:Hello, Dolly! 1701: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1670: 1667: 1659: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1633:This section 1631: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1531:Julian Koster 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457:Ralph Stanley 1454: 1453:Tony Trischka 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1358: 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Pickens 1489: 1473:Modest Mouse 1465:George Crumb 1461:Steve Martin 1445:Jerry Garcia 1438: 1431: 1417:, named for 1412: 1381: 1361: 1353: 1342: 1334: 1322: 1318: 1311: 1303:machine head 1289: 1285: 1277: 1274:Modern forms 1260:tenor banjos 1257: 1241:Earl Scruggs 1233: 1206: 1185:Play without 1174: 1136: 1126: 1123: 1112: 1104: 1102: 1090:Erik Darling 1077: 1075: 1069:(folk), and 1051:Earl Scruggs 1048: 1021: 1017: 1009: 1005:tenor banjos 997: 988: 980: 975: 971: 967: 963: 953: 949: 937: 924: 916: 911: 906: 903:stroke style 902: 898: 896: 882: 880: 872: 867: 863: 861: 852: 851:(1857), and 848: 844: 836: 832: 829: 824:stroke style 823: 815: 801: 785: 735: 729: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 693: 686: 680: 674: 668: 665: 648: 644: 622: 612: 604: 592: 590: 576: 573: 566: 558: 553: 539: 537: 531: 511: 507: 503: 497: 493: 485: 479: 472: 468: 464: 456: 452: 448: 444: 438: 426: 424: 417: 411: 396: 356: 285: 281:Earl Scruggs 269:Led Zeppelin 229:parlor music 217: 211: 209: 196: 182: 140: 99:Sound sample 84:bare fingers 36: 7247:Ionian mode 7242:Dorian mode 7105:Schottische 6998:Tin whistle 6993:Tenor banjo 6931:Instruments 6881:Irish dance 6857:Irish music 6596:Double bass 6421:Quiet storm 6384:Contradanza 6166:New Orleans 6161:Kansas City 5964:Jazz mugham 5959:Azerbaijani 5883:Second line 5878:Rare groove 5864:Jazz theory 5854:Jazz poetry 5839:Contrafacts 5823:Saint Lucia 5803:New Orleans 5735:Strata-East 5710:MPS Records 5640:Cobblestone 5561:Smooth jazz 5551:Jazz fusion 5495:Trombonists 5408:Sacred jazz 5393:Smooth jazz 5326:Jazz fusion 5209:Jazz violin 5189:Jazz guitar 5164:Jam session 5137:Jazz (word) 5060:Slingerland 5019:Pete Seeger 4942:Banjeaurine 4896:Keith style 4536:30 December 4509:30 December 4324:23 February 4249:1 September 4191:Don Meade. 3716:10 February 3105:10 February 2919:Myspace.com 2893:13 February 2870:14 February 2844:13 February 2816:13 February 2765:13 February 2731:13 February 2535:23 February 2339:(1939–2015) 2323:(1938-2024) 2317:(1937-2021) 2311:(1937–2001) 2305:(1933–2018) 2287:. He won a 2261:Bill Monroe 2243:the Weavers 2239:Pete Seeger 2221:Harry Reser 2201:Frank Lawes 2173:Vess Ossman 2003:Rod Stewart 1999:Keith Urban 1907:Ferde Grofe 1777:Tenor banjo 1503:Todd Taylor 1481:Paul Elwood 1415:Keith style 1404:fingerpicks 1394:after most 1369:banjeaurine 1365:Pete Seeger 1292:tuning pegs 1281:arpeggiated 1253:fingerpicks 1236:claw-hammer 1071:Otis Taylor 1067:Pete Seeger 892:Keith style 837:Gumbo Chaff 797:music halls 641:Ivory Coast 605:ubaw-akwala 386:, from the 187:Vess Ossman 80:chordophone 78:(Composite 18:Tenor banjo 7340:Categories 7100:Strathspey 7075:Barn dance 7012:Tune types 6958:Concertina 6406:Brass band 6394:Jump blues 6238:Ethno jazz 6201:Australian 6181:West Coast 5938:Zimbabwean 5778:Copenhagen 5700:Mainstream 5510:Violinists 5500:Trumpeters 5470:Guitarists 5378:Organ trio 5363:Modal jazz 5336:Latin jazz 5316:Gypsy jazz 5214:Vocal jazz 5199:Jazz piano 4937:Bass banjo 4881:Clawhammer 4453:. Rhapsody 4350:26 January 4345:Gracyk.com 4274:26 January 4265:"Bansitar" 4205:26 January 4176:31 January 4154:31 January 4115:27 January 4015:15 January 3989:15 October 3942:2 December 3912:29 October 3890:2 December 3868:2 December 3795:7 February 3210:24 January 3146:9 February 3025:7 February 2790:12 October 2694:31 January 2477:References 2355:Béla Fleck 2337:Bill Keith 2152:See also: 2136:cavaquinho 2061:Bass banjo 2034:Low banjos 2023:Doc Watson 1977:, jazzmen 1865:open notes 1765:Joe Raposo 1600:(op. 25). 1582:Kurt Weill 1449:Béla Fleck 1419:Bill Keith 1388:clawhammer 1197:with drone 1173:Melody to 1082:Dave Guard 1055:Bela Fleck 1030:Modern era 984:banjorines 859:" styles. 857:clawhammer 776:Dan Emmett 603:, and the 601:Senegambia 597:Jola tribe 414:The Gambia 388:Surinamese 334:See also: 324:troubadour 265:the Eagles 199:media help 179:Tom Turpin 143:media help 7266:Relations 6938:Accordion 6905:Folk song 6896:Set dance 6703:Merlefest 6623:technique 6618:resonator 6606:technique 6584:resonator 6374:Acid jazz 6231:Worldwide 6217:Brazilian 6014:Bulgarian 5976:Indo jazz 5926:Cape jazz 5813:North Sea 5768:Cape Town 5755:Festivals 5730:Riverside 5705:Milestone 5630:Blue Note 5625:Bethlehem 5609:post-1950 5581:Standards 5566:Soul jazz 5515:Vocalists 5475:Organists 5447:Musicians 5437:Trad jazz 5398:Soul jazz 5321:Jazz-funk 5309:Punk jazz 5299:Free funk 5294:Free jazz 5289:Folk jazz 5279:Dixieland 5274:Cool jazz 5264:Cape jazz 5179:Jazz bass 5142:Jazz band 4963:Bluegrass 4869:Technique 4580:; cloth: 4225:The Times 4036:Banjo.com 3769:cite sign 3649:cite sign 3047:The Times 2864:Banjology 2505:25 August 2415:folk rock 2397:stylists 2395:dixieland 2376:Roy Smeck 2351:(b. 1949) 2345:(b. 1946) 2303:Roy Clark 2164:blackface 2007:Taj Mahal 1948:blackface 1857:semitones 1730:Oklahoma! 1693:thumbpick 1382:American 1307:glissando 1300:worm gear 1229:idiomatic 1221:subdivide 1145:Technique 940:blackface 881:The term 782:, c. 1844 765:Baltimore 629:Wassoulou 508:bandurria 499:bandurria 490:dialectal 425:The term 407:Caribbean 255:and even 241:bluegrass 91:Developed 7090:Hornpipe 7085:Highland 6988:Melodeon 6953:Bouzouki 6807:Category 6784:magazine 6613:Mandolin 6579:acoustic 6379:Afrobeat 6293:Pre-1920 6278:Jazz Age 6194:Oceanian 6144:American 6118:Canadian 6002:European 5993:Japanese 5954:Armenian 5916:Malawian 5911:Ethiopia 5798:Montreux 5793:Montreal 5788:Monterey 5725:Prestige 5695:Landmark 5680:Impulse! 5660:ESP-Disk 5589:Pre-1920 5546:Hard bop 5485:Pianists 5465:Drummers 5455:Bassists 5388:Ska jazz 5331:Jazz rap 5257:Post-bop 5247:Hard bop 5147:Big band 4988:Old-time 4983:Minstrel 4811:Archived 4483:8 August 4457:8 August 3960:, p.20. 3840:, p.13. 3816:, p.54. 3688:Archived 3530:28 March 3521:Archived 3319:19 April 2929:19 April 2584:Archived 2436:Akonting 2430:See also 2283:and the 2167:minstrel 2125:BanSitar 2099:bouzouki 1656:May 2014 1612:(1936). 1477:Jo Kondo 1469:Tim Lake 1423:Don Reno 1138:Body War 1098:Tarriers 1024:Jazz Age 1001:plectrum 756:Virginia 748:minstrel 676:shamisen 621:and the 593:akonting 582:drumhead 568:bamboula 563:calendas 544:calabash 461:Kimbundu 449:ban julo 440:akonting 431:Mandinka 393:culture. 7216:Marches 7129:Mazurka 6943:Bodhrán 6922:Lilting 6871:Cèilidh 6864:General 6426:Ragtime 6411:Exotica 6367:Related 6273:Ragtime 6251:History 6156:Chicago 6123:Haitian 6102:Swedish 6090:Spanish 6073:Italian 6026:British 6021:Belgian 5988:Iranian 5904:African 5832:Culture 5808:Newport 5783:Jakarta 5773:Chicago 5670:Freedom 5368:Nu jazz 5252:Neo-bop 5050:Gretsch 4968:Country 4089:27 June 4057:27 June 3186:1520666 2781:"Banjo" 2525:"Banjo" 2391:ragtime 2111:Turkish 2107:banjola 1869:strings 1846:⁄ 1836:⁄ 1826:⁄ 1724:Cabaret 1718:Chicago 1225:measure 1094:Weavers 1092:of the 990:sides. 804:Sweeney 730:In the 670:sanxian 661:Haratin 653:Morocco 627:of the 619:Senegal 607:of the 504:bandore 494:bandore 474:kalenda 419:bandore 330:History 316:calypso 312:biguine 263:bands, 257:hip-hop 119:Corncob 74:321.314 70:321.312 7230:Scales 7202:dances 7178:dances 7154:dances 7125:dances 7071:dances 7032:dances 6983:Lambeg 6963:Fiddle 6814:Portal 6601:Fiddle 6574:Guitar 6078:Polish 6068:German 6063:French 6048:Danish 6009:Balkan 5971:Indian 5931:Marabi 5888:Venues 5415:Stride 5358:Marabi 5348:M-Base 5229:Genres 5076:Cümbüş 5055:Ibanez 5045:Gibson 5002:People 4951:Genres 4821:, 2016 4704: 4689: 4674: 4659: 4644: 4622: 4584: 4576: 4424: 4380:e.g., 4368:', at 4296: 3964: 3844: 3820: 3184: 3042:Lyceum 2998: 2971: 2756: 2722: 2666:850790 2664: 2417:group 2386:fame). 2116:cümbüş 1748:Barnum 1561:Koanga 1537:, and 1396:strums 1213:drones 1119:sitcom 820:method 713:banjar 709:banjer 705:bonjaw 697:bangie 688:sintir 649:gimbri 639:, and 637:Guinea 559:banzas 540:banzas 465:mbanza 457:banjul 453:banjul 445:bangoe 435:Banjul 403:gourds 391:Creole 296:fiddle 271:, and 7346:Banjo 7206:Slide 7134:Waltz 7080:Fling 7036:Polka 6968:Flute 6948:Bones 6758:Other 6641:Blues 6591:Banjo 6457:Media 6416:Plugg 6389:Blues 6343:2010s 6338:2000s 6333:1990s 6328:1980s 6323:1970s 6318:1960s 6313:1950s 6308:1940s 6303:1930s 6298:1920s 6263:Blues 6133:Cuban 6053:Dutch 5981:Sitar 5947:Asian 5740:Verve 5604:1940s 5599:1930s 5594:1920s 5571:Swing 5531:Bebop 5420:Swing 5242:Bebop 4917:Banjo 4891:G run 4886:Drone 4862:Banjo 4394:et al 4196:(PDF) 4080:(PDF) 3723:dead. 3524:(PDF) 3517:(PDF) 3182:JSTOR 2716:(PDF) 2662:JSTOR 2451:Benju 2211:Decca 2129:sitar 2103:dobro 2101:, or 1919:ceili 1905:, in 1873:viola 1831:to 21 1742:Annie 1427:rolls 1392:drone 1314:wound 1223:each 1209:rolls 1012:1920s 701:banza 657:Gnawa 645:ngoni 624:ngoni 614:xalam 586:gourd 520:gourd 516:Haiti 512:banza 486:banjo 469:banza 463:word 427:banjo 320:mento 310:like 212:banjo 40:Banjo 7220:airs 7218:and 7095:Reel 7056:and 6978:Harp 6651:Jazz 6477:Jazz 6470:Bird 6358:2022 6353:2021 6348:2020 6083:Yass 5818:Pori 5720:Muse 5556:Scat 5157:Jazz 5118:Jazz 4978:Jazz 4973:Folk 4876:Roll 4702:ISBN 4687:ISBN 4672:ISBN 4657:ISBN 4642:ISBN 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