Knowledge

Tell Leilan

Source 📝

50: 43: 27: 466:. In the city a royal palace was built and a temple acropolis to which a straight paved street led from the city gate. There was also a planned residential area and the entire city was enclosed by a wall. The city size was about 90 hectares (220 acres). Shubat-Enlil may have had a population of 20,000 people at its peak. After the death of Shamshi-Adad, the city became the capital of 690:, M. Staubwasser and H. Weiss, Holocene Climate and Cultural Evolution in Late Prehistoric-Early Historic West Asia," in M. Staubwasser and H. Weiss, eds., Holocene Climate and Cultural Evolution in Late Prehistoric-Early Historic West Asia. Quaternary Research (special issue) Volume 66, Issue 3 (November 2006), pp. 372-387. 719:
L. Ristvet, "Resettling Apum: Tribalism and Tribal States in the Tell Leilan Region, Syria.", In N. Laneri, P. Philzner and S. Valentini (eds.), Looking North: the Socioeconomic Dynamics of Northern Mesopotamian and Anatolian Regions during the Late Third and Early Second Millennium BC. Wiesbaden:
849:
Weiss, Harvey, Sturt Manning, Lauren Ristvet, Lucia Mori, Mark Besonen, Andrew McCarthy, Philippe Quenet, Alexia Smith, Zainab Bahrani, "Tell Leilan Akkadian Imperialization, Collapse, and Short-Lived Reoccupation Defined by High-Resolution Radiocarbon Dating", in H. Weiss, ed., Seven Generations
903:
Weiss, Harvey, Francesca deLillis, Dominique deMoulins, Jesper Eidem, Thomas Guilderson, Ulla Kasten, Torben Larsen, Lucia Mori, Lauren Ristvet, Elena Rova, and Wilma Wetterstrom, 2002, Revising the contours of history at Tell Leilan. Annales Archeologiques Arabes Syriennes, vol. 45,
579:
Eidem, J., "Old Assyrian Trade in Northern Syria. The Evidence from Tell Leilan. In J. G. Dercksen (ed.), Anatolia and the Jazira during the Old Assyrian Period", pp. 31-41, Publications de l’Institut historique et archéologique néerlandais de Stamboul 111. Leiden.,
457:
revived the abandoned site of Tell Leilan. Shamshi-Adad saw the great potential in the rich agricultural production of the region and made it the capital city of his empire. He renamed it from Shehna to Shubat-Enlil, or Šubat-Enlil, meaning "the residence of the god
606:
Risvet, L., "The Third Millennium City Wall at Tell Leilan, Syria: Identity, Authority and Urbanism", in J. Bretschneider, J. Driessen and K. Vanlerberghe, eds., Monumental Public Architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean. Leuven: Peters, pp. 183-212,
509:
maintained by the rulers of the city. These tablets date to the eighteenth century BC and record the dealings with other Mesopotamian states and how the city administration worked. Finds from the excavations at Tell Leilan are on display in the
641:
van Gijn, Annelou, The Ninevite 5 Chipped Stone Assemblage from Tell Leilan: Preliminary Results", In The origins of North Mesopotamian civilization: Ninevite 5 chronology, economy, society. Brussels: Brepols. E. Rova and H. Weiss, editors.,
653:
Wetterstrom, Wilma, "Ninevite 5 Period Agriculture at Tell Leilan: Preliminary Results", In The origins of North Mesopotamian civilization: Ninevite 5 chronology, economy, society. Brussels: Brepols. E. Rova and H. Weiss, editors.,
629:
Parayre, Dominique, "The Ninevite 5 Sequence of Glyptic at Tell Leilan", In The origins of North Mesopotamian civilization: Ninevite 5 chronology, economy, society. Brussels: Brepols. E. Rova and H. Weiss, editors.,
701:
Ristvet, L. and H. Weiss 2005 "The Hābūr Region in the Late Third and Early Second Millennium B.C.," in Winfried Orthmann, ed., The History and Archaeology of Syria. Vol. 1. Saabrucken: Saarbrucken Verlag.
729:
Eidem, Jesper. 2008. The Royal Archives from Tell Leilan: Old Babylonian Letters and Treaties from The Lower Town Palace. Yale Tell Leilan Research, Vol. 2. London and New Haven: Yale University Press.
847: 618:
Weiss, Harvey, "Ninevite 5 Periods and Processes.", In The origins of North Mesopotamian civilization: Ninevite 5 chronology, economy, society. Brussels: Brepols. E. Rova and H. Weiss, editors. 2003
258:
at Tell Leilan containing no evidence of human habitation offered clues as to the cause of the demise of the Akkadian imperial city; analysis indicated that at around 2200 BC, a three-century
773:
Weiss, Harvey, "Tell Leilan 1989: New Data for Mid-Third Millennium Urbanization and State Formation.", Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin, vol. 122, pp. 193-218, 1990
559:
Ristvet, Lauren, Thomas Guilderson and Harvey Weiss, "The Dynamics of State Development and Imperialization at Third Millennium Tell Leilan, Syria", In Orient Express, vol. 21, no. 2, 2004
793: 949: 944: 738:
Pulhan, Gül. 2000. On the Eve of the Dark Age: Qarni-Lim’s Palace at Tell Leilan. Ph.D. Dissertation, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University, New Haven, CT
193:. The site has been occupied since the 5th millennium BC. During the late third millennium, the site was known as Shekhna. During that time it was under control of the 423: 984: 749:
Harvey Weiss, Excavations at Tell Leilan and the Origins of North Mesopotamian cities in the Third Millennium B.C., Paléorient, vol 9, iss. 2, pp. 39-52, 1983
687: 782: 919:
Harvey Weiss, "Rediscovering: Tell Leilan on the Habur Plains of Syria", The Biblical Archaeologist, ASOR, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 5–34 (Mar 1985)
570:
F. de Lillis Forest, L. Milano and L. Mori, "The Akkadian Occupation in the Northwest Area of the Tell Leilan Acropolis", KASKAL, vol. 4, 2007
666:, Harvey Weiss et al., The genesis and collapse of Third Millennium north Mesopotamian Civilization, Science, vol. 291, pp. 995-1088, 1993 964: 678:, H. M. Cullen, Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea, Geology, vol. 28, pp. 379-382, 2000 959: 604: 954: 557: 651: 85: 795:
Van De Mieroop, Marc, "The Leilan Tablets 1991 a Preliminary Report", Orientalia, NOVA SERIES, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 305-344, 1994
917: 663: 639: 999: 675: 627: 568: 478:
sacked it in 1726 BC. During this period various minor kings ruled there, including Turum-natki, Zuzu, and Haja-Abum.
901: 771: 616: 784:
Claudine Adrienne Vincente, "The 1987 Tell Leilan Tablets Dated by the Limmu of Habil-kinu: Volume 1 and 2", AMI, 1992
989: 912: 892: 873: 710:
Harvey Weiss, Tell Leilan and Shubat Enlil, Mari, Annales de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, vol. 4, pp. 269-92, 1985
969: 820:
Rivers and steppes. Cultural heritage and environment of the Syrian Jezireh. Catalogue to the Museum of Deir ez-Zor
523: 42: 533: 994: 844:
Vincente, C.-A., "Tell Leilan Recension of the Sumerian King List.", NABU 1990, no. 11, pp. 8–9, 1990
197:
and was used as an administrative center. Around 1800 BC, the site was renamed "Šubat-Enlil" by the king
806:
The Royal Archives from Tell Leilan. Old Babylonian Letters and Treaties from the Lower Town Palace East
528: 974: 885:
The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000-300 BC)
979: 699: 502:. The dig ended in 2008. Among many important discoveries at Tell Leilan is an archive of 1100 315: 186: 69: 747: 590: 907:
Weiss, Harvey, ed., 2012, Seven Generations Since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz
494:
Beginning in 1979 the mound of Tell Leilan was excavated by a team of archaeologists from
232:
The city originated around 5000 BC as a small farming village and grew to be a large city
8: 178: 511: 182: 908: 888: 869: 823: 463: 201:, and it became his residential capital. Shubat-Enlil was abandoned around 1700 BC. 503: 251: 495: 240: 194: 149: 224:
Leilan, Brak and Urkesh were particularly prominent during the Akkadian period.
450: 342: 217:
is about 50 km away to the southwest, and also in the Khabur River basin.
198: 938: 827: 100: 87: 499: 479: 298: 850:
since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz., pp. 163–192, 2012
538: 506: 471: 808:(PIHANS 117). The Netherlands Institute for the Near East, Leiden, 2011. 209:
The site is located close to some other flourishing cities of the time.
356: 218: 804:
Jesper Eidem, with a contribution by Lauren Ristvet and Harvey Weiss:
592:
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: C. 8000-332 BCE.
454: 214: 308: 255: 210: 483: 475: 259: 153: 26: 758:
Harvey Weiss et al., 1985 Excavations at Tell Leilan, Syria,
459: 441: 190: 73: 467: 416: 929: 950:
Populated places disestablished in the 2nd millennium BC
818:
Bonatz, Dominik; Kühne, Hartmut; Mahmoud, As'ad (1998).
262:
was severe enough to affect agriculture and settlement.
883:
Akkermans, Peter M. M. G.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (2004).
945:
Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC
817: 449:The conquest of the region by the Amorite warlord 882: 254:period were found at the site. A 3-foot layer of 936: 854:The Climate of Man — II: The curse of Akkad 985:Archaeological sites in al-Hasakah Governorate 863: 213:is about 50 km away to the southeast. 221:(Urkesh) is about 50 km to the west. 25: 589:Margreet L. Steiner, Ann E. Killebrew, 937: 811: 181:situated near the Wadi Jarrah in the 762:, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 529-581, 1990 720:Harrassowitz Verlag, pp.37-50, 2012 486:, maintained a large palace there. 239:BC, three hundred years before the 49: 13: 838: 14: 1011: 965:18th-century BC disestablishments 923: 822:. Damascus: Ministry of Culture. 960:Former populated places in Syria 421: 48: 41: 955:1979 archaeological discoveries 798: 787: 776: 765: 760:American Journal of Archaeology 752: 741: 732: 723: 713: 704: 693: 681: 669: 657: 524:Cities of the ancient Near East 265: 250:BC. A number of finds from the 243:. The city had a large wall by 887:. Cambridge University Press. 645: 633: 621: 610: 598: 583: 573: 562: 551: 534:List of Mesopotamian dynasties 489: 1: 864:van de Mieroop, Marc (1999). 244: 233: 1000:2nd millennium BC in Assyria 277:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia 274:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia 204: 16:Archaeological site in Syria 7: 868:. Oxford University Press. 517: 10: 1018: 227: 529:Short chronology timeline 470:and prospered until king 437: 396: 392: 379: 366: 362: 352: 348: 328: 324: 314: 304: 294: 282: 272: 164: 159: 145: 137: 129: 124: 116: 79: 65: 36: 24: 990:Neolithic sites in Syria 544: 970:Ancient Assyrian cities 453:(1813–1781 BC) of 381:• Disestablished 187:Al-Hasakah Governorate 70:Al-Hasakah Governorate 866:The Mesopotamian City 856:. Elizabeth Kolbert. 595:OUP Oxford, 2014 p398 101:36.95722°N 41.50528°E 995:Tells (archaeology) 930:Tell Leilan project 368:• Established 179:archaeological site 97: /  31:View of Tell Leilan 21: 512:Deir ez-Zor Museum 106:36.95722; 41.50528 57:Shown within Syria 19: 482:, king of nearby 464:Akkadian language 447: 446: 433: 432: 429: 428: 172: 171: 1007: 898: 879: 832: 831: 815: 809: 802: 796: 791: 785: 780: 774: 769: 763: 756: 750: 745: 739: 736: 730: 727: 721: 717: 711: 708: 702: 697: 691: 685: 679: 673: 667: 661: 655: 649: 643: 637: 631: 625: 619: 614: 608: 602: 596: 587: 581: 577: 571: 566: 560: 555: 425: 424: 413: 412: 398: 397: 334:1809 BCE – 1776 270: 269: 249: 246: 238: 235: 112: 111: 109: 108: 107: 102: 98: 95: 94: 93: 90: 52: 51: 45: 29: 22: 18: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1005: 1004: 975:Akkadian cities 935: 934: 926: 895: 876: 841: 839:Further reading 836: 835: 816: 812: 803: 799: 792: 788: 781: 777: 770: 766: 757: 753: 746: 742: 737: 733: 728: 724: 718: 714: 709: 705: 698: 694: 688:Leilan.yale.edu 686: 682: 676:Leilan.yale.edu 674: 670: 664:Leilan.yale.edu 662: 658: 650: 646: 638: 634: 626: 622: 615: 611: 603: 599: 588: 584: 578: 574: 567: 563: 556: 552: 547: 520: 496:Yale University 492: 422: 382: 369: 339: 278: 275: 268: 247: 241:Akkadian Empire 236: 230: 207: 195:Akkadian Empire 189:, northeastern 105: 103: 99: 96: 91: 88: 86: 84: 83: 61: 60: 59: 58: 55: 54: 53: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1015: 1014: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 980:Hurrian cities 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 933: 932: 925: 924:External links 922: 921: 920: 915: 905: 904:pp. 59–74 899: 893: 880: 874: 861: 860:. May 2, 2005. 858:The New Yorker 851: 845: 840: 837: 834: 833: 810: 797: 786: 775: 764: 751: 740: 731: 722: 712: 703: 692: 680: 668: 656: 644: 632: 620: 609: 597: 582: 572: 561: 549: 548: 546: 543: 542: 541: 536: 531: 526: 519: 516: 491: 488: 451:Shamshi-Adad I 445: 444: 439: 435: 434: 431: 430: 427: 426: 419: 410: 407: 406: 401: 394: 393: 390: 389: 383: 380: 377: 376: 370: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 354: 353:Historical era 350: 349: 346: 345: 343:Shamshi-Adad I 340: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 318: 312: 311: 306: 302: 301: 296: 292: 291: 280: 279: 276: 273: 267: 264: 229: 226: 206: 203: 199:Shamshi-Adad I 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 157: 156: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 81: 77: 76: 67: 63: 62: 56: 47: 46: 40: 39: 38: 37: 34: 33: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1013: 1012: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 942: 940: 931: 928: 927: 918: 916: 914: 913:9783447068239 910: 906: 902: 900: 896: 894:0-521-79666-0 890: 886: 881: 877: 875:0-19-815286-8 871: 867: 862: 859: 855: 852: 848: 846: 843: 842: 829: 825: 821: 814: 807: 801: 794: 790: 783: 779: 772: 768: 761: 755: 748: 744: 735: 726: 716: 707: 700: 696: 689: 684: 677: 672: 665: 660: 652: 648: 640: 636: 628: 624: 617: 613: 605: 601: 594: 593: 586: 576: 569: 565: 558: 554: 550: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 515: 513: 508: 505: 501: 497: 487: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 452: 443: 440: 438:Today part of 436: 420: 418: 415: 414: 411: 409: 408: 405: 402: 400: 399: 395: 391: 387: 384: 378: 374: 371: 365: 361: 358: 355: 351: 347: 344: 341: 337: 333: 327: 323: 319: 317: 313: 310: 307: 303: 300: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 271: 263: 261: 257: 253: 242: 225: 222: 220: 216: 212: 202: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 167: 163: 158: 155: 151: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 123: 119: 115: 110: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: 64: 44: 35: 28: 23: 884: 865: 857: 853: 819: 813: 805: 800: 789: 778: 767: 759: 754: 743: 734: 725: 715: 706: 695: 683: 671: 659: 647: 635: 623: 612: 600: 591: 585: 575: 564: 553: 507:clay tablets 500:Harvey Weiss 493: 448: 404:Succeeded by 403: 385: 372: 335: 331: 299:Shubat-Enlil 287: 283: 266:Shubat-Enlil 231: 223: 208: 183:Khabur River 174: 173: 539:Tell Khoshi 490:Archaeology 472:Samsu-iluna 248: 2600 237: 2600 175:Tell Leilan 104: / 80:Coordinates 20:Tell Leilan 939:Categories 357:Bronze Age 305:Government 252:Ninevite 5 219:Tell Mozan 160:Site notes 120:Settlement 92:41°30′19″E 89:36°57′26″N 828:638775287 504:cuneiform 498:, led by 480:Qarni-Lim 462:" in the 455:Ekallatum 286:1809 BCE– 215:Tell Brak 205:Geography 185:basin in 165:Condition 138:Abandoned 518:See also 388:1776 BCE 375:1809 BCE 309:Monarchy 290:1776 BCE 256:sediment 211:Hamoukar 168:In ruins 154:Assyrian 150:Akkadian 146:Cultures 141:1726 BCE 133:5000 BCE 66:Location 484:Andarig 476:Babylon 330:•  295:Capital 260:drought 228:History 130:Founded 125:History 911:  891:  872:  826:  320:  177:is an 545:Notes 460:Enlil 442:Syria 386:circa 373:circa 336:circa 332:circa 288:circa 284:circa 191:Syria 74:Syria 909:ISBN 889:ISBN 870:ISBN 824:OCLC 654:2003 642:2003 630:2003 607:2007 580:2008 468:Apum 417:Apum 338:BCE 316:King 117:Type 474:of 941:: 514:. 245:c. 234:c. 152:, 72:, 897:. 878:. 830:.

Index


Tell Leilan is located in Syria
Al-Hasakah Governorate
Syria
36°57′26″N 41°30′19″E / 36.95722°N 41.50528°E / 36.95722; 41.50528
Akkadian
Assyrian
archaeological site
Khabur River
Al-Hasakah Governorate
Syria
Akkadian Empire
Shamshi-Adad I
Hamoukar
Tell Brak
Tell Mozan
Akkadian Empire
Ninevite 5
sediment
drought
Shubat-Enlil
Monarchy
King
Shamshi-Adad I
Bronze Age
Apum
Syria
Shamshi-Adad I
Ekallatum
Enlil

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.