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222:, the former director of the San Bartolomeo held the primary responsibility for designing the elaborate furnishings of the Teatro di San Carlo. The horseshoe-shaped auditorium is the oldest in the world. It was built at a cost of 75,000 ducats. The hall was 28.6 meters long and 22.5 meters wide, with 184 boxes, including those of proscenium, arranged in six orders, plus a royal box capable of accommodating ten people, for a total of 1,379 seats. Including standing room, the theatre could hold over 3,000 people. The fastidious composer and violinist
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By the start of the twenty-first century, the opera house was showing its age with outmoded stage machinery, inadequate visitor facilities, and lack of air conditioning. In response, the
Campania regional government funded a €67 million renovation over six months in 2008 and six months in 2009 which
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The opera season runs from late
November to July, with the ballet season taking place from December to early June. The house once had a seating capacity of 3,285, but has now been reduced to 1,386 seats. Given its size, structure and antiquity, it was the model for theatres that were later built in
275:, Barbaia was able to rebuild the opera house within ten months. It was rebuilt as a traditional horseshoe-shaped auditorium with 1,444 seats, and a proscenium, 33.5m wide and 30m high. The stage was 34.5m deep. Niccolini embellished in the inner of the bas-relief depicting "Time and the Hour".
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Much admired for its architecture, its gold decorations, and the sumptuous blue upholstery (blue and gold being the official colours of the
Bourbons), the San Carlo was now the biggest opera house in the world. In relation to the power of the existing Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Beauvert
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The unification of Italy in 1861 led to Naples losing its status as the musical center of Italy and the home of the country's leading opera house to La Scala as power and wealth moved northwards. By 1874 the fall in income from performances led to the closing of the opera house for a year. Its
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During World War II the opera house was damaged by bombs. Following the liberation of Naples in
October 1943, Peter Francis of the Royal Artillery organized repairs to the damaged foyer and, three weeks later, reopened the building with a musical revue. With the building in a fit state for
796:, but the censor made such significant changes that it was never performed in that version nor under that title (until a re-created version was given in 2004). It was later performed in Rome with significant revisions to the plot and its location, while the title became
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in 1872, the installation of electricity in 1890, the subsequent abolition of the central chandelier, and the construction of the new foyer and a new wing for dressing rooms, the theatre underwent no substantial changes until repair of the bombing damage in 1943.
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there is no better place for ballet and pantomime. Military movements of infantry and cavalry, battles, and storms at sea can be represented here without falling into the ludicrous. But for opera, itself, the house is too large. Although the singers, Signora
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was appointed manager of the royal opera houses in Naples and remained in charge until 1841. He soon established a reputation for innovative and dazzling productions, which attracted both the public and leading singers to the opera house.
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attended the second night of the inauguration and wrote: "There is nothing in all Europe, I won't say comparable to this theatre, but which gives the slightest idea of what it is like..., it dazzles the eyes, it enraptures the soul...".
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In 1844 the opera house was re-decorated under
Niccolini, his son Fausto, and Francesco Maria dei Giudice. The main result was the change in appearance of the interior to the now-traditional red and gold.
539:. Naples became the capital of European music and even foreign composers considered the performance of their compositions at the San Carlo theatre as the goal of their career. These composers included
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notes that the design of the house, with its 184 boxes lacking any curtains was so that "no one could avoid the scrutiny by the sovereign" who had his private access from the Royal Palace.
218:, a military architect, chief engineer of the kingdom and the "Major Regius Praefectus Mathematicis Regni Neapolitani" (Major Royal Governor of Mathematics of the Kingdom of Naples).
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235:, , and the Signori Nozzari, Benedetti, etc., have very strong voices, only their highest and most stentorian tones could be heard. Any kind of tender utterance was lost.
816:, with whom he was touring the world. He conducted several operas (1844–1845) in the San Carlo with Anna Bishop as prima donna. She sang there 327 times in 24 operas.
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In the late nineteenth century, the house created its own in-house orchestra under
Giuseppe Martucci, which helped attract a number of respected conductors including
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performances, more musicians and singers made themselves available and the first opera performance was held on 26 December 1943, a matinee presentation of
Puccini's
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Similarly the most prominent singers performed and consolidated their fame at the San Carlo. These included
Lucrezia Anguiari, called "La Cocchetta", the renowned
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722:. As artistic director of the royal opera houses, Donizetti remained in Naples from 1822 until 1838, composing sixteen operas for the theatre, among which
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was house composer and artistic director of the royal opera houses, including the San Carlo. During this period he wrote ten operas which were
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fortunes were able to recover due to the continued support in the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century by
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On 13 February 1816 a fire broke out during a dress-rehearsal for a ballet performance and quickly spread to destroy a part of building.
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Among the conductors and composers appointed by the Teatro San Carlo was the famous and eccentric French harpist and composer
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which had been set to music that year by
Antonio Caldara. As was customary, the role of Achilles was played by a woman,
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reviewed the size and acoustic properties of this opera house very thoroughly on 15 February 1817 and concluded that:
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Progetto di ristrutturazione del Teatro San Carlo e rifacimento impianti di sicurezza antincendio e rilevazione fumi
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in
Italian), who wanted to endow Naples with a new and larger theatre to replace the old, dilapidated, and too-small
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had moved there in 1682 and had begun to create an important opera centre which existed well into the 18th century.
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included restoration of the décor and the creation of a new rehearsal hall. As noted in
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on the Teatro di San Carlo's official website. (In English). Retrieved 23 December 2013
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The Musical Journeys of Louis Spohr, Journey to Switzerland and Italy 1815–17
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Bel Canto Bully: The Life of the Legendary Opera Impresario Domenico Barbaja
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One performer who did not appear in Naples from 1901 onward was Naples-born
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was performed there and in 1845 he wrote his first opera for the theatre,
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of opera enjoyed great success all over Europe, not only in the field of
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magazine, the opera house reopened on 27 January 2010 with Mozart's
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was called to Naples by the impresario Tufarelli to direct his 1752
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Late 19th century, post World War II, and 21st century renovations
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Thus the San Carlo was inaugurated on 4 November 1737, the king's
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The Real Teatro di San Carlo was commissioned by the Bourbon King
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February 1816 to January 1817: Destruction by fire and rebuilding
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before an audience that included senior military figures of the
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On 12 January 1817, the rebuilt theatre was inaugurated with
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Apollo presenting to Minerva the greatest poets of the world
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Apart from the creation of the orchestra pit, suggested by
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of 1621, which had served the city well, especially after
1115:"Naples opera house reopens after spectacular renovation"
856:, whose influence expanded the opera house's repertoire.
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on bochsa.site.voila.fr. Retrieved 23 December 2013
696:, Domenico Donzelli and the two great French rivals
491:. The Neapolitan school of opera composers included
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165:, called "Moretta"; the opera also featured soprano
772:was also associated with the theatre. In 1841, his
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Teatro San Carlo, Naples after the 13 Feb 1816 fire
1198:Spohr, Louis, (trans./ed. Henry Pleasants, 1961),
1246:Opera: the Guide to Western Europe's Great Houses
752:, Sicilian by birth, also staged his first work,
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1274:Teatro di San Carlo at Google Cultural Institute
1248:, Santa Fe, New Mexico: John Muir Publications.
809:, who was accompanied by his lover, the English
1133:"Nicolas Bochsa: Harpiste, compositeur, escroc
790:, followed in 1849. His third should have been
718:and then another rising star of Italian opera,
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714:To replace Rossini, Barbaja first signed up
210:1737: Construction of the Teatro di San Carlo
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415:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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435:Learn how and when to remove this message
286:The central frescoed ceiling painting of
1202:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
1188:, Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
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820:Decline and revival by late 19th century
765:Exterior view of the theatre around 1850
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672:Regular singers of the period included
78:monarchy but today known simply as the
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1266:Teatro di San Carlo's official website
1168:Great, Grand & Famous Opera Houses
292:Antonio, Giuseppe e Giovanni Cammarano
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1155:, The Vendome Press, New York, 1995.
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1009:"Teatro di San Carlo: View of facade"
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1043:http://www.vvfnapoli.it/sancarlo.php
413:adding citations to reliable sources
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214:The new opera house was designed by
149:, with the performance of the opera
42:Top floor of the Teatro di San Carlo
1697:Neoclassical architecture in Naples
351:, and troops of the Allied Forces.
349:Mediterranean Theater of Operations
66:Royal coat of arms above proscenium
34:Exterior of the Teatro di San Carlo
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1717:19th-century architecture in Italy
1712:18th-century architecture in Italy
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1186:Italian Opera Houses and Festivals
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833:operas, such as Pietro Mascagni,
377:The great age of Neapolitan opera
50:Interior view on to the royal box
612:Otello, ossia il Moro di Venezia
600:Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra
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358:The renovated auditorium in 2009
157:, based on the 1736 libretto by
1221:Great Opera Houses of the World
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852:, Pietro Mascagni and composer
845:, who staged their works here.
196:in 1761-62 brought two operas,
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543:(who later settled in Naples)
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1692:Tourist attractions in Naples
996:"The Theatre and its history"
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775:Oberto Conte di San Bonifacio
1677:1737 establishments in Italy
1219:Allison, John (ed.) (2003),
27:Opera house in Naples, Italy
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1234:. London: Haus Publishing,
1230:Eisenbeiss, Philip (2013),
1184:Lynn, Karyl Charna (2005),
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1687:Theatres completed in 1817
1682:Theatres completed in 1737
1395:Centro Sociale Leoncavallo
1244:Zeitz, Karyl Lynn (1991),
1151:Beauvert, Thierry (1985),
459:Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli
184:In the late 18th century,
177:, with scenes designed by
122:History of the opera house
98:, Italy, connected to the
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1457:Torino Palasport Olimpico
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1374:Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
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1153:Opera Houses of the World
1123:(London), 28 January 2010
934:Principal guest conductor
869:, vowed never to return.
707:After the composition of
186:Christoph Willibald Gluck
1606:Teatro Flavio Vespasiano
1013:University of Notre Dame
694:Giovanni Battista Rubini
583:conservatories of Naples
282:Teatro San Carlo in 1830
216:Giovanni Antonio Medrano
72:Real Teatro di San Carlo
1633:Teatro Mario Del Monaco
1543:Teatro Alessandro Bonci
1415:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
829:and other composers of
577:(Gioacchino Conti) and
475:Gaetano Donizetti, 1842
467:Gioachino Rossini, 1815
343:sang the title role in
58:View from the royal box
1707:Opera houses in Naples
1702:18th century in Naples
1166:Gubler, Franz (2012).
807:Nicolas-Charles Bochsa
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740:(1838) and the famous
589:Composers in residence
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1297:40.83750°N 14.24944°E
1170:. Crows Nest: Arbon.
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304:Il sogno di Partenope
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136:Teatro San Bartolomeo
128:Charles VII of Naples
104:Piazza del Plebiscito
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1722:Charles III of Spain
1570:Teatro della Fortuna
1074:Beauvert 1985, p. 44
879:Principal conductors
799:Un ballo in maschera
758:, at the San Carlo.
569:(Gaetano Majorano),
487:but also in that of
409:improve this section
192:at the theatre, and
102:and adjacent to the
1561:Teatro Carlo Felice
1431:Teatro di San Carlo
1293: /
743:Lucia di Lammermoor
630:Ricciardo e Zoraide
593:From 1815 to 1822,
371:La Clemenza di Tito
175:Gaetano Grossatesta
1369:Parco della Musica
1302:40.83750; 14.24944
1104:Gubler 2012, p. 56
1092:Gubler 2012, p. 55
1083:Gubler 2012, p. 54
1032:Gubler 2012, p. 52
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755:Bianca e Fernando
720:Gaetano Donizetti
676:and his daughter
654:La donna del lago
642:Bianca e Falliero
595:Gioachino Rossini
573:(Carlo Broschi),
563:Giovanni Manzuoli
481:Neapolitan School
451:Domenico Cimarosa
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273:Antonio Niccolini
269:King Ferdinand IV
267:On the orders of
16:(Redirected from
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1410:Teatro Dal Verme
1405:Mediolanum Forum
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190:Clemenza di Tito
171:Angelo Amorevoli
155:Achille in Sciro
90:, is a historic
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1597:Teatro Regio
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1548:Gabicce Mare
1547:
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1528:Other cities
1519:Unipol Arena
1447:Teatro Regio
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1269:(in English)
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1146:Bibliography
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1016:. Retrieved
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927:Dan Ettinger
909:Jeffrey Tate
903:Gary Bertini
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787:Luisa Miller
785:
784:; a second,
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663:(1820), and
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407:Please help
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110:or Venice's
100:Royal Palace
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1300: /
1136:(in French)
953:Zubin Mehta
942:(2010–2011)
923:(2016–2022)
917:(2012–2014)
911:(2005–2010)
905:(2004–2005)
899:(1999–2004)
893:(1993–1995)
887:(1979–1982)
835:Leoncavallo
814:Anna Bishop
811:prima donna
793:Gustavo III
660:Maometto II
606:La gazzetta
489:opera seria
485:opera buffa
224:Louis Spohr
92:opera house
1666:Categories
1288:14°14′58″E
1285:40°50′15″N
1254:0945465815
1194:0810853590
1161:0865659788
973:References
873:Conductors
567:Caffarelli
533:Zingarelli
366:Gramophone
159:Metastasio
1642:La Fenice
1539:Carisport
1509:PalaDozza
1504:Covo Club
1379:Villa Ada
1018:11 August
978:Citations
575:Gizziello
571:Farinelli
537:Gazzaniga
529:Paisiello
396:does not
345:Rigoletto
336:La bohème
140:Scarlatti
132:Carlo VII
112:La Fenice
88:San Carlo
1615:Cocoricò
1611:Riccione
1400:La Scala
961:See also
839:Giordano
734:(1837),
728:(1834),
669:(1822).
657:(1819),
633:(1818),
621:(1817),
615:(1816),
603:(1815),
560:castrati
525:Cimarosa
521:Jommelli
505:Piccinni
309:Stendhal
243:In 1809
147:name day
118:Europe.
108:La Scala
1629:Treviso
1584:Mezzago
1497:Bologna
1471:Palermo
831:verismo
737:Poliuto
709:Zelmira
666:Zelmira
636:Ermione
517:Durante
513:Anfossi
501:Traetta
497:Porpora
417:removed
402:sources
76:Bourbon
1647:Verona
1638:Venice
1620:Rimini
1575:Mantua
1535:Cesena
1424:Naples
1252:
1238:
1206:
1192:
1174:
1159:
841:, and
781:Alzira
618:Armida
535:, and
96:Naples
80:Teatro
1602:Rieti
1593:Parma
1588:Bloom
1557:Genoa
1440:Turin
1388:Milan
1225:Opera
843:Cilea
553:Gluck
545:Haydn
541:Hasse
509:Vinci
326:Verdi
1566:Fano
1347:Rome
1250:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1157:ISBN
1020:2023
700:and
551:and
400:any
398:cite
202:and
70:The
493:Feo
411:by
301:'s
153:'s
94:in
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1537::
1117:,
1097:^
1067:^
1011:.
986:^
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86:)
84:di
1334:e
1327:t
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432:(
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423:(
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130:(
82:(
20:)
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