33:
388:. Hidden below deck Te Rauparaha and his men captured the Ngāi Tahu chieftain Tamaiharanui, his wife and daughter when they boarded the brig at Stewart's invitation. Several hundred of the Ngāi Tahu were killed both on the Elizabeth and during a surprise landing the next morning. During the voyage back to Kapiti the chief strangled his own daughter Nga Roimata, to save her from expected abuse. Te Rauparaha was incensed and following their arrival at Kapiti the parents and other prisoners were killed, Tamaiharanui after prolonged torture.
346:, with the object of taking Kapiti Island. Crossing in a flotilla of war canoes under cover of darkness, they were met as they disembarked by a force of Ngāti Toa fighters led or reinforced by Te Rauparaha. The ensuing Battle of Waiorua, at the northern end of the island, ended with the rout and slaughter of the landing attackers who were disadvantaged by difficult terrain and weather plus divided leadership. This decisive victory left Te Rauparaha and the Ngāti Toa able to dominate Kapiti and the adjacent mainland.
392:
1365:
494:
435:(another Ngāti Toa chief) there was some fighting with loss of life. Twenty two of the arresting party were killed, in part because of the death of Te Rongo, Te Rangihaeata's wife. The subsequent government enquiry exonerated Te Rauparaha which angered settlers who began a campaign to have the governor,
505:
between settlers and Te
Rauparaha's nephew, Te Rangihaeata. Despite his declared neutrality, Te Rauparaha was arrested after the British captured secret letters from Te Rauparaha which showed he was playing a double game. He was charged with supplying weapons to Māori who were in open insurrection.
541:
to stop a planned uprising. Tāmihana sold the Wairau land to the government for 3,000 pounds. Grey spoke to Te
Rauparaha and persuaded him to give up all outstanding claims to land in the Wairau valley. Then, realising that Te Rauparaha was old and sick, Grey allowed him to return to his people at
426:
A whaling captain John
William Dundas Blenkinsop created a fraudulent deed of purchase for the Wairau Valley that was signed in October 1832 by proxy for Te Rauparaha by his brother Mahuranghi. Te Rauaparaha understood the document to be for water and timber from the Wairau for Blenkinsop, for a
368:
stations became established in the region with Te
Rauparaha's encouragement and the participation of many Māori. Some Māori women married Pākehā whalers and a lucrative two-way trade of supplies for muskets was established, thereby increasing Te Rauparaha's
588:
Te
Rauparaha's son Tāmihana was strongly influenced by missionary teaching, especially Octavius Hadfield. He left for England in December 1850 and was presented to Queen Victoria in 1852. After his return he was one of the Māori to create the idea of a
231:
Te
Rauparaha's legacy lies in his transformation of Ngāti Toa from a small regional tribe to one of the richest and most powerful in Aotearoa, permanently changing Māori tribal structures. He was also an accomplished composer of
162:, Te Rauparaha fought a war of conquest that greatly expanded Ngāti Toa southwards, receiving the epithet "the Napoleon of the South". He remains one of the most prominent and celebrated New Zealand historical figures.
481:, believing that the treaty would guarantee him and his allies the possession of territories gained by conquest over the previous 18 years. On 19 June of that year, he signed another copy of the treaty, when Major
554:, which was completed in 1851. It later became the oldest Māori church in the country. It was known for its unique mix of Māori and English church design. Te Rauparaha did not live to see the church completed.
739:
Steven Oliver. 'Te
Rauparaha', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1990. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1t74/te-rauparaha (accessed 9 April
455:
arrived at Kapiti. They were seeking to buy vast areas of land with a view to forming a permanent
European settlement. Te Rauparaha sold them some land in the area that became known later as
358:. Between 1827 and 1831 he was able to extend the control of Ngati Toa and their allies over the northern part of the Southern Island. His base for these sea-based raids remained Kapiti.
354:
Following the Battle of
Waiorua, Te Rauparaha began a series of almost annual campaigns into the South Island with the object in part of seizing the sources of the valuable mineral
1192:
593:. However he broke away from the king movement and later became a harsh critic when the movement became involved with the Taranaki-based anti-government fighter
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and military strength. By the early 1830s Te
Rauparaha had defeated a branch of the Rangitane iwi in the Wairau Valley and gained control over that area.
926:
1407:
482:
1199:
994:
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He pukapuka tātaku i ngā mahi a Te Rauparaha nui : A record of the life of the great Te Rauparaha / translated and edited by Ross Calman
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1432:
1427:
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and the growing strength of the southern hapu who worked closely with the growing European whaling community in coastal Otago and at Bluff.
291:. Led by Te Rauparaha they began a fighting retreat or migration southwards (this migration was called Te-Heke-Tahu-Tahu-ahi), conquering
1203:
1018:
1277:
844:
626:
750:
Jackson, SJ; Hokowhitu, B (2002). "Sport, Tribes, and Technology: The New Zealand All Blacks Haka and the Politics of Identity".
652:
307:, which became the tribal stronghold for a period. The conquests eventually extended Ngāti Toa authority from Miria-te-kakara at
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958:
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In Ōtaki after his release from captivity, Te Rauparaha provided the materials and labour at his pā for the construction of
419:) raids rather than for control of territory. Further conquests to the south were brought to a halt by a severe outbreak of
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Tāmihana wrote biography of Te Rauparaha between 1866 and 1869 that was held in the Sir George Grey Special Collections at
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1171:
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878:
533:, was studying Christianity in Auckland and Te Rauparaha gave him a solemn message that their iwi should not take
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one-off payment of an 18-pound cannon. After this deed was purchased by the New Zealand Company it led to the
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932:
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978:
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In 1824 an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 warriors, making up a coalition of tribes from the East Coast,
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288:
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Another biography of Te Rauparaha was one published in the early 20th century. It was written by
474:
travelled with Henry Williams, and Hadfield established an Anglican mission on the Kapiti Coast.
1103:
Remarkable Introduction and Rapid Extension of the Gospel in the Neighbourhood of Cook's Straits
174:
590:
241:
1397:
1228:
68:
1022:
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The last years of Te Rauparaha's life saw the most dramatic changes. On 16 October 1839 the
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as they went south. This campaign ended with Ngāti Toa controlling the southern part of the
221:
83:
64:
1412:
1402:
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1106:
853:
502:
209:
177:. Te Rauparaha's conquests eventually extended Ngāti Toa authority from Miria-te-kakara at
8:
655:
ranked Te Rauparaha 16th out of the 100 most influential figures in New Zealand history.
456:
448:
324:
308:
252:
ranked Te Rauparaha 16th out of the 100 most influential figures in New Zealand history.
194:
178:
170:
931:. Wellington: Government Printer, New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. Archived from
928:
The Ancient History of the Maori, His Mythology and Traditions: Tai-Nui [Vol VI]
551:
217:
79:
775:
641:
601:
573:
as a celebration of life over death after his lucky escape from pursuing enemies. This
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201:
1312:
970:
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893:
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380:, captained by John Stewart, to transport himself and approximately 100 warriors to
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759:
213:
1283:
New-Zealand Chiefs in Committee Drawing Up a Reply to the Society's Jubilee Letter
684:
261:
578:
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harbour, but these and other battles in the south were in the nature of revenge (
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283:
In 1822 Ngāti Toa and related tribes were being forced out of their land around
137:
436:
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272:
166:
48:
1391:
771:
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570:
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87:
1339:
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Te Rauparaha Memorial in Ōtaki, commissioned by Te Rauparaha's son Tāmihana
391:
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977:. The deaths of Tamaiharanui, his kindred and Nga Roimata are narrated in
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and many other New Zealand sports teams before international matches.
331:
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in the 1760s, he participated in land sale and negotiations with the
140:
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in 1843. When a party from Nelson tried to arrest Te Rauparaha and
343:
518:, and held without trial under martial law before being exiled to
645:
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365:
355:
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after years of fighting with various Waikato tribes often led by
237:
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52:
292:
1364:
493:
412:
408:
212:, considered by many to be the first of the conflicts in the
400:
574:
233:
1335:
The stirring times of Te Rauparaha (Chief of the Ngatitoa)
577:
or challenge, has become the most common performed by the
260:
Te Rauparaha's mother was Parekōwhatu (Parekōhatu) of the
296:
264:
240:", being arguably the most famous haka of all due to its
155:
1071:"The Blenkinsop Indenture: Dirty deeds done dirt cheap!"
271:. He is thought to have been born in the late 1760s in
1164:"Ngāti Toarangatira – Chant composed by Te Rauparaha"
888:
886:
617:
Te Rauparaha nui / A record of the life of the great
16:
Māori chief and war leader of Ngāti Toa (1760s–1849)
158:. One of the most powerful military leaders of the
1276:
1096:
883:
843:
407:after a three-month siege, and shortly after took
1139:. National Library of New Zealand. Archived from
537:against the government. Tāmihana returned to his
477:On 14 May 1840 Te Rauparaha signed a copy of the
1389:
749:
1200:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
1193:"Haka Ka Mate Attribution Act 2014 Guidelines"
1129:
845:"The Church Missionary Gleaner, December 1851"
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
636:A memorial to Te Rauparaha is established in
349:
216:. Before he died he directed the building of
1306:
338:, southern Taranaki and Te Wai Pounamu (the
1278:"The Church Missionary Gleaner, April 1851"
1098:"The Church Missionary Gleaner, March 1842"
665:
384:with the aim of attacking the local tribe,
1185:
743:
687:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
303:and particularly the strategically placed
31:
1269:
1408:Military leaders of the New Zealand Wars
1311:. Auckland University Press. p. 5.
1233:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1168:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
492:
390:
204:, Te Rauparaha was later central to the
1331:
1042:"Dirty deeds done dirt cheap! part two"
729:
727:
707:"Te Rauparaha – New Zealand in History"
562:Te Rauparaha died on 27 November 1849.
470:send a missionary and in November 1839
1390:
1256:"The Story of the New Zealand Mission"
1161:
1155:
1126:Musket Wars. R.Crosby, p.40 Reed. 1999
836:
569:" while hiding on Motuopihi Island in
506:He was captured near a tribal village
501:In May 1846 fighting broke out in the
442:
1423:Signatories of the Treaty of Waitangi
1253:
1065:
1063:
1036:
1034:
1032:
969:Chris Maclean, pp. 129–130 "Kapiti",
924:
653:a panel of historians and journalists
514:, by troops acting for the Governor,
466:Te Rauparaha had requested that Rev.
250:a panel of historians and journalists
724:
399:In 1831 he took the major Ngāi Tahu
1247:
1221:
1019:"Kaiapoi – Tī Kōuka Whenua – Māori"
604:. This biography was translated by
557:
545:
13:
1162:Pōmare, Mīria (12 February 2014).
1060:
1029:
752:Journal of Sport and Social Issues
682:
136:(c.1768 – 27 November 1849) was a
14:
1444:
1433:19th-century Māori tribal leaders
1428:18th-century Māori tribal leaders
1358:
1172:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
497:Te Rauparaha, contemporary sketch
376:Te Rauparaha then hired the brig
1363:
983:Reflections on Some Great Chiefs
953:Chris Maclean, p.22 "Waikanae",
908:Chris Maclean, p.115 "Kapiti",
892:Chris Maclean, p.113, "Kapiti",
873:Chris Maclean, p.110, "Kapiti",
798:my.christchurchcitylibraries.com
1382:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1325:
1307:Te Rauparaha, Tāmihana (2020).
1300:
1120:
1089:
1011:
987:
963:
947:
918:
902:
614:He pukapuka tātaku i ngā mahi a
267:and his father was Werawera of
242:widespread performance in sport
867:
811:
786:
733:
699:
631:Stirring Times of Te Rauparaha
522:where he was held in the ship
510:in what would later be called
236:, with his most famous work, "
1:
658:
255:
1332:Travers, W.T. Locke (1906).
451:expedition commanded by Col
278:
62:27 November 1849 (age 80–81)
7:
1137:"The Building of Rangiātea"
175:colonisation of New Zealand
10:
1449:
685:"Te Rauparaha – Biography"
488:
350:Trade and further conquest
200:An early signatory to the
610:Auckland University Press
112:
104:
94:
86:, probably reinterred on
74:
58:
42:
30:
23:
764:10.1177/0193723502262002
485:insisted that he do so.
228:conquered by Ngāti Toa.
173:at the beginning of the
565:Te Rauparaha composed "
1254:Stock, Eugene (1913).
498:
396:
37:Sketch of Te Rauparaha
1372:at Wikimedia Commons
1342:: Whitcombe and Tombs
1025:on 27 September 2006.
496:
394:
105:Years of service
69:Colony of New Zealand
1287:Adam Matthew Digital
1107:Adam Matthew Digital
925:White, John (1890).
854:Adam Matthew Digital
648:is named after him.
244:, especially by the
210:Marlborough District
823:Ngāti Toa Rangatira
629:and was called the
449:New Zealand Company
443:European settlement
361:During this period
171:New Zealand Company
1229:"Motuopihi Island"
1209:on 23 January 2016
1143:on 9 December 2011
642:Te Rauparaha Arena
602:Auckland Libraries
499:
479:Treaty of Waitangi
397:
224:, a town north of
202:Treaty of Waitangi
1368:Media related to
979:Alistair Campbell
959:978-0-473-16597-0
608:and published by
472:Octavius Hadfield
453:William Wakefield
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130:
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1418:Ngāti Toa people
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1202:. Archived from
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1021:. Archived from
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1000:. Archived from
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995:"The Kaiapoi Pa"
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683:Oliver, Steven.
680:
558:Death and legacy
552:Rangiātea Church
546:Rangiātea Church
342:), assembled at
275:in the Waikato.
218:Rangiātea Church
214:New Zealand Wars
80:Rangiātea Church
35:
21:
20:
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1007:on 4 June 2010.
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935:on 3 April 2019
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627:William Travers
612:in 2020 called
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542:Ōtaki in 1848.
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1077:. 12 June 2015
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794:"Te Rauparaha"
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1398:1760s births
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1370:Te Rauparaha
1362:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:Christchurch
1334:
1327:
1308:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
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850:The Contrast
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340:South Island
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134:Te Rauparaha
133:
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113:Battles/wars
25:Te Rauparaha
18:
1413:Musket Wars
1403:1849 deaths
606:Ross Calman
516:George Grey
503:Hutt Valley
317:Cook Strait
248:. In 2005,
187:Cook Strait
160:Musket Wars
119:Musket Wars
1392:Categories
1292:18 October
1239:31 October
1112:10 October
859:18 October
716:24 October
659:References
591:Māori king
583:All Blacks
512:Plimmerton
461:Golden Bay
439:recalled.
411:Pā in the
356:greenstone
336:Horowhenua
313:Wellington
309:Rangitikei
256:Early days
246:All Blacks
226:Wellington
183:Wellington
179:Rangitikei
95:Allegiance
1213:31 August
1177:31 August
780:144368028
772:0193-7235
651:In 2005,
529:His son,
386:Ngāi Tahu
378:Elizabeth
332:Whanganui
279:Migration
269:Ngāti Toa
153:Ngāti Toa
141:rangatira
108:1819–1848
99:Ngāti Toa
1379:in 1966
981:'s poem
819:"Taonga"
531:Tāmihana
524:Calliope
520:Auckland
508:Taupo Pā
344:Waikanae
165:Born in
1377:Mention
1346:19 June
1261:4 March
1147:21 June
939:19 June
691:21 June
646:Porirua
567:Ka Mate
489:Capture
421:measles
405:Kaiapoi
366:whaling
238:Ka Mate
208:in the
151:of the
145:warlord
53:Waikato
1315:
1235:. 2017
973:
957:
912:
896:
877:
778:
770:
457:Nelson
413:Akaroa
363:Pākehā
334:, the
325:Nelson
321:Wairau
285:Kāwhia
273:Kāwhia
195:Nelson
191:Wairau
167:Kāwhia
147:, and
75:Buried
49:Kāwhia
46:c.1768
1207:(PDF)
1196:(PDF)
1005:(PDF)
998:(PDF)
828:3 May
803:3 May
776:S2CID
740:2024)
638:Ōtaki
579:Kiwis
409:Onawe
222:Ōtaki
149:chief
138:Māori
84:Ōtaki
65:Ōtaki
1348:2020
1313:ISBN
1294:2015
1263:2019
1241:2023
1215:2015
1179:2015
1149:2012
1114:2015
1083:2023
1054:2023
971:ISBN
955:ISBN
941:2020
910:ISBN
894:ISBN
875:ISBN
861:2015
830:2023
805:2023
768:ISSN
718:2021
693:2012
640:and
575:haka
539:rohe
459:and
371:mana
323:and
295:and
293:hapū
234:haka
193:and
59:Died
43:Born
760:doi
644:in
535:utu
526:.
417:utu
403:at
319:to
311:to
297:iwi
265:iwi
220:in
189:to
181:to
156:iwi
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