559:"Governor" is actually the best translation in my humble opinion. - If it is said "Prime Minister" would make the freestate of Saxony seem independent, the answer is: the better, that's about the general idea of German federalism. The Germans actually (in a hybris?) call every head of government of other (non-presidential) states Ministerpräsidenten, be it Italy, be it the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden or whatever, and only tradition stops them to do the same to the Prime Minister of Great Britain (and, most of the time, to the Prime Minister of France, though I wouldn't be too sure about that). Saxony is not a subdivision of Germany, Germany is a composition of, among others, Saxony. (And here's a Bavarian speaking, i. e. someone of a people that is generally supposed not to like the Saxons, which however doesn't apply to me.) --
485:
Drawing an analogy with US practice, an
American would tend to use the term "Governor" when talking about the "Ministerpräsident" of a German (or the "Landeshauptmann" of an Austrian) "Bundesland" whereas an Australian or Canadian would use the term "Premier". (The same problem probably applies in reverse: an Austrian talking about politics in English-speaking countries might naturally refer to the "Landeshauptmann" of an Australian state or Canadian Province, while a German would say "Ministerpräsident"). So the translation depends very much on your target audience. The same problem applies when translating "Bundesland". An Australian or American would probably refer to the "state" of Saxony while a Canadian would probably call it a "province".
762:(etc) may also be acceptable as a term of art. And similarly in less formal settings where conveying the distinction between presidential and parliamentary systems of government is not so important then the use of the term "governor" for a specifically American audience may also be acceptable (although even here I would avoid it; if Americans can handle the use of the word "premier" in respect of parliamentary systems in English-speaking countries ] I don't see why they can't also handle the more accurate "premier" in respect of parliamentary systems in non-English speaking countries rather than resorting to use of the more familiar but less accurate term "governor").
379:
and therefore should not be used to describe the head of a state government. I cannot imagine a native speaker outside of
Germany would understand the term "minister-president". One has to be careful with using plausible translations like "governor" in a US-context, even though it probably describes best what is meant, but i guess a governor has slightly different functions than a state premier in Germany and thus could add to the confusion. Imagine Henry Kissinger at a meeting asking: "Since when do they have governors??" "The Hessian Minister-President" sounds like if a German native had translated it into English using the Langenscheidt.
735:) are drawn from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined. The "governor" of a US state is the constitutional head of the executive branch, quite separate from the legislative branch; he is not a member of the legislature; he does not have to command the support of a majority of the legislature (or its lower house in the case of bicameral legislatures) and cannot be forced from office because he fails to command the support of a majority of the legislature. The "premier" of an Australian state or a Canadian province as well as the
401:
74:
53:
489:
government. To speak of the "prime minsiter" of Saxony, Alberta or
Queensland sounds as if you are talking about an independent country when in fact you are referring to a subunit of a country. So I would go for "premier" over "prime minister" when talking about the "Minsiterpräsident" of a "Bundesland" etc. But if you're using "Ministerpräsident" in German to refer to the head of government of a country (eg France, Italy) then you *would* say "prime minister" in English.
366:
is not only the head of the government but the head of state (German federated states are sovereign states). This becomes obvious by three privileges, exclusively being part of a head of state : a) the minister-president holds the right of grace (amnesty) b) the right to bestow decorations and c) to be the representative in- and outside the country. Consequently the
Minister-president holds the first place in precedence in its country, while a premier minister doesn't.
84:
281:
263:
291:
179:
22:
158:
189:
650:, the situation is complicated by translating these terms for an American audience without paying much attention to the underlying system of government and how that differs from that which prevails in the United States. In the United States, the "top politician" of a state is the "governor", so it is understandable that many Americans would naturally use the word "governor" when talking in English about the
627:
have a "premier" and the
Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory each have a "chief minister". That we do not use "prime minister" below the national level is normal modern English usage (the old use of "prime minister" in respect of Northern Ireland is a historical exception to modern English usage; today Northern Ireland has a "first minister").
834:
754:, this English usage does not accurately reflect the underlying differences in the system of government. For all of the foregoing reasons I would therefore suggest that in contexts where accuracy is required (such as an encyclopaedia article or a text book on government), the best English translation for
365:
1) A Prime MInister is the political leader of the government in a monarchic system, while the monarch is formally the head of his government and his minister is the first servant (what is the meaning of minister)! In a republic the minister is servant of the People. 2) The German minister-president
678:
why
American states have "governors" and Australian states and Canadian provinces have "premiers". This is not simply a linguistic difference along the lines of "french fries" versus "chips" where two different terms are used to refer to essentially the same thing; rather, the difference in English
626:
In ordinary modern
English usage the term "prime minister" is not used at the sub-national level. Hence, the UK has a prime minister but Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales each have a "first minister"; and similarly Australia and Canada each have a "prime minister" but Queensland and Alberta each
492:
My inclination is to say that "Minister-President" is acceptable as a *term of art* in
English but for most purposes you would use the word "premier" when describing this office. The term "minister-president" would, however, still be useful in some circumstances. After all we still say "Bundestag"
488:
In answer to the question of why it's not (always) appropriate to refer to "Minsiterpräsidenten" as "prime ministers" in
English: In English speaking federal polities the term "prime minisiter" is really only used to refer to the head of the federal government and not the head of a state/provincial
484:
One is the difference between the German political system and the political systems extant in the countries of the
English speaking world. A second factor is the differences in terminology that exist within English, even when describing roughly the same office (in this case the head of government).
392:
ps: I have just received an email from the Hessian State Chancellery. I will quote: "Nach nochmalieger Nachfrage in der Abteilung Protokoll in der Hessischen Staatskanzlei wurde mir mitgeteilt, dass die offizielle englische Bezeichnung für Hessischer Ministerpräsident wie folgt lautet: "The Hessian
378:
in interpreting we have these discussions all the time, and as for the interpreters "minister-president" seems inadequate, i have to agree on that. As mentioned below, appropriate translations are "state premier" or "premier", a "prime minister" is the head of a federal government, e.g. Tony Blair,
781:
It should be noted, though, that the tilte of "Minister-President" is neither uniquely German nor confined to heads of government of sub-national entities: The Netherlands also have an "Minister-President", and the German terms has its origin in a time where Germany consited of several independent
409:
For the German "Ministerpräsident" I really find "Minister-President" in English hard to swallow. It may be acceptable, but to me, "Premier" seems the best translation, as it avoids confusion with "Prime Minister" (often head of a whole country, e.g. the British Prime Minister). "Premier" is also
630:
I would suggest that in most instances there is no real need to use (1) or (2) (as there are perfectly good English language equivalents for everyday use) unless the context demands the use of the foreign word (or its anglicised equivalent) as a term of art. So if I were a journalist writing an
558:
Of course the constitutional paragraphs to the minister-presidents in Germany are somewhat different that those of US governors. Likewise they were different in the case of Reichskanzler Prinz von Baden compared with Reichskanzler Scheidemann. That's no real argument, it'd stop any translation.
438:
No, I think it should be Ministers-President, just as we have Governors-General and Attorneys-General. "General" is adjectival here. We pluralise the noun (Governor) and do not decline the adjective (General), hence "Governors-General". I would say that "Minister-President" represents a similar
544:
A Ministerpräsident most certainly is no "governor", as a governor is elected by the people while a Ministerpräsident is elected by a majority of the Landtag. In theory, the Landtag can replace the Ministerpräsident at any time. This prevents populists and political outsiders from reaching the
1125:
I agree. I think the best way will be, to be strictly descriptive. I have studied the constitutions over the last days and have made the following table, which shows the most important differences between the 16 state constitutions with regard to the Ministers President or their equivalent in
1751:
387:
to answer your question, actually they are sometimes, which just adds to the confusion. The homepage of the government of Brandenburg clearly states the Ministerpräsident as "Prime Minister of Brandenburg", whereas Bavaria uses "Minister-President". I will try to find out the correct
500:: only because a bavarian source calls it Minister-President does not mean that term is applicable somehow. The bavarian government and bavarian politicians are the worst source refering to english correctness. Besides, I think "Presiding Minister" would be a well explaining term.
519:). I have no problem with the translation "prime minister"; perhaps it is because I am British. But "premier" sounds fine too. I've never known the term "minister-president" be used in English, except when spelt "ministerpräsident" and treated as a borrowing from German. ~~
1044:
Good idea! If nobody disagrees over the next days/weeks, I could start with the article. The discussion of the differences has to be sourced by the state constitutions, which I wanted to do anyway, but this will take a bit of time, as these are sixteen different documents.
743:, on the other hand, is a member of the legislature and must secure the support of a majority of the legislature (or its lower house) in order to hold office; he can, furthermore, be forced from office by a simple vote of no confidence on the floor of the legislature.
369:
Consequence: Sometimes we should form a neologism, a new word instead translating (The Latin dominated languages like English have to do it always, while German can build a compound word (compositum).) This new word has to be spread by dictionaries and encyclopedias
1021:
The section with a list of German state heads of government makes it rather top-heavy and unfocused. I would suggest splitting off the list of the heads of German states (together with some explanation) into a separate article – something like the article
1752:
http://www.nds-voris.de/jportal/portal/t/13kl/page/bsvorisprod.psml/action/portlets.jw.MainAction?p1=10&eventSubmit_doNavigate=searchInSubtreeTOC&showdoccase=1&doc.hl=0&doc.id=jlr-VerfNDpArt29&doc.part=S&toc.poskey=#focuspoint
631:
article about the Netherlands I would refer to the country's "prime minister" and not its "minister-president". If I were writing a textbook in English on the government or constitutional law of the Netherlands or of a German
782:
states. – Mind that each of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands have a Minister President, though, indeed it does seem that in the Native English such persons are usually called Prime Minsters
410:
used to describe similar positions in English-speaking countries, e.g. state Premiers in Australia. Is "Premier" okay too? It seems to be common enough in English-language reports about Germany, e.g. at Deutsche Welle. --
1126:
Berlin/Bremen/Hamburg. The table should be part of a section "Constitutional roles and powers". Each state has a source-link to a digital copy of the respective state constitution in their current forms.
443:
since when exactly is President a adjective? If you are right theres a big need in fixing the english language due to lack of semantic logic. This would totally mess up the rules of word allocation.
1085:
Ok, I started to work on the article in my sandbox. If that's convenient, I will implement the revised article, when finished,...but this will take some time, I guess, complicated business ...
1729:
892:
848:
584:(1) Use the original foreign language term as a term of art, in which case you would normally italicise it in English (which is the usual practice when using foreign terms in English).
910:
906:
639:) as a term of art, but even then I would also use more common English terms such as "prime minister" or "premier" in addition to my use of minister-president as a term of art.
1828:
968:
Much of the section on Germany appears to be unsourced original research of an evaluative nature. This includes the comparisons between German ministers-president and
844:
1817:
797:
564:
530:
424:
Shouldn't the plural be "Minister-Presidents", because of the hyphen? EVen if it doesn't, it sounds better and makes more sense than, "Ministers-President"... -Alex
1773:
1696:
515:
It is probably true that we rarely use the term "prime minister" to refer to heads of subnational entities, though certainly historically it's not unknown (e.g.
460:
I have to agree that Ministers-President is, if you want to translate the singular with Minister-President in the first place, just wrong as a plural. The word
679:
terminology is reflective of two different constitutional offices (just as "prime minister" and "president" at the national level are very different offices).
1029:
Detailled discussion of the differences between the different German states could also be moved there, preferably without the unsourced original research. --
1893:
1237:
vote of no confidence, but if the state parliament does not elect a new Governing Mayor within 21 days, the former officeholder is reinvested automatically
425:
337:
1730:
http://www.landesrecht-hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?showdoccase=1&st=lr&doc.id=jlr-VerfHArahmen&doc.part=X&doc.origin=bs
1718:
829:
758:(etc) is "prime minister" at the national level and "premier" at the sub-national level. Of course in some contexts the use of "minister-president" or
439:
grammatical structure, so on this view "president" is adjectival, that is to say it carries the meaning of "presiding" or "first" (prime / premier!).
140:
1566:
majority of members or simple majority, if the state parliament does not elect a Minister President in 14 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon
476:
1018:
of head of government of a federated state (e.g. Germany) or the different concept of head of government of a sovereign state (e.g. Netherlands) .
811:
343:
245:
546:
360:
821:
771:
568:
1417:
majority of members or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a Minister President in 28 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon
1387:
majority of members or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a Minister President in 21 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon
1183:
cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval, the state parliament may recall individual cabinet ministers with a two-thirds majority
493:
and "Bunderat" in English as terms of art. And although we can translate "Kaiser" as emperor, we often refer to the "Kaiser" as a term of art.
1094:
1072:
815:
1888:
776:
662:
here as "premier" based on my own country's English usage. I say that, rather, as a constitutional lawyer attuned to the differences between
510:
507:
506:
We do not need to distinguish between English Latin (Prime Minister) and German Latin (Minister-President). This article should be deleted.
1839:
1685:
383:
Why aren't they called Prime Ministers? I haven't read the term Minister-president anywhere outside Knowledge in an English language text.
534:
1740:
1829:
http://www.gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+SH&psml=bsshoprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true
958:
791:
719:
system of government prevails. In a US state, the executive branch (of which the governor of a state is the chief) exists and presides
1863:
1120:
1054:
835:
Why does wiki call all german Ministerpräsidenet minister-president exept the Lower Saxon one ? (who is calld prime minister on wiki)
130:
888:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
1878:
587:(2) Use its anglicised equivalent "minister-president" as a term of art (no need to italicise though since it has been anglicised).
235:
1818:
http://www.landesrecht.sachsen-anhalt.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+ST&psml=bssahprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true
1774:
https://www.krefeld.de/C1257478002CCFBA/html/48CCFE93623BD475C12574F10052F97F/$ File/Verfassung_fuer_das_Land_NRW.pdf?OpenElement
1762:
1697:
http://www.datenschutz.fu-berlin.de/dahlem/ressourcen/datenschutz-fordert/rechtliche-datenschutzforderungen/verfassung-berlin.pdf
1023:
807:
658:. But I think its use is inaccurate and I don't just say that as an Australian whose "natural" inclination would be to translate
1898:
1868:
1858:
1883:
1873:
840:
560:
526:
106:
453:
So taken correctly you would have to call the function Ministers-President(singular) and Ministers-Presidents(plural).
516:
313:
211:
1719:
https://www.bremische-buergerschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Informationsmaterial/LandesverfassungBremen_2016_web.pdf
1657:
803:
1000:
870:
686:
says, "als Ministerpräsidenten oder Premierminister bezeichnet man allgemein das politische Amt des Regierungschefs
1795:
414:
1038:
853:
428:
909:
to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
878:
97:
58:
1107:
Thanks! Of course, any discussion of differences based on the constitutions would have to be careful to avoid
1286:
481:
A number of things complicate the matter of translation of the German term "Ministerpräsident" into English.
404:
304:
268:
202:
163:
953:
33:
1840:
http://www.landtag.thueringen.de/landtag/gremien-und-rechtsgrundlagen/rechtsgrundlagen/landesverfassung/
1686:
https://www.uni-augsburg.de/einrichtungen/gleichstellungsbeauftragte/downloads/bayerische_verfassung.pdf
928:
If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with
869:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit
1445:
majority of members (first ballot), simple majority (second and third ballot), runoff (fourth ballot)
963:
746:
So while it may be natural to use the term "governor" when talking to an American audience about the
1741:
http://starweb.hessen.de/cache/hessen/landtag/enquetekommissionverfassung/Hessische%20Verfassung.pdf
727:(which includes the states of Australia, the provinces of Canada as well as the German and Austrian
1068:
716:
667:
312:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
210:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
105:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
1618:
944:
21:
1784:
913:
before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template
1437:
1409:
1005:
929:
1763:
https://www.landtag-mv.de/fileadmin/media/Dokumente/Druckerzeugnisse/LT_Verfassung_01-2012.pdf
1374:
members of noble houses, which have reigned in Germany before 1918, are ineligible for office
1196:
916:
39:
1806:
1528:
1468:
936:
767:
724:
712:
663:
522:
411:
1166:
8:
1653:
1090:
1064:
1050:
707:
671:
1674:
1588:
1207:
none, has to resign, if a cooperation with the state parliament is not possible anymore
895:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by
862:
825:
545:
highest government office. A Schwarzenegger would never have been possible in Germany.
935:
If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
1707:
1303:
none, all cabinet members are elected and may be recalled by the state parliament
1116:
1108:
1034:
996:
866:
763:
731:), however, the ministers of the executive branch (which includes the premier or
394:
89:
1796:
https://www.landtag-saar.de/Dokumente/Gesetze/Verfassung%20des%20Saarlandes.pdf
1649:
1086:
1046:
787:
602:
598:
591:
419:
296:
194:
901:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
1852:
1558:
879:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060629212008/http://www.bundespraesident.de/en/
373:
1379:
400:
1256:
902:
1626:
majority of members (first and second ballot), pluralitiy (third ballot)
1596:
majority of members (first and second ballot), pluralitiy (third ballot)
83:
73:
52:
1536:
majority of members (first ballot), simple majority (following ballots)
1264:
majority of members (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)
1112:
1030:
992:
698:
generally refers to the political office of the head of government in
447:
German: ONE Minister, TWO Minister English: ONE Minister, TWO Minister
1515:
cabinet appointments and dismissals subject to parliamentary approval
783:
1365:
dismissal of a cabinet minister is subject to parliamentary approval
882:
1498:
609:
576:
There are basically six choices you have when rendering the German
102:
1063:
I had the same thought when I first read this article. Have fun!
280:
262:
178:
157:
1317:
812:
Knowledge talk:WikiProject Germany § Ministerpräsident#Discussion
705:
In the United States -- both at the federal and state level -- a
616:
309:
207:
1226:
723:
from the legislature, to which it is not responsible. Under a
580:(or its equivalent in another foreign language) into English:
433:
1785:
https://www.rlp.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Landesverfassung.pdf
1348:
468:(president of the ministers). "Presiding Minister" would be
808:
Talk:Christian Wulff § Prime Minister vs. Minister-President
393:
Minister-President"." So I hope this clears some confusion.
816:
Knowledge talk:WikiProject Germany § Ministerpräsident#Vote
873:
for additional information. I made the following changes:
820:
A discussion and vote on the topic is going on right now.
1807:
https://www.revosax.sachsen.de/vorschrift/3975-Verfassung
690:
Staaten" -- which translates into English as: "the term
991:
I would suggest all the unsourced stuff be removed. --
1396:
cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval
1334:
cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval
1213:
cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval
635:
I might want to use the term "minister-president" (or
456:
Don't take your language poorer then it actually is.
1675:
https://www.lpb-bw.de/bwverf/Landesverfassung-BW.pdf
361:
Why a minister-president is not (!) a prime-minister
308:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
286:
206:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
184:
101:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
79:
905:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
674:systems on the other hand. There is, after all an
342:This article has not yet received a rating on the
798:Minister-President in Germany discussion and vote
1850:
1708:https://bravors.brandenburg.de/de/gesetze-212792
804:Talk:Christian Wulff § Prime Minister once again
839:Is he special? does he have a different title?
891:This message was posted before February 2018.
688:in parlamentarischen oder semi-präsidentiellen
1343:may not be a member of the state parliament
1312:may not be a member of the state parliament
1894:Unknown-importance Belgium-related articles
1463:has to be a member of the state parliament
19:
861:I have just modified one external link on
702:states" (emphasis added; my translation).
623:Which you opt for will depend on context.
981:the constitutional order of South Africa.
670:system of government on the one hand and
477:on correct translation of political terms
464:is a compound. As such, it is short for
1024:List of current United States governors
1851:
777:Minister-President of the Netherlands
1889:Start-Class Belgium-related articles
302:This article is within the scope of
200:This article is within the scope of
95:This article is within the scope of
15:
682:As the German wikipedia article on
38:It is of interest to the following
13:
1629:constructive vote of no confidence
1599:constructive vote of no confidence
1569:constructive vote of no confidence
1539:constructive vote of no confidence
1448:constructive vote of no confidence
1420:constructive vote of no confidence
1390:constructive vote of no confidence
1328:constructive vote of no confidence
1297:constructive vote of no confidence
1267:constructive vote of no confidence
1177:constructive vote of no confidence
978:the premier of a Canadian province
975:the premier of an Australian state
517:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
14:
1910:
1291:President of the Senate and Mayor
883:http://www.bundespraesident.de/en
865:. Please take a moment to review
700:pariamentary or semi-presidential
597:(4) Use an English term such as "
1864:Mid-importance politics articles
399:
289:
279:
261:
187:
177:
156:
82:
72:
51:
20:
1879:Mid-importance Germany articles
1833:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1789:
1778:
1767:
1010:This article is more about the
240:This article has been rated as
135:This article has been rated as
1756:
1745:
1734:
1723:
1712:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1668:
1318:Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg
1014:"minister president" than the
511:14:23, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
405:21:02, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
115:Knowledge:WikiProject Politics
1:
1899:All WikiProject Belgium pages
1869:WikiProject Politics articles
1859:Start-Class politics articles
1287:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
415:01:59, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
322:Knowledge:WikiProject Belgium
316:and see a list of open tasks.
220:Knowledge:WikiProject Germany
214:and see a list of open tasks.
118:Template:WikiProject Politics
109:and see a list of open tasks.
1884:WikiProject Germany articles
1874:Start-Class Germany articles
1658:23:27, 22 October 2018 (UTC)
1121:13:43, 19 October 2018 (UTC)
1095:12:56, 19 October 2018 (UTC)
1073:09:26, 19 October 2018 (UTC)
1055:09:18, 19 October 2018 (UTC)
1039:13:44, 14 October 2018 (UTC)
1001:13:44, 14 October 2018 (UTC)
972:the governor of a U.S. State
772:18:08, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
429:03:37, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
325:Template:WikiProject Belgium
223:Template:WikiProject Germany
7:
10:
1915:
1152:power to shape the cabinet
922:(last update: 5 June 2024)
858:Hello fellow Wikipedians,
801:
615:(6) Use the English word "
608:(5) Use the English word "
590:(3) Use the English term "
569:12:01, 28 March 2010 (UTC)
344:project's importance scale
246:project's importance scale
141:project's importance scale
987:the President of Germany.
984:the Chancellor of Germany
959:14:11, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
849:17:02, 14 June 2013 (UTC)
341:
274:
239:
172:
134:
67:
46:
830:03:34, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
792:05:17, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
328:Belgium-related articles
1619:Free State of Thuringia
854:External links modified
535:23:10, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
1438:North Rhine-Westphalia
1410:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
466:Präsident der Minister
28:This article is rated
1509:vote of no confidence
1479:vote of no confidence
1359:vote of no confidence
1300:ceremonial precedence
1197:Free State of Bavaria
1155:right to grant pardon
642:When it comes to the
470:Vorsitzender Minister
1632:guideline competence
1602:guideline competence
1572:guideline competence
1542:guideline competence
1529:Free State of Saxony
1512:guideline competence
1482:guideline competence
1469:Rhineland-Palatinate
1451:guideline competence
1423:guideline competence
1393:guideline competence
1362:guideline competence
1331:guideline competence
1270:guideline competence
1240:guideline competence
1210:guideline competence
1180:guideline competence
903:regular verification
725:parliamentary system
98:WikiProject Politics
1506:majority of members
1476:majority of members
1356:majority of members
1325:majority of members
1174:majority of members
1149:position in cabinet
893:After February 2018
305:WikiProject Belgium
203:WikiProject Germany
1623:Minister President
1593:Minister President
1589:Schleswig-Holstein
1563:Minister President
1533:Minister President
1518:no (whole cabinet)
1503:Minister President
1473:Minister President
1442:Minister President
1414:Minister President
1384:Minister President
1353:Minister President
1337:no (whole cabinet)
1306:no (whole cabinet)
1261:Minister President
1246:no (whole cabinet)
1201:Minister President
1171:Minister President
1143:election threshold
947:InternetArchiveBot
898:InternetArchiveBot
863:Minister-president
549:16:16, 14 May 2008
34:content assessment
1647:
1646:
1167:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1161:other provisions
964:Original research
923:
760:Ministerpräsident
756:Ministerpräsident
748:Ministerpräsident
737:Ministerpräsident
733:Ministerpräsident
717:semi-presidential
692:Ministerpräsident
684:Ministerpräsident
676:underlying reason
668:semi-presidential
660:Ministerpräsident
652:Ministerpräsident
644:Ministerpräsident
637:Ministerpräsident
578:Ministerpräsident
525:comment added by
462:Ministerpräsident
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
256:
255:
252:
251:
151:
150:
147:
146:
121:politics articles
1906:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1146:recall procedure
1134:
1133:
957:
948:
921:
920:
899:
537:
403:
397:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
299:
294:
293:
292:
283:
276:
275:
265:
258:
257:
228:
227:
226:Germany articles
224:
221:
218:
197:
192:
191:
190:
181:
174:
173:
168:
160:
153:
152:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
92:
87:
86:
76:
69:
68:
63:
55:
48:
47:
31:
25:
24:
16:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1294:simple majority
1234:simple majority
1231:Governing Mayor
1204:simple majority
1008:
966:
951:
946:
914:
907:have permission
897:
871:this simple FaQ
856:
837:
818:
800:
779:
696:Premierminister
520:
479:
436:
422:
412:Geoffrey Miller
395:
376:
363:
327:
324:
321:
318:
317:
295:
290:
288:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
193:
188:
186:
166:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
90:Politics portal
88:
81:
61:
32:on Knowledge's
29:
12:
11:
5:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1844:
1843:
1832:
1821:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1432:18 (de facto)
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:Pelirojopajaro
1058:
1057:
1007:
1006:Split proposed
1004:
989:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
965:
962:
941:
940:
933:
886:
885:
877:Added archive
855:
852:
841:95.208.187.120
836:
833:
799:
796:
778:
775:
621:
620:
613:
606:
603:first minister
599:chief minister
595:
592:prime minister
588:
585:
574:
573:
572:
571:
553:
552:
551:
550:
539:
538:
513:
501:
478:
475:
474:
473:
445:
444:
435:
432:
421:
418:
390:
389:
382:
375:
372:
362:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
340:
334:
333:
331:
314:the discussion
301:
300:
297:Belgium portal
284:
272:
271:
266:
254:
253:
250:
249:
242:Mid-importance
238:
232:
231:
229:
212:the discussion
199:
198:
195:Germany portal
182:
170:
169:
167:Mid‑importance
161:
149:
148:
145:
144:
137:Mid-importance
133:
127:
126:
124:
107:the discussion
94:
93:
77:
65:
64:
62:Mid‑importance
56:
44:
43:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1911:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1641:18 (de facto)
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1611:18 (de facto)
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:18 (de facto)
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:Saxony-Anhalt
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1521:18 (de facto)
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1491:18 (de facto)
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:18 (de facto)
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:18 (de facto)
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:18 (de facto)
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:18 (de facto)
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1002:
998:
994:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
969:
961:
960:
955:
950:
949:
938:
934:
931:
927:
926:
925:
918:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
875:
874:
872:
868:
864:
859:
851:
850:
846:
842:
832:
831:
827:
823:
817:
813:
809:
805:
795:
793:
789:
785:
774:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:parliamentary
710:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:parliamentary
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
628:
624:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
582:
581:
579:
570:
566:
562:
561:84.154.99.205
557:
556:
555:
554:
548:
543:
542:
541:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:86.155.65.123
524:
518:
514:
512:
509:
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:
494:
490:
486:
482:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:
457:
454:
451:
450:
442:
441:
440:
431:
430:
427:
426:12.220.157.93
417:
416:
413:
407:
406:
402:
398:
386:
385:
384:
380:
371:
367:
345:
339:
336:
335:
332:
315:
311:
307:
306:
298:
287:
285:
282:
278:
277:
273:
270:
267:
264:
260:
259:
247:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
213:
209:
205:
204:
196:
185:
183:
180:
176:
175:
171:
165:
162:
159:
155:
154:
142:
138:
132:
129:
128:
125:
108:
104:
100:
99:
91:
85:
80:
78:
75:
71:
70:
66:
60:
57:
54:
50:
49:
45:
41:
35:
27:
23:
18:
17:
1835:
1824:
1813:
1802:
1791:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1747:
1736:
1725:
1714:
1703:
1692:
1681:
1670:
1662:
1648:
1551:18 (de facto
1380:Lower Saxony
1028:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1009:
990:
967:
945:
942:
917:source check
896:
890:
887:
860:
857:
838:
819:
802:Main pages:
780:
759:
755:
751:
750:of a German
747:
745:
740:
739:of a German
736:
732:
728:
720:
708:presidential
706:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
681:
675:
672:presidential
659:
655:
654:of a German
651:
647:
646:of a German
643:
641:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
577:
575:
503:
497:
491:
487:
483:
480:
469:
465:
461:
455:
452:
448:
446:
437:
423:
408:
391:
381:
377:
368:
364:
303:
241:
201:
136:
96:
40:WikiProjects
1322:First Mayor
1257:Brandenburg
1158:minimum age
521:—Preceding
30:Start-class
1853:Categories
1663:References
954:Report bug
764:Apodeictic
752:Bundesland
721:separately
711:and not a
648:Bundesland
633:Bundesland
434:on plurals
396:Gryffindor
1650:Alektor89
1109:synthesis
1087:Alektor89
1047:Alektor89
937:this tool
930:this tool
547:Reibeisen
1499:Saarland
943:Cheers.—
822:Kingjeff
610:governor
523:unsigned
112:Politics
103:politics
59:Politics
1016:concept
867:my edit
617:premier
504:Contra:
388:usage..
319:Belgium
310:Belgium
269:Belgium
244:on the
217:Germany
208:Germany
164:Germany
139:on the
1227:Berlin
814:, and
729:Länder
601:" or "
508:Ulf-S.
420:Plural
36:scale.
1349:Hesse
1140:Title
1137:State
1113:Boson
1031:Boson
993:Boson
374:Older
1654:talk
1635:full
1605:full
1575:full
1545:full
1485:full
1454:full
1426:full
1273:full
1243:full
1117:talk
1111:. --
1091:talk
1069:talk
1051:talk
1035:talk
1012:term
997:talk
845:talk
826:talk
788:talk
784:ThW5
768:talk
741:Land
666:and
656:Land
565:talk
531:talk
1638:yes
1608:yes
1578:yes
1548:yes
1488:yes
1457:yes
1429:yes
1399:yes
1368:yes
1276:yes
1216:yes
1186:yes
1026:.
911:RfC
881:to
715:or
694:or
498:Pro
338:???
236:Mid
131:Mid
1855::
1656:)
1460:18
1340:18
1309:18
1219:40
1189:35
1119:)
1093:)
1071:)
1053:)
1037:)
999:)
924:.
919:}}
915:{{
847:)
828:)
810:,
806:,
794:.
790:)
770:)
619:".
612:".
594:".
567:)
533:)
1652:(
1115:(
1089:(
1067:(
1049:(
1033:(
995:(
956:)
952:(
939:.
932:.
843:(
824:(
786:(
766:(
605:"
563:(
529:(
472:.
449:s
346:.
248:.
143:.
42::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
