Talk:Fula people - Knowledge

4021::"Other groups of interest can be assessed with STRUCTURE analyses, including the Fulani, sampled from Nigeria and Cameroon, the Baggara sampled from northern Cameroon, and the Koma sampled from the Alantika Mountains in eastern Nigeria. The Fulani are nomadic pastoralists who speak a Niger-Kordofanian language (Atlantic Senegambian subfamily) and occupy a broad geographic range in central and western Africa... Our analysis, using genomewide nuclear markers and STRUCTURE, indicates that the Fulani have distinctive ancestry (fuchsia) at K = 14 in the global analysis (Figs. 3, 4) and at K = 9 -14 in the Africa analysis (Fig. S15). Low to moderate levels of the Fulani AAC was also observed in the Mozabite and Mandinka populations in the global analysis (Figs. 3 and 4). The Fulani cluster with the Chadic and Central Sudanic speaking populations at K <13 in the global analysis (Fig. 3; maroon) and at K <8 in the Africa analysis (Fig. S15; red). They also cluster near the Chadic and Central Sudanic speaking populations in the NJ tree based on population genetic distances (Figs. 1, S7 and S8). In the global STRUCTURE analysis, the Fulani show low to moderate levels of European/Middle Eastern ancestry (blue), consistent with mtDNA (S101) and Y chromosome (S97) analyses, as well as the presence at low frequency of the -13910T mutation associated with lactose tolerance in Europeans in this population (S102). Additionally, we observe moderate to high levels of Niger- Kordofanian ancestry in the Fulani populations (Figs. 3, 4, S15;Tables S8, S9). These results do not enable us to determine the definitive origin of the Fulani, although they indicate shared ancestry with Saharan and Central Sudanic populations and suggest that the Fulani have admixed with local populations, and possibly adopted a Niger-Kordofanian language, during their spread across central and western Africa. The origin of European (possibly via the Iberian peninsula) and/or Middle Eastern ancestry in the Fulani requires further exploration with additional genetic markers." 3897::"Only the Fulbe and Hausa from Cameroon possessed the T allele at a level consistent with phenotypic observations (as well as an Irish sample used for comparison). We conclude that the C13.9kbT polymorphism is not a predictor of lactase persistence in sub-Saharan Africans. We also present Y-chromosome data that are consistent with previously reported evidence for a back-migration event into Cameroon, and we comment on the implications for the introgression of the 13.9kb*T allele...Our Y-chromosome data corroborate the results of Cruciani and colleagues (2002) in finding high frequencies in our Cameroonian samples of a haplogroup that is generally absent from sub-Saharan Africa. Phylogeographic arguments suggest that this haplogroup (R1*, by use of the nomenclature of the Y-Chromosome Consortium ) has a non-African origin. Cruciani and colleagues (2002) found R1* Y chromosomes at an average frequency of 40% in several northern Cameroonian groups, including one Fulbe group. We found evidence for the same haplotype (typed by use of a marker that appears phylogenetically identical in this part of Africa) in our samples from central Cameroon, with a particularly high frequency (19%) in the Fulbe group that was tested. The Y-chromosome microsatellite diversity we observed indicates that this haplogroup could not have been brought to this part of Africa by a single recent founder. The origins of the Fulbe are the subject of debate, but the group is thought to be from outside Cameroon; on the basis of ethnic traditions and linguistic similarities between Fulbe languages and Tukulor (Toucouleur), an origin in the Futa Toro region of the Senegal river basin has been proposed (Newman 1995)." 2818:"Despite the large size of the contemporary nomadic Fulani population (roughly 13 million people), the genetic diversity and degree of differentiation of Fulanis compared to other sub-Saharan populations remain unknown. We sampled four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso) and analyzed sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the haplotypes belong to haplogroups of West African origin, such as L1b, L3b, L3d, L2b, L2c, and L2d (79.6% in total), which are all well represented in each of the four geographically separated samples. The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin, such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total). As in African hunter-gatherers (Pygmies and Khoisan) and some populations from central Tunisia (Kesra and Zriba), three of the Fulani nomad samples do not reveal significant negative values of Fu's selective neutrality test. The multidimensional scaling of FST genetic distances of related sub-Saharan populations and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) show clear and close relationships between all pairs of the four Fulani nomad samples, irrespective of their geographic origin. The only group of nomadic Fulani that manifests some similarities with geographically related agricultural populations (from Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria) comes from Tcheboua in northern Cameroon." 3658:"Despite the large size of the contemporary nomadic Fulani population (roughly 13 million people), the genetic diversity and degree of differentiation of Fulanis compared to other sub-Saharan populations remain unknown. We sampled four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso) and analyzed sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the haplotypes belong to haplogroups of West African origin, such as L1b, L3b, L3d, L2b, L2c, and L2d (79.6% in total), which are all well represented in each of the four geographically separated samples. The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin, such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total). As in African hunter-gatherers (Pygmies and Khoisan) and some populations from central Tunisia (Kesra and Zriba), three of the Fulani nomad samples do not reveal significant negative values of Fu's selective neutrality test. The multidimensional scaling of FST genetic distances of related sub-Saharan populations and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) show clear and close relationships between all pairs of the four Fulani nomad samples, irrespective of their geographic origin. The only group of nomadic Fulani that manifests some similarities with geographically related agricultural populations (from Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria) comes from Tcheboua in northern Cameroon." 1568:

Israelites work hard at slave labor. The Pharaoh oppressed the people, including Fulanis who were rich in cattle. They emigrated from Egypt, some of them went back to Palestine and Syria under Moses guidance and the other crossed the Nile with their cattle and headed west. They took the name of fouth or foudh meaning those who left. A group from the latter moved along the edges of the Sahara to Touat-Air and then to West-Africa. Those who came to Masina (in present day Mali) spread to the neighboring regions where they were rejoined by Fulani groups from Morocco. It has established that about 700AD, Fulani groups from Morocco, moved southward, and invaded the regions of Tagout, Adrar, Mauritania, and Fuuta Tooro. The cradle of the Fulani group is situated in the Senegal River valley, where Fulanis established kingdoms. Until the beginning of the IX th Century..Around that period they continued their migration in the regions of Bundu, Bambouk, Diomboko, Kaarta, and Bagana Finally those who where concentrated in the Ferlo from the XI to the XIV century moved in various groups to the Fuuta Jalon, to the Volta river basin , to the Gurma, to the Haussa land, and to the Adamawa, Boghirme,Ouadai . But several centuries ago, right after their ultimate ethnogenesis they appear to have begun moving from the area of present-day Senegal eastward.

2612:

before reverting again so we can reach consensus. It would be wildly misleading to only highlight the maternal DNA when we have studies pointing to the paternal. It would also be wildly misleading to remove the section in light of the numerous references to the migration histories of the Fulani from the north in the rest of the article. We have to honor the background of ethnic groups (especially in Africa in light of the imperialist, often condescending take of many people towards the age-long, carefully kept and honored oral histories of such groups historically) as they are in reality (especially when they coincide with what the groups say themselves!) and not impose our own assumptions or preferences from when DNA evidence supports the own group's claims! That would be very arrogant and imperialist and condescending (again this is only when the evidence -cultural, archeological, genetic supports these oral histories). It is simply a matter of respect for other people's identity that falls in line with respect for the scientific method. Thank you. See section below "genetics", and discuss before making any more changes. Regards.

2807:"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages. One of the lineages is R-M173 (53.8%), and its sheer frequency suggests either a recent migration of this group to Africa and/or a restricted gene flow due to linguistic or cultural barriers. The high frequency of subclade E-V22, which is believed to be northeast African (Cruciani et al., 2007) and haplogroup R-M173, suggests an amalgamation of two populations/cultures that took place sometime in the past in eastern or central Africa. This is also evident from the frequency of the ‘‘T’’ allele of the lactase persistence gene that is uniquely present in considerable frequencies among the Fulani (Mulcare et al., 2004). Interestingly, Fulani language is classified in the Niger-Congo family of languages, which is more prevalent in West Africa and among Bantu speakers, yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation.". 3638:"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages. One of the lineages is R-M173 (53.8%), and its sheer frequency suggests either a recent migration of this group to Africa and/or a restricted gene flow due to linguistic or cultural barriers. The high frequency of subclade E-V22, which is believed to be northeast African (Cruciani et al., 2007) and haplogroup R-M173, suggests an amalgamation of two populations/cultures that took place sometime in the past in eastern or central Africa. This is also evident from the frequency of the ‘‘T’’ allele of the lactase persistence gene that is uniquely present in considerable frequencies among the Fulani (Mulcare et al., 2004). Interestingly, Fulani language is classified in the Niger-Congo family of languages, which is more prevalent in West Africa and among Bantu speakers, yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation." 2889:"We confirmed previous observations, based on HLA class I data, that the Fulani from Burkina Faso are genetically differentiated from sympatric Mossi and Rimaibe;. We have also observed that the Fulani from Burkina Faso are very close to the Fulani from The Gambia, indicating that the Fulani populations of the two countries could be the descendants of the same group of ancestors. Furthermore, both the Fulani from Burkina Faso and from The Gambia share the distribution of specific alleles with East African populations. In particular, the DRB1*04 allele is absent or rare in all Sub-Saharan African populations, except in the Fulani and in Amhara-Oromo from Ethiopia, where it reaches a frequency close to that of Europeans. These observations are in agreement with the hypothesis that the Fulani’s genetic make-up includes an appreciable Caucasoid component of possible East-African origin, which has been suggested on the basis of their physical features and cultural traditions." 3210:"Y-chromosome data of 22 African populations, including the Fulani from Burkina Faso and northern Cameroon, were analyzed by Cruciani et al. (2002). The main result of Cruciani's study is that different populations from northern Cameroon (Fali, Ouldeme, Daba, and some mixed samples) reveal traces of backmigration from Asia to Africa because of a high proportion of haplotype 117. However, the Fulani sample from northern Cameroon considered by Cruciani and colleagues shows a rather low frequency of this haplotype, and the Fulani, which have a high frequency of haplotype 43, are situated as outliers. Cruciani et al. (2002) also showed that the Fulani from Burkina Faso have reduced diversity, because only two Y-chromosome haplotypes were observed in their sample. - Cerny et al. (2006), mtDNA of Fulani Nomads and Their Genetic Relationships to Neighboring Sedentary Populations" I am trying to get some more precise citations. Regards, 4271:

any case as now it is clear photos were not uploaded by banned user, you perhaps need to go back and restore those photos you cannot show a copyright violation for, since you provided questionable evidence for one photo, but not the many many others you deleted based on your lie that they were clearly uploaded by banned user- I say lie because each photo on the information page clearly showed they were uploaded by Bappah and you have made no arguments and provided no arguments that Bappah and the banned user are related. It thus seems what you did was go through and delete every single photo of a Fulani person save the image gallery on the page without checking which user uploaded it (and you would have clearly seen none were uploaded by the banned user; all you deleted were uploaded by Bappah) or whether it was copyrighted or not. If that is not WP:Vandalism then kindly infotm me what is.

2930:

synthesis/summary of these studies in the article with a note as to the region/country the Fulani tested are from would be a great addition. The quote from the mtDNA study in particular is a great example of what I am talking about as it notes the study of Fulani from four different countries and explicitly compares the results to those of the Fulani in other areas. Many studies of the Fulani however have been done for individual Fulani groups within the country of study (like that for Cameroon) so differentiating the national origin or at least the region (West Africa, north Central Africa, Sudanic Africa) of the Fulani for each of the studies cited in the article would probably be the ideal situation (without it getting overlong). Regards,

2628:

sahara only leaving as the area became drier. In fact their legends correspond with the actual evidence that many black african groups moved south as the sahara entered its last dry phase. Recent genetic evidence shows that most Fulani are related to the Wolof and Serer and even populations with so called non african features show high genetic affinity with other west africans. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rosa, Alexandra; Carolina Ornelas, Mark A Jobling, António Brehm, and Richard Villems (27 July 2007). "Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 124. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-124. PMC 1976131.

3883::"Although human Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup R1b are quite rare in Africa, being found mainly in Asia and Europe, a group of chromosomes within the paragroup R-P25* are found concentrated in the central-western part of the African continent, where they can be detected at frequencies as high as 95%...The R-V88 coalescence time was estimated at 9200–5600 kya, in the early mid Holocene. We suggest that R-V88 is a paternal genetic record of the proposed mid-Holocene migration...through the Central Sahara into the Lake Chad Basin, and geomorphological evidence is consistent with this view." 2910:) 17:58, 24 December 2013 (UTC) Great: the more genetic studies the merrier- especially with the Fulani as they are the most widespread ethnic in Africa and inhabit over 15 countries and as a result are not surprisingly culturally and genetically diverse (although there are clear genetic structures uniting the Fulani across the different countries as highlighted by the mtDNA study). Perhaps we can summarize each of these studies and include them in the section indicating which country each study follows from? They are one of the largest groups in Africa (possibly the second largest after the 794: 730: 742: 3532:

with four sons. The eldest of these sons showed early, though various signs, that he was destined for great things. For example, from infancy he spoke an incomprehensible language that later developed into Fulfulde, the Fulani language...There is reason to believe the Fulani may have originated from the Fouta Toro in Senegambia. Linguistic evidence shows that Fulfulde is related to Wolof and Serer, two other languages spoken in the same area. Such evidence often suggests a long historical relationship and a common source for both the languages and their speakers."

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Senegambia, probably in the northern river area of Futa Toro. The original Fulani may have descended from a pastoral group inhabiting the Western Sahara in the Chadian wet phase 5,000 to 10,000 years ago, before moving into the Mauritanian Adrar as the Sahara dried up. later they may have gradually filtered down to the lower and middle Senegal river Valley, the area known as Futa Toro, and intermarried with local groups. From Futa Toro, the Fulani most likel spread into the Sahel zone along the Senegal and Niger Rivers and then further east." Regards,

2542:

of those who follow the primitive african religions dosn't mean any thing except you 're biase against any thing related to islam for example in nubian section in wikepedia the editor said that their religion is islam and christianity althought there is no even a single christian among this nation and when talking about non muslim races which have muslim percentage even more than 10% of the nation you dont mention that islam is one of the religions practised by the people so what neutrality and what objectivity you are talking about in wikipedia?!!

4131:

eldest of these sons showed early, through various signs, that he was destined for great things. For example, from infancy he spoke an incomprehensible language that later developed into Fulfulde, the Fulani language...There is reason to believe the Fulani may have originated from the Fouta Toro in Senegambia. Linguistic evidence shows that Fulfulde is related to Wolof and Serer, two other languages spoken in the same area. Such evidence often suggests a long historical relationship and a common source for both the languages and their speakers."

200: 938: 546: 443: 1696:- one of the 26 or so noun classes) and generalizes it to all positions (noun, adjective; singular, plural; people, objects/animals). For example "a Fulbe mother" (from a Google search) is nonsense to me because Fulɓe is plural and mother (inna or nene ) is singular. And when you get to inanimate objects ("a Fulbe manuscript") that's another problem. And so on. You start by wanting to be authentic by using "Fulbe" in English, but end up using it in ways that the original term "Fulɓe" would never be used in. 4237:

popular basis for a number of your recent edits. You should be careful because in this case for example you are clearly wrong and either outright lying or being inexcusably careless (as quick glance of revision history past first page clearly shows the work of numerous editors like Bappah in deeply enriching article) and specifically role of Bappah in including photos. One hopes you will not delete other such material with similar unsubstantiated, unconfirmed and clearly inaccurate arguments.

1274: 914: 1186: 666: 1198: 1042: 834: 254: 233: 1226: 1054: 846: 690: 1106: 962: 1146: 702: 874: 1118: 974: 1250: 1158: 1082: 642: 886: 4912: 1002: 770: 806: 1014: 4190:

inhabiting the Western Sahara in the Chadian wet phase 5,000 to 10,000 years ago, before moving into the Mauritanian Adrar as the Sahara dried up. Later they may have gradually filtered down to the lower and middle Senegal River Valley, the area known as Futa Toro, and intermarried with local groups. From Futa Toro, the Fulani most likely spread into the Sahel zone along the Senegal and Niger Rivers and then further east."

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is simply not true. A worldwide figure of Fula people of 40 to 60 placed by one editor is AT LEAST three times the highest figure I can find from any source (17M, which is a contested figure, 10-12M is more common). Please do not repeat these edits. Apart from the CIA and UN demography figures (by nation) and the enthnologue language use figures (by language family and subgroup), see the slightly dated:

3443:

the ancestor of the Fulani. In some versions his brothers learn the new language, Fulfude from him and found the four great branches of the Fulani people. In others they become the ancestors of other, Negro populations of the country. In all its versions, this myth relates the racial affinities of the Fulani, their linguistic peculiarities and their historical role in the Western Sudan."

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them will differ depending on the source of the study is quite obvious. This is well-known to those with a basic grounding in African history. Considering the fact that the Fulani are estimated to be the second largest ethnic group in Africa after the Hausa, and are the largest nomadic group in the world this kind of accuracy and differentiation by region/nationality is key. Regards,

2914:) so I think it would be worthwhile to include as much as we can about them in summary. They and the other three largest groups in Africa definitely deserve a great deal of attention on Knowledge if only based on the numbers (Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa) so anything you can add would also be appreciated. I will also dig for more studies to include in the summary/synthesis. Regards, 324: 4101:

of the Fulani. In some versions his brothers learn the new language, Fulfude from him and found the four great branches of the Fulani people. In others they become the ancestors of other, Negro populations of the country. In all its versions, this myth relates the racial affinities of the Fulani, their linguistic peculiarities and their historical role in the Western Sudan."

1396:(another person speaking)Claiming that millions of Fulani were enslaved, is a complete exaggeration of numbers,they were often the sellers of slaves,not slaves themselves,there was a small amount of fulanis compared to other senegambain groups(from where fulani slaves were taken),some fulani became famous after slavery but because of their traits as scholars and learned men 3910::"Interestingly, within the Fulani pastoralist population as a whole, a differentiation of the groups from Niger is characterized by their high presence of R1b-M343 and E-. Moreover, the R1b-M343 is represented in our dataset exclusively in the Fulani group and our analyses infer a north-to-south African migration route during a recent past." 1579:

of the Fulani" seems to evoke quite a lot of speculation and perhaps a bit of chauvinism, but this article (and indeed all articles on ethnic groups) ought to have data from (for example) Cavalli Sforza's "The History and Geography of Human Genes". Cavalli-Sforza's data does not suggest some close kinship. 22:20, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

1393:

majority Fulani ancestry from many countries throughout Africa including Egypt and Kenya. There were millions of Fulani brought to the U.S. and enslaved. They were practicing Muslims from a pre-Mohammedan Islam developed by their ancestors. The history of their enslavement here in North America should be acknowledge.

4110:

Morro Suso, The Oral History of the Manding Empire (2003), p. 40, books.google.com/books?id=Qp0PAQAAMAAJ:"Another main version given about the origins of the Fula is that they originated in the lower basins of the Senegal and the Gambia as a result of a mixture between from the Sahara and the Wollof

4060:

Facts On File, Incorporated, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East (2009), p. 230, books.google.com/books?isbn=143812676X: "The Fulani are descended from both North Africans and sub-Saharan Africans. The earliest Fulani were nomadic cattle herders who traveled great distances with

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3422:

3330:

1893:

Everyone always writes that Fulani comes to English from Hausa without much verification or sourcing. However, Fulani is also the Bambara/Mande diminutive of Fula, the Mande word for Peuls (Fulani = Little Peul). This diminutive is slightly offensive (although sometimes just a joke) to Peuls in Mali.

5291:

Their population size is really underestimated, the 25-30 million estimates were 10+ years ago from unreliable outdated sources, regarding nomads who are know to move back and forth. Various sources have them between 40-50 million which would make sense, since they’re dispersed from Guinea to Sudan.

4870:. I agree that Christians are probably a very small minority in comparision to Muslims, and that the infobox should not be misleadning. But the fact that the Christian community is a minority should not make them irrelevant. Perhaps we can have a major/minor solution modelled after the infobox about 4315:

No evidence Amhara-Oromo studied were "Afro-Asiatic" HLA does not indicate that in way DNA may, source does not state "Afro-Asiatic" anywhere; it does state European however and "East African" (specifically Oromo and Amhara who although do speak Afro-Asiatic languages, due to WP:SYN issues that does

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Dickson Eyoh, Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century African History (2002), p. 228, books.google.com/books?isbn=0203986571:"The most important dialects of the language are: Tukulor, primarily spoken in northern Senegal...he major African languages related to Fulani are those of the West-Atlantic branch,

4149:

Facts On File, Incorporated, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East (2009), p. 230, books.google.com/books?isbn=143812676X: "he existence of the Fulani has been known for more than a thousand years...The cradle of the group in West Africa is in northern Senegal, where they settled

4100:

Derrick J. Stenning, Savannah Nomads: A Study of the Wodaabe Pastoral Fulani of Western Bornu (1959), p. 19, books.google.com/books?isbn=3894738782 "The myths of the Fulani themselves...often describe the marriage of a...Moor with a Negress which is blessed with children...This child is the ancestor

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Daniel Abwa, Boundaries and History in Africa (2013), p.6, books.google.com/books?isbn=9956791016:"Who are the Mbororo?There are conflicting historical versions as to the origin of the Fulani in general and Nomadic Fulani (Mbororo) in particular. However geomorphologists speculate that the long-horn

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Derrick J. Stenning, Savannah Nomads: A Study of the Wodaabe Pastoral Fulani of Western Bornu (1959), p. 19, books.google.com/books?isbn=3894738782 "The myths of the Fulani themselves...often describe the marriage of a Muslim Arab or Moor with a Negress which is blessed with children...This child is

2725:

There seems to be a lot of vandalism on this section, with claims the studies are dubious. What are the arguments for this? If people can please refrain from reverting until consensus is met. Maybe this page needs to be locked because the history of this page includes a lot of reverting/deletions on

2627:

Most studies of Fulani's in west africa show that over 70% of Fulani's carry the E1B1A E-V38 patrilineal marker. This is consistent with most west africans. Also the Fulani's northern origins do not suggest non african ancestry as many sub saharan african groups trace their ancestry to the central

2541:

whene you mention christianity in the religion section beside the african religions this is bullshit for me i mean its well known that there are less than 1000 fulani christians in a nation exceeds the 10000000 person , so considering them as an element in the nation alongside with the several 1000s

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show that the highly inflated figures inserted are entirely invented. The contention that Fula people make up the third largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, when even that nation's government put the figure at no more than %2, is simply fictional. That Fula form a majority in Cameroon and Nigeria

1687:

There is a fashion to use the "autonym" for language and people, and that on the one hand seems reasonable, but on the other also seems very impractical to implement across languages for various reasons (sound systems, familiarity and ease of existing terms, etc.). In the case of the Fulɓe one notes

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Elizabeth Berg, ‎Ruth Wan, ‎Ruth Lau, Senegal (2009), Page 62, books.google.com/books?isbn=0761444815:"Their nomadic ancestors are thought to have come from a region north of the Senegal River. They have gradually migrated south and east over the last 400 to 500 years. During this time the majority

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1578:

The main article's treatment of the origin of the Fulani is scientifically dubious, referring to physical similarity with ancient Egyptians, which may or may not mean anything. We've had -- for twenty years-- genetic markers which allow one to say with precision "who's related to whom". The "origin

1571:

During the 16th century the Fula expanded through the Sahelian grasslands stretching from what is today Senegal to Sudan. Their military strength centered on powerful cavalry that could quickly move across the large empire and defeat rivals, but the Fulani could not expand southwards, as the horses

4270:

I have left a note on that user's page regarding your selections: you have provided evidence of one picture possibly being copyrighted, although just as easily the person could have posted the photos on that site and on this site- you'very actually provided no evidence of a copyright violation. In

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ALL the photos were uploaded by Bappah as edit history clearly shows. Careful then in reverting items on the page by solely and with unconfirmed evidence arguing it was included by a banned user, like in this case as revision history clearly shows it was not. The revision history shows that is a

4080:

Neil Peart, The Masked Rider: Cycling in West Africa (2004), books.google.com/books?isbn=1554907136:"This was my first encounter with the Fulani people, a once nomadic tribe thought to be of North African descent, who had moved into the north of present-day Cameroon in the eleventh century, at the

3281:

Great, could you please summarize these studies and include them in the article as necessary noting the nationalities of the Fulani involved? I feel like the nomadic nature of the Fulani and the fact that they are found in over 15 African countries and as such the fact that the genetic studies for

2898:

One other thing, most Fulani do not have 40% West Eurasian ancestry. On average, they have about as much such ancestry as the Maasai. Most also don't carry the R1 paternal haplogroup; these are only the ones in Sudan that Hassan et al. actually tested. The Fulani in West Africa (i.e. the majority)

2611:

Yes, it is true the Fulani are only 8% Eurasian in mtDNA (maternal) but they are over 88% Eurasian in yDNA (paternal), which is fairly consistent with Fulani oral histories and sex-based patrilineal heritage of this historically nomadic group. Please see below and provide countervailing references

2508:

did any one notice that there is no population section in the main page?!! i mean is it possible that no one noticed that there is no any estimated figure for their population in the main page as if its a secondary issue!! althought i noticed that some one talking about changing the figure from 50

2113:

among Fulas and others in the countries they live in. (The section originally mentioned just the official languages but some time ago others were added.) I'm not aware that any other page on an ethnic group spends as much space itemizing other possible languages. Anyway, I'd be interested in other

1904:

Interesting point re Fula-ni, thanks for bringing it up. Actually one will encounter Fulan- (or Filan-) constructions in Hausa, and the British of course ruled much of Hausaland that the Fulas ruled before colonization. Re "Peul," I think that is confusing for English speakers since Fula/Fulani is

5059:

Claims of 'conquest' against almost every other ethnicity or nation - from Hausa to Biafra through to the UK, US, Mexico and NATO forces. Is this some kind of joke? None of the claims in the timeline have been backed up by second or third party sources. In fact no sources have been provided. How

5055:

This new sub-section appears to be yet another timeline of Fulani history called an 'Olig'. We already have a 'timeline' so why do we need another one?. I have no idea what the word 'Olig' means. In any case, I am very concerned with the boisterous and militant tone in this new section. A lot of

4189:

Carl Skutsch, Encyclopedia of the World's minorities, p. 474, books.google.com/books?isbn=1135193886 "Therefore, the modern Fulani and their language, Fulfulde, originated in Senegambia, probably in the northern river area of Futa Toro. The original Fulani may have descended from a pastoral group

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Pat Ikechukwu Ndukwe, Fulani (1996), p. 17-18, books.google.com/books?isbn=082391982X: "The Fulani themselves have their own beliefs about their origins. The most commonly held myth refers to the marriage of...Ukuba to an African woman from Fouta Toro. The marriage was blessed with four sons. The

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Toyin Folola, Health knowledge and belief systems in Africa (2008), p. 68, books.google.com/books?id=F8QPAQAAMAAJ:"The subject matter of bhuuri had important symbolic significance in Fulani life bcause bhuuri is thought to distinguish Fulani from their neighbors. Fulani believe they suffer bhuuri

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Pat Ikechukwu Ndukwe, Fulani (1996), p. 17-18, books.google.com/books?isbn=082391982X: "The Fulani themselves have their own beliefs about their origins. The most commonly held myth refers to the marriage of an Arab Muslim called Ukuba to an African woman from Fouta Toro. The marriage was blessed

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was also found present in the Fulani of Niger and Cameroon. ). One of the many references for origins and history I added: Carl Skutsch, Encyclopedia of the World's minorities, p. 474, books.google.com/books?isbn=1135193886 "Therefore, the modern Fulani and their language, Fulfulde, originated in

3078:

I have added some references regarding the historical origins of the Fulani per above. I will continue to add some more. Feel free to summarize these other genetic studies you have noted and include them in the article-please remember to note the region/nation of the Fulani involved or include a

2969:

Great, so I have changed it to this: "Genetic studies have found the Fulani to be largely a combination of Sub-Saharan African and Eurasian or North African lineages. With most of their Eurasian or North African heritage devolving paternally, this is consistent with the group's oral history of a

1567:

The ancient origins of the Fula people they are from a Semitic origin. According to the tradition, the ancestors of Fulani is Jacob son of Israel, son of Issac, son of Abraham When Jacob left Canaan and went to Egypt where who did not know about Joseph's fame in Egypt, came to power. He made the

3093:

As promised, I've added numerous supporting references to the well-known history and origins of the Fulani in Senegal as a result of interactions between North African and Sub-Saharan Africans in the article so please do not delete that section again.(Genetic studies have found the Fulani to be

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The V22 sub-clade of E1b1b is not solely North African as asserted. It has general Afro-Asiatic affinities, with notable frequencies in the Horn. The Hassan et al. paper notes this. The same applies to the Eurasian mtDNA lineages. Also, the Fulani's West Eurasian component has historically been

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Genetic and geomorphological studies have found the Fulani to be largely a combination of Sub-Saharan African and Eurasian or North African lineages. With most of their Eurasian or North African heritage devolving paternally, this is consistent with the group's oral history of a (largely male)

2755:

Also added: Overall the Fulani are approximately 48% Eurasian (Afrasian) and 52% Sub-Saharan African (Niger-Congo) from genetic testing. With most of their Eurasian (Afrasian) heritage devolving paternally, this is consistent with the group's oral history of a (largely male) nomadic migratory

4120:

Martin Ballard, Uthman Dan Fodio: Commander of the Faithful (1977), p. vii, books.google.com/books?id=CboJAQAAIAAJ: "After a time, however, Ukabu went away and left the mother with her children, and as the boys grew up they started speaking a new language among themselves. This was the Fulani

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Hassan, Hisham Y.; Underhill, Peter A.; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E. (2008), "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History" (PDF), American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137 (3): 316, doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876,

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Just catching up with this. I think that it might make sense to have separate articles for historical details on various parts of the territories lived in and and in some cases once ruled by Fulani. This article probably would then have discussion of general trends and very short introductory

1392:

I noticed that there is no mention of the enslavement of the Fulani groups to America. I left Niger last year to visit the ancestral home of my great-great-great grandfather. He was pure Fulani. He was captured and enslaved to America (Lousiana) by the French. My Mitochrondria DNA indicates a

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And as for R1b, it has been found in elevated numbers in the Fulani in Cameroon as well. Indeed, almost all the R1b found in Africa has in fact been found in the Fulani, which one must remember are found throughout West, northern Central and Sudanic Africa. That is another reason why a good

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means a non-Fulani African. What language group this refers to varies according to the place. In Nigeria and eastern Niger, this means a Hausa person, in western Niger this means a Zarma, in Burkina Faso a Mossi, in Mali a Dogon. There maybe some other variations in other places as well.

1822:(perhaps this weekend) to see what kind of echoes come back. Ultimately I'm a little leery of getting into a debate on the name in Knowledge, as there can be different positions and never a perfect solution - and whatever is done with this article will have repercussions for the 2740:

To the person who has a problem with this section please provide countervailing DNA evidence as to genetics--remember YDNA is paternal and mtDNA is maternal, so you would need sources showing BOTH as the Eurasian genes for the Fulani seem only to stem from the paternal side.

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Looking at this article and the article on Hausa people it seems there is an attempt to argue these people are "Hamitic" or at least not "true" blacks. It also seems to imply their features are "out of place" in west Africa. That is NOT the case! Look at this Igbo man

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largely a combination of Sub-Saharan African and Eurasian or North African lineages. With most of their Eurasian or North African heritage devolving paternally, this is consistent with the group's oral history of a (largely male) nomadic migratory population from

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It is most definitely not original research: anyone with any familiarity with African history or the Fulani is aware of the clear consensus on this issue. I will be adding multiple references right now. If you can hold off on deletion for a few minutes. Regards,

1894:

Could it be that English gets the term Fulani from the Mande languages instead? I propose (and always myself use) Peul, as it certainly doesn't derive from a Mande diminutive, but from the Peul language via French, and avoids the singular/plural problem of Fulbe.

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I would object to the characterisation of Egyptians as 'North African populations'. North Africa is a location, especially over longer periods of time. There has been a recent effort to misrepresent foreign mercenaries in Bab-El-Meleq as the 'true egyptians'.

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International Business Publications, Mali Foreign Policy and Government Guide - Volume 1 (2007), Page 52, books.google.com/books?isbn=1433032139: " suggesting the possibility that their ancestors migrated from the Middle East through North Africa to Senegal."

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1830:. One solution is to stay with the tatus quo; another is to pick the solution of a recognized scholar (like Arnott); another is to refer to what bibliographers use, etc. H-W-A at least will give us some expert opinions we probably wouldn't hear right here. -- 1498:

This article is about the ethnic group, not the language. Especially since the Fulani are a minority in the modern African countries they live in, taking the number of people who speak the language will undercut the true size of the population significantly.

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to an article of its own, taking in some of the distinctions of town/pastoral and the growth of the Toroobe clan (which is not short for town dwelling, but a specific clan that became source of sufi religious leaders). Objections, concers, offers of help?

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Hello, users keep vandalizing the Fulanis estimates such as Da5ft9, he removed Cameroon and Mauritania from the Fulani estimates. He’s a Yoruba man so he’s extremely biased this was not his first warning to stop tampering with population estimates.

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This sub-section adds nothing to the quality of this WP article. I recommend that it is deleted immediately unless 2nd/3rd party sources can be found. Some of these claims may be provocative or insulting to some readers. Urgent action is required.

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Toyin Folola, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria (2009), p. 135, books.google.com/books?isbn=0810863162: "Because the Fulani people historically were pastoralists, the language spread across West Africa from Senegal and east to Chad and northern

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All of this could get confusing. I would suggest staying with the main term used for headers and main articles so as not to disorient readers, but being clear about alternate uses and flexible about other references. It all revolves around

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Thanks. I agree that Fulani seems more familiar in most English language literature. On the other hand Fula (or Fulah, or I've even seen Fullah) are common in the west of West Africa. (I'll start another section to pursue the discussion.)

1530:, currently redirects here. I've seen occasional mention of "Fula speakers" in the south of Darfur, but don't have any idea how they fit with the rest of the group. If someone could offer some context, it would be much appreciated. - 4987: 3892:

Mulcare CA, et al.(2004) The T allele of a single-nucleotide polymorphism 13.9 kb upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) (C-13.9kbT) does not predict or cause the lactase-persistence phenotype in Africans. Am J Hum Genet 74:1102–1110,

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This page requires protection, it has continually been vandalised for a long time now. There are no significant fula populations in Cameroon as listed by the CIA and they also do not make up 53.2% of the population of Mauritania

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Emmanuel Neba Ndenecho, Decentralization and Spatial Rural Development Planning in Cameroon (2011), p. 23, books.google.com/books?isbn=9956717665:"The Fulani, a pastoral cattle-rearing people probably of north African origin..."

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L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza (1994). The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 169:"The third outlier is a minor cluster of Wolof, Serer, and Peul (from

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Yes, seriously. Someone should do something about that DNA section. It is ONE study, on ONE population, which is also very very small, and in an area remote from traditional Fula homelands. The generalization is ridiculous.

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link (i.e. the footnote in the paragraph above) doesn't indicate that the Fulani are "largely a combination of Sub-Saharan African and Eurasian or North African lineages" or any of the foregoing. This is original research.

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Good work on the name issue. In my experience, the name Fulani is more common in English than Fula. Would you agree? I'd propose a page move, but I'm mostly familiar with Nigerian and Anglophone Cameroonian usage. --

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their herds in search of water and pasture...he existence of the Fulani has been known for more than a thousand years...The cradle of the group in West Africa is in northern Senegal, where they settled in Futa Tora"

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Also, the 'ancient African populations' would be the Pygmy population. Bantu dna was present in Arabia and the Levant at the start of the Neolithic, which is where the Iberomaurussians picked up their Yoruba dna.

2704:

Yes, you're right. I don't know why this had not already been added. It is a very important piece of information. I will add the sources and citations when I am able to. Thank you for bringing attention to this.

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The article suggests that the Fulanis who have the last name Cisse are Fulanis by assimilation when in actuality, Cisse was a title given to the Arɓe who were the leaders in the Massina region and has ties with

2133:

Should not the first subject heading entitled "one person, many names" be changed to "one people, many names"? The former implies that Fulani in a single person, the latter implies that the Fulani are a people.

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Stanisław Piłaszewicz, Unwritten testimonies of the African past (1991), p.85,books.google.com/books?isbn=8323002622:"Let us mention that Fulbe traditions claim a North African origin of their forefathers."

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Sudan is considered as north African country (They are known to have heritage as far as North Africa such as Egypt where they most popularly originate from.) from where did u bring that????attach any proof

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Everything in this section now seems well sourced but if there any other users have any problems with any part of this section please bring it up in this talk page discussion before deleting it. Regards,

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Origins in Senegal DNA studies: "similarity among the Fulani, Serer, and Wolof (all from Senegal) is so strong that these three groups even form a discrete cluster (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994, p. 169)."

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The Toucouleur, who are a sedentary people, refer to themselves as Halpulaar ("Pulaar speakers") and to Peulh people (nomadic people who sometimes pass through Halpulaar towns) as Peulfulbey or Fulbey.

1951:. It also seems like it would be appropriate to have a category like "Fula history" - the only problem with that is that might be the need to reconcile with other history categories for the region. -- 1692:

in academic literature in English. This could be a third option for Knowledge. Personally I am not at all fond of it as it takes what in the Fula language is a nominal plural in the class for people (

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are the equivalents of Ba, So, and Bari, respectively. A full article could also discuss other names used among ethnically Fula and Fula-speaking peoples in various parts of West Africa and beyond.--

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Any proof that they exist in North Africa??as it says Egypt up there ,Egypt only has nubians and some Sudanese minorities but Fula are not Known at all in here either remove Egypt or bring a proof

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This page needs strict protection and WikiFan45TY keeps vandalizing it and my page calling me tribalistic, I'm not even Yoruba to start with. He keeps leaving threats on my page, this is serious

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this issue of genetics and origins. The studies below are very sound and closely support the oral histories, nomadic heritage, current demographic distribution in Africa and culture of the group.

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There could be a useful article on Fula family names. The usual starting point would be the four main ones, which are sometimes referred to as "clans" (though the term is doesn't fit well): 1)

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Andrew Burke, The Gambia & Senegal (2002), pp. 27-28, books.google.com/books?isbn=1740591372: "Although they look on the Futa Toro region in northern Senegal as their cultural homeland."

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language. Perhaps Ukabu and his sons only existed in the old men's stories, but it is certain that the Fulani were the product of intermarriage from the north and the inhabitants of Senegal."

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Andrew Burke, The Gambia & Senegal (2002), pp. 27-28, books.google.com/books?isbn=1740591372: "Although they look on the Futa Toro region in northern Senegal as their cultural homeland."

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language. Perhaps Ukabu and his sons only existed in the old men's stories, but it is certain that the Fulani were the product of intermarriage from the north and the inhabitants of Senegal."

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In contrast, maternally the Fulani largely cluster with other Niger-Congo peoples with only 8.1% of the mtDNA lineages associated with Eurasian or North African peoples (J1b, U5, H, and V):

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Not sure how this will play out, but I post this anticipating that the question will come up and there will be a discussion about it. In the meantime there is plenty to do on the content. --

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In contrast, maternally the Fulani largely cluster with other Niger-Congo peoples with only 8.1% of the mtDNA lineages associated with Afro-Asiatic or Eurasian peoples (J1b, U5, H, and V):

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What is going on with this page I noticed da5ft9 edits aren’t helpful and he has a record of messing with population numbers. I believe he is very biased when talks of population numbers.

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This doesn't list Fuuta Jallon ("Guinean Pulaar" colloquially) as a Senegalese langauge, but it's the dominant language in Kedougou, Senegal's Southeastern region and one of its largest.

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Cerný V, Hájek M, Bromová M, Cmejla R, Diallo I, Brdicka R., MtDNA of Fulani nomads and their genetic relationships to neighboring sedentary populations. Hum Biol. 2006 Feb;78(1):9-27.

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Cerný V, Hájek M, Bromová M, Cmejla R, Diallo I, Brdicka R., MtDNA of Fulani nomads and their genetic relationships to neighboring sedentary populations. Hum Biol. 2006 Feb;78(1):9-27.

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Cerný V, Hájek M, Bromová M, Cmejla R, Diallo I, Brdicka R., MtDNA of Fulani nomads and their genetic relationships to neighboring sedentary populations. Hum Biol. 2006 Feb;78(1):9-27.

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Cerný V, Hájek M, Bromová M, Cmejla R, Diallo I, Brdicka R., MtDNA of Fulani nomads and their genetic relationships to neighboring sedentary populations. Hum Biol. 2006 Feb;78(1):9-27.

1986:

I just did some revisions of the presentation of the names of the people in the beginning of the article. This is a somewhat complex subject in itself, but it all derives from the root

2944:

That sounds plausible. Do you have a link for the R1b in Cameroon? Also, I just checked the Facts on File link, and it doesn't indicate that the Fulani have 40% West Eurasian ancestry

2026:; a noe on etymology as I think this is important to proposed use of derivations in English: it is a plural noun in the "ɓe" class, which is for plurals of people (hence for instance 5033: 2750: 2735: 2248: 5514: 4808: 4804: 4678: 4674: 4546: 4542: 5016: 3906:

Jana Bučková et al., Multiple and differentiated contributions to the male gene pool of pastoral and farmer populations of the African Sahel. AJPA 2013, doi:10.1002/ajpa.22236.

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Dude why did you remove Mauritania and Cameroon from the Fulani estimate, your tribalism is showing. You just vandalized an entire wiki page. What’s wrong with you honestly.

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already in the language. Among other things, it leads to a misunderstanding that there is some basic difference between "Peul" and "Fula(ni)" (or for that matter "Fulbe").--

4324:

Etc. please take care to use specific quotes from study as you can or otherwise try to avoid similar WP:SYN which introduces inaccuracies and misrepresentations of study.

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So, in the absence of any more authoritative population estimates, I'm going to change the population figure on the page to 10–13 million, citing Ndukwe and Ethnologue. —

2205: 1325: 4296: 2244: 2201: 147: 5609: 5424:"Their ethnogenesis likely arose as a result of interactions between an ancient West African population and North African populations such as Berbers or Egyptians." 2646: 760: 4444:. As this will almost certainly result in the removal of the "genetics" section from this article, I'd encourage any contributors to voice their opinions there. -- 3010:) 18:24, 24 December 2013 (UTC)Let me know if you need more sources for the last section of the above before you delete it again, as I can find hundreds. Regards, 4640: 2579: 2001:; linguist David Arnott suggested using this name in English for the language, but in Knowledge it is used for both the people and the language for consistency 304: 5614: 5006: 4776: 2635:. ^ Jump up to: a b International Society of Genetic Genealogy (3 February 2010). "Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2010". Retrieved 17 December 2010. 2550: 2517: 1534: 5435:

DNA Tribes: “In the Arabian Peninsula, EEF farmers mixed with ancestral Sub-Saharan Africans related to modern Nigerian, Gambian, and Botswanan populations."

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quote noting that (like the two present), as the Fulani are found in over 15 countries in Africa as they are the largest nomadic group in the world. Regards,

5410: 5001: 4441: 4504: 2810: 407: 380: 370: 3002:. " Deleting the entire history section which was sourced was wholly unnecessary and I would even call it a type of vandalism, but in any case. Regards, 2621: 4902: 2650: 2605: 1684:

for the people. That might be a solution here, but I'd suggest not doing so at least at the moment until more info can be gathered and opinions sounded.

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section has a list of other languages that Fulas might speak by country. I'm wondering if this is at all necessary. People in the region generally are

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If the Fulani are mixed because they have R1b, all of Africa is mixed. The article makes it seem like they are "Hamitic caucasoids" when they are not

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cattle Fulani originated from the North African littoral and much of what is now Sahara grass-covered Savannah lands in comparatively recent times."

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people predominate, ultimately leading to the ethnogenesis of the Fulani culture, language and people before subsequent expansion throughout much of

3675:) neighbors over hundreds of years of cultural, demographic and genetic interaction. This genetic and cultural interaction most probably occurred in 3122:

people predominate, ultimately leading to the ethnogenesis of the Fulani culture, language and people before subsequent expansion throughout much of

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people predominate, ultimately leading to the ethnogenesis of the Fulani culture, language and people before subsequent expansion throughout much of

2982:) neighbors over hundreds of years of cultural, demographic and genetic interaction. This genetic and cultural interaction most probably occurred in 1731:. For the moment I think Fula (which also exists in English) as it is in Knowledge is workable and shouldn't be changed without some consideration. 1531: 385: 375: 1672:

The question (from above) about the term to use in English for the Fulɓe is somewhat complicated. Note a discussion re the name for the language at

1399: 5406: 4888: 3826:"Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages" 3544:"Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages" 4051:

because they are a people who come from North Africa or the Sahara. Consequently they are more vulnerable to the humidity of sub-Saharan Africa."

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was also found present in the Fulani of Niger and Cameroon. Other studies of the Fulani from Cameroon and Niger have confirmed these findings.

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sound; personally I don't like this because it (1) sounds wrong and (2) does not fit well in the range of uses it would be applied to in English (

612: 5539: 5306: 1895: 294: 269:, nationalities, and other cultural identities on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join 5684: 5458: 5270: 4367: 2326: 928: 755: 465: 4766: 4756: 2574:

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F16900879&ei=oTeIUL_rBMPoigKxhoCQDA&usg=AFQjCNGFCPWVEyjeyvNjiJqD4T9TvxeZmQ They are only 8% north african.

2016:; David Arnott suggested using this name in English for the people; this is also used in this article and as an adjective in other WP articles 5804: 5579: 5448: 4940: 1667: 1216: 680: 420: 4494: 3135: 3088: 5699: 3291: 3190: 3073: 3050: 3019: 2956: 2939: 2780:

people predominate), leading to the ethnogenesis of the Fulani culture, language and people before subsequent expansion throughout much of

1928:, which is a bit of a mess (and redirects to "Fulani Empire". To quote Nelson Muntz, "I can think of two things wrong with that title"). 952: 5744: 5689: 5544: 4257: 1072: 4948: 4420:

This article needs a lot of work. There is a bit that is good there, but a lot missing and some errors. I wish I could rate it higher.--

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Cruciani; Trombetta, B; Sellitto, D; Massaia, A; Destro-Bisol, G; Watson, E; Beraud Colomb, E; Dugoujon, JM; Moral, P; et al. (2010).

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Cruciani; Trombetta, B; Sellitto, D; Massaia, A; Destro-Bisol, G; Watson, E; Beraud Colomb, E; Dugoujon, JM; Moral, P; et al. (2010).

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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

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https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215317/http://www.missionafrica.org.uk/ministries/14/engaging-the-nomadic-fulani-in-nigeria

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I Added a few more references and the study showing R1b in Cameroon and Niger (Elevated levels of the West Eurasian Haplogroup

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I don't find the photo very as there's nothing that identify these women as Fula. In many country they wear coins in the hair

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Overall the Fulani are approximately 48% Eurasian (Afrasian) and 52% Sub-Saharan African (Niger-Congo) from genetic testing.

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https://web.archive.org/web/20140201214847/http://www.punchng.com/news/senators-fight-over-grazing-land-for-fulani-herdsmen/

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https://web.archive.org/web/20071002090950/http://condor.depaul.edu:80/~mdelance/CameroonCultures/FulbeBibliography.html

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This from Section 1, Chapt 6 in Topics in West African History by Adu Boahen, Jacob F. Ade Ajayi, Michael Tidy (1987). :

135: 5854: 5734: 5629: 5589: 4644: 4340: 4253: 3737: 1603: 1211: 675: 517: 457: 30: 2562: 5784: 5769: 5709: 4731: 4599: 4226: 2714: 1792:. I agree with you that more opinions would be good. But my vote at the moment is for Fulani, second choice Fulbe. — 1638: 1595: 947: 578: 489: 4780: 4748: 4616: 4486: 4375: 5664: 5649: 5549: 4363: 1067: 501: 3649: 2529: 5829: 5814: 5754: 5634: 5559: 5504: 4469: 4312:

just as important observation from study as Amhara-Oromo connection that was quote-mined and given undue emphasis

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of the article was created by an anonymous editor, so we won't be stepping on any toes if we move the article. —

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An anonymous editor with a roving IP keeps trying to change the population info to 50 million. Until a source is

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to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the

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to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the

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to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the

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I just tinkered with the opening and the discussion of the tradition and history - but a lot of work is needed:

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The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion:

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Genetics Section- Please Do Not Revert YDNA (Paternal) and mtDNA (Maternal) Section Without Reaching Consensus

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Nigerian civil wars - Fulani emerge as victors in a hegemonic war with U.K., U.S. and Mexico(Yucatan-Gulf).

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Fulani Hausa Olig establish control of Northern Nigeria, South Niger and TChad (Bornu, Kanem and Shuwara).

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https://web.archive.org/web/20140220154616/http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=1&linksPage=184

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https://web.archive.org/web/20121122114622/http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=2&linksPage=219

4721: 4589: 4012: 3409: 1475:(1991, 1995, 2002). Adding these up, we get a total of 11,812,330 speakers of various versions of Fulfulde. 1349:

Fulani were good but they defeated Hausaland because they thought that they needed to follow it completely

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https://web.archive.org/web/20140220110353/https://centre.icddrb.org/images/jhpn211_knowledge_methods.pdf

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If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with

4696:

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4564:

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3239:

According to Rosa et al. (2007), the Fula/Fulani/Fulbe have 70%+ frequencies of the paternal haplogroup

2673:, and perhaps other spellings (French & English orgthographies make the difference among these); 2) 1990:

which whatever its original meaning is linked to the people and their culture. So here is what we have:

1537: 125: 5301: 4883: 4867: 4747:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit 4615:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit 4485:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit 4399: 1429: 1283: 1027: 779: 529: 497: 469: 2768:) neighbors over hundreds of years of cultural, demographic and genetic interaction (most probably in 2283:

Africa, that members of any minority will speak other languages of the societies in which they live.--

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the Israeli officer ibrahima barry is unknown and maybe non-existent famous fula political activist.

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The page on Adamawa Fulfulde also says that there are "Possibly 13,000,000 speakers of all Fulfulde."

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There are approximately 900,000 Fulani people in Mauritania, inhabiting mainly the southern region.

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The so called "west eurasian" haplogroup r1b is found through out Africa even in southern Africa.

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actually mainly have the same E3a/E1b1a haplogroup as most other Niger-Cango-speaking groups there

2892: 2746: 2731: 2617: 2536: 2413: 2292: 1439:(1996) says that their numbers are estimated at 10 million. Ethnologue reports 886,700 speakers of 175: 5063:

I have reproduced the timeline below. Please note that the bold letters/words are my annotations.

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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template

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before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template

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before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template

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Accuracy re history (they spread before the 16th century, and Islam was not a factor until later

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Can someone please make sense of these? I'm having a difficult time figuring out what's what.

1707:

would work for broader education about the people in the context of African studies outreach.

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by Pat I. Ndukwe, so it's quite possible. Unfortunately, Ndukwe gives no more information. —

219: 2149:) feels a very justified pride in his/her ethnic background, a quick look at the references 4939:

Under the photo of the woman carrying milk and yogurt. Change from "hawking" to "selling".

4834: 4704: 4572: 4328: 4241: 3959: 3667:, then culturally integrating with, marrying women from, and taking the language of their 3356: 2638: 2593: 2546: 2513: 2503: 2488: 2307: 2236: 2193: 1583: 1317: 8: 4625:

https://web.archive.org/web/20150610032236/http://dagris.ilri.cgiar.org/display.asp?ID=77

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have been found to have over 88% paternal West Eurasian or North African lineages: 53.8%

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http://www.africa-confidential.com/uploads/whos_who/53b5fc10e7ed4f25ba4fb2dcd2a1e4c8.jpg

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then culturally integrating with, marrying women from, and taking the language of their

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then culturally integrating with, marrying women from, and taking the language of their

2760:

then culturally integrating with, marrying women from, and taking the language of their

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The one source I have that discusses all Fulani (rather than just those of Cameroon) is

5286: 5050: 4969: 4879: 4793:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by 4663:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by 4531:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by 4432:

Last edited at 01:34, 4 December 2006 (UTC). Substituted at 15:41, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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apparently picked them off the internet, and then colorized and uploaded them (e.g. ).

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http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2009/04/30/1172257.DC1/Tishkoff.SOM_REVISED.pdf

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the resource said that they might be originated from north Africa and didn't say Egypt,

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If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with

4703:

If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with

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If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with

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https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-ethnic-composition-of-mauritania.html

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Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion

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not allow the wording previously used as it is not actually found in original source.

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that would be spoken by some or many Fulas (appended below). It is fairly obvious in

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http://www.missionafrica.org.uk/ministries/14/engaging-the-nomadic-fulani-in-nigeria

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for the "town Fulani". Note that Knowledge's article on the Bororo is currently at

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What's the link to "pullo" intended to be in the intro? Can anyone clarify it? --

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do (although historically more recent) and no one suggests we should start saying

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http://www.punchng.com/news/senators-fight-over-grazing-land-for-fulani-herdsmen/

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http://www.academia.edu/1898548/Possible_African_Origin_of_Y-Chromosome_R1_-M173

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subsections with "Main article" links out. For an example of this approach see

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for the "cattle" and "town" Fulani respectively but offers the alternatives of

1422: 1163: 1123: 979: 937: 5469: 4799:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than 4669:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than 4537:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than 3932: 3920: 3812: 3792: 2869: 2857: 2845: 2040:- same as the above, but in the orthography used in Guinea until the mid-1980s 1612:

More on the role of Fulas as herders (interactions with sedentary populations)

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not " significantly different" from Mossi- source only says "differentiated"

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Was this not a war between the Nigerian state and the secessionist Biafrans?

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Included full quotations from source to avoid WP:SYN and errors by editors:

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Articles about ethnic groups that currently have issues needing resolution:

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Fulani Expel BIg Oil Companies from Niger Delta (BP, Shell & Chevron).

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https://web.archive.org/web/20090417004128/http://peeral.com:80/saggitorde/

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by Pat I. Ndukwe. He seems to agree with your assessment and suggests that

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The Jihad states section is one of the stronger, but needs some cleaning up

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http://condor.depaul.edu/~mdelance/CameroonCultures/FulbeBibliography.html

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http://condor.depaul.edu/~mdelance/CameroonCultures/FulbeBibliography.html

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Most of the images on the page appear to be copyrighted files. The banned

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Resolve the disparity in importance rankings among different ethnic groups

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Nigeria is involved Bokassa Invasion by Dutch and American mercenaries.

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million to (10 to 13) but neither which is found in the main page!!!!

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in which I moved the section on jihad states. See discussion there.--

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Any proof that they exist in North Africa??as it says Egypt up there

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Should sections on genetics be removed from pages on ethnic groups?

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I added information about Christian Fulani, which was reverted in

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929707628377

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Young Fulani woman in her Masters degree graduation portrait.jpg

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http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=1&linksPage=184

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http://www.jamtan.com/jamtan/fulani.cfm?chap=2&linksPage=219

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http://www.afshg.org/AfSHG2009_Final_Programme_Abstract_Book.pdf

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Knowledge level-5 vital articles in Society and social sciences

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Note: the above seems to be content, not really "discussion".

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https://centre.icddrb.org/images/jhpn211_knowledge_methods.pdf

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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.22236/abstract

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associated with either the Horn or North Africa. For example:

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Fulani cities (Bauchu, Jos, Maiduguri, Markurdi, Uyi) refuse

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Boka Haram is defeated along with N.A.TO. forces affiliates.

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For editors interested, there's an RfC currently being held:

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outrageous claims are being made - some are even offensive.

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According to a study by Hassan et al. (2008), the Fulani in

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is the Fulani's own name for themselves. He gives the names

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Gambia and BF Fulani both probably share ancestors----: -->

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for additional information. I made the following changes:

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for additional information. I made the following changes:

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for additional information. I made the following changes:

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There is nothing about any of this in the source provided

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does any of this contribute to an encyclopedic article?

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Fulani young woman seen milking a cow (Macina, Mali).jpg

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Knowledge vital articles in Society and social sciences

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While I might assume whomever made these edits (and to

2109:. It might make more sense to have a short sentence on 1874:

relgious leaders who led the first Fulani Jihad States.

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B-Class vital articles in Society and social sciences

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The Fulani are NOT berbers, arabs, and/or caucasoids!

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was a clan of town Fula who became the source of the

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could not withstand the diseases of those latitudes.

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from Yorubaland. Bornu state puts on new candidate.

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Knowledge:WikiProject Ethnic groups/Article requests

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Category:Ethnic groups articles needing reassessment

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Category:Ethnic groups articles needing merge action

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What does this have to do with Fulani specifically?

4803:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors 4673:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors 4541:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors 2160:

Ethnic groups worldwide: a ready reference handbook

1711:especially exists already in English much as, say, 1676:. The British scholar David Arnott suggested using 5129:Nigerian Independence & African Commonwealth. 5017:Young Fulani bride and groom from Sierra Leone.jpg 4297:WP:SYN and inaccurate summaries by editor-Genetics 5027:Young adolescent Fulani girls from the Gambia.jpg 2970:(largely male) nomadic migratory population from 386:Category:Ethnic groups articles needing attention 376:Category:Ethnic groups articles needing infoboxes 5610:Top-importance Central African Republic articles 5496: 33:for general discussion of the article's subject. 5405:scholarship. A link to the source is provided. 4997:A Fula Elderly in Banankoro Keroune, Guinea.jpg 4410:, and are posted here for posterity. Following 4061:their herds in search of water and pasture..." 5032:Participate in the deletion discussion at the 4789:This message was posted before February 2018. 4659:This message was posted before February 2018. 4629:http://dagris.ilri.cgiar.org/display.asp?ID=77 4527:This message was posted before February 2018. 5615:WikiProject Central African Republic articles 4404:The comment(s) below were originally left at 1931:So that leads me here. I'd like to spin off 1630:Language is another article and another issue 352:of articles within the scope of this project. 174: 5307:Continued vandalism and figures exaggeration 3817: 3679:, where the closely linguistically related 3535: 3110:, where the closely linguistically related 5470:https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/fub/ 5144:When did Fula defeat the UK, US and Mexico? 4903:Semi-protected edit request on 9 March 2020 3933:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690087/ 3921:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690087/ 3813:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18618658 3793:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18618658 2986:, where the closely linguistically related 2870:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690087/ 2858:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690087/ 2846:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18618658 2772:, where the closely linguistically related 1425:, I will continue to revert this change. — 5212:When were NATO forces defeated in Nigeria? 2255:I want to know where this theory is from. 366:Category:Unassessed Ethnic groups articles 5605:B-Class Central African Republic articles 5116:Adamawa and Bornu Fulani African States. 5007:Fulani children in traditional attire.jpg 4739:I have just modified 3 external links on 4607:I have just modified 4 external links on 4477:I have just modified 3 external links on 3978: 3848: 3566: 3375: 5002:A Fulani girl with albinism (Guinea).jpg 4889:Demographic data in the infobox and lead 3943: 3340: 1471:(1991, 2002), and 3,244,020 speakers of 5461:The cited sources quote the following. 5454:Fula population in Sudan and Mauritania 5441:2001:1C00:1E20:D900:ECF0:BFF9:9FD6:51C5 5223:War breaks out in Niger and Hausaland. 2483:, particularly Krio, the lingua franca. 1543:There are Fulani in Sudan according to 1367:Removed link pending clarification. -- 188: 5540:High-importance Ethnic groups articles 5497: 5186:What does this have to do with Fulani? 2114:thoughts before making that change. -- 1752:is the most widespread name, and that 5685:Top-importance Guinea-Bissau articles 3642:Elevated levels of the West Eurasian 2947:(not saying that it's not possible). 2162:. Greenwood Publishing Group, (1998) 2068:, but sometimes also used in English 1668:Name for the (people and the) section 1443:(various years), 180,000 speakers of 1435:Just an added note: Pat I. Ndukwe in 316:WikiProject Ethnic groups open tasks: 5805:Top-importance Sierra Leone articles 5580:Top-importance Burkina Faso articles 2004:Fulah or Foulah are variants of this 1674:Knowledge:WikiProject_Languages/Fula 756:WikiProject Central African Republic 567:This article is within the scope of 259:This article is within the scope of 184: 5700:Top-importance Ivory Coast articles 5439:: DNA Tribes Digest April 2, 2014. 4081:height of the great Fulani Empire." 2785: 2071:Peuhl or Peulh are variants of this 1388:Slavery of Fulani Groups to America 279:Knowledge:WikiProject Ethnic groups 218:It is of interest to the following 23:for discussing improvements to the 13: 5745:Top-importance Mauritania articles 5690:WikiProject Guinea-Bissau articles 5545:WikiProject Ethnic groups articles 3830:European Journal of Human Genetics 3663:nomadic migratory population from 3548:European Journal of Human Genetics 2103:Fula people#Culture & Language 1699:In some ways Arnott's solution of 1634:And that's just for starters... -- 1451:(1993, 2002), 450,000 speakers of 1272: 1248: 1224: 1184: 1144: 1104: 1080: 1040: 1000: 960: 936: 912: 872: 832: 792: 768: 728: 688: 664: 640: 282:Template:WikiProject Ethnic groups 14: 5871: 5810:WikiProject Sierra Leone articles 5585:WikiProject Burkina Faso articles 5173:Where is the source for this one? 4743:. Please take a moment to review 4611:. Please take a moment to review 4481:. Please take a moment to review 4412:several discussions in past years 2479:and some indigenous languages in 1916:Spinning off Fulani Jihad States? 5705:WikiProject Ivory Coast articles 5595:Top-importance Cameroon articles 5510:Knowledge level-5 vital articles 4955: 4910: 4519:http://www.peeral.com/saggitorde 2657:Fula surnames & "clan" names 1965:I just set up a stub article as 1467:(1998-9), 2,915,784 speakers of 1196: 1156: 1116: 1052: 1012: 972: 884: 844: 804: 740: 700: 554: 544: 441: 322: 252: 231: 198: 189: 45:Click here to start a new topic. 5790:Top-importance Senegal articles 5775:Top-importance Nigeria articles 5750:WikiProject Mauritania articles 5715:Top-importance Liberia articles 5263: 5184:Nigeria is Expelled from OPEC. 4649:Corrected formatting/usage for 4633:Corrected formatting/usage for 4193: 4183: 4173: 4163: 4153: 4143: 4134: 4124: 4114: 4104: 4094: 4084: 4074: 4064: 4054: 4044: 4034: 4024: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3900: 3886: 3797: 3777: 3525: 3515: 3505: 3495: 3485: 3475: 3466: 3456: 748:Central African Republic portal 607:This article has been rated as 299:This article has been rated as 5680:B-Class Guinea-Bissau articles 5670:Top-importance Guinea articles 5655:Top-importance Gambia articles 5555:Top-importance Africa articles 5535:B-Class Ethnic groups articles 5520:B-Class level-5 vital articles 5302:12:23, 27 September 2023 (UTC) 5197:Boka Haram attack Fulaniland, 5105:How so, where's the reference? 4436:Genetics for ethnic groups RfC 4170:especially Wolof and Seereer." 3512:especially Wolof and Seereer." 3446: 3436: 3426: 3416: 3334: 3324: 2862: 2850: 2830: 2141:Recent highly inflated figures 2064:- in French, derived from the 1826:article, about which there is 1768:) is German. Ndukwe says that 1463:(2000), 1,180,000 speakers of 1459:(1991), 1,707,926 speakers of 1453:Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde 1: 5835:Top-importance Sudan articles 5820:Top-importance Ghana articles 5800:B-Class Sierra Leone articles 5760:Top-importance Niger articles 5640:Mid-importance Egypt articles 5600:WikiProject Cameroon articles 5575:B-Class Burkina Faso articles 5565:Top-importance Benin articles 5415:11:05, 14 November 2023 (UTC) 4651:http://peeral.com/saggitorde/ 3738:00:51, 25 December 2013 (UTC) 3292:18:54, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3255:18:42, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3235:18:39, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3220:18:37, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3191:22:14, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3136:21:24, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3089:19:07, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3074:18:32, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3051:18:29, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 3020:18:25, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 2957:18:18, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 2940:18:07, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 2924:18:05, 24 December 2013 (UTC) 2751:17:19, 12 December 2013 (UTC) 2736:17:13, 12 December 2013 (UTC) 2699:15:32, 26 February 2013 (UTC) 2651:20:43, 22 December 2013 (UTC) 2622:17:29, 12 December 2013 (UTC) 2606:21:41, 11 December 2013 (UTC) 2293:16:42, 24 November 2010 (UTC) 2129:Correction to subject heading 2092:01:15, 26 November 2007 (UTC) 1961:00:44, 26 November 2007 (UTC) 1854:gives these distinctions as 1281:This article is supported by 1257:This article is supported by 1233:This article is supported by 1209:This article is supported by 1169:This article is supported by 1129:This article is supported by 1089:This article is supported by 1065:This article is supported by 1025:This article is supported by 985:This article is supported by 945:This article is supported by 921:This article is supported by 897:This article is supported by 857:This article is supported by 817:This article is supported by 777:This article is supported by 753:This article is supported by 713:This article is supported by 673:This article is supported by 649:This article is supported by 581:and see a list of open tasks. 273:and see a list of open tasks. 42:Put new text under old text. 5850:Top-importance Togo articles 5795:WikiProject Senegal articles 5780:WikiProject Nigeria articles 5730:Top-importance Mali articles 5720:WikiProject Liberia articles 5695:B-Class Ivory Coast articles 5625:Top-importance Chad articles 5391:22:01, 14 October 2023 (UTC) 5372:04:24, 14 October 2023 (UTC) 5351:05:06, 14 October 2023 (UTC) 5337:04:26, 14 October 2023 (UTC) 5322:03:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC) 5199:Where exactly is Fulaniland? 5084:Dubious - citations required 5046:11:08, 4 February 2022 (UTC) 4898:18:30, 15 October 2019 (UTC) 4857:02:28, 6 December 2017 (UTC) 4425:01:34, 4 December 2006 (UTC) 4345:09:08, 22 January 2014 (UTC) 4281:09:45, 22 January 2014 (UTC) 4258:09:10, 22 January 2014 (UTC) 4227:16:57, 21 January 2014 (UTC) 4160:of Fulani became sedentary" 3502:of Fulani became sedentary" 2715:05:26, 8 November 2023 (UTC) 2584:18:54, 24 October 2012 (UTC) 2265:05:28, 8 November 2023 (UTC) 2222:05:30, 8 November 2023 (UTC) 2124:04:16, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 2022:- the name of the people in 1974:17:19, 2 December 2007 (UTC) 1910:14:56, 2 December 2007 (UTC) 1899:06:21, 22 October 2007 (UTC) 1835:18:00, 8 December 2006 (UTC) 1814:08:32, 7 December 2006 (UTC) 1797:08:29, 7 December 2006 (UTC) 1739:21:14, 6 December 2006 (UTC) 1660:21:13, 6 December 2006 (UTC) 1650:05:41, 4 December 2006 (UTC) 1639:01:31, 4 December 2006 (UTC) 1552:09:14, 31 October 2006 (UTC) 1538:01:46, 31 October 2006 (UTC) 1447:(1996), 328,200 speakers of 587:Knowledge:WikiProject Africa 7: 5860:WikiProject Africa articles 5740:B-Class Mauritania articles 5675:WikiProject Guinea articles 5660:WikiProject Gambia articles 4933:to reactivate your request. 4921:has been answered. Set the 4727:18:29, 8 October 2017 (UTC) 4595:05:51, 6 January 2017 (UTC) 3873:Explicit use of et al. in: 3626:(West Eurasian) and 34.62% 3591:Explicit use of et al. in: 2793:tag is missing the closing 2277:second/additional languages 1818:Let me put the question to 1404:refers to the Hausa people. 1372:22:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC) 1362:16:25, 19 August 2005 (UTC) 590:Template:WikiProject Africa 50:New to Knowledge? Welcome! 10: 5876: 5840:WikiProject Sudan articles 5825:WikiProject Ghana articles 5765:WikiProject Niger articles 5645:WikiProject Egypt articles 5570:WikiProject Benin articles 5253:18:16, 06 March 2023 (UTC) 4884:20:01, 28 March 2019 (UTC) 4820:(last update: 5 June 2024) 4736:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 4690:(last update: 5 June 2024) 4604:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 4558:(last update: 5 June 2024) 4474:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 4465:20:04, 30 April 2016 (UTC) 4376:16:53, 10 March 2014 (UTC) 3453:Wollof and Serer peoples." 1604:Huge amount of work needed 613:project's importance scale 305:project's importance scale 5855:WikiProject Togo articles 5735:WikiProject Mali articles 5630:WikiProject Chad articles 5590:B-Class Cameroon articles 5491:00:27, 15 July 2024 (UTC) 5449:03:11, 19 June 2024 (UTC) 5420:North African Populations 4982:23:24, 9 March 2020 (UTC) 4949:21:27, 9 March 2020 (UTC) 4419: 4407:Talk:Fula people/Comments 4395:05:49, 1 March 2015 (UTC) 2563:17:32, 17 July 2011 (UTC) 2530:16:39, 17 July 2011 (UTC) 2489:Other Nigerian languagess 2249:13:55, 19 July 2010 (UTC) 2206:13:47, 19 July 2010 (UTC) 1920:I was trying to clean up 1490:15:20, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1430:14:58, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1380:is the singular word for 1339:13:39, 23 Aug 2003 (UTC) 1330:08:37, 22 June 2016 (UTC) 1280: 1256: 1232: 1192: 1152: 1112: 1088: 1048: 1008: 968: 944: 924:WikiProject Guinea-Bissau 920: 880: 840: 800: 776: 736: 696: 672: 648: 623: 619: 606: 539: 329:WikiProject Ethnic groups 311: 298: 262:WikiProject Ethnic groups 247: 226: 80:Be welcoming to newcomers 5785:B-Class Senegal articles 5770:B-Class Nigeria articles 5710:B-Class Liberia articles 3958:(5930): Supplement, 16. 2414:Central African Republic 2181:01:00, 6 June 2009 (UTC) 1941:14:14, 5 July 2007 (UTC) 1882:14:24, 5 July 2007 (UTC) 1756:is preferred in French. 1509:23:16, 9 June 2009 (UTC) 1212:WikiProject Sierra Leone 676:WikiProject Burkina Faso 466:Central African Republic 5665:B-Class Guinea articles 5650:B-Class Gambia articles 5550:B-Class Africa articles 5465:204,000 in Sudan (2017) 4732:External links modified 4600:External links modified 4470:External links modified 3972:10.1126/science.1172257 3369:10.1126/science.1172257 948:WikiProject Ivory Coast 624:Associated task forces: 5830:B-Class Sudan articles 5815:B-Class Ghana articles 5755:B-Class Niger articles 5635:B-Class Egypt articles 5560:B-Class Benin articles 5505:B-Class vital articles 5118:What is this, exactly? 4381:who is ibrahima barry? 4353:The Fulani are blacks! 3660: 3640: 2896: 2151:already in the article 2097:Other languages spoken 1805:One further note: The 1465:Western Niger Fulfulde 1455:, 919,700 speakers of 1277: 1253: 1229: 1189: 1149: 1109: 1085: 1068:WikiProject Mauritania 1045: 1005: 965: 941: 917: 877: 837: 797: 773: 733: 693: 669: 645: 285:Ethnic groups articles 75:avoid personal attacks 5845:B-Class Togo articles 5725:B-Class Mali articles 5620:B-Class Chad articles 4966:wikt:hawk#Etymology 3 3944:Tishkoff, SA (2009). 3842:10.1038/ejhg.2009.231 3656: 3636: 3560:10.1038/ejhg.2009.231 3341:Tishkoff, SA (2009). 2887: 1680:for the language and 1627:A lot more on culture 1400:Removed comment that 1276: 1252: 1228: 1188: 1148: 1108: 1084: 1044: 1004: 964: 940: 916: 876: 836: 796: 772: 732: 692: 668: 644: 205:level-5 vital article 100:Neutral point of view 4801:regular verification 4671:regular verification 4539:regular verification 2275:I removed a list of 716:WikiProject Cameroon 105:No original research 4791:After February 2018 4661:After February 2018 4529:After February 2018 4215:User:Andajara120000 4111:and Serer peoples." 3964:2009Sci...324.1035T 3669:Sub-Saharan African 3634:) (North African): 3361:2009Sci...324.1035T 3100:Sub-Saharan African 2976:Sub-Saharan African 2762:Sub-Saharan African 1933:Fulani Jihad States 1924:and took a look at 1204:Sierra Leone portal 1172:WikiProject Senegal 1132:WikiProject Nigeria 988:WikiProject Liberia 421:discuss these tasks 327:Here are some open 5038:Community Tech bot 4845:InternetArchiveBot 4796:InternetArchiveBot 4715:InternetArchiveBot 4666:InternetArchiveBot 4583:InternetArchiveBot 4534:InternetArchiveBot 4400:Assessment comment 4003:Unknown parameter 3400:Unknown parameter 2466:Ghanaian languages 2325:, particularly in 2297:..., for example: 1828:another discussion 1562:Origins and spread 1278: 1254: 1230: 1190: 1150: 1110: 1086: 1046: 1006: 966: 942: 918: 900:WikiProject Guinea 878: 860:WikiProject Gambia 838: 798: 774: 734: 694: 670: 646: 570:WikiProject Africa 404:Start an article: 214:content assessment 86:dispute resolution 47: 5483:Cookiemonster1618 5245: 5244: 4937: 4936: 4821: 4691: 4559: 4430: 4429: 4348: 4331:comment added by 4261: 4244:comment added by 4209:Copyrighted files 3624:Haplogroup R-M173 3355:(5930): 1035–44. 2641:comment added by 2596:comment added by 2566: 2549:comment added by 2533: 2516:comment added by 2239:comment added by 2196:comment added by 2030:is the plural of 1999:Manding languages 1982:What's in a name? 1852:Albert Adu Boahen 1688:increased use of 1600: 1586:comment added by 1461:Nigerian Fulfulde 1332: 1320:comment added by 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1260:WikiProject Sudan 1236:WikiProject Ghana 1092:WikiProject Niger 1060:Mauritania portal 852:The Gambia portal 820:WikiProject Egypt 652:WikiProject Benin 436: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 183: 182: 66:Assume good faith 43: 5867: 5279: 5278: 5267: 5066: 5065: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4855: 4846: 4819: 4818: 4797: 4725: 4716: 4689: 4688: 4667: 4593: 4584: 4557: 4556: 4535: 4459: 4452: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4347: 4325: 4260: 4238: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3982: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3890: 3884: 3882: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3852: 3821: 3815: 3801: 3795: 3781: 3650:MtDNA (Maternal) 3644:Haplogroup R-V88 3601: 3600: 3594: 3589: 3587: 3579: 3570: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3388: 3379: 3338: 3332: 3328: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2834: 2811:MtDNA (Maternal) 2804: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2792: 2756:population from 2653: 2608: 2565: 2543: 2537:religion section 2532: 2510: 2447:Liberian English 2251: 2212:Maybe migrants. 2208: 2158:David Levinson. 2049: 1926:Sokoto Caliphate 1807:earliest version 1599: 1580: 1457:Maasina Fulfulde 1445:Bagirmi Fulfulde 1441:Adamawa Fulfulde 1315: 1284:WikiProject Togo 1206: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1028:WikiProject Mali 1022: 1017: 1016: 1015: 982: 977: 976: 975: 894: 889: 888: 887: 854: 849: 848: 847: 814: 809: 808: 807: 780:WikiProject Chad 750: 745: 744: 743: 710: 705: 704: 703: 631: 621: 620: 595: 594: 591: 588: 585: 564: 559: 558: 557: 548: 541: 540: 535: 532: 445: 438: 437: 350:on the talk page 347: 341: 326: 313: 312: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 256: 249: 248: 243: 235: 228: 227: 211: 202: 201: 194: 193: 185: 179: 178: 164: 95:Article policies 16: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5495: 5494: 5456: 5422: 5398: 5379: 5359: 5309: 5289: 5287:Population size 5284: 5283: 5282: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5160:Really? How so? 5053: 5051:New Fulani Olig 5034:nomination page 4990: 4956: 4954: 4926: 4922: 4911: 4905: 4891: 4864: 4849: 4844: 4812: 4805:have permission 4795: 4749:this simple FaQ 4734: 4719: 4714: 4682: 4675:have permission 4665: 4617:this simple FaQ 4602: 4587: 4582: 4550: 4543:have permission 4533: 4487:this simple FaQ 4472: 4453: 4446: 4438: 4405: 4402: 4383: 4355: 4326: 4299: 4239: 4211: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4008: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3992: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3887: 3874: 3872: 3863: 3862: 3822: 3818: 3802: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3652: 3616: 3614:YDNA (Paternal) 3611: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3592: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3427: 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5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4970:Deacon Vorbis 4967: 4962: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4929:parameter to 4920: 4916: 4909: 4908: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4847: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4717: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4443: 4433: 4426: 4423: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4408: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387:199.203.215.1 4378: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219:Middayexpress 4216: 4196: 4186: 4176: 4166: 4156: 4146: 4137: 4127: 4117: 4107: 4097: 4087: 4077: 4067: 4057: 4047: 4037: 4027: 4020: 4014: 3997: 3989: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3909: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3880: 3867: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3800: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3598: 3585: 3577: 3574: 3569: 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1816: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1661: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1618:Recent trends 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1526:, a group in 1525: 1519: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1414: 1411: 1408:In Fulfulde, 1403: 1397: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1290: 1287:(assessed as 1286: 1285: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1263:(assessed as 1262: 1261: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1239:(assessed as 1238: 1237: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1215:(assessed as 1214: 1213: 1205: 1194: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1175:(assessed as 1174: 1173: 1165: 1154: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1135:(assessed as 1134: 1133: 1125: 1114: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1095:(assessed as 1094: 1093: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1071:(assessed as 1070: 1069: 1061: 1050: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1031:(assessed as 1030: 1029: 1021: 1010: 1003: 999: 998: 994: 991:(assessed as 990: 989: 981: 970: 963: 959: 958: 954: 951:(assessed as 950: 949: 939: 935: 934: 930: 927:(assessed as 926: 925: 915: 911: 910: 906: 903:(assessed as 902: 901: 893: 892:Guinea portal 882: 875: 871: 870: 866: 863:(assessed as 862: 861: 853: 842: 835: 831: 830: 826: 823:(assessed as 822: 821: 813: 802: 795: 791: 790: 786: 783:(assessed as 782: 781: 771: 767: 766: 762: 759:(assessed as 758: 757: 749: 738: 731: 727: 726: 722: 719:(assessed as 718: 717: 709: 698: 691: 687: 686: 682: 679:(assessed as 678: 677: 667: 663: 662: 658: 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3771: 3665:North Africa 3661: 3657: 3653: 3641: 3637: 3630:(with 27.2% 3617: 3584:cite journal 3554:(7): 800–7. 3551: 3547: 3537: 3527: 3517: 3507: 3497: 3487: 3477: 3468: 3458: 3448: 3438: 3428: 3418: 3408:suggested) ( 3393:cite journal 3352: 3346: 3336: 3326: 3318: 3280: 3238: 3223: 3209: 3096:North Africa 2972:North Africa 2897: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2864: 2852: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2806: 2791:<ref: --> 2787:Cite error: 2758:North Africa 2754: 2739: 2724: 2660: 2637:— Preceding 2625: 2610: 2592:— Preceding 2587: 2573: 2545:— Preceding 2540: 2512:— Preceding 2507: 2487: 2481:Sierra Leone 2475: 2456: 2445: 2434: 2419: 2404: 2389: 2374: 2359: 2344: 2317: 2302: 2296: 2281:multilingual 2274: 2231: 2189: 2171: 2150: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2100: 2079: 2076: 2061: 2055: 2051: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2009: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1930: 1919: 1892: 1867: 1863: 1860:Fulanin gida 1859: 1855: 1786:Fulanin gida 1785: 1782:Fulani siire 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 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woman 2052:Fulbe woman 1967:Fula jihads 1588:Crocodilian 1020:Mali portal 490:Ivory Coast 148:free images 31:not a forum 25:Fula people 5499:Categories 5258:References 4923:|answered= 4852:Report bug 4722:Report bug 4590:Report bug 4200:Cameroon." 4180:Senegal)." 3772:References 3522:Cameroon." 3319:References 2825:References 2504:population 2440:The Gambia 2354:Mauritania 2304:Portuguese 2167:1573560197 2082:anyway. -- 1764:(singular 1417:Population 502:Mauritania 338:Place the 5407:Cissehakm 5377:Vandalism 5357:Vandalism 4868:this edit 4835:this tool 4828:this tool 4705:this tool 4698:this tool 4573:this tool 4566:this tool 4007:ignored ( 3404:ignored ( 2799:help page 2797:(see the 2339:Blue Nile 2173:T L Miles 2107:polyglots 1938:T L Miles 1879:T L Miles 1872:Qadiriyya 1868:Toronkawa 1353:Pullo ref 348:template 208:is rated 88:if needed 71:Be polite 21:talk page 4961:Not done 4876:St.nerol 4862:Religion 4841:Cheers.— 4711:Cheers.— 4579:Cheers.— 4341:contribs 4329:unsigned 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