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519:-month lifespan, TIROS 1 returned 23,000 photos of the Earth, 19,000 of them usable for weather analysis. For the first time, it was possible to view large scale cloud patterns in their totality, and from this, identify storm regions. The satellite provided the first long-term observations of a developing storm from orbit, tracking the disintegration of a large
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The TIROS Program was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth. At that time, the effectiveness of satellite observations was still unproven. Since satellites were a new technology, the TIROS Program also tested various design issues for
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spacecraft: instruments, data and operational parameters. The goal was to improve satellite applications for Earth-bound decisions, such as "should we evacuate the coast because of the hurricane?".
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TIROS I image showing bright clouds with relatively well-defined edges and isolated from a main cloud mass. Shortly after this photograph, the southernmost cloud spawned a tornado (May 27, 1960).
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455:(235 MHz) for transmission projected down and diagonally out from the baseplate. Mounted around the edge of the baseplate were five diametrically opposed pairs of small,
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recorder on board for later playback, depending on whether the satellite was within or beyond the communication range of the station. The satellite was
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TIROS I image showing an apparently square cloud and a cloud system which enlarged bringing hailstones and tornadoes to central
Oklahoma (May 2, 1960)
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TIROS 1 performed normally from launch until June 15, 1960, when an electrical power failure prevented further useful TV transmission.
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Published story of how the first TIROS photo was flown by helicopter, then a jet from the Camp Evans Ground
Control Center to NASA
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Spacecraft power was supplied by approximately 9000 1 centimetre (0.39 in)- by 2 centimetres (0.79 in)
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over the course of four days. In addition, TIROS 1 returned data on smaller scale structures such as
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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Two slow-scan visible television cameras (wide and narrow-angle); horizon and sun angle sensors
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for reception of ground commands extended out from the top of the cover assembly. A pair of
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satellite was the first experimental/prototype weather satellite), the first of a series of
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Surface weather map of
Pacific frontal storm derived from TIROS I data (May 19, 1960)
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The TIROS-1 prototype on display at the
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
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The satellite was equipped with two 1.27 centimetres (0.50 in)-diameter
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Anderson, George D. (April 1, 2010). "The first weather satellite picture".
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TIROS I image showing a cyclone in South
Atlantic, taken on April 28, 1960
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was deemed the most promising application of space-based observations.
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1556:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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Archived tapes of telemetry data received from TIROS I (June 1960)
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TIROS I wide-angle image taken on April 1, 1960 (one of the first
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TIROS-1 50th
Anniversary & Resources on Satellite Meteorology
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The TIROS-1 Program's first priority was the development of a
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The
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Exhibition List
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Final Report on the TIROS I Meteorological
Satellite System
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pictures. The pictures were transmitted directly to a
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TIROS 1 & 2 Ground
Control Canter at Camp Evans
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1552:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
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876:- preserved by InfoAge Science History Center
715:. NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive
1574:Television Infrared Observation Satellites
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1584:Weather satellites of the United States
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496:Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17A
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847:Track the current position of TIROS 1
541:As of 2024, TIROS 1 remains in orbit.
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498:on 1 Apr 1960 at 11:40:09 UTC by a
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645:First images of Earth from space
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459:that maintained the satellite
429:TIROS 1 was an 18-sided right
405:satellite information system.
108:75 days (90 days planned)
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1:
1594:Satellites in low Earth orbit
885:TIROS I is Launched - NOAASIS
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149:122.5 kilograms (270 lb)
553:Thor-Able launching TIROS 1
293:750 kilometres (470 mi)
283:693 kilometres (431 mi)
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1579:Spacecraft launched in 1960
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367:) was the first full-scale
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852:TIROS – NASA Science
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781:. Jonathan's Space Report
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442:nickel-cadmium batteries
902:April 21, 2017, at the
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890:June 12, 2018, at the
867:July 13, 2010, at the
523:mass off the coast of
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170:1 April 1960, 11:40:09
16:1960 weather satellite
1343:Solrad mass simulator
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248:Reference system
121:Spacecraft properties
1279:Orbital launches in
777:McDowell, Jonathan.
734:McDowell, Jonathan.
478:or were stored in a
457:solid-fuel thrusters
814:2010Wthr...65...87A
779:"Satellite Catalog"
762:. Washington D.C.:
438:silicon solar cells
407:Weather forecasting
323:1 Apr 1960 11:45:00
63:Harvard designation
23:
665:Spaceflight portal
468:vidicon TV cameras
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379:(TIROS) placed in
313:99.16 minutes
243:Orbital parameters
187:Thor DM 18-Able II
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1467:Mars 1M No.2
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1453:Mars 1M No.1
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1301:Discoverer 9
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1167:Adv. TIROS-N
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785:November 14,
783:. Retrieved
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742:November 14,
740:. Retrieved
736:"Launch Log"
729:
719:November 14,
717:. Retrieved
690:. Retrieved
540:
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500:Thor Able II
493:
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421:The TIROS-1
400:
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364:
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269:Eccentricity
223:15 June 1960
220:Last contact
136:Manufacturer
43:Mission type
18:
692:December 8,
573:from space)
533:jet streams
472:cloud cover
332:Instruments
299:Inclination
193:Launch site
167:Launch date
146:Launch mass
1568:Categories
1496:Transit 3A
1480:Explorer 8
1447:Courier 1B
1419:Courier 1A
1384:Transit 2A
1338:Transit 1B
651:References
569:images of
413:Spacecraft
373:Vanguard 2
252:Geocentric
227:1960-06-16
1550:underline
1321:Pioneer 5
830:1477-8696
808:(4): 87.
713:"TIROS 1"
529:tornadoes
505:Over its
502:rocket.
461:spin rate
447:A single
178: GMT
140:RCA Astro
78:1960-002B
72:COSPAR ID
1502:SOLRAD 2
1389:SOLRAD 1
1004:TIROS-10
900:Archived
888:Archived
865:Archived
639:See also
521:cyclonic
66:1960 β 2
53:Operator
1554:italics
1490:TIROS-2
1460:Samos 1
1413:Echo 1A
1379:Midas 2
1333:TIROS-1
1315:Midas 1
1230:NOAA-19
1225:NOAA-18
1220:NOAA-17
1215:NOAA-16
1210:NOAA-15
1205:NOAA-14
1200:NOAA-13
1195:NOAA-12
1190:NOAA-11
1185:NOAA-10
1142:TIROS-N
1134:TIROS-N
1089:TIROS-M
999:TIROS-9
994:TIROS-8
989:TIROS-7
984:TIROS-6
979:TIROS-5
974:TIROS-4
969:TIROS-3
964:TIROS-2
959:TIROS-1
810:Bibcode
802:Weather
766:. 1966.
686:"TIROS"
525:Bermuda
514:⁄
490:Mission
387:Program
365:TIROS-A
361:TIROS-1
350:TIROS-2
273:0.00401
225: (
172: (
93:SATCAT
22:TIROS-1
1368:Echo 1
1288:1961 →
1273:← 1959
1180:NOAA-9
1175:NOAA-8
1157:NOAA-7
1152:NOAA-B
1147:NOAA-6
1124:ITOS-E
1119:NOAA-5
1114:NOAA-4
1109:NOAA-3
1104:NOAA-2
1099:ITOS-B
1094:NOAA-1
1071:ESSA-9
1066:ESSA-8
1061:ESSA-7
1056:ESSA-6
1051:ESSA-5
1046:ESSA-4
1041:ESSA-3
1036:ESSA-2
1031:ESSA-1
828:
309:Period
303:48.40°
258:Regime
201:LC-17A
183:Rocket
951:TIROS
571:Earth
431:prism
371:(the
344:TIROS
319:Epoch
130:TIROS
1327:S-46
1281:1960
1081:ITOS
826:ISSN
787:2020
764:NASA
744:2020
721:2020
694:2013
531:and
363:(or
57:NASA
1023:TOS
818:doi
444:.
262:LEO
95:no.
1570::
824:.
816:.
806:65
804:.
702:^
675:^
567:TV
486:.
383:.
199:,
100:29
1264:e
1257:t
1250:v
937:e
930:t
923:v
832:.
820::
812::
789:.
746:.
723:.
696:.
516:2
512:1
509:+
507:2
229:)
176:)
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