Knowledge

Tā moko

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magazine, shares his view on the transformation of the practice: "The difference in tā moko today as compared to the nineteenth century is in the change of lifestyle, in the way we live. The tradition of moko was one of initiation, rites of passage – it started around that age – but it also
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New Zealand Electronic Text Centre collection on Ta Moko, mokamokai, Horatio Robley and his art. A bibliography provides further links to other online resources.
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A large proportion of New Zealanders now have tattoos of some sort, and there is "growing acceptance ... as a means of cultural and individual expression."
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Nikora, L. W., Rua, M., and Te Awekotuku, Ng., "Wearing Moko: Māori Facial Marking in Today's World", in Thomas, N., Cole, A., and Douglas, B. (eds.),
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in the early colonial period. King (see below) talks about changes which evolved in the late 19th century when needles came to replace the
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benchmarks achievements in your life and gives you a goal to strive towards and achieve in your life." Duley received
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as the main tools. The needle method was quicker and presented fewer possible health risks, but the texture of the
911: 4435: 4244: 3055: 2005: 842: 3973: 3930: 3811: 3197: 2856: 2421: 1191:"Fig. 46.—Uhi, or chisels in the British Museum (actual size). Presented by Sir George Grey, K. C. B., &c" 958: 550:. It is not the first time the contact with settlers has interfered with the tools of the trade: the earliest 4799: 4728: 4086: 3829: 3771: 3751: 3723: 3680: 2342: 1941: 1306:""KI TŌ RINGA KINGĀ RĀKAU Ā TE PĀKEHĀ?" DRAWINGS AND SIGNATURES OF "MOKO" BY MĀORI IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY" 1214: 861: 63: 3032: 1908: 880: 4688: 4668: 4640: 4597: 4081: 3690: 3243: 2621: 2099:
Claiming the Stone: Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity
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fully visible while some chose to grow out their hair. Due to Christian missionaires having a dislike for
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constituted an important milestone between childhood and adulthood, and was accompanied by many rites and
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The most significant change was the adjustment of the themes and conquests the tattoos represented.
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include women's foreheads, buttocks, thighs, necks and backs and men's backs, stomachs, and calves.
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is merely a design with Māori flavour that can be applied anywhere, for any reason and on anyone...
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Images relating to moko from the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
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was also mixed with fat to make pigment. The pigment was stored in ornate vessels named
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were engraved with bone and were replaced by metal supplied by the first visitors.
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in the early 1970s interviewed over 70 elderly women who would have been given the
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Sketch of a Māori chief, 1773 engraving by T. Chambers based on a 1769 drawing by
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Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia, "More than Skin Deep", in Barkan, E. and Bush, R. (eds.),
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on men stopped around the 1860s in line with changing fashion and acceptance by
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on their lips (ngutu) and (kauae) chins. Other parts of the body known to have
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which requires a process of consents, genealogy and historical information,
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onto a handle, and struck with a mallet. The pigments were made from the
97: 3386: 2961: 2146: 1339: 1305: 4356: 3212: 2966: 2500: 2284: 2243: 1651:"Why Ariana Tikao wants you to know exactly how she got her moko kauae" 749: 731:. However, until relatively recently the art had little global impact. 710: 338: 1711:"...the first Maori who reached England...had a well tattooed face..." 902: 816: 4470: 4331:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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Mokorua : ngā korero mō tōku moko kauae = my story of moko kauae
1069:"What tattoo should I get? — Brief guide to Polynesian tattoo styles" 1031: 398: 314: 137: 1090: 649: 360: 4495: 4455: 4274: 3293: 3264: 3167: 3116: 2981: 2909: 2587: 2576: 2519: 2192: 603: 278:  (chisels), rather than punctured as in common contemporary 2976: 598: 4460: 4425: 4375: 4366: 3481: 3416: 3318: 3251: 2946: 2530: 2511: 2429: 1047: 1041: 543: 337:(burnt timbers) for the blacker face colour. The soot from burnt 318: 192: 178: 168:; however, some very high-status individuals were considered too 109: 28: 2395: 2112:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Online Resources on Moko
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Jahnke, R. and H. T., "The politics of Māori image and design",
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detailing her tā moko journey; her artist was Christine Harvey.
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List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
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Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
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Mokorua: Ngā kōrero mō tōku moko kauae: My story of moko kauae
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to celebrate his graduation from a bachelor in Māori studies.
4445: 4400: 3370: 3353: 3338: 2956: 2350: 1145:"Essence, Identity, Signature: Tattoos and Cultural Property" 2072:
Tattoo. Bodies, Art and Exchange in the Pacific and the West
1751:"Maori face tattoo: It is OK for a white woman to have one?" 709:. Early Māori visitors to Europe, such as Moehanga in 1805, 256: 3441: 3421: 3411: 3391: 3348: 3313: 3298: 3002: 2914: 2899: 2387: 1918: 787:
translates literally to mean—"skin writing." As opposed to
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Since 1990 there has been a resurgence in the practice of
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in the 20th century, men increasingly wore facial hair.
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digital edition from New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
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Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ
459:. Women's tattoos on lips and chin are commonly called 2046:(Raumati (Summer) 2003), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 5–31. 1587:"Air New Zealand reverses ban on staff having tattoos" 1855:"Why Most People Shouldn't Get Ta Moko Maori Tattoos" 381: 1681:. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. 1527:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga 488:
with facial hair. As a substitute for the declining
128: 2090:Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia, "Tā Moko: Māori Tattoo", in 1564:"Employers more tolerant of hiring inked employees" 378:specialists and would travel to perform their art. 176:, and it was also not considered suitable for some 2498: 2101:(2002) Los Angeles: Getty Press, pp. 243–254. 1961: 1933: 1828:"Sharples: Protected Objects Third Reading Speech" 1675:Tikao, Ariana; Calman, Matt; Calman, Ross (2022). 1118:"4. – Tā moko – Māori tattooing – Moko and status" 530:, but there has also been a revival of the use of 445:through the early 20th century, and the historian 2855: 1901: 1792: 1674: 817:Tāwhiao, Tukaroto Matutaera Potatau Te Wherowhero 148:, many if not most high-ranking persons received 4776: 1629: 1236:"The Uhi-Maori, or Native Tattooing Instruments" 2574: 1124:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage 759:To reconcile the demand for Māori designs in a 512:and a reflection of the general revival of the 349:, which were often buried when not in use. The 2528: 2517: 2509: 2471: 2427: 1275: 4528: 3861: 3611: 2841: 2585: 2550: 2452: 2348: 2162: 561:artist Turumakina Duley, in an interview for 2393: 2385: 2332: 2074:, London: Reacktion Books, pp. 191–204. 1039: 744:, and high-profile uses of Māori designs by 357:were handed on to successive generations. A 2359: 2058:Moko: Māori Tattooing in the 20th Century. 1877: 1875: 1725: 1209: 1207: 1029: 782: 771: 764: 735: 718: 700: 532: 521: 503: 489: 483: 477: 471: 450: 440: 431: 425: 419: 412: 405: 396: 387: 366: 358: 351: 343: 331: 322: 307: 300: 294: 284: 272: 261: 248: 242: 211: 203: 196: 186: 149: 117: 107: 81: 50: 4535: 4521: 3868: 3854: 3618: 3604: 2848: 2834: 2169: 2155: 290:currently was being used by some artists. 3875: 2176: 1610: 1561: 1552:. Other. Artonview, no. 98, Winter, 2019. 1321: 1142: 470:Men tended to remove facial hair to keep 19:For the 1 Giant Leap song "Ta Moko", see 3625: 1999: 1872: 1204: 777:, which has now gained wide acceptance: 648: 497: 404:(tattooed heads) changed the dynamic of 255: 232: 62: 44: 27: 4542: 1518: 1262:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1122:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 39:A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas 4777: 1775: 1611:Ainge Roy, Eleanor (4 November 2020). 1548:Crispin Howarth and Turumakina Duley. 1472: 1143:Pritchard, Stephen (1 December 2000). 1109: 672:On 25 December 2021, Māori journalist 542:in Christchurch, Henriata Nicholas in 49:"Portrait of a young Maori woman with 4516: 3849: 3599: 3003:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei) 2829: 2150: 2030: 1939: 1648: 1630:Jeevan Ravindran (30 December 2021). 1544: 1542: 1310:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 1303: 1240:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 1103: 508:for both men and women, as a sign of 4743:For other topics including Oceanian 3136:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands 2038:. Wellington: Whitcombe & Tombs. 1909:"Moko 'exploitation' causes concern" 1584: 1519:Higgins, Rawina (20 December 2016). 1372: 1285:. Landcare Research – Manaaki Whenua 1233: 270:Historically the skin was carved by 247:being carved into a man's face by a 2127:The rise of the Maori tribal tattoo 2060:(2nd ed.) Auckland: David Bateman. 2000:Cheseman, Janelle (15 March 2014). 1724:"Fig. 10.—Tattooing on the face of 1227: 1115: 769:group promotes the use of the term 694: 394:practice of collecting and trading 228: 13: 4082:Austral Islands (French Polynesia) 1942:"Ta Moko making its mark on Maori" 1539: 1525:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1091:"The Māori – The Tattoo (Ta Moko)" 482:, some men started covering their 382:Changes with European colonisation 104:, Samoan, Tahitian and Hawaiian). 14: 4816: 2105: 1562:Mathewson, Nicole (3 June 2013). 1394: 756:fashion show were controversial. 129:Historical practice (pre-contact) 3536:World Invitational Hula Festival 1014: 1005: 996: 987: 978: 969: 957: 945: 926: 910: 891: 879: 860: 841: 823: 809: 628: 610: 591: 575: 92:" as traditionally practised by 3056:Australian Aboriginal astronomy 2593:code: ipk promoted to code: ik 2582:code: iku promoted to code: iu 2460:code: mya promoted to code: my 2435:code: hrv promoted to code: hr 1993: 1847: 1820: 1769: 1743: 1716: 1703: 1668: 1642: 1623: 1604: 1578: 1555: 1512: 1487: 1466: 1440: 1414: 1388: 1366: 1346: 1297: 661:In 2016 New Zealand politician 136:arts are common in the Eastern 4563:Federated States of Micronesia 4446:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi) 4137:Federated States of Micronesia 3896:Federated States of Micronesia 3646:Federated States of Micronesia 3141:Federated States of Micronesia 2422:Albanian traditional tattooing 1940:Ihaka, James (27 March 2009). 1649:Newth, Kim (4 November 2022). 1250: 1183: 1136: 1097: 1083: 1061: 526:applied today is done using a 1: 2857:Culture of indigenous Oceania 1883:"Ta Moko – A History On Skin" 1054: 740:by non-Māori has been called 653:New Zealand foreign minister 305:specialists) used a range of 115:(tattooists) were considered 88:is the permanent marking or " 4285:Oceanian legendary creatures 1382:Te Ao Hou The Māori Magazine 125:, or inviolable and sacred. 7: 4765:Category:Culture of Oceania 2472: 1023: 717:in 1826, all had full-face 96:, the indigenous people of 36:, from the 1784 edition of 10: 4821: 4367:Chatham Islander (Moriori 3265:Weriyeng navigation school 2024: 2004:. Newswire. Archived from 1800:"Cheeky French steal moko" 1776:Kassem, Mia (March 2003). 1585:Lake, Dan (10 June 2019). 1283:"Korere – Tasman District" 799: 707:first voyage of James Cook 439:Women continued receiving 201:on their faces, buttocks ( 18: 4741: 4654: 4631: 4550: 4509: 4339: 4318: 4237: 4074: 3987: 3964: 3883: 3840: 3824: 3737: 3714: 3633: 3592: 3583: 3505: 3379: 3276: 3109:traditions and ceremonies 3041: 2990: 2870: 2863: 2802: 2746: 2685: 2640: 2612: 2564: 2542: 2490: 2444: 2414: 2322: 2315: 2267: 2236: 2185: 1161:10.1080/10350330050136389 635:Te Aho-o-te-rangi Wharepu 329:for the body colour, and 4714:Northern Mariana Islands 4169:Northern Mariana Islands 4047:Northern Mariana Islands 3797:Northern Mariana Islands 3568:Festival of Pacific Arts 2658:Nazi concentration camps 2426:Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 2316:Traditions and practices 2083:Moko, or Maori Tattooing 1476:Moko; or Maori Tattooing 1473:Robley, Horatio (1896). 1323:10.15286/jps.123.1.29-66 699:Europeans were aware of 687:published a book called 374:Men and women were both 4795:Māori words and phrases 4679:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4012:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3762:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3531:Merrie Monarch Festival 2622:Ancient Egyptian/Nubian 2499: 2349: 2333: 2036:The Coming of the Maori 1550:Maori Markings: tā moko 1304:ELLIS, NGĀRINO (2014). 1036:, preserved Māori heads 586:from a 1908 publication 457:Tohunga Suppression Act 4491:Torres Strait Islander 3877:Literature of Oceania 3233:Micronesian Navigation 2586: 2575: 2551: 2529: 2518: 2510: 2453: 2428: 2394: 2386: 2360: 2223:Religious perspectives 2135:, 21 September 2012, 1947:The New Zealand Herald 1914:The New Zealand Herald 1895:Scoop Independent News 1726: 1495:"A moustache timeline" 1401:New Zealand Geographic 1354:"A Relic of Barbarism" 1220:The New Zealand Herald 1040: 1030: 797: 783: 772: 765: 742:cultural appropriation 736: 719: 701: 658: 533: 522: 504: 490: 484: 478: 472: 451: 441: 432: 426: 420: 413: 406: 397: 388: 367: 359: 352: 344: 332: 323: 308: 301: 295: 285: 273: 267: 262: 253: 249: 243: 217:). Women usually wore 212: 204: 197: 187: 150: 118: 108: 82: 76: 60: 51: 42: 4657:and other territories 4461:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i) 4347:Indigenous Australian 4245:Australian Aboriginal 3990:and other territories 3740:and other territories 3627:Languages of Oceania 3228:Polynesian Navigation 3208:Torres Strait Islands 2268:Process and technique 2141:University of Waikato 2078:Robley, Maj-Gen H. G. 1234:Best, Eldson (1904). 779: 705:from the time of the 652: 617:Tukukino Te Ahiātaewa 498:Contemporary practice 259: 236: 158:were associated with 66: 48: 31: 4800:Polynesian tattooing 4544:Religion in Oceania 4476:Taiwanese aborigines 3830:Languages of Oceania 2307:Process of tattooing 2137:Ngahuia Te Awekotuku 1788:on 24 February 2011. 1521:"Tā Moko Technology" 938:Ngāti Maru (Hauraki) 761:culturally sensitive 313:(chisels) made from 21:1 Giant Leap (album) 4749:indigenous currency 3028:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony 2703:Chinese calligraphy 1969:"Myth and the moko" 1808:. 13 September 2007 1730:, drawn by himself" 1428:. 13 September 2016 1223:. 28 December 2007. 1046:, traditional male 853:Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki 16:Māori facial tattoo 3344:Polynesian sailing 2810:European countries 2686:Styles and designs 1483:. pp. 28, 30. 1116:Higgins, Rawinia. 754:Jean Paul Gaultier 723:, as did several " 659: 546:and Julie Kipa in 268: 254: 239:Gottfried Lindauer 77: 73:Gottfried Lindauer 61: 43: 4772: 4771: 4737: 4736: 4729:Wallis and Futuna 4674:Clipperton Island 4632:Associated states 4229:Wallis and Futuna 4070: 4069: 4062:Wallis and Futuna 4007:Clipperton Island 3965:Associated states 3836: 3835: 3820: 3819: 3812:Wallis and Futuna 3757:Clipperton Island 3715:Associated states 3563:Pacific Community 3551:Pasifika Festival 3284:Aboriginal dugout 3223:Wallis and Futuna 2823: 2822: 2815:the United States 2681: 2680: 2470:Khmer/Laos/Thai ( 2198:Body modification 2132:BBC News Magazine 1921:. 3 November 2003 1688:978-1-86940-970-8 1499:nzhistory.govt.nz 1215:"Revival of Moko" 952:Mrs. Rabone, 1871 917:Tomika Te Mutu, ( 510:cultural identity 266:(feeding funnels) 57:Louis John Steele 4812: 4719:Pitcairn Islands 4689:French Polynesia 4669:Christmas Island 4598:Papua New Guinea 4578:Marshall Islands 4551:Sovereign states 4537: 4530: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4431:Norfolk Islander 4376:Fijian (iTaukei) 4179:Papua New Guinea 4052:Pitcairn Islands 4022:French Polynesia 4002:Christmas Island 3931:Papua New Guinea 3911:Marshall Islands 3884:Sovereign states 3870: 3863: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3802:Pitcairn Islands 3772:French Polynesia 3752:Christmas Island 3681:Papua New Guinea 3661:Marshall Islands 3634:Sovereign states 3620: 3613: 3606: 3597: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3575:Papua New Guinea 3238:Marshall Islands 3188:Pitcairn Islands 3183:Papua New Guinea 3123:Lomilomi massage 3069:Caroline Islands 2942:Papua New Guinea 2850: 2843: 2836: 2827: 2826: 2594: 2591: 2583: 2580: 2556: 2549:Kurdish/Yazidi ( 2534: 2523: 2515: 2504: 2477: 2461: 2458: 2436: 2433: 2399: 2391: 2365: 2354: 2338: 2320: 2319: 2254:Permanent makeup 2171: 2164: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2039: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1977:. Archived from 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1879: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1784:. Archived from 1773: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1729: 1720: 1714: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1559: 1553: 1546: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1481:Chapman and Hall 1470: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1325: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1211: 1202: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1149:Social Semiotics 1140: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1065: 1045: 1035: 1018: 1009: 1000: 991: 982: 973: 961: 949: 930: 914: 899:Tāmati Wāka Nene 895: 883: 864: 849:Riperata Kahutia 845: 827: 813: 786: 775: 768: 766:Te Uhi a Mataora 739: 722: 704: 695:Use by non-Māori 632: 614: 595: 579: 540:Christine Harvey 536: 525: 507: 493: 487: 481: 475: 455:before the 1907 454: 444: 435: 429: 423: 416: 409: 402: 393: 370: 364: 355: 347: 335: 328: 317:bone which were 311: 304: 298: 288: 276: 265: 260:A collection of 252: 246: 229:Instruments used 215: 207: 200: 190: 153: 140:homeland of the 123: 114: 85: 69:Tāmati Wāka Nene 54: 34:Sydney Parkinson 4820: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4775: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4733: 4656: 4650: 4633: 4627: 4608:Solomon Islands 4546: 4541: 4505: 4335: 4314: 4233: 4199:Solomon Islands 4066: 3989: 3983: 3966: 3960: 3941:Solomon Islands 3879: 3874: 3832: 3816: 3739: 3733: 3716: 3710: 3691:Solomon Islands 3629: 3624: 3579: 3526:Aloha Festivals 3501: 3375: 3334:Paopao (Tuvalu) 3324:Māori migration 3272: 3244:Stick charts of 3198:Solomon Islands 3081:Chatham Islands 3043: 3037: 2986: 2866: 2859: 2854: 2824: 2819: 2798: 2747:Bodily location 2742: 2677: 2636: 2608: 2592: 2581: 2566:Native American 2560: 2538: 2486: 2459: 2440: 2434: 2410: 2311: 2263: 2232: 2181: 2175: 2108: 2054:Friedlander, M. 2032:Hīroa, Te Rangi 2027: 2022: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1998: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1981:on 4 March 2016 1967: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1859:About.com Style 1853: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1689: 1673: 1669: 1659: 1657: 1647: 1643: 1628: 1624: 1609: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1547: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1517: 1513: 1503: 1501: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1471: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1454:. 28 March 2017 1446: 1445: 1441: 1431: 1429: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1405: 1403: 1393: 1389: 1371: 1367: 1359:Wanganui Herald 1352: 1351: 1347: 1302: 1298: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1266: 1264: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1232: 1228: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1141: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1114: 1110: 1102: 1098: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1074: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1026: 1019: 1010: 1001: 992: 983: 974: 965: 962: 953: 950: 941: 931: 922: 915: 906: 896: 887: 884: 875: 872:Ngāti Maniapoto 865: 856: 846: 837: 828: 819: 814: 802: 746:Robbie Williams 697: 642: 636: 633: 624: 618: 615: 606: 602: 596: 587: 580: 500: 424:became smooth. 384: 296:tohunga-tā-moko 250:tohunga-tā-moko 231: 131: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4818: 4808: 4807: 4805:Tattoo designs 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4770: 4769: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4709:Norfolk Island 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4664:American Samoa 4660: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4635: 4634:of New Zealand 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4370: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4042:Norfolk Island 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3997:American Samoa 3993: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3970: 3968: 3967:of New Zealand 3962: 3961: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3792:Norfolk Island 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3747:American Samoa 3743: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3720: 3718: 3717:of New Zealand 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3516:Garma Festival 3509: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3289:Alingano Maisu 3286: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3261: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3173:Norfolk Island 3170: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3105: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3047: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2900:kapa (Hawaiʻi) 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2853: 2852: 2845: 2838: 2830: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2693:Black-and-gray 2689: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2644: 2642: 2641:Other contexts 2638: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2570: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2546: 2544: 2543:Middle Eastern 2540: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2525: 2506: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2468: 2463: 2448: 2446: 2445:Mainland Asian 2442: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2424: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2356: 2345: 2340: 2328: 2326: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2213:Health effects 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2174: 2173: 2166: 2159: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2107: 2106:External links 2104: 2103: 2102: 2095: 2088: 2075: 2068: 2047: 2044:Pukenga Korero 2040: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 1992: 1960: 1932: 1900: 1871: 1846: 1819: 1791: 1768: 1742: 1715: 1702: 1687: 1667: 1641: 1622: 1603: 1577: 1554: 1538: 1511: 1486: 1465: 1439: 1413: 1395:Smale, Aaron. 1387: 1365: 1345: 1296: 1274: 1249: 1226: 1203: 1182: 1155:(3): 331–346. 1135: 1108: 1096: 1082: 1071:. TattooTribes 1059: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1037: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1013: 1011: 1004: 1002: 995: 993: 986: 984: 977: 975: 968: 966: 963: 956: 954: 951: 944: 942: 934:Tuterei Karewa 932: 925: 923: 916: 909: 907: 897: 890: 888: 885: 878: 876: 868:Rewi Maniapoto 866: 859: 857: 847: 840: 838: 829: 822: 820: 815: 808: 806: 801: 798: 696: 693: 674:Oriini Kaipara 644: 643: 634: 627: 625: 621:Ngāti Tamaterā 616: 609: 607: 597: 590: 588: 581: 574: 528:tattoo machine 499: 496: 383: 380: 230: 227: 209:) and thighs ( 130: 127: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4817: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790:Māori culture 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4704:New Caledonia 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4684:Easter Island 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4147:New Caledonia 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4102:Easter Island 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:New Caledonia 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017:Easter Island 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3787:New Caledonia 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3767:Easter Island 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3609: 3607: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3304:Dugout (boat) 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151:New Caledonia 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3091:Easter Island 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3042:Geo-specific, 3040: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991:Broad culture 2989: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2713:Nautical star 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2673:Tattooed lady 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2614:North African 2611: 2605: 2604:Haudenosaunee 2602: 2600: 2597: 2590: 2589: 2579: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2432: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180:and tattooing 2179: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2143:, New Zealand 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2066:1-86953-088-8 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2008:on 6 May 2019 2007: 2003: 1996: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1974:Waikato Times 1970: 1964: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1936: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1896: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1772: 1757:. 23 May 2018 1756: 1752: 1746: 1731: 1728: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1706: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1671: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1618: 1614: 1607: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1565: 1558: 1551: 1545: 1543: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1469: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1402: 1398: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1376:(July 1973). 1375: 1374:King, Michael 1369: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1300: 1284: 1278: 1263: 1259: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1210: 1208: 1192: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1139: 1123: 1119: 1112: 1106:, p. 296 1105: 1100: 1092: 1086: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1003: 999: 994: 990: 985: 981: 976: 972: 967: 960: 955: 948: 943: 939: 935: 929: 924: 920: 919:Ngāi Te Rangi 913: 908: 904: 900: 894: 889: 882: 877: 873: 869: 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Index

1 Giant Leap (album)

Sydney Parkinson
A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas

Louis John Steele

Tāmati Wāka Nene
Gottfried Lindauer
tattoo
Māori
New Zealand
Marquesan
Tohunga
tapu
Tattoo
Polynesian
Māori people
Māori culture
mana
social status
tohunga
rituals

Gottfried Lindauer

tattooing
albatross
hafted
awheto

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