25:
1148:
1212:, certain high vowels following fricatives or affricates are pronounced as extensions of those sounds, with voicing added (if not already present) and a vowel pronounced while the tongue and teeth remain in the same position as for the preceding consonant, leading to the turbulence of a fricative carrying over into the vowel. In
1247:. Traditional grammars describe them as having a "buzzing" sound. A number of modern linguists describe them as true syllabic fricatives, although with weak frication and voicing. They are accordingly transcribed ⟨
1298:, respectively, to indicate that the frication of the consonant may extend onto the vowel. Some speakers have even more lax articulation, opening the teeth and noticeably lowering the tongue, so that
1254:
However, for many speakers, the friction carries over only into the beginning of the vowel. The tongue and teeth remain where they were, but the tongue contact is lessened a bit to allow for a high
1347:
1552:
1798:
Božidar Finka, Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik 7, vol. 1 (1985), pp. 100, 101. Note, these are products of reduction so the only one of phonological importance is syllabic "r"
402:
is pronounced . Tweants scholars even debate whether or not this feature should be incorporated in spelling, resulting in two generally accepted spelling forms (either
1717:
1875:
344:
1852:
874:'stick your finger through the throat' (in both languages). Slovak also has long versions of these syllabic consonants, ŕ and ĺ, e.g.:
89:
1895:
1590:
602:('the car') , where it was originally . With some speakers, the schwa may be reinserted, especially for words already ending in
1420:
may be syllabic and carry tone like vowels. However, they always stand alone as syllables and cannot stand as syllable nuclei.
61:
1535:
1765:
1834:
Wiese, Richard (1997). "Underspecification and the description of
Chinese vowels". In Wang, Jialing; Smith, Norval (eds.).
454:
68:
42:
1704:
1683:
1662:
1187:
108:
75:
236:
1282:
to indicate that the tongue contact is relaxed enough to prevent frication. Another researcher suggests ⟨
743:(used to express disapproval or pity), though it is not certain how to define what a syllable is in such cases.
1099:() that stand alone as their own words. In Cantonese, the former is most often used in the word meaning 'not' (
57:
46:
1314:
has two similar "buzzed" vowels that are described as syllabic fricatives, . The former may even be trilled .
1278:(ignoring the tone), with the superscript indicating the "color" of the sound and a lowering diacritic on the
1728:
694:
787:
659:
1402:
1398:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1263:
1248:
1165:
702:
684:
680:
676:
666:
662:
645:
641:
617:
607:
603:
570:
555:
545:
535:
525:
515:
505:
495:
481:
466:
139:
130:
1476:
1461:
809:
266:
244:
1873:
1587:
1169:
1158:
632:('bottom') . This syllabification of alveolar nasals also appears in norrland and svealand dialects of
655:
911:
35:
82:
1370:, as e.g., the bilabial syllabic fricative in Liangshan Yi is not pronounced with the tongue.
1336:
719:
All of the consonants syllabicized in
Germanic languages are sonorants. However, the only time
1849:
1947:
1491:
869:
1435:
may be syllabic. As a stand-alone word, it means 'I' (first person subject pronoun), as in
1209:
8:
1942:
1390:
1028:
574:
1636:
1451:
1386:
1382:
1128:
585:
581:
562:
1424:
1394:
1892:
1700:
1679:
1658:
1640:
1628:
1531:
1342:
1080:
589:
476:, a syllabic consonant is the standard colloquial realization of combinations of the
1620:
1567:
1378:
1317:
1213:
901:
845:
791:
633:
438:
299:
216:
1320:
and linguists working in the
Chinese analytical tradition frequently use the term
616:('the man') can either be pronounced like , or . In addition to this, a syllabic
396:('to walk') is pronounced or (in some accents) even and its Tweants counterpart
1937:
1899:
1879:
1856:
1753:
1598:
1594:
1525:
1409:
856:
795:
473:
417:
295:
16:
Consonant which either forms a syllable by itself or is the nucleus of a syllable
1311:
852:
566:
307:
1624:
1572:
957:'. Most Torlakian dialects of south-eastern Serbia exhibit a regular syllabic
1931:
1632:
1259:
751:
425:
1441:'I speak Baoulé'. Its quality varies with the consonant following it, as in
1112:
954:
724:
378:
319:
1354:⟩ are commonly used to transcribe these vowels in place of ⟨
781:
775:
765:
759:
698:
1255:
366:
350:
1676:
Dei norske dialektane - Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla
1258:
vowel with no frication except at the beginning, during the transition.
771:
421:
388:
369:; more Low Saxon dialects have the syllabic consonant), all word-final
358:
354:
147:
1084:
993:
of pre-war
Croatia, other consonants are also syllabic. For example,
720:
637:
462:
370:
315:
311:
303:
284:
232:
196:
1305:
are pronounced , with the same vowel in each case and no r-coloring
24:
1811:(Cambridge Linguistic Surveys). Cambridge University Press. P. 142.
578:
485:
291:
200:
1917:
Kwan-hin Cheung, 1992. "北京話 '知' '資' 二韻國際音標寫法商榷" , in T. Lee, ed.,
1393:
languages have syllabic obstruents in normal vocabulary, such as
1088:
990:
833:
477:
362:
1470:'and', is a syllabic consonant, although it usually cliticises:
812:, the remaining syllabic consonants unpredictably became either
345:
Stress and vowel reduction in
English § Syllabic consonants
1335:) to describe the sounds above and others like them in various
905:
593:
382:
1299:
1242:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1530:(in German) (7th ed.). Berlin: Dudenverlag. p. 39.
867:
458:
374:
1718:"A STUDY OF PALATAL SEGMENTS' PRODUCTION BY DANISH SPEAKERS"
986:
1523:
318:) in normal words, but English has syllabic fricatives in
1105:, ) while the latter can be seen in the word for 'five' (
457:
usually treat as realizations of underlying sequences of
387:
are pronounced with syllabic consonants. The High German
697:
of some alveolar consonants like
Northern Norwegian and
683:
may also be heard in Bergen, where a following syllabic
1524:
Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) .
739:(the sound of a bee buzzing or someone sleeping), and
424:
often lacks syllabic sonorants under the influence of
357:, pronouncing syllabic consonants may be considered a
1330:
1168:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
799:
675:('poodle') , though it is not as common as syllabic
573:, may be heard. It is syllabic when following other
488:, generally referred to as schwa-assimilation, e.g.
665:may be heard in the same circumstances as syllabic
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
848:allow syllabic consonants. Some examples include:
261:. It may be instead represented by an overstroke,
1613:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1560:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1122:
1116:
1106:
1100:
231:, respectively. To represent it, the understroke
1929:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
786:. This continues the reconstructed situation of
636:. In all cases where the alveolar sound becomes
1471:
1465:
1455:
1838:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 219–249.
1550:
1397:, "northeast wind", 'wet', 'dry', or 'we (
1341:this is a misnomer, as the tongue is actually
1020:
1014:
1004:
998:
948:
938:
928:
918:
892:'(of) spots'. Czech also has m̩ and n̩, e.g.:
754:
610:may have been entirely elided afterward, e.g.
1325:
980:
970:
441:may use syllabic consonants in words such as
1919:Research on Chinese Linguistics in Hong Kong
1442:
1436:
1366:should also not be taken as synonymous with
887:
881:
875:
706:
688:
670:
649:
627:
621:
611:
597:
549:
539:
529:
519:
509:
499:
489:
429:
409:
403:
397:
391:
893:
1715:
1009:'small bridge' in standard Croatian); and
985:in the standard). In dialects between the
658:). In some Norwegian dialects, a syllabic
290:Syllabic consonants in most languages are
1571:
1262:uses the detailed transcriptions ⟨
1188:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1863:. Oxford. 304 pp. Accessed Feb 21, 2013.
1678:", Høyskoleforlaget AS, Kristiansand S.
1551:Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013).
1164:Relevant discussion may be found on the
455:English dictionaries' respelling systems
1716:Bruyninckx, Harmegnies (October 2000).
1610:
723:are used syllabically in English is in
1930:
1137:
1833:
1751:
1611:Grønnum, Nina (June 1998). "Danish".
338:
283:if the symbol that it modifies has a
1824:. Princeton University Press. P. 45.
1789:Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 377.
1510:International Phonetic Association,
1141:
1074:
693:('the sun') . In dialects that have
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
839:
365:(a Low Saxon dialect spoken in the
13:
1921:, Linguistic Society of Hong Kong.
1373:
965:in the standards. For example, in
904:, and in non-native words, e.g.
14:
1959:
1787:Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika.
1362:⟩, respectively. The term
1216:, this happens for example with
1146:
1025:('clove') in standard Croatian).
23:
1911:
1885:
1866:
1842:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1792:
1779:
1768:from the original on 2013-05-26
1745:
237:International Phonetic Alphabet
34:needs additional citations for
1891:John Wells (March 15, 2007). "
1709:
1689:
1668:
1647:
1604:
1580:
1544:
1517:
1504:
656:Norwegian phonology#Consonants
561:In all four dialect groups of
434:is pronounced , rather than .
215:in some pronunciations of the
1:
1850:Syllable Structure in Chinese
1497:
714:
577:and occurs most often in the
279:COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
257:COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
1836:Studies in Chinese Phonology
1754:"Sedm, sedmnáct, sedmdesát…"
1300:
1243:
1234:
1226:
1218:
687:has elided completely, e.g.
660:alveolar lateral approximant
620:always occurs in words like
7:
1905:John Wells's phonetic blog.
1482:
1331:
1200:A number of languages have
836:words in modern languages.
810:Middle Indo-Aryan languages
782:
776:
766:
760:
746:
333:
10:
1964:
1699:", Novus Forlag AS, Oslo.
1123:
1117:
1107:
1101:
800:
705:is also palatalised, e.g.
342:
1872:UCLA Phonetics Lab Data:
1820:S. Robert Ramsey (1987).
1625:10.1017/S0025100300006290
1573:10.1017/S0025100312000278
1326:
1249:sź̩, tsź̩, ʂʐ̩́, and ʐʐ̩́
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
804:(the last two had become
798:had syllabic allophones,
770:are syllabic consonants,
755:
731:(a command to be quiet),
701:, the following syllabic
302:. Very few have syllabic
174:
161:
156:
146:
137:
128:
123:
1527:Das Aussprachewörterbuch
1447:'I will come tomorrow'.
1091:, feature both syllabic
654:('the moustache') (see
1785:Toporišič, Jože. 1992.
1752:Bělič, Jaromír (1972).
1657:", Novus forlag, Oslo.
1443:
1437:
1251:⟩ respectively.
868:
735:(the hiss of a snake),
644:also becomes retroflex
410:
404:
398:
383:
1907:Accessed Feb 21, 2013.
1822:The Languages of China
1674:Skjekkeland, M. 1997 "
1472:
1466:
1456:
1337:Sino-Tibetan languages
1021:
1015:
1005:
999:
981:
971:
949:
939:
929:
919:
894:
888:
882:
876:
707:
689:
671:
650:
628:
622:
612:
598:
592:) where the schwa has
550:
540:
530:
520:
510:
500:
490:
430:
392:
1893:Chinese apical vowels
1807:Jerry Norman (1988).
1492:N with long right leg
1286:⟩ and ⟨
1127:, , depending on the
975:in the standard) and
961:which corresponds to
361:. In High German and
349:In many varieties of
203:on its own, like the
1848:San Duanmu (2008). "
1695:Pettersen, E. 1990 "
1358:⟩ or ⟨
1210:varieties of Chinese
1157:factual accuracy is
1111:, ) and the surname
58:"Syllabic consonant"
43:improve this article
1653:Sandøy, H. (1993) "
1588:Pronunciation guide
1479:'and I had eaten'.
1348:nonstandard symbols
1202:syllabic fricatives
1138:Syllabic fricatives
866:, as in the phrase
832:to be limited into
788:Proto-Indo-European
606:where the syllabic
575:alveolar consonants
1898:2021-10-24 at the
1878:2021-01-25 at the
1861:Syllable Structure
1855:2020-11-27 at the
1593:2017-01-06 at the
1368:syllabic fricative
870:Strč prst skrz krk
339:Germanic languages
189:syllabic consonant
1537:978-3-411-04067-4
1514:, pp. 14–15.
1489:⟨Ƞ⟩
1412:, the consonants
1198:
1197:
1190:
1131:), among others.
1081:Sinitic languages
1075:Sinitic languages
1052:'irrepressible',
808:). By the era of
590:Norwegian grammar
437:Many dialects of
193:vocalic consonant
185:
184:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1955:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1889:
1883:
1870:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1727:. Archived from
1722:
1713:
1707:
1693:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1608:
1602:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1490:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1459:
1446:
1440:
1404:
1401:) used to sing (
1400:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1306:
1303:
1289:
1285:
1273:
1265:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1214:Mandarin Chinese
1206:fricative vowels
1193:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:reliably sourced
1150:
1149:
1142:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1070:'to snore', etc.
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1024:
1018:
1008:
1002:
984:
974:
952:
942:
932:
922:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
846:Slavic languages
840:Slavic languages
803:
802:
785:
779:
769:
763:
758:
757:
710:
704:
692:
686:
682:
678:
674:
668:
664:
653:
647:
643:
631:
625:
619:
615:
609:
605:
601:
572:
557:
553:
547:
543:
537:
533:
527:
523:
517:
513:
507:
503:
497:
493:
483:
468:
433:
413:
407:
401:
395:
386:
282:
280:
277:
276:
272:
270:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
248:
178:
170:
165:
142:
141:
133:
132:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1912:
1900:Wayback Machine
1890:
1886:
1880:Wayback Machine
1871:
1867:
1857:Wayback Machine
1847:
1843:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1673:
1669:
1652:
1648:
1619:(1–2): 99–105.
1609:
1605:
1599:Merriam-Webster
1595:Wayback Machine
1585:
1581:
1555:
1553:"Luxembourgish"
1549:
1545:
1538:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1488:
1485:
1410:Standard Yoruba
1376:
1374:Other languages
1360:C͡ɯ C͡ɨ C͡u C͡ʉ
1340:
1332:shéjiān yuányīn
1304:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1163:
1155:This section's
1151:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1077:
842:
774:of consonantal
749:
717:
711:('the ball') .
626:('water') and
418:Standard German
347:
341:
336:
287:, such as in .
278:
274:
273:
265:
264:
262:
256:
252:
251:
243:
242:
240:
176:
168:
163:
138:
129:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1961:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1924:
1923:
1910:
1884:
1865:
1859:" (ch. 4). In
1841:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1791:
1778:
1764:(2–3): 72–78.
1744:
1708:
1688:
1667:
1646:
1603:
1579:
1543:
1536:
1516:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1481:
1375:
1372:
1312:Nuosu language
1196:
1195:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1026:
912:Serbo-Croatian
909:
899:
841:
838:
801:r̩, l̩, m̩, n̩
748:
745:
716:
713:
695:palatalisation
567:alveolar nasal
554:('the house')
465:(for example,
340:
337:
335:
332:
320:paralinguistic
183:
182:
179:
172:
171:
166:
159:
158:
154:
153:
150:
144:
143:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1734:on 2019-10-17
1730:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1705:82-7099-167-8
1702:
1698:
1697:Bergens bymål
1692:
1685:
1684:82-7634-103-9
1681:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1663:82-7099-206-2
1660:
1656:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1583:
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1554:
1547:
1539:
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1529:
1528:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1356:z̩ ʐ̩ z̩ʷ ʐ̩ʷ
1349:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1290:⟩ for
1281:
1277:
1274:⟩ for
1269:
1266:⟩ for
1261:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1208:. In several
1207:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1181:
1178:November 2023
1171:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1114:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1034:, such as in
1033:
1030:
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679:. A syllabic
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426:Luxembourgish
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377:and feminine
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
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1948:Phonotactics
1918:
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1770:. Retrieved
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1736:. Retrieved
1729:the original
1725:ISCA Archive
1724:
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1364:apical vowel
1363:
1322:apical vowel
1321:
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1270:and ⟨
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736:
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728:
725:onomatopoeia
718:
560:
494:('the cat')
471:
450:
446:
442:
436:
416:
379:plural nouns
373:in infinite
348:
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105:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1601:dictionary.
1464:variant of
1339:. However,
1318:Sinologists
1256:approximant
1064:'to rust',
588:nouns (see
544:('shrimp')
367:Netherlands
322:words like
1943:Consonants
1932:Categories
1772:2012-06-28
1738:2019-10-17
1498:References
1444:M bá aiman
1438:N ti baule
1260:John Wells
1083:, such as
1049:незадржлив
1029:Macedonian
1019:(which is
1003:(which is
989:river and
933:'Vltava';
923:'to run';
886:'willow',
824:, causing
772:allophones
727:, such as
721:obstruents
715:Obstruents
556:/ˈhuːˀsəð/
534:('sleep')
428:, so that
422:Luxembourg
420:spoken in
389:infinitive
359:shibboleth
355:Low German
343:See also:
316:affricates
312:fricatives
304:obstruents
294:, such as
169:̩
148:IPA Number
69:newspapers
1641:249412109
1633:1475-3502
1477:/ʃ̩ɛtːɛm/
1460:, a high-
1452:Hungarian
1403:nu.jam.ɬ̩
1391:Chemakuan
1301:sī shī rī
1166:talk page
1085:Cantonese
1058:'spine',
1046:'heart',
1040:'first',
979:("tear";
969:("wolf",
880:'joint',
699:Trøndersk
638:retroflex
586:masculine
563:Norwegian
514:('bike')
504:('lady')
463:consonant
371:syllables
292:sonorants
285:descender
239:is used,
233:diacritic
197:consonant
164:(decimal)
99:July 2017
1896:Archived
1876:Archived
1853:Archived
1766:Archived
1758:Naše řeč
1591:Archived
1586:See the
1512:Handbook
1483:See also
1462:register
1387:Wakashan
1350:⟨
1159:disputed
1079:Several
947:, as in
937:, as in
927:, as in
917:, as in
898:'seven'.
752:Sanskrit
747:Sanskrit
741:tsk tsk!
584:form of
582:singular
579:definite
546:/ˈraːjə/
536:/ˈsɒːʋə/
526:/ˈmyːrə/
524:('ant')
516:/ˈsykəl/
506:/ˈdaːmə/
496:/ˈkatən/
486:sonorant
467:/ˈiːvən/
453:, which
381:spelled
334:Examples
281:⟩
275:◌̍
263:⟨
259:⟩
253:◌̩
241:⟨
201:syllable
175:Unicode
157:Encoding
124:Syllabic
1809:Chinese
1655:Talemål
1597:of the
1473:s ettem
1352:ɿ ʅ ʮ ʯ
1343:laminal
1095:() and
1089:Hokkien
1022:klinčić
991:Velebit
940:Štarklj
902:Slovene
834:tatsama
792:liquids
669:, e.g.
648:, e.g.
634:Swedish
596:, e.g.
548:= , or
478:phoneme
439:English
363:Tweants
306:(i.e.,
300:liquids
235:in the
217:English
162:Entity
83:scholar
1938:Vowels
1703:
1682:
1661:
1639:
1631:
1534:
1425:Baoulé
1395:Nuxálk
1383:Salish
1379:Berber
1346:. The
1121:, or
1016:klinčć
1006:mostić
955:Newton
943:; and
930:Vltava
920:trčati
906:Vltava
857:Slovak
796:nasals
708:ballen
672:puddel
651:barten
613:mannen
594:elided
491:katten
484:and a
480:schwa
474:Danish
461:and a
451:rhythm
431:laufen
393:laufen
314:, and
296:nasals
271:
249:
229:bottle
225:button
221:rhythm
219:words
181:U+0329
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1732:(PDF)
1721:(PDF)
1637:S2CID
1556:(PDF)
1454:word
1000:mostć
950:Njutn
889:škvŕn
853:Czech
844:Many
820:, or
690:solen
599:bilen
551:huset
511:cykel
459:schwa
447:awful
411:lopen
405:loopn
399:loopn
375:verbs
308:stops
195:is a
177:(hex)
90:JSTOR
76:books
1701:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1629:ISSN
1532:ISBN
1450:The
1416:and
1405:)'.
1389:and
1327:舌尖元音
1310:The
1294:and
1272:ʂʐ̩ᶤ
1264:sz̞ᵚ
1241:and
1129:tone
1087:and
1055:рбет
1043:срце
987:Kupa
982:suza
977:slza
895:sedm
883:vŕba
862:and
855:and
828:and
794:and
780:and
764:, ऌ
629:botn
623:vatn
558:= .
541:reje
538:= ,
531:sove
528:= ,
521:myre
518:= ,
508:= ,
501:dame
498:= ,
449:and
443:even
353:and
351:High
326:and
324:shh!
298:and
269:030D
247:0329
227:and
211:and
62:news
1621:doi
1568:doi
1431:or
1423:In
1408:In
1296:shi
1288:ʂ͡ɨ
1284:s͡ɯ
1276:shi
1235:shī
1204:or
1067:рчи
1061:рѓа
1037:прв
972:vuk
967:vlk
877:kĺb
737:zzz
733:sss
729:sh!
703:/n/
685:/n/
681:/l/
677:/n/
667:/n/
663:/l/
646:/ɳ/
642:/n/
618:/n/
608:/n/
604:/n/
571:/n/
482:/ə/
472:In
469:).
414:).
408:or
384:-en
328:zzz
191:or
152:431
45:by
1934::
1762:55
1760:.
1756:.
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1627:.
1617:28
1615:.
1564:43
1562:.
1558:.
1467:és
1427:,
1399:ɬ̩
1385:,
1381:,
1307:.
1292:si
1268:si
1244:rī
1227:zī
1219:sī
1113:Ng
1097:ng
935:lj
816:,
640:,
569:,
445:,
330:.
310:,
267:U+
245:U+
223:,
207:,
187:A
140:◌̍
131:◌̩
1902:.
1882:.
1775:.
1741:.
1686:.
1665:.
1643:.
1623::
1576:.
1570::
1540:.
1457:s
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1418:n
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1280:z
1239:,
1231:,
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1191:)
1185:(
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1176:(
1172:.
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1124:伍
1118:吳
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1108:五
1102:唔
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1032:р
1011:č
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963:u
959:l
953:'
945:n
925:l
915:r
908:.
864:l
860:r
830:ḷ
826:ṛ
822:u
818:i
814:a
806:a
783:l
777:r
767:ḷ
761:ṛ
756:ऋ
213:l
209:n
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106:(
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87:·
80:·
73:·
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39:.
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