965:(applied to the clothing where the ball is polished). These liquids penetrate the porous surface of the leather ball. Over time the liquid expands and stretches the surface of the ball (which increases the surface area meaning more lift) and creates raised bumps on the polished side, due to the non-uniform nature of the expansion. The valleys between the bumps hold the air in the same manner as the tears on the rough side. This creates a layer of air over the shiny side, moving the separation point towards the back of the ball on the shiny side. The greater air coverage is now on the shiny side, giving rise to more lift and faster secondary airflow on that side. There is therefore lower static pressure on the shiny side, causing the ball to swing towards it, not away from it as in conventional swing. The rough side tears hold the air more easily than the shiny side valleys, so to maintain the air within the valleys the initial air layer must have a very high velocity, which is why reverse swing is primarily, but not necessarily, achieved by fast bowlers. Due to the less static nature of the initial air layer it takes longer for the swing to occur, which is why it occurs later in the delivery. This is why conventional and reverse swing can occur in the same delivery.
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the ball there are scratches and pits in the ball's surface. These irregularities act in the same manner as the dimples of a golf ball: they trap the air, creating a layer of trapped air next to the rough side of the ball, which moves with the surface of the ball. The smooth side does not trap a layer of air. The next layer of air outward from the ball will have a greater velocity over the rough side, due to its contact with a layer of trapped air, rather than solid ball. This lowers the static pressure relative to the shiny side, which swings the ball. If the scratches and tears completely cover the rough side of the ball, the separation point on the rough side will move to the back of the ball, further than that of the turbulent air, thereby creating more lift and faster air flow. This is why a new ball will swing more than an old ball. If the seam is used to create the turbulent air on the rough side, the tears will not fill as quickly as they would with laminar flow, dampening the lift and pressure differences.
890:, meaning that a natural outswinger will become an inswinger and vice versa. However, the new ball may reverse its trajectory if the speed is high (more than 90 mph (around 140 km/h)). This is also called contrast swing or reverse swing. In essence, both sides of a cricket ball have turbulent flow, but in reverse swing, the seam causes the airflow to separate earlier on one side. The side of the ball that has been shined experiences quicker airflow, while on the other side, the rougher surface disrupts the airflow, slowing that side of the ball down. This causes the ball to swing either outwards or inwards, depending on how it has been released from the hand when bowled, with the ball moving towards the side on which the ball is shined.
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swing normally in its early flight, and then to alter its swing as it approaches the batsman. This can be done in two ways one for the ball to reverse its direction of swing, giving it an 'S' trajectory: the other is for it to adopt a more pronounced swing in the same direction in which the swing is already curving; either alteration can be devastating for the batsman. In the first instance, he is already committed to playing the swing one way, which will be the wrong way to address swing which is suddenly coming from the opposite direction: in the second instance, his stance will be one which is appropriate for the degree, or extent, of the expected swing, and which could suddenly leave him vulnerable to
982:(as a rule outswingers will have more slips assigned) or by means of prior knowledge of the bowler; many can bowl or are proficient in only one type of swing. Traditional methods include the batsmen playing the ball as late as possible, and not playing away from the body. Other effective measures for combating swing bowling include standing well outside the crease, thus giving the ball less time to swing; and guessing the direction of swing based on the seam position observed in the ball's flight.
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578:, where the ball begins in line with the stumps but moves so that it is slightly wider of the stumps by the time it reaches the batsman. As the shiny side will also become worn over the course of play, swing bowling is usually effective when the ball is newer, with the older ball being more useful for spin bowling or other forms of fast bowling. However, there are other types of swing, such as
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740:: An outswinger to a right-handed batsman can be bowled by aligning the seam slightly to the left towards the slips and placing the roughened side of the ball on the left. To extract consistent swing, a bowler can also rotate his wrist toward the slips while keeping his arm straight. To a right-handed batsman, this results in the ball moving away to the
776:: An inswinger to a right-handed batsman can be bowled by aligning the seam slightly to the right and placing the roughened side of the ball on the right. To extract consistent swing, a bowler can also rotate or "open up" his wrist towards leg slip. To a right-handed batsman, this results in the ball moving in to the
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When the ball is older and there is an asymmetry in roughness the seam no longer causes the pressure difference, and can actually reduce the swing of the ball. Air turbulence is no longer used to create separation point differences and therefore the lift and pressure differences. On the rough side of
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Reverse swing occurs in exactly the same manner as conventional swing, despite popular misconception. Over time the rough side becomes too rough and the tears become too deep โ this is why golf ball dimples are never below a certain depth, and so "conventional" swing weakens over time; the separation
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what the ball will do and adjust accordingly to play swing bowling. This can be done by observing the bowler's grip and action (which may have a marked difference depending on which type of swinger is to be delivered), by observing the field set, which may depend on the types of deliveries expected
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Reverse swing tends to be stronger than normal swing, and to occur late in the ball's trajectory. This gives it a very different character from normal swing, and because batsmen experience it less often, they generally find it much more difficult to defend against. It is also possible for a ball to
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Cold and humid weather are said to enhance swing. Colder air is denser and so may affect the differential forces the ball experiences in flight. When looking at humidity, changes between 0% and 40% humidity appear to have little to no effect on the ball's swing; yet, when approaching 100% humidity
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The aim of swing bowling is to cause the ball to move in the air (or 'swing') while delivering mainly fast-paced balls to the batsman, in the hope that the change in the ball's flight path will deceive the batsman and cause them to play the ball incorrectly. Swing bowling is not to be confused with
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Normal swing occurs mostly when the ball is fairly new. As it wears more, the aerodynamics of the asymmetry changes and it is more difficult to extract a large amount of swing. When the ball becomes very old โ around 50 or more overs old โ it begins to swing towards its shiny side. It is mainly
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uses the same force but by manipulating spin across the direction of motion. A layer of fluid, in this case air, will have a greater velocity when moving over another layer of fluid than it would have had if it had been moving over a solid, in this case the surface of the ball. The greater the
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Swing bowling involves the use of a newer ball which is only slightly worn. The bowling side will continually polish one side of the ball by applying sweat to it as well as rubbing it against their clothing to shine it, while leaving the opposite side unshined (Saliva was banned by ICC due to
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the ball along the seam. This changes the separation points of the air with the ball; this turbulent air creates a greater coverage of air, providing lift. The next layer of air will have a greater velocity over the side with the turbulent air due to the greater air coverage and as there is a
788:. Typically, bowlers more commonly bowl outswingers, as they tend to move away from the batsman, meaning he has to "chase" the ball to hit it. Hitting away from the batsman's body is dangerous, as it leaves a gap between the bat and body through which the ball may travel to hit the
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COVID-19 Pandemic). The speed of airflow over the rough and smooth sides of the ball will cause the ball to move in flight towards the rough side and away from the shiny side. Swing bowlers will often use a subtly altered grip on the ball to accentuate this effect.
953:, were also well known for the ability to reverse swing, among many others. Bowlers tend to disguise the direction of reverse swing by running up starting with the opposite hand before switching hands and covering the ball for as long as possible before release.
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point moves toward the front of the ball on the rough side. When polishing the shiny side of the ball, numerous liquids are used, such as sweat, saliva, sunscreen, hair gel (which bowlers may apply to their hair before a game) and other illegal substances like
792:. Also, if the batsman misjudges the amount of swing, he can hit the ball with an edge of the bat. An inside edge can ricochet on to the wicket, resulting in him being out bowled, while an outside edge can fly to the
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Penrose, J.M.T., Hose, D.R. & Trowbridge, E.A. (1996) Cricket ball swing: a preliminary analysis using computational fluid dynamics. In: S.J. Haake (Ed.)The
Engineering of Sport. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.
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when the ball began to reverse swing after the 50th over. His co-umpire Billy
Doctrove supported him. A hearing subsequently found that there was insufficient evidence to convict anyone of ball tampering.
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difference in air velocity, the static pressure of both sides of the ball are different and the ball is both 'lifted' and 'sucked' towards the turbulent airflow side of the ball.
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force on the turbulent airflow side of the ball. The calculated net lift force is not enough to account for the amount of swing observed. Additional force is provided by the
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Pioneers and notable practitioners of reverse swing have mostly been
Pakistani fast bowlers. In the early days of reverse swing, Pakistani bowlers were accused of
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Both turbulent and laminar airflow contribute to swing. Air in laminar flow separates from the surface of the ball earlier than air in turbulent flow, so that the
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team, while allowing the opposite side to deteriorate through wear and tear. With time, this produces a difference in the aerodynamic properties of the two sides.
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Firstly, a batsman needs good eye reflexes which are considered to be a key skill when facing swing bowling. Secondly, a batsman often needs to anticipate
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898:, being caught behind, or bowled. Two consecutive deliveries from Wasim Akram, one of each type, were considered to be the turning point of the
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on opposing sides of the ball. The ball is then "sucked" from the region of high static pressure towards the region of low static pressure. The
921:. Sarfraz Nawaz introduced reverse swing into international cricket during the late 1970s, and passed their knowledge on to their team-mate
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moves toward the front of the ball on the laminar side. On the turbulent flow side it remains towards the back, inducing a greater
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Typically, a swing bowler aligns the seam and the sides of the ball to reinforce the swing effect. This can be done in two ways:
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When the ball is new the seam is used to create a layer of turbulent air on one side of the ball, by angling it to one side and
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controversies have been related to it, where teams have tried to illegally alter the wear of the ball using materials such as
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to achieve the conditions of the ball that allow reverse swing. According to the ex-chairman of the
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There has been a distinct lack of left-arm swing bowlers in the game. Some of the most famous left-arm bowlers were
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Controversy regarding reverse swing has never left modern cricket, as the
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The curvature of swing deliveries can make them difficult for a batsman to hit with his
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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1299:"I therefore conclude, (1) Mr ul-Haq is not guilty of the charge of ball-tampering..."
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utilizes this to show the ball is reversing, but disguises the direction of swing.
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to deviate sideways as it moves through the air towards or away from the
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As swing bowling is heavily dependent on the condition of the ball, many
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The Basics of Swing bowling explained by M.R.Baig on
Cricketfundas.com
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867:"Reverse swing" redirects here. For reverse swing in doors, see
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Mehta, Rabindra D (2005). "An overview of cricket ball swing".
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Mysterious art of reverse swing baffles even cricket experts
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BBC SPORT โ Cricket โ England โ What is reverse swing?
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helpful for bowlers in Test matches. This is known as
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velocity of the fluid, the lower its static pressure.
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during the late 1960s and taught it to his team-mate
551:. Swing bowling is generally classed as a subtype of
653:, a former swing bowler for the England cricket team
665:. To do this, the bowler makes use of six factors:
194:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1138:Mid-Wicket Tales: From Trumper to Tendulkar
657:The purpose of swing bowling is to get the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1135:Giridhar, S; Raghunath, V. J. (2014).
1120:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
16:Technique used in the sport of cricket
1167:"How England reversed a losing trend"
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1315:"The Science of Swing"
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1365:Cricket terminology
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1008:Cricket terminology
684:The bowler's action
369:left-arm unorthodox
1328:The Art of Cricket
1173:. 18 August 2005.
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1281:. Retrieved
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1210:. Retrieved
1207:ESPNcricinfo
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1182:. Retrieved
1171:The Guardian
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1137:
1130:
1104:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1084:
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1039:
1013:Seam bowling
991:Darrell Hair
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978:
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951:Ajit Agarkar
931:Waqar Younis
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333:Spin bowling
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308:Fast bowling
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186:Please help
181:verification
178:
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143:Please help
135:
105:
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89:Please help
85:
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43:
37:
36:Please help
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1106:8 September
1024:pitches in
993:during the
955:Neil Wagner
947:Zaheer Khan
943:Troy Cooley
939:Simon Jones
927:Wasim Akram
846:Sri Lanka's
831:Australia's
823:Zaheer Khan
808:Wasim Akram
456:Carrom ball
426:Slower ball
153:August 2016
99:August 2016
93:if you can.
1359:Categories
1283:13 January
1212:13 January
1184:13 January
1032:References
1020:and other
979:beforehand
923:Imran Khan
805:Pakistan's
766:Dale Steyn
737:Outswinger
496:Topspinner
416:Outswinger
411:Off cutter
406:Leg cutter
214:newspapers
39:improve it
1179:0261-3077
1076:109504282
773:Inswinger
630:June 2021
622:talk page
591:sandpaper
481:Off break
476:Leg break
396:Inswinger
244:July 2016
45:talk page
1277:Cricinfo
1257:Archived
1116:cite web
1026:Baseball
1002:See also
963:Vaseline
778:leg side
742:off side
690:fielding
576:outswing
451:Arm ball
364:leg spin
345:off spin
291:a series
289:Part of
75:require
851:, etc.
820:India's
663:batsman
597:History
572:inswing
549:bowlers
545:cricket
541:bowling
466:Flipper
391:Bouncer
228:scholar
77:cleanup
1177:
1149:
1074:
1044:11โ19.
1018:Slider
915:Lahore
790:wicket
642:Theory
491:Teesra
486:Slider
471:Googly
461:Doosra
431:Yorker
340:Finger
230:
223:
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201:
1100:(PDF)
1093:(PDF)
1072:S2CID
359:Wrist
320:Swing
235:JSTOR
221:books
1285:2021
1214:2021
1186:2021
1175:ISSN
1147:ISBN
1122:link
1108:2017
949:and
937:and
929:and
869:Door
844:and
840:and
825:and
814:and
798:slip
764:and
701:lift
315:Seam
207:news
1064:doi
896:LBW
796:or
786:bat
190:by
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