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structural shifts in the global industry of coffee will likely hinder significant advances for many producing nations to more equitably participate in what is the world's most valuable agricultural trade product. It also confirmed coffee's importance in more than 50 countries and its value in a number of producer countries as a primary, and sometimes only, source of cash income for many farmers. It noted that "differentiated segments", in which certified coffees such as organic and fair trade are included, "can provide producers with competitive advantages and added value." It further suggested that these are "important because of their growth rates and their potential to provide better social, economic, or environmental benefits for farmers". By this point, in mid-decade, the category of sustainable coffees was firmly established as one of the emerging paradigms in the global production and trade of coffee. The same World Bank report identified that the production of such sustainable coffees had expanded beyond mostly Latin
American origins to include modest exports from Africa and Asia.
174:
sustainable coffees in the poorest regions of the world, such as Africa, and to measure the actual impacts that the various initiatives, standards and certifications. Whilst a number of papers have been published on the topic, high quality research is still lacking. Resources for the Future, a research think tank, undertook a broad literature review in 2010 and identified 37 relevant studies, only 14 of which use methods likely to generate credible results. Allen
Blackman and Jorge Rivera, the authors of "The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of 'Sustainable' Certification" conclude that empirical evidence is limited and that much more research is necessary to understand whether these initiatives are having the claimed impacts.
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conferences, in research, and in policy discussions. "The State of
Sustainable Coffee" published by the International Coffee Organization and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in 2003 noted that sustainable coffees provide new opportunities to coffee producers who face difficult prices and production conditions that otherwise keep them in poverty. The book was the first dedicated to the topic of sustainable coffee and outlines the development of evolving concepts for sustainability in coffee and was also the first to identify the market channels, market conditions and volumes for sustainable coffees in European markets and Japan.
51:
been collectively termed "sustainable coffees." The term "sustainable coffee" was first introduced in expert meetings convened by the
Smithsonian Institution Migratory Bird Center (SMBC), NAFTA's Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and the Consumer Choice Council (CCC) in 1998. The CCC's 1999 report, "Sustainable Coffee at the Crossroads" is the first use of the term in the public sphere. It discusses interpretations of sustainability and identifies options such as organic and fair trade as "sustainable coffee", though it does not offer a single functional definition.
42:. Coffee has a number of classifications used to determine the participation of growers (or the supply chain) in various combinations of social, environmental, and economic standards. Coffees fitting such categories and that are independently certified or verified by an accredited third party have been collectively termed "sustainable coffees". This term has entered the lexicon and this segment has quickly grown into a multibillion-dollar industry of its own with potentially significant implications for other commodities as demand and awareness expand.
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220:(ITC) in 2006 to develop a scientifically credible framework to assess social, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability initially in the coffee sector. COSA emerged from the concerns of coffee industry practitioners about the lack of knowledge and sound scientific inquiry on what happens in the process of adopting sustainability initiatives. The unanimous
55:
some of the earliest evidence of the environmental impacts occurring in some of the most important coffee growing regions of
Central America. The ecological and economic concerns were discussed at meetings hosted by the CEC ("Workshop of Experts on Sustainably-produced Mexican Coffee" in Oaxaca in 2000 that resulted in The Oaxaca Declaration. The
118:. At the ICO 2010 World Coffee Conference, former World Bank coffee expert Daniele Giovannucci noted that in 2009 more than 8% of the global trade in raw (green) coffee was certified to one of the major sustainability initiatives. As of 2016, at least 34% of global coffee production was compliant with voluntary sustainability standards.
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Coffee has several types of classifications used to determine the participation of growers (or the supply chain) in various combinations of social, environmental, and economic standards. Coffees fitting such categories and that are independently certified or verified by an accredited third party have
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endorsement of the COSA program (2016) noted that COSA builds management capacity with local partnerships in producing countries to facilitate an understanding of the effects (costs and benefits) of the many sustainability initiatives. The COSA Measuring
Sustainability Report: Coffee and Cocoa in 12
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combined to fund and publish the first large-scale assessment of the markets, the value and the volumes for these coffees (a statistically significant random sample across North
America of 1558 retailers, 570 roasters, 312 wholesalers, 120 distributors, and 94 importers). The resulting "Sustainable
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The CCC report emerged during the same period as notable World Bank publications and an IMF paper that were among the first to identify the economic and social problems in coffee origins that would be the basis of the coffee crisis that more fully unfolded early in the 2000s. The SMBC contributed
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Initial trade volumes were estimates because no agency, including the certifiers themselves, accurately tracked them at the time. The first thorough assessment and the first concise definition appeared in research documents commissioned by several organizations in 2001. The Summit
Foundation, the
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Furthermore, private certification programs are attempting to fill gaps in existing government and international regulations. Third-party initiatives bypass the structures in place by both the state and the coffee industry. Existing as a private enterprise, accountable mostly to their mission and
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and the 4C Association. Its members have resolved to abide by applying a new
Impacts Code in 2010 that requires them to develop a transparent Assessment Plan to provide reasonable measurement of their impacts. Another initiative is already developing and applying scientific metrics to understand
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and Common Code for the Coffee
Community (4C) as well as certifications used exclusively by individual firms (Starbucks and Nespresso). Most certifications are now widely available not only in specialty stores and cafés but also in major supermarkets and under national brand names of global food
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From a market share of zero to a share 8% of the global coffee industry in one decade suggests that sustainable coffees are no longer a small niche. Efforts are underway by various certification bodies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and global food companies to develop the production of
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of the United Nations' (FAO) commodity chief, in 2003 notes that "...organic and fair trade products can also command a premium price." However, these premiums were somewhat limited. By 2004, a World Bank report, "Coffee Markets: New Paradigms in Global Supply and Demand" substantiated that
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During the nadir of the recent coffee crisis (2001–2003), prices reached record low levels (49 US cents/lb according to the ICO indicator price, April 2001) and left many producers in very difficult conditions. By 2003, the idea of sustainable coffee was starting to become a common topic at
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There are however regulations that exist. The International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling (ISEAL) Alliance is a global association for social and environmental standards whose members include many of the major standards systems active in sustainable coffee such as:
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Coffee Survey of the North American Specialty Coffee Industry". indicated the availability of four primary certified sustainable coffees(in order of importance then): Organic, Fair Trade, Bird Friendly (Smithsonian Institution Migratory Bird Center), and Rainforest Alliance.
229:(ITC) and its Trade for Sustainable Development program is also developing a global online platform to better understand the distinctions of the diverse sustainability initiatives with basic comparisons of the standards and also a mapping system of their availability.
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Giovannucci, Daniele; Brandriss, Peter; Brenes, Esteban; Marlene Ruthenberg, Ina; Agostini, Paola (1999). "Engaging civil society to create sustainable agricultural systems: Environmentally-friendly coffee in El Salvador and Mexico". Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
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Countries outlines the main issues facing sustainable coffee and presents the results of their research (2009–2013) into the economic, social and environmental impacts of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS).The United Nations
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Raynolds, L. T., Murray, D., & Heller, A. (2007). Regulating sustainability in the coffee sector: A comparative analysis of third-party environmental and social certification initiatives. Agriculture and human values, 24(2),
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have acquired substantial funding – may have equal or highly similar effects, molecular-level composition and taste as natural products but use less water, generate less carbon emissions, require less labor and cause
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Dankers, Cora and Pascal Liu. 2003. Environmental and Social Standards, Certification and Labelling for Cash Crops. Commodities and Trade Technical Paper 2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:
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market forces. In a desire to expand their specialty markets, certifications have the potential to become more of a branding technique to attract consumers with specialty labels. Certification initiatives rely on
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Giovannucci, Daniele (2007). "The State of Sustainable Coffee: A Study of Twelve Major Markets". International Coffee Organization and International Institute of Sustainable Development.
1006:—ITC (International Trade Centre) information on over 150 standards, codes of conduct, audit protocols addressing sustainability hotspots in global supply chains, including coffee.
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187:, a neoliberal intervention which can incite NGOs to prioritize market growth as opposed to the ecological and humanitarian protection at the core of the organization.
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Giovannucci, D., & Ponte, S. (2005). Standards as a new form of social contract? Sustainability initiatives in the coffee industry. Food policy, 30(3), 284–301.
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Cashin, P., Liang, H. & McDermott, C.J. 1999. How persistent are shocks to world commodity prices? Working Paper WP/99/80. IMF: Washington, D.C.
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Giovannucci, Daniele. 2001. Sustainable Coffee Survey of the North American Coffee Industry. Jointly published by The Commission for Environmental Cooperation
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Though growing quickly, sustainable certified coffees still constitute only a few percent of the total purchasing of the largest coffee brands owned by
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companies, still awaiting regulatory approvals for near-term commercialization. Such products – which can be produced via cellular agriculture in
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Gebreeyessus, Getachew Dagnew (August 2022). "Towards the sustainable and circular bioeconomy: Insights on spent coffee grounds valorization".
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Morisset, Jacques (1998). "Unfair trade? The increasing gap between world and domestic prices in commodity markets during the past 25 years".
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Rice, Robert. 1996. Coffee modernization and ecological changes in northern Latin America. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, September 104-113.
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59:(ICO) voiced and documented some of the factors leading to the crisis, especially the dramatic decline in coffee prices to producers.
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whose purchase of sustainable coffees (Rainforest Alliance Certified) now accounts for more than half of its total buying.
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Falling Commodity Prices And Industry Responses: Some Lessons From the International Coffee Crisis
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843:"The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of "Sustainable" Certification"
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By the mid-2000s, sustainable coffees came to include new certification initiatives such as
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Perfecto, Ivette; Rice, Robert A.; Greenberg, Russell; van der Voort, Martha E. (1996).
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A novel type of sustainable coffee initiatives is the development of
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Coffee grown in a way that meets environmental and social standards
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An emerging issue in sustainable coffee is the adoption of a
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Lewin, Bryan; Giovannucci, Daniele; Varangis, Panos (2004).
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583:"Coffee Markets: New Paradigms in Global Supply and Demand"
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sustainability impacts at the field level. The non-profit
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755:"Lab-grown coffee cuts out the beans and deforestation"
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Elder, Sara D.; Lister, Jane; Dauvergne, Peter (2014).
456:"Shade coffee: A disappearing refuge for biodiversity"
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Presentation at the ICO 2010 World Coffee Conference
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funders, non-governmental can become susceptible to
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International Institute for Sustainable Development
816:"Sustainable coffee grown in Finland – | VTT News"
210:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
571:. In Commodity Market Review 2003-2004. FAO:Rome.
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691:Voora, V., Bermudez, S., and Larrea, C. (2019).
505:and The Specialty Coffee Association of America
360:(3). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank: 503–526.
320:. Washington, D.C.: The Consumer Choice Council.
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895:ICO document WP-Board No. 970/05 Rev. 1
841:Blackman, Allen; Rivera, Jorge (2010).
466:(8). Oxford University Press: 598–608.
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315:"Sustainable Coffee at the Crossroads"
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313:Rice, Paul; McLean, Jennifer (1999).
101:Sustainable coffee initiatives expand
998:Quick Guide to Coffee Certifications
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30:. This includes coffee certified as
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26:that is grown and marketed for its
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2013:United States Barista Championship
753:Lavars, Nick (20 September 2021).
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822:. 15 September 2021
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234:life-cycle approach
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2006:Competitions
1992:Tasse à café
1829:Coffee break
1798:Coffeehouses
1788:Bakery cafés
1757:White coffee
1747:Tenom coffee
1652:Irish coffee
1532:Café de olla
1517:Café au lait
1459:Vacuum maker
1427:Coffee syrup
1417:French press
1283:Caffeic acid
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2059:Coffee wars
1889:Substitutes
1859:Coffeehouse
1672:Kopi tubruk
1637:Iced coffee
1617:Frappuccino
1587:Café Cubano
1577:Coffee milk
1557:Caffè mocha
1547:Caffè crema
1405:French drip
1373:Drip coffee
1356:Coffeemaker
1313:Preparation
1293:Coffee bean
1198:Maracaturra
154:bioreactors
2134:Categories
2044:Coffee bag
1963:Coffee cup
1902:Barley tea
1727:Raf coffee
1707:Marocchino
1697:Long black
1667:Kopi luwak
1607:Flat white
1597:Egg coffee
1562:Cappuccino
1537:Café Touba
1449:Percolator
1351:Chorreador
1271:Components
1203:Maragogipe
1089:Production
1060:Fair trade
939:: 155113.
915:2021-04-08
826:18 October
795:26 October
764:18 October
460:BioScience
300:References
193:Fair trade
180:neoliberal
150:bioeconomy
82:World Bank
80:, and the
36:fair trade
1980:Demitasse
1907:Barleycup
1874:Latte art
1869:Kopi tiam
1839:CoffeeCon
1807:Lifestyle
1772:Yuenyeung
1737:Ristretto
1567:Carajillo
1487:Americano
1393:ristretto
1361:Cold brew
1321:AeroPress
1178:Bonifieur
1153:varieties
1055:Economics
969:248138300
910:Evidensia
759:New Atlas
665:154423375
602:153135533
374:1564-698X
139:Nespresso
135:Starbucks
1937:Maya nut
1712:Mazagran
1602:Espresso
1482:Affogato
1439:Moka pot
1434:Knockbox
1378:Espresso
1288:Caffeine
1278:Cafestol
1247:Racemosa
1233:Liberica
961:35427619
877:147–163.
705:cite web
244:See also
131:Sara Lee
116:Sara Lee
1922:Chicory
1814:Barista
1732:Red eye
1717:Moretta
1582:Cortado
1502:Bicerin
1303:Kahweol
1254:Robusta
1208:Molokai
1183:Bourbon
1168:Benguet
1162:Arabica
1148:Species
1065:History
941:Bibcode
507:English
503:Spanish
482:1312989
382:3990185
32:organic
2116:
1968:sleeve
1942:Postum
1722:Oliang
1627:Garoto
1383:doppio
1341:Chemex
1331:Jebena
1239:Barako
1218:Sagada
1188:Geisha
1048:Topics
1041:Coffee
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499:French
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129:, and
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76:, the
72:, the
38:, and
24:coffee
2032:Misc.
1985:spoon
1975:Cezve
1947:Qishr
1702:Lungo
1687:Latte
1657:Karsk
1622:GalĂŁo
1388:lungo
1366:nitro
1346:Cezve
965:S2CID
661:S2CID
641:(PDF)
598:S2CID
586:(PDF)
518:Rome.
478:JSTOR
378:JSTOR
318:(PDF)
127:Kraft
112:Kraft
22:is a
1997:Zarf
1932:Inka
1912:Caro
1662:Kopi
1497:Bica
1260:Sulu
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1193:Kona
1150:and
957:PMID
864:help
828:2021
797:2021
766:2021
711:link
623:help
555:help
530:SSRN
501:and
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114:and
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