202:
762:). The Judicial Administration includes affairs related to the personnel, the courthouse, the physical inventory, the budget, collaboration programs with universities, foreign countries, the press, the internal rules as well as the presidium, the secretariat, the bureau of evidence and the library and recruiting commissions. The president also presides over the personnel and second disciplinary committees. Like any other court president, the president of the Supreme Court has the power to indefinitely suspend any justice from duty; a suspension automatically triggers a disciplinary proceeding again that justice.
903:
743:
612:
34:
698:). The case manager directs the preliminary research. An office staffed with about 30 to 40 researchers and other assistants is attached to the Court to aid case managers in this task. Once the preliminary investigation is complete, the panel convenes, hears the official presentation of case and research by the case manager, deliberates, and votes. The case manager votes first, the presiding justice votes last; other members vote in order of decreasing seniority.
1025:, elaborating on a number of the provisions of the Pillersdorf Constitution. In particular, the March Constitution confirmed that the judicial powers and responsibilities of landlords, cities, and ecclesiastical corporations were abolished. All disputes were to be settled by the State, in courts explicitly created by statutory law and according to procedure explicitly set forth in statutory law. The new constitution also expressly established
1071:. A complete rewrite of the Penal Procedure Code in 1853 eliminated judicial independence and, partially, the separation of powers. The hierarchy of trial and appellate courts in general and the Supreme Court of Cassation at its top in particular, however, survived. The Court then also survived the gradual return to constitutional rule between 1860 and 1868, although it lost jurisdiction over the eastern half of the empire when the
241:). If the case is a civil case, the appellate court will examine whether the trial court has made any procedural errors: if yes, it orders a retrial, sending the case back to the trial court; if no, or if the case is criminal, the appellate court conducts what is essentially a retrial itself. An appellate trial does not merely review points of law but also points of fact, assessing evidence and questioning witnesses again.
977:
689:. Though it is common for the president, the vice presidents and the presiding justices of the Court to chair a panel, it is not a legal necessity. For example, the 18th panel of the Court is chaired by a vice president and includes a presiding justice as ordinary member; conversely, the 11th panel was chaired by a presiding justice and included a vice president as ordinary member.
653:) that provides the minister with a shortlist of three candidates in the event of a vacancy. In theory, the minister may appoint any Austrian legally qualified to sit on the bench (and not excluded by the constitution's rudimentary incompatibility provisions). In practice, the minister dependably picks one of the three candidates nominated by the Court.
927:. Feudal structures had been replaced with rules-based bureaucracies, hereditary local potentates with professional civil servants. The consolidation and modernization of jurisprudence, on the other hand, had been allowed to lag. Civil and criminal procedure as well as the criminal code proper had made great strides forward during the reigns of
400:. A successful appeal-at-law not only overturns but utterly erases the ruling of the appellate court, sending the case down the ladder again. Decisions of trial courts − although not of appellate courts − that result from a trial court's invocation of an unconstitutional statute or ordinance can be challenged in the
954:) in others, with petty landlords in parts of the countryside, and with proto-democratic municipal governments in certain cities. Clergy, aristocracy, transients, or members of guilds could be subject to claims of jurisdiction based not on locale or subject matter but purely on social class. There was no systematic
1134:
in March 1938 made the
Supreme Court superfluous and, in fact, inconvenient; for one thing, the German judiciary used the same four-tier hierarchy as its Austrian counterpart. The judicial districts served by German and Austrian local, regional, and higher regional courts, respectively, were roughly
1007:
in April 1848. The constitution promised increased civil liberties, provided for a limited form of democratic participation in government, and stipulated that from now on all jurisprudence would be within the purview of the emperor, implicitly promising and end to
Austria's jumbled mess of landlord,
568:
to this day. Formal expert opinions on draft bills offered by political lobbying groups, professional associations, churches, regional governments, and various arms of the federal bureaucracy are a routine part of the legislative process; neither the
Cabinet nor the legislature are required to defer
1098:
necessitated a number of changes to
Austria's system of courts of public law. The system of general courts, on the other hand, remained largely unaffected, except of course for its drastic decrease in geographic reach. A pair of laws enacted by the emerging republic's provisional government in late
444:; hears complaints regarding the constitutionality of statutes or the legality of ordinances, hears election complaints, and hears complaints regarding the conduct of sitting elected officials and political appointees. While the general courts deal with all civil and criminal cases.
619:
Since the early 21st century, the
Supreme Court typically has fifty to sixty members but Court and Cabinet may appoint as many justices as they deem necessary and appropriate. As with any other general court, Supreme Court justices are professional judges; they have graduated from
262:), a unique specialised judicial body with the power to review the compliance of lower court verdicts with statutory and constitutional law; as its nature and purpose is different from all other prosecution services, the Supreme Prosecutorial Service cannot file
514:) over them. The Ministry of Justice has operational authority over the higher regional courts, the higher regional courts over the regional courts and the regional courts over the district courts; operational authority does not confer the right to meddle with
473:
and are limited to hearing appeals. To guarantee a consistent, nationwide interpretation and application of the law, some verdicts may be appealed to the
Supreme Court directly, especially verdicts citing past and potentially outdated Supreme Court decisions.
719:) and that existing Supreme Court case law in the matter is ambiguous or inconsistent, the panel has to add an additional six members, for a total of eleven. A case that raises a question of law of wider importance also requires a panel of eleven (
496:). The first disciplinary committee of the Court deals with the Court's own justices and personnel. In contrast, the second disciplinary committee deals with the judges, attorneys and other personnel of the aforementioned inferior institutions.
681:
over all
Austrian antitrust cases. A third panel handles disciplinary proceedings and other disputes internal to the judiciary. Of the remaining fifteen panels, ten deal with regular civil cases and five with criminal trials.
173:
The Court does not have a fixed number of members. As of the early 21st century, there are typically between fifty and sixty justices on the Court. The responsibility for appointing
Supreme Court justices is vested in the
1036:
Subsequent legislation pursuant to the March
Constitution created a system of general courts that also survived, with a few significant but narrow alterations, to this day. Most notably, the Constitution of the Courts
428:). The courts of public law are responsible for the executive and legislative branches of government. One of its limbs, the administrative court system, reviews the legality of administrative acts. Its other limb, the
1165:) in the near future; any institution that expressly and specifically served the territory traditionally known as Austria would eventually have to be disbanded in any case. The Court ceased operations in March 1939.
673:). The fixed apportionment is meant to prevent the Cabinet from influencing outcomes by hand-picking a panel sympathetic to its perspective. One panel exclusively deals with appeals decisions reached by
3949:
4062:
4067:
499:
It also has appellate jurisdiction in disciplinary proceedings against lower-ranking judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and notaries. Decisions handed down by the Court are final.
556:. The Court does not have the authority to actually veto legislation, however, and neither does it have the soft power to make draft bills politically untenable. Austria is a
3979:
3919:
490:
complaints against justices of the
Supreme Court and higher regional courts and attorneys of the Supreme Prosecutorial Service and the higher regional prosecution services (
1008:
estate, and ecclesiastical courts. Another milestone was an edict issued on August 21 abolishing the Supreme Judicial Office and creating the Supreme Court of Cassation (
4047:
996:, equality before the law, and the abolition of outdated remnants of the feudal system, finally forced the Habsburgs to take drastic action. The first milestone was the
3787:
3924:
1168:
When Austria regained independence in 1945, the Supreme Court was restored. Since then, its role and institutional structure have remained largely unchanged.
1099:
1918 and early 1919 confirmed the Supreme Court in its existence. The only thing the transition really changed was the name: the Supreme Court of Cassation (
482:
In addition to that, the Court also deals with some intra-judicial disputes. It hears, as court of first instance, complaints lodged by judges against the
4768:
4523:
3749:
958:
between judiciary and administration. The State as such mostly only exercised a limited amount of appellate jurisdiction. The Supreme Judicial Office (
222:
The Supreme Court of Justice has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all civil and criminal court cases in Austria and is the highest body within the
463:); decisions of district courts can be appealed to the respective regional court, regional court verdicts can be appealed to a higher regional court (
4783:
667:) of five members each. As everywhere in the Austrian court system, panels are subject to a fixed and specific apportionment of responsibilities (
2874:
Schaarschmidt, Thomas (2017). "Multi-Level Governance in Hitler's Germany: Reassessing the Political Structure of the National Socialist State".
3817:
1061:) of January 1850 implemented an empire-wide hierarchy of trial and appellate courts that is virtually identical to the contemporary system.
885:
108:
615:
The four courtrooms for public hearings of the Supreme Court are all located on the right side of the second floor in the Palace of Justice.
692:
A new case that comes before the Court is first assigned to the relevant panel. One of the members of the panel is appointed case manager (
266:
and does not have operational authority over lower prosecution services, though it may handle certain demarcation conflicts between them.
3208:
677:
tribunals; another panel hears appeals against antitrust verdicts handed down by the Vienna higher regional court, which has specialist
3872:
989:
939:
had revolutionized the civil code. In terms of its organizational structure, however, the Court system was still essentially medieval.
750:
The president of the Supreme Court is the head and chief administrator of the Court. The president leads the judicial administration (
2991:
Die Eingliederung Österreichs in das Deutsche Reich. Planung und Verwirklichung des politisch-administrativen Anschlusses (1938−1940)
1112:
4132:
4389:
3701:
3686:
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3656:
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3626:
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3566:
3551:
3536:
3521:
3507:
3492:
3478:
3463:
544:
In addition to its adjudicative functions, the Court is charged with publishing appraisals of draft legislation presented to the
159:
1017:
When Ferdinand's concessions failed to appease the revolutionaries and Ferdinand was forced to abdicate, his successor, Emperor
3822:
3742:
1064:
A statute enacted in August 1850 established the panel system and otherwise detailed Supreme Court organization and procedure.
968:, created by Maria Theresa in 1749, functioned both as a token court of last appeal and as a rudimentary ministry of justice.
596:
As of September 2023, the Supreme Court of Justice consists of a president, two vice presidents, thirteen presiding justices (
3096:
3077:
3058:
3036:
3017:
2998:
2979:
2960:
2930:
2904:
2864:
2841:
2822:
3433:
GBlÖ 1939/307, Verordnung zur weiteren Überleitung des Rechtspflege im Lande Österreich und in den sudetendeutschen Gebieten
1159:). For another thing, the Nazis were already planning to dissolve the State of Austria into a number of unlinked provinces (
4477:
4364:
4009:
3989:
4344:
4057:
4024:
3969:
3964:
3929:
3837:
3136:
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1072:
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3909:
3894:
3862:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3768:
3735:
906:
As an independent tribunal committed to the rule of law, the Supreme Court was first established during the reign of
734:
The Court only rarely meets in plenum; a plenary session is mainly required to authorize the yearly activity report.
4014:
4778:
3944:
3298:
3280:
3172:
919:
Between shortly after 1300 and shortly before 1800, the Habsburgs had gradually transformed their empire from a
201:
4623:
4339:
4089:
3154:
936:
429:
401:
163:
4533:
4354:
3792:
3244:
932:
644:
560:
in which most bills originate not from individual lawmakers but from the Cabinet; the country has had strong
553:
179:
71:
4513:
4430:
4252:
4125:
3867:
3812:
1022:
3324:
552:; the Court is required to evaluate a Cabinet bill if asked to do so by the president of the Court or the
4557:
4312:
3939:
3899:
3857:
3802:
3226:
1150:
781:
4773:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4450:
4267:
4052:
3914:
1067:
Effective 1852, Franz Joseph rescinded the March Constitution, attempting to reestablish himself as an
545:
210:
3448:
3440:
4415:
4374:
4334:
4084:
3994:
3190:
1018:
981:
186:
56:
935:
in the late 18th century, a period of rapid and profound reform. In the early 19th century, Emperor
4359:
4282:
4099:
4029:
4019:
3887:
3882:
3852:
3847:
3827:
3807:
3782:
1119:
997:
897:
787:
312:
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4614:
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4440:
4420:
4369:
4302:
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4118:
4004:
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3934:
3904:
3842:
3832:
993:
4609:
4503:
4457:
4242:
4222:
3999:
3984:
1004:
907:
701:
In cases that are trivial or routine, the panel is permitted to meet as a panel of just three (
678:
487:
437:
368:
151:
4599:
4467:
4435:
1026:
549:
515:
483:
470:
441:
713:) suspects that a case currently before it may raise a question of law of wider importance (
440:, handles demarcation conflicts between courts of law, or between courts and members of the
4604:
4589:
4543:
4462:
4425:
4349:
4322:
4232:
2944:
2940:
1030:
955:
902:
742:
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557:
223:
175:
1135:
comparable in size. Decisions of Germany's 28 higher regional courts were appealed to the
8:
4677:
4619:
4569:
4528:
4472:
4403:
4210:
3118:
565:
4733:
4726:
4639:
4538:
4508:
4491:
4277:
4257:
4171:
4153:
4145:
2883:
2853:
1001:
942:
Original jurisdiction over most civil and criminal matters resided with local princes (
725:) if the verdict is going to overturn a large body of existing Supreme Court case law (
413:
182:. The minister picks from a shortlist of three nominees provided by the Court itself.
4652:
4518:
4379:
4307:
4297:
4237:
4161:
3092:
3073:
3054:
3032:
3013:
2994:
2975:
2956:
2948:
2926:
2900:
2860:
2837:
2818:
1149:
and the paltry 3 higher regional courts of the Reich's new territorial addition, the
1068:
984:
ended up presiding over the development of Austria's modern system of general courts.
561:
433:
980:
Although he originally resisted judicial independence and the separation of powers,
4742:
4707:
4692:
4682:
4662:
4629:
4579:
4227:
4200:
3877:
1145:; there was no strong reason for an extra appeals court intermediating between the
879:
661:
For the purpose of actually trying cases, the Court is partitioned into 18 panels (
397:
3262:
3046:
4672:
4262:
4247:
263:
129:
469:). The four higher regional courts and the Supreme Court of Justice do not have
235:
Any party to a general court case can file an appeal on points of fact and law (
4747:
4445:
3339:
2834:
Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries
920:
796:
756:), which also comprises the two vice presidents as well as the chief of staff (
524:). The higher regional courts are also responsible for the general management (
3393:
RGBl 1850/325, Organisation des obersten Gerichts- und Cassationshofes in Wien
636:). Supreme Court justices cannot be members of a cabinet or legislative body.
508:) over lower-ranking judicial bodies, it does not have operational authority (
4762:
4666:
4287:
3758:
3409:
StGBl 1919/41, Gesetz betreffend die Einrichtung eines Obersten Gerichtshofes
2337:
1137:
1116:
928:
924:
867:
342:
143:
4215:
4178:
3727:
611:
322:
302:
206:
155:
3441:
StGBl 1949/47, Wiederherstellung der österreichischen Gerichtsorganisation
3012:(11th ed.). Vienna: Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung.
1088:
923:
of numerous independent realms and territories into a highly centralized
873:
686:
674:
448:
384:
332:
282:
33:
2887:
4094:
3334:. No. 3–4/2006. Austrian Ministry of the Interior. pp. 75–81.
621:
383:) and various other things; they are primarily adjudicated by judicial
292:
167:
4574:
4292:
3611:
1131:
1092:
1091:
and the Austrian rump state's subsequent transition from monarchy to
643:, but the president can and usually does delegate this power to the
4205:
4188:
4110:
3449:
StGBl 1949/94, Überleitung der Verwaltungs- und Justizeinrichtungen
1095:
358:
178:, but the president can and usually does delegate this task to the
2897:
The Constitution of the Republic of Austria: A Contextual Analysis
4183:
4141:
1142:
250:) can be filed by any party, appeals-at-law in criminal matters (
147:
301:). Non-adversary proceedings in turn include matters related to
4193:
3207:
2604:
965:
190:
60:
3369:
RGBl 1848/150, Reichsverfassung für das Kaiserthum Oesterreich
2421:
2255:
2253:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1536:
4166:
976:
630:) in actual courthouses and passed a specialized final exam (
3722:
2475:
639:
The responsibility for appointing justices is vested in the
2325:
2250:
1788:
90:
1266:
256:) can only be filed by the Supreme Prosecutorial Service (
2433:
647:. The Court maintains a specialized personnel committee (
1896:
3401:
StGBl 1918/38, Grundgesetz über die richterliche Gewalt
2349:
2313:
2277:
2265:
2034:
2022:
731:) or a verdict handed down by another panel of eleven.
502:
Although the Supreme Court has disciplinary authority (
3493:"Richter- und Staatsanwaltschaftsdienstgesetz (RStDG)"
1764:
3377:
RGBl 1848/278, Grundzüge der neuen Gerichtsverfassung
1776:
1410:
1386:
1302:
1208:
1206:
1204:
746:
The Office of the President in the Palace of Justice.
624:, done four years of internship-type practical work (
1422:
1398:
1278:
275:) as well as so-called "non-adversary proceedings" (
2409:
432:, adjudicates on liability claims against Austria,
2852:
2178:
2070:
1722:
1201:
948:) in some regions, with the estates of the realm (
1838:
1836:
1834:
451:cases are adjudicated either by district courts (
4760:
2953:Österreichisches Staatsrecht. Band 1: Grundlagen
2939:
2923:Grundriss des österreichischen Verfassungsrechts
2706:
2010:
1290:
70:Appointed by the president on nomination of the
3385:RGBl 1850/25, Provisorische Strafproceß-Ordnung
3338:
3189:
2836:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
2259:
1998:
1986:
1801:
396:It hears "appeals-at-law" against decisions of
3031:(2nd ed.). Vienna: Böhlau Studienbücher.
2238:
1831:
407:
196:
46:21 August 1848 (as Supreme Court of Cassation)
4126:
3743:
3261:
3029:Österreichische und deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
2873:
2718:
1923:
1470:
1314:
1049:) of June 1849 and the Penal Procedure Code (
185:The Supreme Court of Justice convenes in the
48:25 January 1919 (as Supreme Court of Justice)
3757:
3612:"Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB)"
1434:
1160:
1154:
1106:
1100:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1009:
959:
949:
943:
757:
751:
728:ein Abgehen von der ständigen Rechtsprechung
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
693:
668:
662:
648:
631:
625:
603:
597:
578:
531:
525:
519:
509:
503:
491:
464:
458:
452:
423:
417:
404:by filing an "extraordinary appeal-at-law".
388:
378:
372:
362:
352:
346:
336:
326:
316:
306:
296:
286:
276:
270:
257:
251:
245:
236:
227:
137:
3297:
3279:
2974:(6th ed.). Vienna: Österreich Verlag.
2784:
2283:
1458:
1446:
1374:
1362:
1132:absorption of Austria into the German Reich
564:tendencies historically and remains highly
213:, the seat of the Supreme Court since 1881.
16:Supreme civil and criminal court of Austria
4769:1848 establishments in the Austrian Empire
4133:
4119:
3750:
3736:
3423:
3171:
3086:
3067:
2682:
2664:
2331:
2304:
1644:, pp. 50, 333−334, 363, 366, 379–381.
1192:
971:
583:), Austria's official public law library.
269:Civil cases include regular civil trials (
32:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3375:
3367:
3135:
3007:
2920:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2688:
2658:
2634:
2628:
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2568:
2544:
2520:
2496:
2481:
2460:
2454:
2439:
2427:
2394:
2376:
2370:
2355:
2343:
2319:
2298:
1825:, Dienst- und Disziplinargerichtsbarkeit.
1743:
1087:The collapse of the empire at the end of
716:Rechtsfrage von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung
577:The Court maintains the Central Library (
477:
244:While an appeal-at-law in civil matters (
4784:Courts and tribunals established in 1848
3383:
3045:
2831:
2502:
2145:
1881:
1749:
1713:
1683:
1653:
1623:
1593:
1563:
975:
901:
741:
610:
200:
3415:
3225:
3153:
2894:
2850:
2652:
2526:
2415:
1977:
1902:
1887:
1212:
1105:) became the Supreme Court of Justice (
765:The following is a list of presidents:
44:1 May 1749 (as Supreme Judicial Office)
4761:
2812:
1965:
1122:of 1934 retained the Court unaltered.
1075:gained legal independence ensuing the
530:) of all courts within their circuit (
4114:
3731:
3417:BGBl 1920/1, Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz
3243:
3209:"Österreichisch-Ungerische Monarchie"
3010:Österreichische Verfassungsgeschichte
2969:
2859:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
2139:
1707:
1677:
1641:
1617:
1587:
1557:
1186:
447:Within the general court system, all
4140:
3322:
3117:
3026:
2988:
2712:
2598:
2574:
2550:
2466:
2400:
2346:, pp. 29, 37–40, 44, 66, 93–94.
2229:
2205:
2163:
2097:
2076:
1971:
1917:
1863:
1822:
1102:Oberster Gerichts- und Kassationshof
1011:Oberster Gerichts- und Kassationshof
914:
824:1945–1953: Guido Strobele-Wangendorf
768:
3687:"Gerichtsorganisationsgesetz (GOG)"
3535:
2806:
2605:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
1770:
1341:
1082:
1077:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1073:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
898:Judiciary of Austria § History
801:1907–1918: Ignaz Freiherr von Ruber
602:) and forty-four regular justices (
539:
13:
4385:Western European broadleaf forests
3552:"Staatsanwaltschaftsgesetz (StAG)"
3053:(7th ed.). Vienna: Facultas.
2955:(2nd ed.). Vienna: Springer.
2925:(4th ed.). Vienna: Springer.
2914:
2463:, pp. 119, 122, 125, 127−128.
818:
685:Every panel is presided over by a
416:is organized into general courts (
14:
4795:
3769:List of supreme courts by country
3716:
3595:
3491:
2061:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1816:
1782:
1746:, pp. 127–128, 201–202, 223.
1476:
805:
777:1857–1865: Karl Ritter von Krauss
627:richterlicher Vorbereitungsdienst
3610:
3550:
3506:
3477:
3464:"Bundesverfassungsgesetz (B-VG)"
3462:
3070:Kompetenzverteilung in der Krise
2271:
2244:
2223:
2199:
2184:
2169:
2121:
2115:
2091:
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2028:
1947:
1941:
1857:
1755:
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1320:
1308:
1251:
1227:
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3655:
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3625:
3520:
3456:
3425:BGBl 1934-II/1, Verfassung 1934
2757:
2727:
2697:
2673:
2643:
2613:
2583:
2559:
2535:
2511:
2487:
2445:
2385:
2361:
2289:
2214:
2190:
2154:
2130:
2106:
2082:
2046:
1956:
1932:
1908:
1872:
1848:
1842:
1807:
1734:
1728:
1692:
1662:
1632:
1602:
1572:
1548:
1527:
1512:
1497:
1482:
1464:
1452:
1428:
1380:
1368:
1335:
1326:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1257:
833:1958–1965: Ludwig Viktor Heller
217:
166:, it is one of Austria's three
98:
4340:Alps conifer and mixed forests
4090:European Court of Human Rights
3700:
3627:"Allgemeines Grundbuchsgesetz"
3580:
3565:
3299:"List der Präsidenten des OGH"
3072:. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller.
2815:Austrian Legal System and Laws
1752:, pp. 269, 271, 273, 442.
1353:
1347:
1242:
1233:
1218:
1177:
1125:
586:
1:
3672:"Todeserklärungsgesetz (TEG)"
3597:"Rechtspflegergesetz (RpflG)"
3537:"Außerstreitgesetz (AußStrG)"
3451:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3443:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3435:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3427:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3419:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3411:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3403:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3395:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3387:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3379:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3371:. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
3361:
3325:"Österreichs höchste Richter"
2855:Out of the Shadow of the Past
2801:
2796:
857:1994–1998: Herbert Steininger
774:1848–1855: Ludwig Graf Taaffe
737:
591:
572:
3657:"Unterbringungsgesetz (UbG)"
3316:
2601:, pp. 370−371, 385−387.
2469:, pp. 345−353, 356–357.
1171:
1033:of judiciary and executive.
851:1983–1986: Leopold Wurzinger
425:Gerichte öffentlichen Rechts
422:) and courts of public law (
160:Supreme Administrative Court
7:
4313:Military history of Austria
4303:Allied-administered Austria
3522:"Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO)"
3508:"Strafprozeßordnung (StPO)"
3111:
3087:Olechowski, Thomas (2019).
3008:Brauneder, Wilhelm (2009).
782:Anton Ritter von Schmerling
521:richterliche Unabhängigkeit
408:Status within the judiciary
369:involuntary hospitalization
229:ordentliche Gerichtsbarkeit
197:Powers and responsibilities
10:
4800:
3227:"Richterinnen und Richter"
3068:Pernthaler, Peter (1989).
2921:Adamovich, Ludwig (1947).
2876:Historical Social Research
895:
891:
854:1987–1993: Walter Melnizky
848:1981–1982: Rudolf Hartmann
839:1969–1971: Norbert Elsigan
814:1927–1938: Franz Dinghofer
792:1899–1904: Karl Habietinek
533:Oberlandesgerichtssprengel
377:), declarations of death (
4720:
4638:
4565:
4556:
4499:
4490:
4411:
4402:
4330:
4321:
4152:
4085:European Court of Justice
4076:
4038:
3775:
3766:
2895:Stelzer, Manfred (2011).
1040:Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz
863:2003–2006: Johann Rzeszut
670:feste Geschäftseinteilung
656:
351:), preliminary lawsuits (
338:Verlassenschaftsverfahren
114:
104:
97:
85:
77:
66:
52:
40:
31:
26:
21:
4335:Administrative divisions
4283:Federal State of Austria
4100:Benelux Court of Justice
3702:"Jurisdiktionsnorm (JN)"
3642:"Firmenbuchgesetz (FBG)"
3567:"Exekutionsordnung (EO)"
3323:Graf, Philipp J (2006).
2951:; Frank, Stefan (2011).
2832:Lijphart, Arend (1999).
2577:, pp. 361, 363−364.
1686:, pp. 469−470, 473.
1560:, pp. 282, 301–303.
998:Pillersdorf Constitution
860:1999–2002 Erwin Felzmann
827:1954–1955: Franz Handler
811:1919–1927: Julius Roller
788:Karl Ritter von Stremayr
158:matters. Along with the
126:Supreme Court of Justice
22:Supreme Court of Justice
4779:National supreme courts
4370:Pannonian mixed forests
4273:First Austrian Republic
3582:"Insolvenzordnung (IO)"
3356:
2851:Pelinka, Peter (1998).
1866:, Gesetzesbegutachtung.
992:, whose goals included
972:Constitutional monarchy
845:1980: Wolfgang Lassmann
842:1972–1979: Franz Pallin
707:). If a panel of five (
558:parliamentary democracy
4243:Siege of Vienna (1529)
4223:Margraviate of Austria
3818:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3332:Öffentliche Sicherheit
3106:
2989:Botz, Gerhard (1976).
2970:Berka, Walter (2016).
2813:Foster, Nigel (2013).
2301:, pp. 79–85, 101.
1161:
1155:
1107:
1101:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1010:
985:
960:
950:
944:
911:
836:1966–1968: Hans Kapfer
758:
752:
747:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
694:
679:exclusive jurisdiction
669:
663:
649:
632:
626:
616:
604:
598:
579:
532:
526:
520:
510:
504:
493:Oberstaatsanwaltschaft
492:
478:Disciplinary authority
465:
459:
457:) or regional courts (
453:
424:
418:
389:
379:
373:
363:
353:
347:
337:
327:
317:
307:
297:
287:
277:
271:
258:
253:Nichtigkeitsbeschwerde
252:
246:
237:
228:
214:
138:
133:
3340:"Geschäftseinteilung"
3191:"Geschäftsverteilung"
3027:Hoke, Rudolf (1996).
2945:Funk, Bernd-Christian
2707:Adamovich et al. 2011
1545:, Art. 140 (1) 1. d).
1027:judicial independence
979:
905:
830:1956–1957: Karl Wahle
745:
614:
516:judicial independence
484:public administration
471:original jurisdiction
442:public administration
204:
144:final court of appeal
4390:World Heritage Sites
4233:Archduchy of Austria
3303:Oberster Gerichtshof
3285:Oberster Gerichtshof
3267:Oberster Gerichtshof
3249:Oberster Gerichtshof
3231:Oberster Gerichtshof
3213:Oberster Gerichtshof
3195:Oberster Gerichtshof
3177:Oberster Gerichtshof
3159:Oberster Gerichtshof
3141:Oberster Gerichtshof
3123:Oberster Gerichtshof
2232:, Verstärkter Senat.
1920:, Zentralbibliothek.
1108:Oberster Gerichtshof
1031:separation of powers
961:Oberste Justizstelle
956:separation of powers
641:president of Austria
430:Constitutional Court
419:ordentliche Gerichte
402:Constitutional Court
278:Außerstreitverfahren
224:general court system
176:president of Austria
164:Constitutional Court
134:Oberster Gerichtshof
27:Oberster Gerichtshof
4624:freedom of religion
4211:Ostrogothic Kingdom
4039:States with limited
3479:"OGH-Gesetz (OGHG)"
3263:"Zentralbibliothek"
2721:, pp. 221−230.
2715:, pp. 100–107.
2691:, pp. 242–243.
2637:, pp. 201–202.
2595:, pp. 154−155.
2571:, pp. 145−146.
2553:, pp. 359−360.
2484:, pp. 127−128.
2403:, pp. 341−345.
2397:, pp. 112−114.
2260:Geschäftseinteilung
2148:, pp. 269−270.
2142:, pp. 269−271.
1802:Geschäftsverteilung
1716:, pp. 473−474.
1680:, pp. 389−390.
1656:, pp. 449−454.
1626:, pp. 446−447.
1620:, pp. 385−386.
1590:, pp. 383−385.
1275:, §477, §494, §496.
1113:Kelsen Constitution
1052:Strafprozessordnung
994:constitutional rule
990:Revolutions of 1848
645:minister of justice
554:minister of justice
348:Unterhaltsverfahren
288:Exekutionsverfahren
180:minister of justice
78:Number of positions
72:minister of justice
4534:Telecommunications
4278:Austrian Civil War
4258:Congress of Vienna
4253:March Constitution
4172:Kingdom of Noricum
2949:Holzinger, Gerhart
2719:Schaarschmidt 2017
1023:March Constitution
1021:, promulgated the
986:
912:
748:
633:Richteramtsprüfung
617:
566:consensus-oriented
438:its municipalities
414:Austrian judiciary
298:Insolvenzverfahren
215:
67:Composition method
4774:Courts in Austria
4756:
4755:
4716:
4715:
4552:
4551:
4486:
4485:
4478:Political parties
4431:Foreign relations
4398:
4397:
4308:History of Vienna
4238:Habsburg monarchy
4162:Hallstatt culture
4108:
4107:
3495:. August 14, 2018
3281:"Zweite Republik"
3098:978-3-7089-1846-4
3079:978-3-7003-0811-9
3060:978-3-7089-0152-7
3038:978-3-205-98179-4
3019:978-3-214-14876-8
3000:978-3-203-50627-2
2981:978-3-7046-7281-0
2962:978-3-211-89396-8
2941:Adamovich, Ludwig
2932:978-3-709-13505-1
2906:978-1-847-31649-3
2866:978-0-8133-2918-5
2843:978-0-300-07893-0
2824:978-1-135-33658-5
2709:, pp. 88−89.
2334:, pp. 97–99.
2307:, pp. 30–31.
1924:Zentralbibliothek
1905:, pp. 50–56.
1890:, pp. 15–30.
915:Absolute monarchy
769:Habsburg Monarchy
722:verstärkter Senat
580:Zentralbibliothek
562:consociationalist
505:Disziplinargewalt
466:Oberlandesgericht
318:Firmenbuchssachen
259:Generalprokuratur
211:Palace of Justice
187:Palace of Justice
122:
121:
81:61 (January 2024)
57:Palace of Justice
4791:
4736:
4729:
4563:
4562:
4497:
4496:
4409:
4408:
4328:
4327:
4228:Duchy of Austria
4135:
4128:
4121:
4112:
4111:
3776:Sovereign states
3752:
3745:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3723:Official website
3712:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3335:
3329:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3173:"Erste Republik"
3168:
3166:
3165:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3102:
3091:(8th ed.).
3089:Rechtsgeschichte
3083:
3064:
3051:Verfassungsrecht
3042:
3023:
3004:
2993:. Europaverlag.
2985:
2972:Verfassungsrecht
2966:
2936:
2910:
2891:
2870:
2858:
2847:
2828:
2807:English language
2791:
2761:
2755:
2731:
2725:
2701:
2695:
2677:
2671:
2647:
2641:
2617:
2611:
2587:
2581:
2563:
2557:
2539:
2533:
2515:
2509:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2389:
2383:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2218:
2212:
2208:, Dreier Senate.
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2158:
2152:
2134:
2128:
2110:
2104:
2100:, Fünfer Senate.
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2064:, §25, §32, §33.
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1960:
1954:
1936:
1930:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1876:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1829:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1696:
1690:
1666:
1660:
1636:
1630:
1606:
1600:
1576:
1570:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1516:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1199:
1181:
1164:
1158:
1151:State of Austria
1115:of 1920 and the
1110:
1104:
1069:absolute monarch
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1013:
963:
953:
947:
880:Elisabeth Lovrek
761:
759:Präsidialrichter
755:
753:Justizverwaltung
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
697:
695:Berichterstatter
672:
666:
652:
635:
629:
607:
601:
582:
569:to any of them.
546:National Council
540:Legislative role
535:
529:
527:Geschäftsführung
523:
513:
507:
495:
468:
462:
456:
427:
421:
398:appellate courts
392:
382:
376:
366:
356:
350:
340:
330:
320:
310:
308:Grundbuchssachen
300:
290:
280:
274:
264:criminal charges
261:
255:
249:
240:
231:
209:in the Austrian
141:
93:
36:
19:
18:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4712:
4703:Public holidays
4698:National anthem
4634:
4575:Austrian people
4548:
4482:
4394:
4317:
4263:Austria-Hungary
4248:Austrian Empire
4201:Germanic tribes
4148:
4139:
4109:
4104:
4072:
4058:Northern Cyprus
4040:
4034:
3950:North Macedonia
3771:
3762:
3756:
3719:
3707:
3705:
3692:
3690:
3677:
3675:
3662:
3660:
3647:
3645:
3632:
3630:
3617:
3615:
3602:
3600:
3587:
3585:
3572:
3570:
3557:
3555:
3542:
3540:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3510:
3498:
3496:
3483:
3481:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3364:
3359:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3327:
3319:
3307:
3305:
3289:
3287:
3271:
3269:
3253:
3251:
3235:
3233:
3217:
3215:
3199:
3197:
3181:
3179:
3163:
3161:
3145:
3143:
3137:"Drittes Reich"
3127:
3125:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3080:
3061:
3039:
3020:
3001:
2982:
2963:
2933:
2917:
2915:German language
2907:
2867:
2844:
2825:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2785:Zweite Republik
2762:
2758:
2754:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2373:, pp. 6–7.
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2332:Olechowski 2019
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:Pernthaler 1989
2294:
2290:
2284:OGH-Präsidenten
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1650:, Art. 139–140.
1637:
1633:
1629:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1156:Land Österreich
1128:
1085:
974:
917:
900:
894:
821:
819:Second Republic
808:
771:
740:
710:einfacher Senat
659:
599:Senatspräsident
594:
589:
575:
542:
480:
410:
220:
199:
89:
47:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4797:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4738:
4737:
4730:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4636:
4635:
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4607:
4602:
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4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4416:Climate change
4412:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:German Austria
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4025:United Kingdom
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3838:Czech Republic
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3759:Supreme courts
3755:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3717:External links
3715:
3714:
3713:
3698:
3683:
3668:
3653:
3638:
3623:
3608:
3593:
3578:
3563:
3548:
3533:
3524:. May 17, 2018
3518:
3504:
3489:
3475:
3466:. May 15, 2018
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3336:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3295:
3277:
3259:
3241:
3223:
3205:
3187:
3169:
3151:
3133:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3084:
3078:
3065:
3059:
3047:Öhlinger, Theo
3043:
3037:
3024:
3018:
3005:
2999:
2986:
2980:
2967:
2961:
2937:
2931:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2892:
2882:(2): 282−242.
2871:
2865:
2848:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2781:, p. 259.
2779:Brauneder 2009
2776:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2745:, p. 252.
2743:Brauneder 2009
2740:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:Brauneder 2009
2686:
2683:BGBl 1934-II/1
2679:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:Erste Republik
2662:
2661:, p. 223.
2659:Brauneder 2009
2656:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:Brauneder 2009
2632:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2593:Brauneder 2009
2589:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2569:Brauneder 2009
2565:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2547:, p. 134.
2545:Brauneder 2009
2541:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2482:Brauneder 2009
2474:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2461:Brauneder 2009
2458:
2451:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2395:Brauneder 2009
2391:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:Brauneder 2009
2374:
2371:Adamovich 1947
2367:
2360:
2356:Brauneder 2009
2348:
2344:Brauneder 2009
2336:
2324:
2320:Brauneder 2009
2312:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2299:Brauneder 2009
2295:
2288:
2276:
2274:, Art. 88 (3).
2264:
2249:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2058:, Art. 86 (2).
2052:
2045:
2043:, Art. 86 (1).
2033:
2031:, Art. 92 (2).
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:, p. 188.
1975:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1744:Brauneder 2009
1740:
1733:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1710:, p. 391.
1705:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:, p. 445.
1591:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:, p. 273.
1561:
1554:
1547:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1230:, Art. 92 (1).
1224:
1217:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:Erste Republik
1190:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1127:
1124:
1084:
1083:First Republic
1081:
982:Franz Joseph I
973:
970:
921:personal union
916:
913:
893:
890:
889:
888:
884:2024–present:
882:
876:
870:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
820:
817:
816:
815:
812:
807:
806:First Republic
804:
803:
802:
799:
797:Emil Steinbach
793:
790:
784:
778:
775:
770:
767:
739:
736:
658:
655:
593:
590:
588:
585:
574:
571:
541:
538:
511:Dienstaufsicht
479:
476:
454:Bezirksgericht
409:
406:
380:Todeserklärung
219:
216:
198:
195:
120:
119:
118:1 January 2024
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
95:
94:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
63:
54:
50:
49:
42:
38:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4796:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Ethnic groups
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Austrofascism
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:International
4079:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:South Ossetia
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Liechtenstein
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3703:
3699:
3688:
3684:
3673:
3669:
3658:
3654:
3643:
3639:
3628:
3624:
3613:
3609:
3598:
3594:
3583:
3579:
3568:
3564:
3553:
3549:
3538:
3534:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3505:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3476:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3156:
3155:"Einrichtung"
3152:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2902:
2899:. Boomsbury.
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:. Routledge.
2816:
2811:
2810:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2773:StGBl 1949/94
2771:
2768:
2767:StGBl 1949/47
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2749:Drittes Reich
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:GBlÖ 1939/307
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:StGBl 1919/41
2627:
2624:
2623:StGBl 1918/38
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:RGBl 1850/325
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:RGBl 1848/278
2495:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2455:RGBl 1848/150
2453:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2440:RGBl 1848/150
2436:
2429:
2428:RGBl 1848/150
2424:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2379:, p. 93.
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2358:, p. 66.
2357:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2322:, p. 79.
2321:
2316:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2168:
2166:, p. 76.
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2146:Öhlinger 2007
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2120:
2118:, Art. 87−88.
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2079:, p. 76.
2078:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1976:
1974:, p. 76.
1973:
1970:
1968:, p. 38.
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:Lijphart 1999
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:Öhlinger 2007
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1714:Öhlinger 2007
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1684:Öhlinger 2007
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1654:Öhlinger 2007
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1624:Öhlinger 2007
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1594:Öhlinger 2007
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1564:Öhlinger 2007
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1311:, Art. 4 (2).
1310:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1287:, §482, §484.
1286:
1281:
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1147:Reichsgericht
1144:
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1138:Reichsgericht
1133:
1123:
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1120:Federal State
1118:
1117:Austrofascist
1114:
1109:
1103:
1097:
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945:Landesfürsten
940:
938:
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929:Maria Theresa
926:
925:unitary state
922:
909:
904:
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883:
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869:
868:Irmgard Griss
865:
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650:Personalsenat
646:
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609:
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584:
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460:Landesgericht
455:
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394:
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390:Rechtspfleger
386:
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374:Unterbringung
370:
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354:Mahnverfahren
349:
344:
343:child support
339:
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329:
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314:
313:incorporation
309:
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295:proceedings (
294:
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30:
25:
20:
4658:Coat of arms
4648:Architecture
4615:Prostitution
4585:Demographics
4463:Legal system
4441:Human rights
4421:Constitution
4216:East Francia
4080:
4068:Transnistria
4030:Vatican City
3797:
3706:. Retrieved
3691:. Retrieved
3676:. Retrieved
3661:. Retrieved
3646:. Retrieved
3631:. Retrieved
3616:. Retrieved
3601:. Retrieved
3586:. Retrieved
3571:. Retrieved
3556:. Retrieved
3541:. Retrieved
3526:. Retrieved
3511:. Retrieved
3497:. Retrieved
3482:. Retrieved
3468:. Retrieved
3457:Contemporary
3346:. Retrieved
3331:
3306:. Retrieved
3302:
3288:. Retrieved
3284:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:
3252:. Retrieved
3248:
3234:. Retrieved
3230:
3216:. Retrieved
3212:
3198:. Retrieved
3194:
3180:. Retrieved
3176:
3162:. Retrieved
3158:
3144:. Retrieved
3140:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:
3088:
3069:
3050:
3028:
3009:
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2971:
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2875:
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2759:
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2645:
2615:
2585:
2561:
2537:
2513:
2503:RGBl 1850/25
2489:
2477:
2447:
2435:
2430:, §20, §100.
2423:
2411:
2387:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2240:
2216:
2192:
2180:
2156:
2132:
2108:
2084:
2072:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1978:Stelzer 2011
1958:
1934:
1910:
1903:Pelinka 1998
1898:
1888:Pelinka 1998
1874:
1850:
1809:
1778:
1766:
1736:
1724:
1694:
1664:
1634:
1604:
1574:
1550:
1538:
1514:
1494:, §§502-505.
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1431:, §§244-252.
1424:
1419:, §§231-235.
1412:
1400:
1395:, §§167-189.
1388:
1376:
1364:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1244:
1220:
1179:
1167:
1146:
1136:
1129:
1111:). Both the
1086:
1066:
1063:
1035:
1019:Franz Joseph
1016:
987:
941:
918:
764:
749:
733:
700:
691:
684:
660:
638:
618:
595:
576:
543:
501:
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488:disciplinary
481:
446:
411:
395:
323:guardianship
272:Zivilprozess
268:
243:
234:
221:
218:Jurisdiction
205:A statue of
184:
172:
125:
123:
4610:Pornography
4600:Health care
4504:Agriculture
4458:LGBT rights
4451:enforcement
4041:recognition
4010:Switzerland
3945:Netherlands
3704:(in German)
3689:(in German)
3674:(in German)
3659:(in German)
3644:(in German)
3629:(in German)
3614:(in German)
3599:(in German)
3584:(in German)
3569:(in German)
3554:(in German)
3539:(in German)
3245:"Zeittafel"
2775:, §25, §69.
2653:BGBl 1920/1
2527:Einrichtung
2416:Einrichtung
1966:Foster 2013
1785:, §82, §90.
1704:, Art. 142.
1674:, Art. 141.
1614:, Art. 138.
1584:, Art. 137.
1407:, §§199 ff.
1213:OGH-Richter
1126:Nazi regime
1089:World War I
1000:enacted by
908:Ferdinand I
886:Georg Kodek
878:2018–2024:
874:Eckart Ratz
872:2012-2018:
866:2007–2011:
795:1904–1907:
786:1891–1899:
780:1865–1891:
704:Dreiersenat
687:chairperson
675:arbitration
587:Composition
449:trial court
385:magistrates
333:inheritance
283:enforcement
168:apex courts
109:Georg Kodek
41:Established
4763:Categories
4678:Literature
4473:Parliament
4436:Government
4355:Ecoregions
4095:EFTA Court
3980:San Marino
3940:Montenegro
3920:Luxembourg
3900:Kazakhstan
3803:Azerbaijan
3708:2023-09-02
3693:2023-09-02
3678:2023-09-02
3663:2023-09-02
3648:2023-09-02
3633:2023-09-02
3618:2023-09-02
3603:2023-09-02
3588:2023-09-02
3573:2023-09-02
3558:2023-09-02
3543:2022-05-12
3528:2018-08-29
3513:2018-08-29
3499:2018-08-29
3484:2018-08-29
3470:2018-08-29
3362:Historical
3348:2023-09-02
3308:2023-09-01
3290:2018-08-30
3272:2018-08-29
3254:2018-08-30
3236:2018-08-29
3218:2018-08-30
3200:2018-08-30
3182:2018-03-30
3164:2018-08-30
3146:2018-08-30
3128:2018-08-29
3119:"Aufgaben"
2802:Literature
2797:References
2140:Berka 2016
1944:, Art. 92.
1773:, §62 (1).
1731:, §§24-62.
1708:Berka 2016
1678:Berka 2016
1642:Berka 2016
1618:Berka 2016
1588:Berka 2016
1558:Berka 2016
1162:Reichsgaue
1093:democratic
951:Landstände
937:Francis II
896:See also:
738:Presidency
622:law school
592:Membership
573:Miscellany
434:its states
293:insolvency
4605:Languages
4590:Education
4544:Transport
4514:Companies
4426:Elections
4365:Mountains
4350:Districts
4323:Geography
4293:Anschluss
4179:Roman Era
3915:Lithuania
3761:of Europe
3317:PDF files
2769:, §1, §4.
2739:, §1, §2.
2713:Botz 1976
2599:Hoke 1996
2575:Hoke 1996
2551:Hoke 1996
2467:Hoke 1996
2401:Hoke 1996
2187:, §5 (2).
2164:Graf 2006
2077:Graf 2006
1972:Graf 2006
1950:, §1 (2).
1530:, §§1 ff.
1524:, §§1 ff.
1299:, §§1 ff.
1236:, §§ 3–4.
1187:Zeittafel
1172:Citations
1005:Ferdinand
933:Joseph II
142:) is the
105:Currently
99:President
91:ogh.gv.at
4743:Category
4620:Religion
4570:Abortion
4529:Taxation
4468:Military
4404:Politics
4206:Rugiland
4189:Pannonia
4146:articles
4048:Abkhazia
3995:Slovenia
3990:Slovakia
3965:Portugal
3823:Bulgaria
3112:Articles
3049:(2007).
2888:44234960
2230:Aufgaben
2206:Aufgaben
2098:Aufgaben
1918:Aufgaben
1864:Aufgaben
1823:Aufgaben
1096:republic
1029:and the
364:Adoption
359:adoption
303:property
247:Revision
238:Berufung
207:Iustitia
162:and the
156:criminal
53:Location
4727:Outline
4688:Museums
4663:Cuisine
4640:Culture
4558:Society
4539:Tourism
4509:Banking
4492:Economy
4298:Ostmark
4184:Noricum
4154:History
4142:Austria
4020:Ukraine
3970:Romania
3930:Moldova
3888:Ireland
3883:Iceland
3878:Hungary
3868:Germany
3863:Georgia
3853:Finland
3848:Estonia
3843:Denmark
3828:Croatia
3813:Belgium
3808:Belarus
3798:Austria
3793:Armenia
3788:Andorra
3783:Albania
2457:, §102.
2442:, §101.
1819:, §111.
1771:AußStrG
1500:, §280.
1342:AußStrG
1260:, §461.
1254:, §280.
1143:Leipzig
1002:Emperor
892:History
550:Cabinet
548:by the
328:Obsorge
148:Austria
86:Website
4748:Portal
4653:Cinema
4524:Mining
4519:Energy
4380:States
4375:Rivers
4345:Cities
4194:Raetia
4144:
4053:Kosovo
4015:Turkey
4005:Sweden
3985:Serbia
3975:Russia
3960:Poland
3955:Norway
3935:Monaco
3905:Latvia
3873:Greece
3858:France
3833:Cyprus
3095:
3076:
3057:
3035:
3016:
2997:
2978:
2959:
2929:
2903:
2886:
2863:
2840:
2821:
2172:, §14.
2124:, §13.
2019:, §16.
1860:, §11.
1845:, §74.
1758:, §29.
1506:, §34.
966:Vienna
664:Senate
657:Panels
605:Hofrat
291:) and
191:Vienna
130:German
61:Vienna
4734:Index
4708:Sport
4693:Music
4683:Media
4630:Women
4580:Crime
4360:Lakes
4167:Celts
4000:Spain
3925:Malta
3895:Italy
3343:(PDF)
3328:(PDF)
2884:JSTOR
2247:, §9.
2226:, §8.
2202:, §6.
2094:, §6.
2062:RStDG
2017:RStDG
2007:, §9.
2005:RStDG
1995:, §2.
1993:RStDG
1817:RStDG
1783:RStDG
1477:RpflG
1323:, §2.
964:) in
152:civil
115:Since
4673:Flag
4667:wine
3357:Laws
3093:ISBN
3074:ISBN
3055:ISBN
3033:ISBN
3014:ISBN
2995:ISBN
2976:ISBN
2957:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2861:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2819:ISBN
2272:B-VG
2245:OGHG
2224:OGHG
2200:OGHG
2185:OGHG
2170:OGHG
2122:OGHG
2116:B-VG
2092:OGHG
2056:B-VG
2041:B-VG
2029:B-VG
1948:OGHG
1942:B-VG
1858:OGHG
1756:StPO
1702:B-VG
1672:B-VG
1648:B-VG
1612:B-VG
1582:B-VG
1543:B-VG
1522:StPO
1504:StPO
1492:StPO
1441:ABGB
1417:ABGB
1405:ABGB
1393:ABGB
1321:StAG
1309:B-VG
1252:StPO
1228:B-VG
1130:The
1058:StPO
988:The
931:and
486:and
436:and
412:The
232:).
154:and
124:The
4446:Law
3107:Web
1843:GOG
1729:GOG
1528:ZPO
1498:ZPO
1465:TEG
1453:UbG
1429:ZPO
1381:FBG
1369:GBG
1336:ZPO
1297:ZPO
1285:ZPO
1273:ZPO
1258:ZPO
1141:in
1055:or
1046:GVG
1043:or
1014:).
608:).
536:).
393:).
367:),
357:),
341:),
331:),
321:),
311:),
281:),
189:in
150:in
146:of
139:OGH
136:or
4765::
4083::
3330:.
3301:.
3283:.
3265:.
3247:.
3229:.
3211:.
3193:.
3175:.
3157:.
3139:.
3121:.
2947:;
2943:;
2880:42
2878:.
2252:^
1833:^
1790:^
1354:IO
1348:EO
1234:JN
1203:^
1079:.
193:.
170:.
132::
59:,
4669:)
4665:(
4626:)
4622:(
4134:e
4127:t
4120:v
3751:e
3744:t
3737:v
3711:.
3696:.
3681:.
3666:.
3651:.
3636:.
3621:.
3606:.
3591:.
3576:.
3561:.
3546:.
3531:.
3516:.
3502:.
3487:.
3473:.
3351:.
3311:.
3293:.
3275:.
3257:.
3239:.
3221:.
3203:.
3185:.
3167:.
3149:.
3131:.
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3022:.
3003:.
2984:.
2965:.
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2890:.
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2529:.
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2418:.
2286:.
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1926:.
1884:.
1804:.
1479:.
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1371:.
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1215:.
1195:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
