1109:
1015:
991:
59:
1003:
696:
47:
1059:
1047:
684:
1035:
1071:
1083:
1360:
1160:
420:
351:
764:
293:
Due to its embryonic derivation from paraxial mesoderm (as opposed to neural crest, from which many other craniofacial bones are derived), it has been posited that "the occipital bone as a whole could be considered as a giant vertebra enlarged to support the brain."
2877:
936:
The basioccipital lies in front of the opening, the two exoccipital condyles lie to either side, and the larger supraoccipital lies to the posterior, and forms at least part of the rear of the cranium. In many
786:
The number of nuclei for the occipital plane is usually given as four, two appearing near the middle line about the second month, and two some little distance from the middle line about the third month of
808:) appears in the posterior margin of the foramen magnum during the fifth month; this forms a separate ossicle (sometimes double) which unites with the rest of the squamous part before birth.
825:
About the fourth year the squamous part and the two lateral parts unite, and by about the sixth year the bone consists of a single piece. Between the 18th and 25th years the occipital and
380:
Running across the outside of the occipital bone are three curved lines and one line (the medial line) that runs down to the foramen magnum. These are known as the
744:
642:
extend from the superior to the lateral angles: they are deeply serrated for articulation with the occipital borders of the parietals, and form by this union the
733:
155:
1058:
549:. The clivus, a smooth bony section, travels upwards on the front surface of the foramen, and the median internal occipital crest travels behind it.
1392:
1014:
748:
971:
Most mammals also have a single fused occipital bone, formed from the four separate elements around the foramen magnum, along with the paired
131:
798:
of the squamous part is ossified from two centers, which appear about the seventh week of fetal life and soon unite to form a single piece.
990:
274:. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in terms of separate parts. From its front to the back is the
819:
portion is ossified from two centers, one in front of the other; these appear about the sixth week of fetal life and rapidly coalesce.
653:
extend from the lateral angles to the inferior angle; the upper half of each articulates with the mastoid portion of the corresponding
439:, a smooth part of the occipital bone travelling upwards in front of it. The median internal occipital crest travels behind it to the
1842:
1193:
1219:"Cranial base in craniofacial development: Developmental features, influence on facial growth, anomaly, and molecular basis"
949:
throughout life. In primitive forms the basioccipital and exoccipitals somewhat resemble the centrum and neural arches of a
1385:
658:
616:
459:
290:. The squamous part is the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum and is the largest part of the occipital bone.
358:
Near the middle of the outer surface of the squamous part of the occipital (the largest part) there is a prominence – the
2882:
2765:
2649:
2448:
2287:
500:
2368:
2350:
2297:
2181:
1339:
286:. The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the
2789:
1364:
953:, and form in a similar manner in the embryo. Together, these latter bones usually form a single concave circular
1965:
1943:
1889:
1378:
903:
899:
860:
485:
440:
363:
359:
283:
279:
2784:
2017:
1142:
907:
816:
335:
275:
17:
2566:
2412:
150:
849:
is the distance between the basion and the top of the dens, used in the diagnosis of dissociation injuries.
2892:
2621:
2208:
2174:
2845:
2589:
2508:
1953:
801:
Union of the upper and lower portions of the squamous part takes place in the third month of fetal life.
608:
489:
1169:
695:
2850:
1835:
469:
The inner surface of the occipital bone is marked by dividing lines as shallow ridges, that form four
627:
369:
From the inion, along the midline of the squamous part until the foramen magnum, runs a ridge – the
2634:
2629:
2424:
2375:
2339:
2221:
1948:
1899:
370:
162:
114:
1002:
898:
In many animals these parts stay separate throughout life; for example, in the dog as four parts:
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2611:
1314:
569:
428:
2686:
2601:
2525:
1099:
838:
718:
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138:
126:
968:, however, the condyle has divided in two, a pattern otherwise seen only in a few amphibians.
822:
The occipital plane is said to be ossified from two centers and the basilar portion from one.
2802:
2714:
2584:
2282:
1828:
2827:
2797:
2429:
2385:
2272:
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788:
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545:
longest front to back; it is wider behind than in front where it is encroached upon by the
1046:
683:
307:
8:
2887:
2812:
2606:
2417:
2147:
2025:
512:
508:
1289:
1108:
1034:
2758:
2719:
2548:
2267:
1938:
1872:
1401:
1246:
930:
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478:
474:
339:
331:
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2520:
2503:
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1973:
1335:
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1189:
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805:
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553:
455:
256:
2878:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
1082:
1070:
1064:
Median sagittal section through the occipital bone and first three cervical vertebræ
612:
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2005:
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1523:
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sitting at the junction between the lateral and base of the occipital bone are the
436:
323:
319:
247:
in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the
186:
31:
886:"back of the skull", from ob "against, behind" + caput "head". Distinguished from
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2693:
2664:
2515:
2310:
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1978:
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707:
669:
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119:
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664:
These two portions of the inferior border are separated from one another by the
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1983:
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432:
260:
248:
1234:
837:
Trauma to the occiput can cause a fracture of the base of the skull, called a
384:
which give attachment to various ligaments and muscles. They are named as the
2871:
2835:
2817:
2493:
2488:
2470:
2400:
2358:
2320:
2314:
2250:
2231:
2196:
2100:
2085:
2072:
1894:
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1723:
1165:
1132:
1025:
925:, the occipital does not form as a separate element, but remains part of the
826:
752:
737:
726:
711:
668:, the notch on the anterior surface of which forms the posterior part of the
654:
577:
484:
At the midpoint where the lines intersect a raised part is formed called the
86:
82:
78:
1820:
1218:
278:, also called the basioccipital, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the
143:
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1021:
972:
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is the point on the opposite posterior part. The basion lines up with the
46:
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1423:
1415:
1409:
1122:
976:
871:
396:
nuchal lines. The inferior nuchal line runs across the midpoint of the
1290:"Basion-dens interval | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
373:(also called the medial nuchal line) and this gives attachment to the
2056:
1745:
1624:
1461:
946:
942:
747:
joins the side edge of the basilar part of the occipital bone to the
271:
244:
1257:
327:
168:
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2152:
1753:
1673:
1508:
1441:
1334:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 221–244.
958:
950:
887:
592:
of the occipital bone articulates with the occipital angles of the
252:
779:, and may remain separate throughout life when it constitutes the
400:
nuchal line. The area above the highest nuchal line is termed the
1688:
1634:
1580:
1570:
1456:
954:
922:
883:
736:
joins the basilar part of the occipital bone and the back of the
542:
451:
287:
1269:
259:
in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the
2051:
1703:
1678:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1546:
1486:
1466:
1359:
965:
815:
from a single center during the eighth week of fetal life. The
812:
427:
The inner surface of the occipital bone forms the base of the
330:. The bone is especially thick at the ridges, protuberances,
216:
1885:
1783:
1763:
1713:
1693:
1683:
1639:
1585:
1575:
1561:
1518:
1446:
867:
282:, also called the exoccipitals, and the back is named as the
240:
102:
933:, the foramen magnum is surrounded by a ring of four bones.
1788:
1778:
1768:
1698:
1551:
1533:
1451:
1436:
1431:
1184:
Susan
Standring; Neil R. Borley; et al., eds. (2008).
775:
of the squamous part of the occipital bone is developed in
232:
763:
596:
and, in the fetal skull, corresponds in position with the
458:. Further out, at each junction between the occipital and
419:
350:
192:
1793:
1758:
1665:
1503:
1498:
1481:
1313:"occipital" A Dictionary of Zoology. Ed. Michael Allaby.
1186:
Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice
210:
204:
996:
Position of occipital bone (shown in green). Animation.
945:, the supraoccipital is never ossified, and remains as
201:
195:
189:
1104:
213:
207:
1330:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
198:
30:"Occiput" redirects here. For entomology term, see
1275:
1263:
1183:
783:; the rest of the bone is developed in cartilage.
511:is the most anterior point of the opening and the
611:: each is received into the interval between the
435:is a large hole situated in the middle, with the
342:it is thin, semitransparent, and without diploë.
270:Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a
2869:
1188:(40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone.
2439:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
1850:
1836:
1386:
443:, and serves as a point of attachment to the
855:can cause a prominent occiput as found in
404:and the area below this line is termed the
1843:
1829:
1400:
1393:
1379:
917:, the most basal portion of the skull. In
866:The identification of the location of the
362:. The highest point of this is called the
57:
45:
488:. From each side of this eminence runs a
473:or depressions. The lines are called the
302:The occipital bone, like the other seven
1253:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
832:
767:Figure 3 : Occipital bone at birth.
762:
418:
349:
607:are situated at the extremities of the
14:
2870:
1164:This article incorporates text in the
829:become united, forming a single bone.
1824:
1374:
906:–left and right parts (exoccipital);
1325:
1323:
982:
811:Each of the lateral parts begins to
617:mastoid portion of the temporal bone
460:petrous portion of the temporal bone
1287:
1216:
24:
957:for the articulation of the first
913:The occipital bone is part of the
613:mastoid angle of the parietal bone
263:, which allows the passage of the
25:
2909:
1352:
1320:
609:groove for the transverse sinuses
522:
1358:
1158:
1107:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1013:
1001:
989:
975:bones that form the rear of the
893:
710:joins the occipital bone to the
694:
682:
414:
345:
185:
1944:Internal occipital protuberance
1890:External occipital protuberance
552:Through the foramen passes the
486:internal occipital protuberance
441:internal occipital protuberance
423:Inner surface of occipital bone
360:external occipital protuberance
354:Outer surface of occipital bone
63:Animation of the occipital bone
1307:
1281:
1223:Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
1210:
1143:Ossification of occipital bone
890:(anterior part of the skull).
758:
326:known in the cranial bones as
13:
1:
1148:
721:joins the occipital bone and
1203:
877:
297:
239:(back and lower part of the
7:
2509:Posterior clinoid processes
1954:Groove for transverse sinus
1172:of the 20th edition of
1093:
882:Occipital stems from Latin
861:Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
334:, and anterior part of the
10:
2914:
2883:Bones of the head and neck
1097:
675:
657:, the lower half with the
633:
526:
340:inferior cerebellar fossae
51:Position of occipital bone
29:
2826:
2774:
2741:
2732:
2707:
2648:
2620:
2565:
2478:
2469:
2447:
2349:
2296:
2258:
2249:
2207:
2123:
2114:
2071:
2039:
2016:
1964:
1871:
1862:
1744:
1664:
1655:
1560:
1532:
1422:
1408:
1235:10.1080/00016350510019847
929:throughout life. In most
628:body of the sphenoid bone
583:
570:posterior spinal arteries
161:
149:
137:
125:
113:
101:
96:
73:
68:
56:
44:
39:
2635:Anterior clinoid process
2630:Superior orbital fissure
2376:Internal auditory meatus
2222:Fossa for lacrimal gland
1949:Internal occipital crest
1900:External occipital crest
1153:
870:occiput is important in
371:external occipital crest
163:Anatomical terms of bone
27:Bone of the neurocranium
2612:Sulcus of auditory tube
1315:Oxford University Press
661:part of the same bone.
556:and its membranes, the
429:posterior cranial fossa
2526:Middle clinoid process
1402:Human regional anatomy
1100:anatomical terminology
979:in other vertebrates.
839:basilar skull fracture
804:An occasional centre (
768:
745:petrous-basilar suture
719:occipitomastoid suture
701:Occipitomastoid suture
538:
499:There are two midline
424:
355:
324:cancellous bone tissue
308:outer and inner layers
2803:Superior nasal concha
2283:Petrotympanic fissure
1217:Nie, Xuguang (2005).
833:Clinical significance
766:
422:
353:
322:between which is the
2798:Supreme nasal concha
2430:Petrosquamous suture
2386:Stylomastoid foramen
2273:Suprameatal triangle
2165:Supraorbital foramen
1367:at Wikimedia Commons
734:sphenobasilar suture
598:posterior fontanelle
533:The foramen magnum (
450:To the sides of the
320:cortical bone tissue
2893:Human head and neck
2813:Middle nasal concha
2766:Perpendicular plate
2607:Infratemporal crest
2148:Superciliary arches
2026:Pharyngeal tubercle
1332:The Vertebrate Body
1276:Gray's Anatomy 2008
1264:Gray's Anatomy 2008
2841:ethmoidal foramina
2759:Olfactory foramina
2720:Sphenoidal conchae
2557:Sphenoidal sinuses
2549:Sphenoidal lingula
2268:Articular tubercle
1939:Cruciform eminence
1266:, p. 424-425.
1098:This article uses
931:higher vertebrates
902:(supraoccipital);
781:interparietal bone
769:
626:is fused with the
574:tectorial membrane
562:vertebral arteries
547:occipital condyles
541:) is a large oval
494:transverse sinuses
456:hypoglossal canals
425:
356:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2728:
2727:
2554:Anterior surface:
2521:Chiasmatic groove
2504:Hypophysial fossa
2499:Tuberculum sellae
2486:Superior surface:
2465:
2464:
2457:Suprameatal spine
2413:Inferior tympanic
2381:Cochlear aqueduct
2288:Zygomatic process
2245:
2244:
2182:Zygomatic process
2081:Parietal eminence
2067:
2066:
1991:Hypoglossal canal
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1363:Media related to
1195:978-0-8089-2371-8
983:Additional images
910:(basioccipital).
853:Genetic disorders
644:lambdoidal suture
554:medulla oblongata
257:base of the skull
177:
176:
172:
16:(Redirected from
2905:
2790:Uncinate process
2749:Cribriform plate
2739:
2738:
2677:pterygoid plates
2541:Lateral surface:
2531:Petrosal process
2476:
2475:
2396:Subarcuate fossa
2326:Occipital groove
2278:Mandibular fossa
2256:
2255:
2237:Frontonasal duct
2138:Frontal eminence
2121:
2120:
2091:Parietal foramen
2006:Jugular tubercle
1910:Suprainiac fossa
1869:
1868:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1662:
1661:
1593:Vertebral column
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1346:
1345:
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1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1288:Hacking, Craig.
1285:
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1199:
1162:
1161:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1017:
1005:
993:
857:Edwards syndrome
843:basion-dens line
698:
686:
651:inferior borders
640:superior borders
558:accessory nerves
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
169:edit on Wikidata
166:
61:
49:
37:
36:
32:occiput (insect)
21:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2857:
2822:
2808:Superior meatus
2782:Lateral surface
2770:
2724:
2703:
2694:Pterygoid canal
2651:
2644:
2616:
2561:
2516:Ethmoidal spine
2461:
2443:
2425:Styloid process
2345:
2311:Mastoid process
2306:Mastoid foramen
2292:
2241:
2227:Trochlear fovea
2217:Ethmoidal notch
2203:
2192:Sagittal sulcus
2110:
2096:Sagittal sulcus
2063:
2035:
2012:
2001:Jugular process
1979:Condyloid fossa
1960:
1858:
1849:
1819:
1810:
1740:
1651:
1556:
1528:
1418:
1404:
1399:
1365:Occipital bones
1355:
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1349:
1342:
1328:
1321:
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1308:
1298:
1296:
1294:radiopaedia.org
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1038:
1029:
1020:Inner surface.
1018:
1009:
1006:
997:
994:
985:
896:
880:
835:
773:occipital plane
761:
723:mastoid portion
708:lambdoid suture
702:
699:
690:
689:Lambdoid suture
687:
678:
670:jugular foramen
666:jugular process
636:
586:
531:
525:
501:skull landmarks
477:(cross-shaped)
464:jugular foramen
417:
411:
402:occipital plane
375:nuchal ligament
348:
300:
249:occipital lobes
188:
184:
173:
64:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2805:
2800:
2795:Medial surface
2792:
2787:
2785:Orbital lamina
2778:
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2771:
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2768:
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2761:
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2592:
2587:
2582:
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2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2546:
2544:Carotid groove
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2482:
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1353:External links
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1278:, p. 425.
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1175:Gray's Anatomy
1155:
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1140:
1138:Occipital lobe
1135:
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1125:
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927:chondrocranium
919:Chondrichthyes
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712:parietal bones
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624:inferior angle
605:lateral angles
594:parietal bones
590:superior angle
585:
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578:alar ligaments
529:Foramen magnum
524:
523:Foramen magnum
521:
505:foramen magnum
433:foramen magnum
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181:occipital bone
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2197:Frontal crest
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2175:Foramen cecum
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1166:public domain
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1008:Outer surface
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904:lateral parts
901:
900:squamous part
894:Other animals
891:
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869:
864:
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848:
845:as seen on a
844:
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827:sphenoid bone
823:
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753:temporal bone
750:
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738:sphenoid bone
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727:temporal bone
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415:Inner surface
412:
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367:
365:
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352:
346:Outer surface
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:(also called
309:
305:
304:cranial bones
295:
291:
289:
285:
284:squamous part
281:
280:lateral parts
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
231:and the main
230:
227:
221:
182:
170:
164:
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157:
154:
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148:
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140:
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118:
116:
112:
109:
108:os occipitale
106:
104:
100:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:Articulations
72:
67:
60:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2840:
2794:
2781:
2754:Crista galli
2676:
2659:
2574:
2553:
2540:
2485:
2434:
2407:
2390:
2364:Facial canal
2351:Petrous part
2298:Mastoid part
2209:Orbital part
2186:
2159:
2142:
2018:Basilar part
1995:
1933:
1916:
1905:Nuchal lines
1880:
1863:
1852:Neurocranium
1542:Adam's apple
1513:
1331:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1185:
1177:
1163:
1157:
1076:Basilar part
1028:are removed.
1022:Frontal bone
977:cranial roof
973:postparietal
970:
963:
935:
912:
908:basilar part
897:
881:
865:
851:
842:
836:
824:
821:
810:
803:
800:
796:nuchal plane
793:
785:
770:
749:petrous-part
742:
731:
716:
705:
663:
650:
648:
639:
637:
623:
621:
604:
602:
589:
587:
551:
532:
498:
483:
468:
449:
445:falx cerebri
426:
410:
406:nuchal plane
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:nuchal lines
379:
368:
357:
336:basilar part
315:
311:
301:
292:
276:basilar part
269:
236:
180:
178:
132:A02.1.04.001
107:
2640:Optic canal
2622:Small wings
2567:Great wings
1128:Neanderthal
915:endocranium
759:Development
265:spinal cord
245:trapezoidal
229:dermal bone
97:Identifiers
2888:Flat bones
2872:Categories
2408:canaliculi
2170:Brow ridge
1709:Fingernail
1299:5 December
1229:(3): 130.
1149:References
1123:Cerebellum
943:amphibians
847:radiograph
789:fetal life
615:, and the
572:, and the
539:large hole
527:See also:
89:, and the
81:, the two
2846:Posterior
2828:Labyrinth
2665:Pterygoid
2652:processes
2650:Pterygoid
2057:Opisthion
1922:Occipital
1864:Occipital
1625:Genitalia
1204:Citations
947:cartilage
939:bony fish
878:Etymology
806:Kerckring
513:opisthion
475:cruciform
338:; in the
298:Structure
272:flat bone
255:. At the
243:). It is
83:temporals
79:parietals
2851:Anterior
2775:Surfaces
2670:Scaphoid
2595:Spinosum
2580:Rotundum
2575:foramina
2479:Surfaces
2471:Sphenoid
2437:ossicles
2251:Temporal
2187:internal
2160:foramina
2153:Glabella
2143:external
2073:Parietal
1934:internal
1881:external
1754:Buttocks
1674:Shoulder
1509:Mandible
1442:Forehead
1243:16191905
1170:page 129
1094:See also
959:vertebra
951:vertebra
888:sinciput
872:delivery
777:membrane
655:temporal
566:anterior
492:for the
479:eminence
394:inferior
390:superior
332:condyles
253:cerebrum
87:sphenoid
77:The two
2734:Ethmoid
2699:Hamulus
2682:Lateral
2590:Vesalii
2435:(note:
2418:Mastoid
2116:Frontal
1996:jugular
1974:Condyle
1854:of the
1799:Toenail
1689:Forearm
1635:Scrotum
1581:Midriff
1571:Abdomen
1564:(Trunk)
1514:Occiput
1457:Eyebrow
1251:1091809
966:mammals
955:condyle
923:Agnatha
884:occiput
817:basilar
751:of the
740:body .
725:of the
676:Sutures
659:petrous
634:Borders
543:foramen
503:at the
462:lies a
452:foramen
386:highest
288:pharynx
251:of the
237:occiput
235:of the
226:cranial
224:) is a
120:D009777
69:Details
2742:Plates
2687:Medial
2660:fossae
2536:Clivus
2391:fossae
2369:Hiatus
2340:Aditus
2052:Basion
2031:Clivus
1927:Nuchal
1917:planes
1734:Little
1724:Middle
1704:Finger
1679:Axilla
1620:Pelvis
1613:Nipple
1608:Breast
1603:Thorax
1547:Throat
1524:Temple
1487:Tongue
1467:Eyelid
1338:
1249:
1241:
1192:
1178:(1918)
859:, and
841:. The
813:ossify
584:Angles
564:, the
560:, the
509:basion
507:. The
490:groove
471:fossae
437:clivus
431:. The
398:median
328:diploë
316:tables
312:plates
306:, has
85:, the
2898:Skull
2708:Other
2602:Spine
2585:Ovale
2040:Other
1886:Inion
1856:skull
1784:Ankle
1764:Thigh
1719:Index
1714:Thumb
1694:Wrist
1684:Elbow
1657:Limbs
1640:Vulva
1630:Penis
1586:Navel
1576:Waist
1562:Torso
1519:Scalp
1492:Tooth
1477:Mouth
1447:Cheek
1247:S2CID
1168:from
1154:Books
868:fetal
535:Latin
364:inion
318:) of
241:skull
167:[
156:52735
103:Latin
91:atlas
2715:Body
1804:Sole
1789:Heel
1779:Foot
1774:Calf
1769:Knee
1729:Ring
1699:Hand
1647:Anus
1598:Back
1552:Nape
1534:Neck
1472:Nose
1452:Chin
1437:Face
1432:Hair
1424:Head
1416:Skin
1410:Body
1336:ISBN
1317:2009
1301:2016
1239:PMID
1190:ISBN
1024:and
941:and
921:and
794:The
771:The
743:The
732:The
717:The
706:The
649:The
638:The
622:The
603:The
588:The
576:and
568:and
517:dens
392:and
233:bone
179:The
127:TA98
115:MeSH
1794:Toe
1759:Hip
1746:Leg
1666:Arm
1504:Jaw
1499:Ear
1482:Lip
1462:Eye
1231:doi
964:In
314:or
151:FMA
144:552
139:TA2
2874::
1322:^
1292:.
1245:.
1237:.
1227:63
1225:.
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388:,
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217:əl
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1888:/
1844:e
1837:t
1830:v
1394:e
1387:t
1380:v
1344:.
1303:.
1233::
1198:.
1102:.
220:/
214:t
211:ɪ
208:p
205:ɪ
202:s
199:ˈ
196:k
193:ɒ
190:ˌ
187:/
183:(
171:]
34:.
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