167:
122:
25:
163:. The era of technical evolution occurred roughly from 1900 to 1945. Part of the technical evolution was driven by the need to compress as much large-gun firepower into the smallest space possible. In early designs, the large-caliber turrets were all located on the same plane firing to one side or the other. In firing ahead or to the rear, usually only the forward-most or rearmost turret could fire, especially at low angles.
259:
254:
Advantages of superfiring turrets over non-superfiring arrangements include improved firing arcs for all except the foremost and rearmost turrets, as well as an increase of useful deck space on which to build the ship's superstructure due to the concentration of the main batteries towards the ends of
142:
armament is a naval military building technique in which two (or more) turrets are located one behind the other, with the rear turret located above ("super") the one in front so that it can fire over the first. This configuration meant that both forward and aft turrets could fire at any target within
268:
featured a combination of superfiring and non-superfiring turrets. The placement of the Z-turret (third from the stern) interfered with the steam turbines, requiring it to be raised above the deck.
315:
battleships, used combinations of superfiring and non-superfiring arrangements. Exclusively non-superfiring arrangements also remained common on destroyers.
279:
Because of this, superfiring arrangements, while common, are not used exclusively. Examples of non-superfiring designs include but are not limited to the
293:
178:
An early concern was that the pressure and shock from the higher turret would damage the lower one when firing over the top. In 1908,
272:
The disadvantage of this arrangement is a higher center of mass as a result of the higher placement of turrets, thus decreasing the
255:
the ship. Depending on the design of the ship and its weapons, it may also help to avoid issues with the ship's propulsion.
287:
89:
276:. The resulting decrease in stability may need to be corrected by compromises elsewhere to keep the center of mass low.
61:
364:
130:
108:
68:
194:
46:
75:
42:
264:
57:
207:
309:
302:
281:
135:. They are "superfiring" because one has been mounted over the other, and can shoot over its top.
35:
243:
298:
217:
232:
383:
8:
231:, utilized a triple-overlap system both forward and astern, their armament of dual-mount
193:
as the testbed proved that superfiring was safe. The result was the design for the first
82:
273:
236:
186:
179:
360:
183:
206:
The first ship with superfiring artillery (though not of the same caliber), was the
235:
dual-purpose main armament having a nearly unobstructed arc of fire. The
British
166:
156:
377:
224:
242:, which were also light cruisers armed entirely with dual-purpose guns (the
16:
Arrangement of gun turrets on a warship with one higher and behind the other
228:
160:
151:
Historically, large surface warships were known by the generic label of
121:
200:
152:
126:
143:
their sector, even when the target was directly ahead of the turrets.
24:
216:
Superfiring was not limited to two turrets. For example, the
258:
129:
on one of the first superfiring battleships, the
Brazilian
174:-class battleship, showing superfiring main armament.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
357:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905
246:), also had three turrets forward, with two aft.
375:
227:, which were developed and built for service in
249:
301:navy, as well as modern ships such as the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
257:
165:
120:
359:, Conway Maritime Press, London, 1979,
355:Roger Chesneau, Eugène Kolesnik (ed.):
308:. In addition, many ships, such as the
376:
297:classes of battleships built for the
155:, with a further distinction between
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
14:
395:
23:
34:needs additional citations for
349:
325:
1:
342:
250:Advantages and disadvantages
7:
10:
400:
146:
318:
262:The Japanese battleship
203:(commissioned in 1910).
333:Brassey's Naval Annual
269:
175:
136:
261:
169:
124:
213:, launched in 1899.
43:improve this article
288:Imperatritsa Mariya
274:metacentric height
270:
208:French battleship
180:United States Navy
176:
170:Line drawing of a
137:
306:-class destroyers
294:Imperator Nikolai
119:
118:
111:
93:
391:
368:
353:
336:
329:
299:Imperial Russian
182:tests using the
157:pre-dreadnoughts
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
399:
398:
394:
393:
392:
390:
389:
388:
374:
373:
372:
371:
354:
350:
345:
340:
339:
331:Reprinted from
330:
326:
321:
252:
149:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
397:
387:
386:
370:
369:
347:
346:
344:
341:
338:
337:
323:
322:
320:
317:
251:
248:
196:South Carolina
172:South Carolina
148:
145:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
396:
385:
382:
381:
379:
366:
365:0-85177-133-5
362:
358:
352:
348:
334:
328:
324:
316:
314:
312:
307:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
283:
277:
275:
267:
266:
260:
256:
247:
245:
241:
239:
234:
233:5"/38 caliber
230:
226:
225:light cruiser
222:
220:
214:
212:
211:
204:
202:
199:
197:
192:
190:
185:
181:
173:
168:
164:
162:
158:
154:
144:
141:
134:
133:
128:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
58:"Superfiring"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
356:
351:
332:
327:
310:
303:
292:
286:
280:
278:
271:
263:
253:
237:
229:World War II
218:
215:
209:
205:
195:
191: (BM-9)
188:
177:
171:
161:dreadnoughts
150:
139:
138:
132:Minas Geraes
131:
125:The two bow
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
384:Battleships
153:battleships
140:Superfiring
127:gun turrets
343:References
244:5.25" Mk 1
201:battleship
99:March 2013
69:newspapers
187:USS
378:Category
311:New York
210:Henri IV
367:, p.295
335:, 1912.
304:Zumwalt
219:Atlanta
189:Florida
184:monitor
147:History
83:scholar
363:
313:-class
291:, and
282:Gangut
240:-class
221:-class
198:-class
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
319:Notes
90:JSTOR
76:books
361:ISBN
265:Fuso
238:Dido
159:and
62:news
223:of
45:by
380::
285:,
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.