Novell - Knowledge

1396: 1667:" for collaboration. Noorda said, "The era of stand-alone personal computing is evolving into group collaboration that connects individuals, groups and companies. Novell's objective is to accelerate this market transition." The geographical proximity, as well as the cultural similarity, between the two companies also made the acquisition seem like a good idea. The stock market was not enthused about the deal and Novell's stock price slid steadily in value. The merger, and acquisition from Borland, both closed on June 24, 1994 (with the public announcement being made on June 27). Because the price for WordPerfect was measured in Novell stock, when the deal closed the cost of WordPerfect had become $ 855 million. Work on the acquired products was organized into the company's Application Group. Both before and after the acquisition, there were substantial layoffs of WordPerfect staff; at the peak right after the acquisition closed, Novell's employee count was around 10,150. Novell's corporate address was shifted to WordPerfect's Orem location for a while. 1921:, showed that 90 percent of them owned NetWare but only 20 percent said they had upgraded to the latest NetWare version and less than half of the users thought they would still be using NetWare three years hence. By March 1996, the company's stock price had fallen from a high of $ 33 a share in 1993 to a new low of under $ 12. Revenue declined from 1995 on. By 1997, Windows NT was winning 42 percent of new network operating system installations versus 33 percent for NetWare, and it was on the verge of overtaking NetWare even when upgrade sales were included. Overall, NetWare's market share had fallen to 26 percent and had been passed by Windows NT's 36 percent. Unix also had a significant share, and the free software Linux operating system had started to appear and make inroads as well. 1948: 1529:

project endured prolonged internal architectural debates and resistance from the NetWare side due to a reluctance to believe that Unix was really superior to NetWare in key aspects. In one instance, Novell's Drew Major and Chorus Systèmes' Michel Gien disagreed in the trade press about whether the existent Chorus technology was up to the task. The long-running disputes reflected cultural and political divisions between the San Jose (with Rekhi being a Unix supporter before leaving altogether) and Utah camps within Novell. In any case the 1997 date was seen by industry observers as being too late to forestall the market-share gains that Windows NT was already making.

2810: 2441: 1886: 2189: 1640: 1058: 2499:. According to Novell's SEC filing, the patents "relate primarily to enterprise-level computer systems management software, enterprise-level file management and collaboration software in addition to patents relevant to our identity and security management business, although it is possible that certain of such issued patents and patent applications read on a range of different software products". The Attachmate Group expressed in advance of the deal closing that there would no change to the relationship between the SUSE business and the openSUSE project. The merger completed in April 2011, with 2593: 1632: 2306: 1102:. As one industry analyst said, "They've done a wonderful job of farming distribution out. They train people who go out and train other people, and every time somebody gets trained, they get another Netware bigot, and make another dollar. They are getting paid to have people go out and be evangelists." The partnering approach also worked well in overseas markets, such as in Japan where Novell set up a subsidiary that major Japanese electronics firms invested in, or in South America and Eastern Europe where Novell set up authorized distributors. 635: 1533: 957: 1872:, and other services for connecting NetWare networks to the Internet. Another was a new version of NDS, that was capable of running with Windows NT, not just NetWare. And still another was NetWare 5.0, released in October 1998, with hopes for it accelerating Novell's improved fortunes under Schmidt. NetWare 5.0 leveraged and built upon eDirectory and introduced new functions, such as Novell Cluster Services (NCS, a replacement for SFT-III) and Novell Storage Services (NSS), a replacement for the traditional 8115: 2234:– when Novell got out of the Unix business as part of abandoning its effort to take on Microsoft on all fronts – and a 1996 amendment that had attempted to clarify that agreement. The SCO Group believed that the transfer included ownership of, and copyrights for, the source code for the Unix operating system (which they in turn claimed Linux had infringed upon). Novell counter-sued, claiming that the asset-transfer agreements did not, in fact, transfer the intellectual property rights SCO sought. 693: 1049:

itself was the fastest-growing segment of the computer market, increasing by 30 percent a year and reaching a $ 10 billion figure by 1993. Novell was the second largest maker of software for personal computers, trailing only Microsoft. Novell's employee base, which had been around 15 when Noorda joined, had risen to 4,335 by the end of 1993. Besides Utah, Novell continued to grow in San Jose, where many of the sales, marketing, product management, and executive functions were located.

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million users declined to move to NetWare 4, with the result that Novell lost large amounts of possible revenue in upgrades. Although the NetWare 4.1 release of 1995 sought to remedy some of these issues, the lag had caused many Novell customers to take a serious look at Windows NT. And Windows NT was proving better as a platform for application and database services than NetWare. Furthermore, Microsoft was having success with its no-extra-charge bundling of Microsoft's

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after an apparent control issue with then CEO Jack Messman. In an effort to cut costs, Novell announced a round of layoffs in late 2005. While revenue from its Linux business continued to grow, the growth was not fast enough to offset the decrease in revenue of NetWare. While the company's revenue was not falling rapidly, it wasn't growing, either. Lack of clear direction or effective management meant that Novell took longer than expected to complete its restructuring.

520:, a Pennsylvania-based, technology-focused venture capital firm that was an offshoot of the older Safeguard Business Systems. Safeguard Scientifics believed that a new computer systems company could help the Business Systems company automate their accounting systems. Accordingly, Safeguard Scientifics provided over $ 2 million in seed funding, and they became the majority owner of Novell Data Systems. Canova also owned a significant portion of the new company. 8386: 2401:. Hovsepian said, "Cloud computing is a megatrend that matches the company's core competencies. ... We've developed our Suse appliance tool for application vendors . This product allows them to create a virtual appliance. They won't have to rewrite and retest the application once it is in the cloud and it allows firms to host their application on other clouds too." But Novell's approach would also support other cloud environments such as those based around 2014: 7747: 2525:. The U.S. Department of Justice announced that, as originally proposed, the deal with CPTN would jeopardize the ability of open source software, such as Linux, to continue to innovate and compete in the development and distribution of server, desktop, and mobile operating systems, middleware, and virtualization products; to address the department's antitrust concerns, CPTN and its owners had altered their original agreement: 2082: 8464: 382:, NetWare became the dominant form of personal computer networking during the second half of the 1980s and first half of the 1990s. At its high point, NetWare had a 63 percent share of the market for network operating systems and by the early 1990s there were over half a million NetWare-based networks installed worldwide encompassing more than 50 million users. Novell technology contributed to the emergence of 2241:(FOSS) community solidly on the side of Novell. There were a series of court rulings, most of which went in Novell's favor and which sent The SCO Group into bankruptcy. The matter was settled finally in 2010 when a jury trial in Utah ruled that the copyrights belonged to Novell. (Novell made no material use of the Unix ownership once it was ruled theirs, as by then their interests were with SuSE Linux.) 2165: 3107: 1707:. The application products also had the advantage of what Novell's senior vice president for corporate marketing, Christine Hughes, called " 'in your face' presence for the user. Otherwise no one is aware it's Novell providing that connection." But industry analyst reaction was that while PerfectOffice 3.0 was a good product, it was arriving too late to head off Microsoft Office's momentum. 8245: 1199:

pivotal item in my decision to join Novell because it makes possible an entirely new category of networked applications which no one else can provide." When the WordPerfect and Quattro Pro acquisitions closed in June 1994, it was the largest such deal in the software industry to that time; it made Novell the third-largest software company in the world, trailing only Microsoft and

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environment out of the SVR4.2-based Gemini and the SVR3.2-based HP-UX, but that effort faced major technical hurdles. The terms of the deal between Novell and SCO, which closed in December 1995, were uncertain enough that an amendment had to be signed in October 1996, and even that was not clear enough to preclude an extended battle between the two companies during the

948:. A marketing and development alliance with IBM announced in 1991 was part of this initiative. The company did later attempt to refocus with NetWare for Small Business. It reduced investment in research and was slow to improve the product administration tools, although it was helped by the fact its products typically needed little "tweaking" – they just ran. 1925:

Schmidt was saying, "I took the job on the presumption that we would not have to do this. If I'd known what shape the company was in, I might not have taken it." While there was some speculation that Novell might relocate much of the company to its San Jose facility, Novell instead recommitted to Provo, building a new headquarters tower that opened in 2000.

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and Ingram and acquire NetWare versions at a discounted rate, as Novell "looked the other way"; this helped fund the salaries of Novell Field Support Technicians, who for the most part were employees who worked for the front line resellers as Novell CNE (Certified NetWare Engineers). Noorda commented that this strategy was one he learned as an executive at

2432:, who wrote that Novell "clearly hopes that putting its products together in new ways and invoking today's catch phrases and buzz words will appear fresh and new." While Novell did have strong technologies in this computing realm, it struggled to attract the same market attention that competing product lines from the likes of Microsoft or VMware held. 830:, whose card Novell had previously been distributing. By 1989, Novell's cards were being sold at a rate of 20,000 per month, aggressively expanding Novell's market presence. At that point, Novell transferred the NE1000/NE2000 business to Anthem Electronics, the firm that had actually been making them, but the cards remained branded as Novell products. 1605:, with the Serius product being called AppWare Visual AppBuilder, the objects it used AppWare Loadable Modules, and the Software Transformations library AppWare Foundation. The organization working on this was called the AppWare Systems Group. The founder of Serius, Joe Firmage, became vice president of strategy for Novell's Network Systems Group. 937:, but both failed badly. IBM similarly had limited success in this area. From 1988 to 1992, Novell's revenues rose almost three-fold, to $ 933 million a year, with about half of Novell's sales coming from North America and half from overseas. Earnings also rose to $ 249 million a year. From 1986 to 1991, Novell's stock price climbed twelve-fold. 1556:. As part of the deal, SCO said that it would merge the SVR4.2-based UnixWare with its existing SVR3.2-based OpenServer operating system and add NetWare services to the new merged product, code-named "Gemini". Gemini would then be sold through SCO's well-known channel and reseller operation. As for HP, they said they would add NetWare code and 1003:", or cooperative competition. The central idea was that whatever was good for networking in general would be good for Novell and took the form of encouraging the growth of an ecosystem composed of hundreds of suppliers of hardware and software networking products, even if some of those suppliers had products that competed with Novell's. 1857:, which at the time was doing very well, to go to Novell, which was viewed as a company in real trouble. The new CEO said, "Novell has been defocused by a series of acquisitions and forays that didn't work out. In this collaborative world, it's more important to do a few things well and just go for them like you've never seen." 493:

more contemporaneous sources are in accordance with it happening in August 1980. Canova became president of the new company and Davis was in charge of sales and marketing. The suggestion for the company's name came from Canova's wife, who thought it meant "new" in French (in fact the French word is either the masculine

1663:. The initial price for WordPerfect was $ 1.4 billion in a Novell stock swap while Quattro Pro would cost $ 145 million in cash. Novell executives said that goal of the acquisitions was to build a suite of products that could be connected across the network via NetWare and UnixWare. Key to this was the idea of " 849:, solidifying Novell's presence in these areas. The acquisition combined Novell's $ 281 million in annual revenue with Excelan's $ 66 million. Rekhi became a high-ranking Novell executive, and played an influential strategic and managerial role with the company over the next several years. Excelan was based in 1609:

systems; as Novell executive Jim Tolonen outlined: " being the underlying infrastructure over which those mission critical transactions will be moved, Unix a place on which the applications can run, and AppWare as tools that will help programmers write that class of application in a distributed environment."

2033:, to expand offerings into services. Novell felt that the ability to offer solutions (a combination of software and services) was key to satisfying customer demand. The merger was apparently against the firm's software development culture, and the finance personnel at the firm also recommended against it. 2841:

has stated, "WordPerfect and Novell put Utah Valley on the high-tech industry map in the 1980s." Moreover, even when employees left the two companies, or were downsized, they often stayed in the Utah Valley area and started their own companies. This began a culture of entrepreneurship that led to the

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The Novell products themselves were relabeled and dispersed among the file and networking services, collaborations, and security product lines of Micro Focus, such that offerings like Open Enterprise Server, GroupWise, and ZENworks became billed as Micro Focus products with no mention of their Novell

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In early February 2007, Reuters reported that the Free Software Foundation had announced that it was reviewing Novell's right to sell Linux versions, and was considering banning Novell from selling Linux. However, spokesman Eben Moglen later said that he was quoted out of context, and was only noting

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On 2 November 2006, the two companies announced a joint collaboration agreement, including coverage of their respective products for each other's customers. They also promised to work more closely to improve compatibility of software, setting up a joint research facility. Executives of both companies

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The CEO of CTP, Jack Messman, engineered the merger using his position as a board member of Novell since its inception, and as part of the deal became CEO of Novell. Chris Stone, who had left in 1999, was rehired as vice chairman to set the course for Novell's strategy into open source and enterprise

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During Schmidt's tenure during the late 1990s, Novell developed and delivered a series of Internet-centric products that were well-reviewed. But these new products did not sell as well as the company had hoped, in part due to Novell channel issues with training, lead generation, and support. Indeed,

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With revenues in decline, Schmidt took actions to control costs, and some 18 percent of Novell employees were laid off during the first few months of his tenure. In addition he was forced to halt NetWare shipments to resellers because unsold inventory levels were so high. By the end of summer 1997,

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filesystem used by earlier versions of NetWare. While NetWare 5.0 introduced native TCP/IP support into the NOS, IPX was still supported, allowing for smooth transitions between environments and avoiding the "forklift upgrades" frequently required by competing environments. Similarly, the traditional

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was writing, "Of the many rivalries in the personal-computer industry, for sheer nastiness it's hard to beat the one between Microsoft Corp. and Novell Inc." In November 1993, Noorda confirmed published reports that he had been suffering from some memory lapses and announced that he would be stepping

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that allowed NetWare resellers to sell upgrades as newly purchased NetWare versions at full price periodically, which Novell intentionally did not track. Noorda commented to several analysts that he devised this strategy to allow front line resellers to "punch through" the distributors like Tech Data

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that could make files and printers available across many PCs. In addition, the advent of the PC caused organizational changes within companies and enterprises and allowed Novell to find entryways into individual departments or regional facilities rather than having to convince upper management of the

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being played on three different types of personal computers persuaded Messman that SuperSet's networking technology was valuable. The poor performance of Novell Data Systems resulted in losses being announced in April 1982 for the publicly-held Safeguard Scientifics and put pressure on that company's

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Schmidt embarked on a channel strategy to undo Noorda's "look the other way" approach and thereby remove the upgrades as whole box products, then directed Novell's general counsel to initiate litigation against a large number of Novell resellers who were routinely selling upgrades as newly purchased

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was announced as the new CEO of Novell, with Noorda remaining as chairman of the board of directors. By then the USL acquisition was already showing difficulties, while the WordPerfect acquisition was questioned even more. Nonetheless, Frankenberg said he was enthusiastic about it: "For me, it was a

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Unusually for the CEO of a high-tech, emerging computer company, Noorda was nearing 70 years of age by the early 1990s. Furthermore, he was known for alienating high-level executives who might someday be in position to run the company. Stock market analysts were expressing concern that Noorda, whose

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processor. All the while it maintained its character as a dedicated network operating system rather than containing network capabilities as part of a general-purpose operating system. The NetWare kernel's ability to dynamically load and unload drivers was greatly appreciated by users and the ability

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At that time Safeguard reported that it would be writing down $ 3.4 million in losses due to Novell Data Systems' switch from being a hardware company to a software company. Throughout 1982 there were further management shuffles with other people being named president of the company. Major, Neibaur,

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that intended to manufacture and market small business computers, computer terminals, and other peripherals. It was co-founded by George Canova and Jack Davis, two experienced computer industry executives. While some later sources place the creation of Novell Data Systems as having happened in 1979,

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From 2003 through 2005 Novell released many products across its portfolio, with the intention of arresting falling market share and to move away from dependencies on other Novell products, but the launches were not as successful as Novell had hoped. In late 2004, Chris Stone again left the company,

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Overall, none of these moves had worked out well – for instance, Novell suffered a net loss of $ 35 million for its 1993 fiscal year, largely due to write-offs for the acquisitions, and under criticism from Wall Street, Novell's stock price underwent a prolonged downturn – and many of the companies

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During its time in Novell, WordPerfect still sold reasonably well as standalone software, garnering almost half of all such word processor sales; but the market was increasingly dominated by the idea of office suites, and there Microsoft Office was supreme, with 86 percent of the market compared to

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Joe Firmage became disillusioned with Novell in mid-1995, following its decision to sell UnixWare and abandon the SuperNOS project, and left Novell later that year. Novell then publicly stated in November 1995 that it was looking for a buyer for AppWare. In March 1996, it was announced (based on an

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and toward that end conducted research on how to better and more easily integrate and manage network access for users. At the time, the Internet was dominated by Unix-based operating systems, but the Novell group saw the Unixes of the day as being too hardware intensive, too large, and charging too

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At its high point around 1993, NetWare had a roughly two-thirds share of the market for network operating systems; one analysis put the figure at 63 percent. There were over half a million NetWare-based networks installed worldwide and some 55 million NetWare users on those networks. And networking

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to Safeguard shareholders. Accordingly, in January 1985, Safeguard Scientifics made an initial offering of shares in Novell, Inc. to its own shareholders, at $ 2.50 a share. The sale brought Safeguard more than $ 5 million in cash, and Safeguard's ownership in Novell went from 51 percent down to 24

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Also on November 21, 2010, Novell entered into a Patent Purchase Agreement (the "Patent Purchase Agreement") with CPTN Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and consortium of technology companies organized by Microsoft Corporation ("CPTN"). The Patent Purchase Agreement provides that,

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With the acquisition, Novell's headquarters were moved back to Provo. But by then considerable consolidation had occurred, and the original six buildings of the Provo campus were sold. During April and May 2011, The Attachmate Group announced layoffs for the Novell workforce, including hundreds of

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were in the process of migrating most or all of their NetWare systems to alternatives. Revenue warnings during the second quarter of 2000 resulted in a 40 percent drop in the company's stock price. In October 2000, Novell released a new product, dubbed "DirXML", which was designed to synchronize

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Then with UnixWare gone, Novell focused on major upgrades to its core NetWare-based network operating system. The initial release of NetWare 4 came with compatibility problems for some NetWare 3 users, and large enterprises were faced with an upgrade-all-or-upgrade-none decision. However some 40

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had an early lead in marketshare. To compete, Novell PerfectOffice 3.0 was released in December 1994. It was based upon an earlier effort, Borland Office 2.0 for Windows, but had superior look-and-feel and integration. It contained not just WordPerfect and Quattro Pro but also other products,

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one, because it gave more flexibility at the kernel mode–user mode boundary. By mid-1995 the SuperNOS project was reportedly about one-third completed, with 1997 being seen as a customer release date for it. There were over 60 engineers assigned to it, mostly from the UnixWare and Chorus side. The

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AppWare was one of the three main strategic focuses of Novell during this period, along with NetWare and UnixWare. These three prongs were intended to satisfy the growing need for scalable, distributed computing at the enterprise level of applications such as general ledger systems or reservation

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As author James Causey would later write, "NetWare deserves the lion's share of the credit for elevating PC-based local area networks from being cute toys to providing powerful, reliable, and serious network services. NetWare was the first Intel-based network operating system to provide a serious

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that could tie in NetWare Loadable Modules, the AppWare Bus, UnixWare, and eventually SuperNOS itself. WordPerfect itself was also supposedly using the AppWare foundation layer in its work. Other parts of WordPerfect were deemed less strategic, and the Main Street line of multimedia products for

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that could construct applications by connecting together icons representing objects in the program and their commands. Novell also purchased Software Transformations Inc., who made a cross-platform object code library that could be used to port conventional programs to a number of platforms. The

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elements, which would then be sold by HP's strong direct-sales force. Finally, SCO and HP said that they would co-develop a next-generation, 64-bit version of Unix. Some 400 Novell software engineers had been working on UnixWare; most of them were offered jobs with either SCO or HP, while a few

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Under Noorda, Novell made a series of acquisitions interpreted by many to be a direct challenge to Microsoft. Noorda was motivated in part by a realization that NetWare's technology was not suitable as the basis for a full-fledged operating system and application platform. There was also enmity

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became CEO in April 1997, the first in the post since Frankenberg's departure; Christopher Stone was brought in as senior vice president of strategy and corporate development, reporting to Schmidt. Many observers were surprised that Schmidt would leave his chief technical officer position at

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The acquisition of USL never really worked out for Novell. During the company's fiscal years of 1993, 1994, and 1995, Novell's Unix Systems Group represented only about 5 percent of the company's revenue on an ongoing basis. Very few Certified NetWare Engineers ever reached a similar level of

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has written, "NetWare was almost uniquely a thing of its time. Whereas the PC has transcended its roots ... and Windows has grown ... into a sophisticated 64-bit OS, NetWare never escaped as its niche. When Windows was just a client OS, Novell’s proprietary IPX/SPX protocol and simple, fast,

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By 1999, Novell had lost its dominant market position, and was continually being out-marketed by Microsoft as resellers dropped NetWare, allowing Microsoft to gain access to corporate data centers by bypassing technical staff and selling directly to corporate executives. Most resellers then

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In 2004, Novell sued Microsoft, asserting it had engaged in antitrust violations regarding Novell's WordPerfect business in 1994 through 1996. Novell's lawsuit was subsequently dismissed by the United States District Court in July 2012 after it concluded that the claims were without merit.

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By December, there were already some indications that the three-way arrangement was not working out as had been initially advertised. The computer industry was not sure that SCO could handle being the primary Unix shepherd. The HP project, code-named "White Box", focused on making a hybrid

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It was not long before the AppWare plans started to fall apart. In September 1994 Novell announced they would be selling the Appware Foundation product to a third party. Novell did state that development of Visual AppBuilder would continue, and a Unix port would be following (that did not

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Funding for the new company was still an issue, and Musser contacted two Safeguard investors and brokers, Barry Rubenstein and Fred Dolan, who were with the Cleveland brokerage house Prescott, Ball and Turben, in these efforts. Rubenstein and Dolan eventually came up with the idea of a

2149:(OES), was released in March 2005. OES offers all the services previously hosted by NetWare 6.5, and added the choice of delivering those services using either a NetWare 6.5 or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 kernel. The release was aimed to persuade NetWare customers to move to Linux. 1227:

as a boot loader and maintenance platform, and Novell intended to extend its desktop presence by integrating networking into DR DOS and providing an alternative to Microsoft's Windows. At first, the idea was to provide a graphical environment based on Digital Research's

1026:, which brought about what was termed "the Mormon work ethic" at Novell. As one account later put it, Novell was "reputedly staffed with lots of hard-selling but soft-drinking Mormons." Noorda himself was famous for his frugal ways and for working from a plain, small office. 1777:

Novell continued to have mediocre-at-best financial results during 1995 and 1996. In August 1996, Frankenberg himself departed Novell in what was variously portrayed as a mutual decision, or as a resignation under pressure from the company's board of directors. His

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The new Novell started with around 15 employees. Noorda emphasized that the file server product acquired from Novell Data Systems would be the heart of what the new Novell would be doing. Later that same year, the company introduced its most significant product, the

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stock price. However, by this point the computer-linking work that the SuperSet group had produced was drawing considerable interest and Novell Data Systems was describing themselves as a company that made not just stand-alone microcomputers but also products for

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operating system, which, after a huge investment of resources from Microsoft, featured bundled networking and more advanced OS capabilities and looked to be that company's first offering that could seriously challenge Novell's local area networking franchise.

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In 1989 senior executives Craig Burton and Judith Clarke, whom many credited for much of Novell's past success, left Novell. Burton had been seen as Noorda's most likely successor while Judith Clarke had been instrumental in marketing and positioning Novell.

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By early 1985, Novell was rapidly expanding, but many people were still unaware of either it or the role that local area networks could play, and consequently Noorda referred to Novell as "the most misunderstood company in the world." Nonetheless, in 1986

604:(LAN). The dual emphasis on hardware and software products continued for several months but continued to have troubled results, and in July 1982 another round of layoffs took place which resulted in the employee count being reduced from 50 people to 30. 1753:

and products that had been purchased were subsequently sold off. Novell did have its two largest revenue years in 1994 and 1995, generating $ 1.998 billion and $ 2.041 billion in sales respectively. But the Noorda-era acquisitions were short-lived.

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and the past CEO of several other companies and had garnered a reputation as a turn-around expert. Messman was chairman of the board and continued to represent the interests of Safeguard Scientifics, which was still majority owner in the new Novell.

1972:, which was considered to be more modern than the character-based Novell interfaces. With falling revenue, the company focused on net services and platform interoperability. Products such as eDirectory and GroupWise were made multi-platform. 1623:

agreement that had been signed the month before) that Novell had sold all rights to the AppWare technology to a new company called Network Multimedia Inc., which was headed by Ed Firmage, who had been director of AppWare marketing at Novell.

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and construction was begun; by late 1986, employees were moving into the first building there while work on a second building was already underway. Eventually between 1986 and 1993 six buildings would be constructed for Novell's use there.

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server. Unix did present some attractive characteristics to the market, such as its abilities as an application server and the lack of vendor lock-in, but there were still considerable obstacles to be overcome in using it in this context.

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In contrast to the SCO case, here initial reaction from members of the free and open source software community over the patent protection was mostly critical, with expressions of concern that Novell had "sold out" and doubt that the

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With this market leadership, Novell began to acquire and build services on top of its NetWare operating platform. These services extended NetWare's capabilities with such products as NetWare for SAA and Novell multi-protocol router.

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Novell's core products did not stay idle during this challenging-of-Microsoft time, as work in the company's NetWare Systems Group continued. One of Novell's major innovations was Novell Directory Services (NDS), later known as

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in. A clause within GPLv3 allows companies to distribute GPLv3 software even if they have made such patent partnerships in the past, as long as the partnership deal was made before 28 March 2007 (GPLv3 Section 11 paragraph 7).

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Novell stated in November 1995 that it was putting its personal productivity product line up for sale. Then in January 1996 it announced that the sale of these products, primarily WordPerfect and Quattro Pro, would be made to

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NEST however held importance for Frankenberg's vision of "pervasive computing", wherein Novell software would be connecting a billion nodes by 2000. Many of those nodes would be common, everyday devices running NEST, linked by

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On January 25, 1983, the company was incorporated under the shortened name of Novell, Inc. In April 1983, the appointment of Noorda as president and CEO of Novell, Inc. was publicly announced. Noorda was a veteran executive of

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The company subsequently did not do well. The microcomputer produced by the company was late to an increasingly crowded market and was noncompetitive in terms of performance when it did arrive. According to one paraphrase of a

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had been abandoned at Novell in 1995 but was licensed to Caldera in binary form only. The deal consisted of a direct payment of US$ 400,000 as well as percentual royalties for any revenues derived from those assets to Novell.

2204:-based 3D display capabilities. The release of SLE 10 was marketed with the phrase "Your Linux is Ready", meant to convey that Novell's Linux offerings were ready for the enterprise. In late September 2006 Novell announced a 2004:

wrote, "He had traversed a rocky road as chief executive at Novell, briefly laying a smooth path for a renaissance at the aging network software provider before succumbing to strategy issues that have plagued it for years."

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and Powell continued to support Novell through their SuperSet Software group. As Major later said, "It was great that our hardware was so lousy because that gave us the idea that hardware wasn't really where the value was."

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said that NetWare 386 "is truly a blow-away-the-competition type product". Overall, NetWare 3 was the most significant rewrite that the product would ever get, and proved very successful. By 1990, Novell had an almost

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The community of people wants to do anything they can to interfere with this deal and all deals like it. They have every reason to be deeply concerned that this is the beginning of a significant patent aggression by

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NetWare versions. Although this move bolstered Novell's revenue numbers for several quarters, Novell's channels subsequently collapsed with the majority of Novell's resellers dropping NetWare for fear of litigation.

894:-based workstations, thus enabling NetWare to expand upon file and print sharing towards accessing business-critical data within companies. This allowed NetWare to work with database products from companies such as 1069:

Equally important as technological factors to NetWare's growth was that Novell did not try to hire a large sales force to do direct sales of the product, but instead sold it through a broad channel of some 13,000

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Neither CPTN nor its owners will make any statement or take any action with the purpose of influencing or encouraging either Novell or Attachmate Group to modify which of the patents are available under the OIN

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Noorda retired from the chairman position and left Novell completely in November 1994, although he was still the largest shareholder of the company. At that point in time, Frankenberg became chairman as well.

764:, NetWare was known for being very fast in operation. This trend continued into 1987 with the Advanced NetWare/286 release, which was well received within the industry. NetWare also excelled with respect to 1928:

But Novell's decline and loss of market share accelerated under Schmidt's leadership, with Novell experiencing an across-the-board decline in sales and purchases of NetWare and a drop in share price from

554:

report on Novell Data Systems as a whole during this period, their "revenue was minimal, but expenses were tremendous." Davis was fired from Novell Data Systems, a change that occurred in November 1981.

1739:

for $ 186 million, a large loss from the $ 855 million that it had originally paid to acquire WordPerfect. Novell did hold onto a few pieces that it had acquired from WordPerfect, most importantly the

7311:

upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Patent Purchase Agreement, Novell will sell to CPTN all of Novell's right, title and interest in 882 patents (the "Assigned Patents") for

716:, or ShareNet, and it achieved some visibility; by April 1983, advertisements were seen in trade publications for third-party software products which stated they were compatible with Novell ShareNet. 8094: 1838:

on NT, while Novell's presence in the Internet market was severely lacking. Still, as of 1996, by one estimate there were three million networks, and tens of millions of PCs, still using NetWare.

1988:

data—typically user information—between disparate directory and database systems. This product leveraged the speed and functionality of eDirectory to store information, and would later become the

1826:

and earlier. Directory services were seen as a crucial strategic key to staying relevant in the networking marketplace. It was also one where Novell had a lead over Microsoft, as the latter's

753:

subsequently wrote, "Novell, in one of those instances of serendipity and visionary thinking that are the stuff of personal computer legend, found itself in the right place at the right time."

1572:

While some lip service was paid to the notion that SuperNOS would go on after the three-way deal, in fact, it was abandoned and never achieved fruition in that form. (A decade later, Novell's

591:

During the first calendar quarter of 1982, heavy costs continued to be incurred at Novell Data Systems, which resulted in management shuffles, organizational consolidations, and a significant

5217: 7179: 5118: 2196:

In August 2006, Novell released the SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 (SLE 10) series. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server was the first enterprise class Linux server to offer virtualization based on the

731:

processor and supported centralized, multitasking file and print services. By March 1984, Novell was putting out announcements about third-party products that worked with Novell NetWare.

440:

and attempted to refocus its technology base. Despite building or acquiring several new kinds of products, Novell failed to find consistent success and never regained its past dominance.

3348:(Interview). Interviewed by Hancock, Marguerite Gong; Weber, Marc; Fralic, Chris; Stefanik, Derek. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Computer History Museum. pp. 15–16, 21–24, 26–28. 1105:

Under Ray Noorda's leadership, Novell provided upgrades to resellers and customers in the same packaging as a newly purchased copy of NetWare, but at one third the cost, which created a

1917:

all included network functionality which greatly reduced demand for third-party products in this segment. For instance, one mid-1996 survey of a thousand corporate users, conducted by

1099: 7138: 2569:. The acquisition closed on November 20, 2014, and the SUSE organization was split out separately from the rest of the former Novell organization within Micro Focus. SUSE was sold to 1022:

From the first years of the new Novell's success, Noorda was credited in the press with forging that path. The company reflected aspects of Noorda's personal background, such as his

9368: 2444:

The main building in Provo in 2013 during the Attachmate Group era; the name Novell was kept on it. A 'For Sale' sign for some of the property can be seen in front of the building.

469: 1481:. The aim was to include UnixWare technology inside NetWare, provide the strengths of both NetWare's network services and UnixWare's application services, be able to run existing 6433: 7394: 6402: 5144: 7475: 611:

Two other important NDSI employees were strategist Craig Burton and communications specialist Judith Clarke. Despite its struggles, Novell Data Systems had a presence at the

6704: 1841:

In 1996, the company began a move into Internet-enabled products, replacing reliance on the proprietary IPX protocol in favor of a native TCP/IP stack. Support for the new

527:

works. By November 1980, they were placing display ads in the classifieds pages of Utah Valley newspapers, seeking to hire hardware and software engineers and other staff.

1395: 1128:

personality was the basis for much of the company's culture, had no succession plan in place. At the same time, Novell faced a looming challenge from Microsoft's upcoming

1095: 421:. These moves did not work out, due to new technologies not fitting well with Novell's existing user base or being too late to compete with equivalent Microsoft products. 2180:, Novell's president and chief operating officer, appointed chief executive, and Dana Russell, vice-president of finance and corporate controller, appointed interim CFO. 5884:"Novell Inc. AppWare Group spins off to form Network Multimedia; Network Multimedia brings AppWare to the Internet delivering on commitments to partners and developers" 2268:

said of the deal, "This set of agreements will really help bridge the divide between open-source and proprietary source software." The deal involved upfront payment of

634: 2280:

yearly, over the next 5 years, for marketing and selling a combined SLES/Windows Server offering and related virtualization solutions, while Novell paid at least

1090:

for enterprise-level projects. In this way Novell constructed a local area network franchise in literal terms, as Novell Authorized Education Centers were set up on a

979:. Novell was quickly outgrowing its original site in Orem, with some employees forced to work in trailers. A new, much larger site for the company was found in nearby 6116: 4895: 9792: 9777: 9187: 2333:, reported that Novell had offered cooperation with the SFLC to permit a confidential audit to determine the compliance of the agreement with the GPL (version 2). 7789: 5188: 8832: 2751: 2377:, with products designed to manage diverse workloads in a heterogeneous data center. Seeing this approach as a key to giving customers confidence in the area of 2000:

taking place. So despite its efforts in these other spaces, Novell was increasingly becoming irrelevant within the industry. Of Schmidt's efforts with Novell,

7814: 1439:. Novell created the Unix Systems Group to contain the new business, which also absorbed the Univel venture. Most of the core USL employees remained in USL's 7598: 1940:/share. Analysts commented that the primary reason for Novell's demise was linked to its channel strategy and mismanagement of channel partners under Schmidt. 5324: 2602: 1252: 1141:

that had begun in 1989 and been on-and-off for the next couple of years before breaking down for good. Subsequently, Novell had played a role in keeping the

7987:

ZENworks 11 SP3 Endpoint Security Management simplifies endpoint security by providing centralized management of security policies for your managed devices.

7450: 1524:

microkernel technology in the context of supporting SVR4 on a microkernel. This microkernel was arguably superior for this purpose than the more well-known

768:

considerations, supporting user- and group-based roles and volume- and file-level access restrictions, thus making it attractive to systems administrators.

4986: 3687: 566:

In order to compete on systems sales, Novell Data Systems planned a program to link more than one microcomputer to operate together. The current or former

8088: 4725: 1232:, but Novell's legal department rejected this due to apprehension of a possible legal response from Apple, so the company went directly to Apple starting 6673: 4984: 2506:

Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, some of Novell's products and brands were transferred to another of the Attachmate Group business units,

1960:

re-certified their Novell CNE employees— the field support technicians who were Novell's primary contact in the field with direct customers—as Microsoft

1731:

only 5 percent for Novell's PerfectOffice. As such, the WordPerfect and Quattro Pro part of the company dragged down Novell's earnings and stock price.

3884: 9817: 9802: 9762: 9757: 9737: 9221: 8797: 7276: 2952:, a network appliance print server supports mobility on printing, a user can print from any device from anywhere to anywhere in any corner of the world 2017:

In the early 2000s Novell moved its headquarters to this building in Waltham, Massachusetts, following the acquisition of Cambridge Technology Partners

2428:, and others. Reaction of industry analysts to the move varied, with some positive and some more mixed. Among the more skeptical was Dan Kusnetzky of 7519: 4239:(Interview). Interviewed by Hancock, Marguerite Gong; Katz, Jeff. Mountain View, California, USA: Computer History Museum. pp. 21–22, 29–30, 35. 1744:

collaboration product. By some estimates Novell had lost $ 750 million on the WordPerfect experience. The sale to Corel was completed in March 1996.

1184:

to provide personal productivity and group collaboration products. In all, Noorda acquired ten companies within a four-year span. By September 1993,

3293: 3194: 1466:, which included full support for multiple processors as well as improved installation and ease-of-use and additional NetWare integration features. 1283:

offered the best possible answer for the operating system component, and started building code towards that purpose, including contributing work on

929:, but none of them made much of a dent in Novell's business. Microsoft tried on two early occasions to take on Novell in networking, first with the 562:

Novell made some networking hardware products even after NetWare became a success; here, a Novell NE2000 16-bit ISA 10BASE-2 Ethernet card from 1990

7187: 5209: 2131:

In mid-2003, Novell released "Novell Enterprise Linux Services" (NNLS), which ported some of the services traditionally associated with NetWare to

7349:"CPTN Holdings LLC (acquirer of 882 Novell patents): Microsoft, Apple, EMC and Oracle are the partners according to German antitrust notification" 4959:

Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1

2920:

integrates three Novell products that work together to discover, analyze, provision, relocate and optimize file storage based on business policies

2052:

In July 2002, Novell acquired SilverStream Software, a leader in web services-oriented applications, but a laggard in the marketplace. Renamed to

9822: 9767: 9742: 9385: 7216: 6829: 5104: 4927: 4180: 2460:. The company declined the offer, saying that the proposal was inadequate and that it undervalued the company's franchise and growth prospects. 1792:

years there had been marked by having to disassemble Noorda's acquisitions but also by failing to fully recognize the growing importance of the

6991: 6843: 3217: 3023:

allows the packaging and deployment of virtualized applications with predictive application-streaming that delivers apps based on user behavior

2230:

revolved around the interpretation of the 1995 asset-transfer agreements between Novell and the Santa Cruz Operation, a predecessor company to

1169: 4803: 2298:

rich media platform—for patent infringement. One condition common to each covenant was that no Moonlight implementation be released under the

9182: 7578: 6597: 4274: 4099: 1415:. The measure was intended to help Novell compete against Microsoft, which was on the verge of including networking as a built-in feature of 6872: 4851: 3266: 523:

Novell Data Systems set up offices in a former carpet warehouse located in an obscure industrial park down the road from the largely vacant

9782: 8968: 8072: 6377: 6352: 3140: 1768:

talked of "a disastrous acquisition spree undertaken by previous CEO Ray Noorda in an effort to compete with Microsoft." By the year 2000,

1065:

conference, seen here with its entrance letters in 1995, helped spread the word about how developers and partners could make use of NetWare

8015:

Novell ZENworks Endpoint Security Management utilizes an installed client application to enforce complete security on the endpoint itself.

2739: 5927: 1762:

referred to "acquisitions Mr. Noorda had made in his latter years in a disastrous attempt to compete head-on with Microsoft", while the

1223:

in June 1991. The move was seen as a way for Novell to supply software for server-focused PCs in alternative to Microsoft. NetWare used

9137: 6437: 4117: 3510: 3019: 2142:

9, based on Ximian Desktop and SUSE Linux Professional 9.1. This was Novell's first attempt to get into the enterprise desktop market.

1045:

refused to give Novell an equal number of seats on the new board, Noorda pulled out shortly before the deal would have been completed.

834:

alternative to mainframe-based server networks, providing critical reliability and security features needed in the modern enterprise."

7404: 960:

Novell's Building F in Provo in 1994, part of a large complex of Novell buildings once there, with the Wasatch Range in the background

9812: 8973: 6757: 6495: 6412: 5140: 2745: 1897:

as a core system component in all mainstream PC operating systems after 1995 led to a steep decline in Novell's market share. Unlike

1619:

magazine wrote in early 1995 about the three-pronged strategy, these "unrelated ... families of products formed an unsteady tripod".

6733: 4583: 4035: 3365: 3067:

facilitates the control of Linux desktops and servers, using policy-driven automation to deploy, manage and maintain Linux resources

1458:

in January 1994, in both personal and advanced server editions and with the bundled inclusion of TCP/IP, a NetWare Unix Client, and

1341:. The Canopy Group was a technology investment firm and real estate company that Noorda focused on after his departure from Novell. 9772: 7999: 7649: 6782: 5292: 4777: 1041:

that would have been the largest deal in the software industry to that time. But it collapsed the following month: when Lotus head

7613: 9752: 9732: 9722: 9651: 7373: 7298: 7062: 4419: 2824:

semi-dedicated file servers were a compelling offering. As Windows grew into a server OS too, though, NetWare couldn't compete."

6278: 2584:. Again, the former Novell products are listed within OpenText product groups without being identified as to their Novell past. 1114:

when competing against imported home appliances: allow the resellers to "make more money off your product than someone else's".

9807: 9747: 9727: 9589: 8858: 8822: 6632: 6540: 5946: 2972:

provides a low-cost alternative to Microsoft Professional Desktop Platform; features workgroup services and collaboration tools

2353:

team expressed strong disapproval of the announcement and asked Novell to reconsider. The team included an employee of Novell,

6001: 5580: 4833: 4361: 3898: 3738: 3587: 3568: 3550: 3532: 3436: 3414: 3165: 2764:

Novell was one of the first computer companies to provide proficiency certification for users of its products. They included:

2381:, Novell restructured its business around the new initiative. Technologies from Novell's 2008 acquisition of Canadian company 1493:. SuperNOS would also operate across distributed servers with unified presentation. Finally, SuperNOS would take advantage of 9787: 8754: 7785: 6228: 4553: 4429: 390:

model and changed computing worldwide. Novell was the second-largest maker of software for personal computers, trailing only

6160: 4233: 3342: 3241: 3006:

provides secure team collaboration with document management and workflow features that can replace existing intranet systems

9717: 9102: 7810: 7327: 7240: 3760: 2966:

offers NetWare services like centralized server management and secure file storage, running on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

1142: 7946: 7676: 5883: 5865: 7258: 4635: 7845: 5784: 5651: 4755: 4613: 3917: 3459: 2835:, the first two software giants in the field in Utah were Novell and WordPerfect in the early 1980s. To that point, the 1541:

involvement with UnixWare. Another aim, that Novell might be able to coalesce Unix vendor versions and thus resolve the

9797: 8420: 4661: 4158: 2287:

One of the first results of this partnership was Novell adapting the OpenXML/ODF Translator for use in OpenOffice.org.

1512:. For clustering, SuperNOS would embrace elements of a NetWare distributed parallel processing proposal and a UnixWare 1307: 1019:

cards. It was due to this kind of industry vision that Noorda would become known as the "Father of Network Computing".

7971: 4421:

Born Global Standard Establishers: Einfluss- und Erfolgsfaktoren für die internationale Standardsetzung und -erhaltung

2156:

project, based on SUSE Professional. openSUSE can be downloaded freely and is also available as boxed retail product.

9487: 9310: 8792: 4976: 4139: 3993: 1984: 1565: 1318:

in July 1994. The deal comprised a direct payment of half this sum as well as shares representing 2% of the company.

7928: 6683: 3312: 3083:

automates patch assessment, monitoring and remediation; monitors patch compliance to detect security vulnerabilities

1435:

operating system product. Novell then turned the Unix brand name and specification over to the industry consortium

719:

The company realized that making a proprietary solution in this sense was disadvantageous and looked instead to the

9439: 9097: 8186: 5513: 3842: 3823: 3805: 2898: 761: 734:

NetWare came on the computing scene just as the IBM PC was emerging as a market force and applications such as the

7348: 5722: 5554: 5494: 5085: 4329: 3953: 3784: 2452:, an institutional investor with approximately 8.5% stock ownership of Novell, offered to acquire the company for 9671: 8352: 7641: 7369: 7020: 6142: 5905: 5316: 5114: 3643: 2503:

per share in cash being paid to acquire Novell. Novell became a wholly owned subsidiary of The Attachmate Group.

2374: 2226: 2209: 1137:

between the two companies and the two CEOs, stemming in part from merger talks between Noorda and Microsoft head

7156: 3695: 3035:

provides automated endpoint-management, software distribution, user support, and accelerated Windows 7 migration

9053: 8787: 5965: 4714: 4379: 4203: 2769: 1710:

WordPerfect also played in a role in larger architectural ambitions within Novell, as WordPerfect incorporated

1597: 1486: 530:

At first the company began to grow rapidly. By mid-1981 the company was selling two products, the Nexus Series

2329:(SFLC), described the agreement as "worse than useless". In a separate development, the chairman of the SFLC, 1845:

also began to be added to NetWare. An Internet-focused product released during 1996 was called Intranetware.

1462:

functionality for running DOS and Windows 3.1 applications. This was followed in early 1995 by the release of

1263:

could license the source code to take over and continue independent development of their derivations in 1994.

8929: 8159: 3876: 2962: 2688: 2309:

Despite controversy with some in the community, Novell persisted: its booth at Solutions Linux 2009 in Paris.

2238: 2146: 2022: 1835: 1034: 269: 7294: 7280: 4453: 2978:

offers a full-featured desktop-to-server solution running on Linux, designed to support small business users

2577:

past. The one page at the Micro Focus website listing former Novell products did not even mention NetWare.

2448:

Novell had long been rumored to be a target for acquisition by a variety of other companies. In March 2010,

9461: 9003: 8053: 8051: 8048: 7529: 6478: 2916: 2827:

But the effects of Novell have been long-lasting. While information technology had been present along the

2549:

employees from the Provo location, raising questions about the future of some open source projects such as

2273: 2132: 1688: 1577: 1545:, was not achieved either. By late summer 1995 the company was looking for a way out of the Unix business. 944:

However, Novell was also diversifying, moving away from its smaller users to target large corporations and

815: 800: 796: 780: 8036: 7645: 5744: 2361:

that the statement was agreed on by all members of the team, and later quit his job at Novell in protest.

1695:

collaboration product. There was also a professional edition that included AppWare as well as Borland's

9159: 9114: 6297: 5360: 2440: 2326: 2200:

hypervisor. SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (popularly known as SLED) featured a new user-friendly GUI and

1955:

jet which it operated as a corporate shuttle aircraft, here seen taking off from San Jose bound for Provo

1947: 1613:

materialize). Novell also continued to release a number of new Appware Loadable Modules. But overall, as

1494: 517: 7909: 6873:"Covenant to Downstream Recipients of Moonlight – Microsoft & Novell Interoperability Collaboration" 5630: 5241: 2936:

provides secure e-mail, calendaring, contact management, and task management with mobile synchronization

853:, and they, along with a couple of prior Novell acquisitions, formed the basis for Novell's presence in 9666: 9154: 8963: 8827: 6458: 5376: 4515: 2540:

CPTN does not have the right to limit which of the patents, if any, are available under the OIN license

2205: 1557: 1260: 757: 675: 7866: 6825: 2176:

In June 2006, chief executive Jack Messman and chief finance officer Joseph Tibbetts were fired, with

2135:(SLES) version 8. NetWare 6.5, released in 2003, would prove to be the last version of that product. 1885: 873:, which gave NetWare more modern architectural qualities, in conjunction with new capabilities in the 443:

The company was an independent corporate entity until it was acquired as a wholly owned subsidiary by

8934: 8889: 8747: 8672: 8145: 7425: 6705:"Microsoft and Novell Announce Broad Collaboration on Windows and Linux Interoperability and Support" 4919: 4400: 2775: 1842: 1489:, and accordingly create a network operating system that could successfully compete with Microsoft's 1364: 1229: 971:

was hailing Novell as another Utah success story in technology, likely to follow in the footsteps of

723:

as an alternative platform. Now called NetWare, the network operating system was ported to run on an

595:. Canova was fired and Jack Messman, representing Safeguard Scientifics, was named president. Seeing 429: 167: 6999: 6851: 4075: 2885:

gives Microsoft Windows users access to NetWare and Open Enterprise Server services and applications

2809: 2188: 1639: 1074:. Such resellers provided network education, installation, and subsequent maintenance, and included 9358: 9297: 9048: 9018: 8897: 8853: 8779: 8692: 8373: 7735: 6513: 6259:"Staying Alive: A battered, but uncowed, Novell tries to emerge as an Internet services powerhouse" 5176: 4883: 2648: 2521:

Immediately prior to merger being finalized, Novell completed the patent sale to CPTN Holdings for

2449: 2378: 2338: 2026: 1444: 1408: 1311: 1161: 709: 658: 567: 502: 406: 368: 17: 6605: 5392: 4264: 4103: 9576: 9127: 9063: 9033: 8998: 8914: 8802: 8525: 8520: 8276: 7731: 6966:"Bradley M. Kuhn's Letter to the FOSS Development Community Regarding Microsoft's Patent Promise" 6880: 6518: 5803: 2694: 2654: 2258: 1989: 1764: 1715: 1648: 1516:

initiative. SuperNOS was based on work that had already started at USL and at the French company

1482: 1173: 1087: 1057: 879: 788: 760:

without regard for separate or protected address spaces, and thus not having the properties of a

8068: 7551: 6381: 6356: 5762: 4968: 3259: 2879:

gives Linux desktop users access to NetWare and Open Enterprise Server services and applications

1576:

product would realize some aspects of a hybrid NetWare/Unix-like system, this time based around

455:

in 2023. Novell products and technologies are now integrated within various OpenText divisions.

401:

During the early to mid-1990s, Noorda attempted to compete directly with Microsoft by acquiring

9621: 9584: 9068: 9038: 9028: 9008: 8988: 8807: 8540: 8413: 8302: 7429: 4957: 4545: 3042: 2988: 2534: 2221: 1573: 883: 579: 190: 7087: 5607: 3667: 3029:

provides reports on hardware and software, integrating licensing, installation, and usage data

2984:

streamlines and automates the provision of IT services. An OEM product from LiveTime Software.

2318:

would allow distribution of code, including the Linux kernel, under this exclusive agreement.

1536:

Novell had a development office in Bracknell, Berkshire, UK for many years (here seen in 2006)

538:. Orders began shipping during the second half of 1981. The computer product was based on the 9601: 9571: 9363: 9305: 9174: 9073: 8993: 8983: 8817: 8633: 8281: 7108: 6922: 6901: 6258: 6090: 6025: 5827: 5452: 5263: 5026: 4998: 4873: 4475: 3074: 2832: 2592: 2295: 2102: 1980: 1952: 1869: 1723: 1275: 1149: 972: 967: 792: 776: 578:

group, were hired to this task and began consulting for Novell during 1981. They developed a

391: 7769: 7721: 7662: 6068: 6049: 5846: 5673: 5166: 4680: 4533: 2897:

keeps applications and mobile devices constantly in sync, and offers connectors for popular

2891:

simplifies resource management on a Storage Area Network (SAN) and enables high-availability

1517: 845:

in 1989; Excelan manufactured smart Ethernet cards and commercialized the Internet protocol

742:

were showing what microcomputers could do for businesses. There was an immediate demand for

509:

was not a founder of Novell Data Systems, he did work with the company from its early days.

9616: 9611: 9403: 9378: 9236: 9043: 8919: 8873: 8740: 8721: 8650: 8286: 8179: 7021:"GPLv3 — Transcript of Richard Stallman from the fifth international GPLv3 conference" 4541: 2924: 2863: 2464: 2208:

version of SLES called "SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time" (SLERT), based on technology from

2139: 2094: 2041:. With the acquisition of CTP, which closed in July 2001, Novell moved its headquarters to 1976: 1931: 1774:

would say that "The WordPerfect acquisition was the biggest disaster in software history".

1684: 1631: 1549: 1448: 1447:

in the summer of 1995. The USL Europe office in London was moved into Novell's facility in

1248: 1071: 850: 444: 163: 1011:

networking cards for use in conjunction with NetWare than they did for use with their own

8: 9656: 9633: 9432: 9408: 9266: 9256: 9241: 9058: 8978: 8677: 2928:

examines and reports on terabytes of unstructured file data, and forecasts storage growth

2291: 1680: 1513: 1412: 1256: 1200: 1083: 584: 69: 4497: 3883:. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA: Sams.net (Macmillan Computer Publishing). pp. 391ff. 1822:

in 1993, NDS replaced the old Bindery server and user management technology employed by

1469:

In September 1994 Novell began publicly describing its plans to develop a "SuperNOS", a

9226: 9164: 9023: 8924: 8530: 8224: 7066: 7041: 5284: 4999:"CCI helps users run more DOS apps - Multiuser DOS Lite handles eight NetWare sessions" 4721: 3013: 2944:

stores files for secure accessibility online and offline, across systems and on the web

2496: 2394: 2390: 2342: 2305: 1918: 1758: 1719: 1696: 1585: 1440: 1352: 1195: 895: 743: 601: 535: 387: 383: 230: 7690: 6334: 3481: 3061:, protects user data, enforces password policies, and locks out lost or stolen devices 2850:

has credited the rise of the industry in Utah to three people, among them Ray Noorda.

2109:). This acquisition signaled Novell's plans to move its collective product set onto a 1375:-based operating systems, programming languages, tools and technologies) were sold to 1270:

was a project run by Novell's advanced technology group that sought to put together a

9707: 9681: 9565: 9373: 9149: 9078: 8902: 8699: 8623: 8535: 8406: 8358: 8339: 8214: 7739: 6965: 6678: 5180: 4972: 4887: 4549: 4534: 4425: 3114: 3045:

like laptops, smart phones, and thumb drives; offers driver-level firewall protection

2817:

Novell had a difficult time being associated for anything other than NetWare. And as

2480: 2425: 2398: 2389:, an online Linux software creation tool through which users could develop their own 2045:. As for Schmidt, he departed Novell soon after the CTP announcement and headed for 1643:

Novell's PerfectOffice suite, reflecting the purchases of WordPerfect and Quattro Pro

1416: 1233: 1148:

Between 1991 and 1994, the Noorda-led Novell made this series of major acquisitions:

1062: 945: 765: 575: 506: 94: 6786: 6548: 6316: 6184: 5210:"Unix Labs and Novell plan join venture, reveal bones of mass distribution alliance" 3712: 2416:

Partnerships in connection with intelligent workload management were announced with

2249:

expressed the hope that such cooperation would lead to better compatibility between

1670:

The market for standalone word processors and spreadsheets was expanding to that of

1532: 1168:

operating system technology, to improve Novell's technology base versus Windows NT;

9251: 9194: 9132: 8868: 8837: 8667: 8640: 8501: 8317: 8266: 8229: 8056: 7835: 7698: 6923:"Groklaw — The Morning After — Reactions to Novell-MS — Updated 2xs" 5692: 2629: 2350: 2334: 2250: 2177: 2098: 1997: 1894: 1854: 1827: 1700: 1675: 1459: 1380: 1271: 1216: 1111: 1082:

for very small businesses all the way up to sophisticated systems integrators like

1079: 772: 646: 485: 424:

NetWare began losing market share once Microsoft bundled network services with the

402: 330: 264: 243: 6807: 2873:

automates the configuration and management of high-availability, clustered servers

956: 9712: 9676: 9498: 8909: 8863: 8812: 8714: 8601: 8389: 8172: 8155:

Open Horizons — A co-operative EMEA body of international Novell User Groups

8149: 2550: 2492: 2476: 2322: 2106: 2030: 2021:

In March 2001, it was announced that Novell was acquiring the consulting company

1615: 1553: 1288: 670: 655: 365: 279: 6378:"Novell Receives Settlement From Aqua Systems, Inc. in Improper Upgrade Lawsuit" 2858:

Products marketed by Novell during the latter stages of its existence included:

2596:

Internal company T-shirt celebrating acquisitions of WordPerfect and Quattro Pro

9606: 8550: 8114: 7950: 7494: 4964: 4808: 2867:

provides Internet access controls, secure VPN, and firewall services on NetWare

2843: 2813:

Utah Valley, home of Novell, WordPerfect, and many tech companies that followed

2580:

In January 2023, Micro Focus was in turn acquired by Canadian software company

2488: 2421: 2354: 2254: 1818:

standard and supported the notion of a distributed directory. Introduced with

1333:

desktop project and in late 1994 or early 1995 transferred some components to

1330: 1267: 1237: 922: 918: 887: 854: 749: 701: 662: 372: 259: 7890: 7694: 7451:"Novell Completes Merger with Attachmate and Patent Sale to CPTN Holdings LLC" 2958:

enables NetWare 6.5 servers to access UNIX and Linux NFS-exported file-systems

886:

was also a significant benefit. NetWare 3 supported interactions with Apple's

692: 9701: 9686: 9276: 9246: 9216: 9144: 9013: 8448: 7743: 6729: 6494:

The 2002 date of this as posted on web is clearly incorrect; see for example

5788: 5288: 5184: 4952: 4923: 4891: 4759: 3395: 3091: 2828: 2265: 2231: 2053: 2042: 1861: 1671: 1525: 1399:

Novell's Summit, New Jersey, office, 1994 (formerly Unix System Laboratories)

1376: 1334: 1244: 1015:

network operating systems, and a similar situation existed for IBM and their

1007:, who had been an early competitor of Novell's, sold more instances of their 705: 531: 120: 77: 5886:(Press release). Business Wire. 1996-03-06 – via Gale General OneFile. 4536:

CCIE: Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert Study Guide: Routing and Switching

2290:

Microsoft released two public covenants not to sue users of the open source

55: 9661: 9317: 9119: 8545: 8509: 8234: 7556: 7160: 6407: 5141:"Novell abandons Nest and prompts Sun to join embedded systems group (440)" 5109: 5052: 4269: 3294:"Orem-based Computer Company Promotes Three Top Executives to Higher Posts" 2837: 2819: 2365:

that GPL version 3 would be designed to block similar deals in the future.

2110: 1965: 1865: 1849: 1699:

database. PerfectOffice surpassed in sales one early player in the space,

1501: 1478: 1463: 1455: 1338: 1186: 838: 713: 524: 235: 225: 3588:"Safeguard's switch from hardware to software leads to $ 3.9 million loss" 2998:

efficiently balances security and productivity across an entire enterprise

1210: 639:

Novell's so-called "shark's teeth" logo, used from the late 1980s to 1996

364:, that existed from 1980 until 2014. Its most significant product was the 9627: 9337: 9327: 8764: 8645: 8596: 8453: 8087:

Lewis, Scott M. (2018-05-23) . "Novell, Inc.". In Bodine, Paul S. (ed.).

8055:(NB. Marc Perkel claimed to have inspired Novell in February 1991 to buy 7262: 6654: 4710: 4301: 3002: 2660: 2562: 2386: 2330: 2061: 1898: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1704: 1656: 1652: 1474: 1470: 1177: 1106: 1091: 1000: 980: 934: 870: 866: 513: 448: 414: 410: 395: 357: 274: 185: 8069:"Surfing the High Tech Wave: A story of Novell's early years, 1980–1990" 5763:"Novell Completes Sale of UnixWare Business to The Santa Cruz Operation" 5285:"Novell completes acquisition of UNIX System Laboratories from AT&T" 4265:"How the clammy claws of Novell NetWare were torn from today's networks" 3073:

secures and manages mobile devices, both corporate-issued and personal (

1626: 1601:

disparate technologies of the two products were combined and renamed to

700:

The first Novell product was a proprietary hardware server based on the

9342: 9322: 9169: 8655: 8575: 8496: 8483: 8363: 8219: 8209: 7844:. Johannesburg, South Africa: Novell. IT Public Relations. 2001-05-15. 4493: 3713:"Annual Report Pursuant ... for the Fiscal Year Ended October 30, 1993" 2992:

provides automated management of file storage for users and work groups

2515: 2514:

brand was spun off as its own business unit. The fourth business unit,

2511: 2463:

Novell announced in November 2010 that it had agreed to be acquired by

2373:

In December 2009, Novell announced its intention to lead the market in

2237:

The case attracted considerable industry and media attention, with the

1906: 1902: 1811: 1509: 1490: 1420: 1344: 1326:, Novell Directory Services, and other management services components. 1138: 1129: 1098:

was an important step, one that could be furthered with levels such as

1038: 1023: 1016: 728: 616: 571: 551: 489: 437: 425: 379: 214: 209: 116: 6569: 3745:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1983-04-14. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com. 3575:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1982-07-08. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com. 3557:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1982-04-29. p. 36 – via Newspapers.com. 3517:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1982-04-01. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com. 3300:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1981-07-23. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com. 3224:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1986-09-25. p. 28 – via Newspapers.com. 3201:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1981-06-18. p. 30 – via Newspapers.com. 2013: 1500:

In terms of operating system architecture, SuperNOS would run NLMs in

1094:

basis. Credentialization programs were in place, such that becoming a

803:(SAP). All of these NetWare protocols mapped to various layers of the 472:

Novell's chief scientist was Drew Major, here seen later in his career

436:, Novell entered a long period of decline. Eventually Novell acquired 9539: 9332: 9271: 9109: 8704: 8555: 8488: 8307: 7726: 6876: 6847: 6737: 6708: 6544: 5729:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 5 (I.T.2) – via Newspapers.com. 5171: 5031: 5003: 4878: 4685: 4386:. Provo, Utah, USA. 1986-12-03. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com. 3960:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 1 (I.T.2) – via Newspapers.com. 2932: 2733: 2709: 2614: 2484: 2472: 2382: 2138:

In November 2004, Novell released the Linux-based enterprise desktop

2117: 1873: 1741: 1692: 1664: 1542: 1505: 1428: 1042: 926: 906: 874: 804: 724: 539: 433: 8160:

Open Horizons UK — An active Novell User Group for UK customers

8127: 5053:"Caldera and Corsair – Who is Caldera, and what is Corsair, really?" 2565:

announced it was buying The Attachmate Group, including Novell, for

1964:

technicians, and were encouraged to position NetWare as inferior to

1635:

The WordPerfect building in Orem, Utah, with Novell signage, in 1994

9596: 9526: 9231: 8628: 8618: 8613: 8580: 8560: 8478: 8443: 8429: 8271: 8137: 7722:"Novell, DRI plan network-based DOS - Firm to enter desktop battle" 7109:"Jeremy Allison Has Resigned from Novell to Protest MS Patent Deal" 6944: 6573: 3058: 3009: 2581: 2358: 2153: 2001: 1793: 1679:

most of which had originated at WordPerfect Corporation, including

1521: 1432: 1360: 1323: 1012: 1008: 911: 811: 739: 735: 452: 171: 4681:"Novell promises fair play in new climate of competition, support" 2321:

In a letter to the FOSS development community on 9 November 2006,

2168:

Novell with SuSE at the Invex expo in Brno, Czech Republic in 2006

2081: 1427:

The deal closed in June 1993, with Novell acquiring rights to the

428:

operating system and its successors. Despite new products such as

9534: 9478: 9473: 9468: 8709: 8662: 8606: 8570: 8565: 8345: 8312: 7399: 7112: 6459:"Aviation Photo #0507908: Fokker F-28-1000 Fellowship - Untitled" 5539:. Orem, Utah, USA: Novell, Inc. 1995. pp. 6, 22, back cover. 5105:"Novell Integrating Parts of NEST With Company's Other Divisions" 4946: 4944: 2940: 2664: 2642: 2623: 2402: 2315: 2065: 2049:, where he became chair of the board (and soon after that, CEO). 1770: 1711: 1660: 1602: 1407:

initiative, Novell announced in December 1992 that it was buying

1387:

In January 1997, Novell's NEST initiative was abandoned as well.

1356: 1303: 1181: 1075: 842: 784: 687: 468: 418: 356:) was an American software and services company headquartered in 8732: 8463: 8154: 6734:"Steve Ballmer: Microsoft and Novell Collaboration Announcement" 5411:"Novell Plans Common SuperNOS Kernel for UnixWare and NetWare". 3879:. In Sportack, Mark A.; Pappas, Frank C.; Rensing, Emil (eds.). 2906:

manages applications, devices, and servers over their life-cycle

1722:

strategy. That strategy was tied to having supporting multiple

1718:

technology. These became part of the basis for Novell's larger

1596:

In June 1993, Novell purchased Serius Corp., a firm that made a

1548:

In September 1995, Novell announced the sale of UnixWare to the

1497:

paradigms as a way of fostering easier application development.

9456: 9281: 8368: 8032: 7640:

See for example the datasheets and other product documents for

7579:"Micro Focus buying Novell, Suse Linux owner for $ 1.2 billion" 7498: 3415:"Help Wanted: Grow with us in Utah Valley: Novell Data Systems" 3260:"Novell Execution of "one Net" – Critical Corporate Milestones" 3095:

configuration management, asset management and patch management

2948: 2703: 2679: 2570: 2406: 2090: 2046: 1436: 1404: 1348: 1295: 1224: 1157: 1153: 976: 930: 899: 846: 823: 819: 756:

Partly in consequence of its design of running at kernel level

747:

value of networking. Thus, Novell's timing was spot on. As the

720: 612: 592: 83: 7774:. Information Gatekeepers Inc. pp. 4–. GGKEY:B3PUUWYUKBN. 5501:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com. 5092:. Melbourne, Australia. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com. 4941: 4920:"Novell and Digital Research sign definitive merger agreement" 3396:"Computer Firm's On Way to Becoming Utah's Next Success Story" 2164: 2120:, which led to a major shift of power in Linux distributions. 2085:

SuSE Linux headquarters and Novell office in Nuremberg in 2007

1992:, forming the foundation of a core product set within Novell. 1306:

in 1993 and was also utilized for the in-house development of

989:

We don't even have an industry; we have to build an industry.

951: 27:

1980–2014 American multinational software and services company

9483: 8682: 8060: 7840: 7524: 6865: 6301: 4840:. Provo, Utah, USA. pp. 1, 2 – via Newspapers.com. 4424:(in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Gabler Verlag. p. 188. 3366:"'Most Misunderstood Company' Well-Known in Computer Circles" 3106: 2530: 2507: 2429: 2299: 2276:

subscription. Additionally, Microsoft agreed to spend around

2038: 1910: 1736: 1561: 1280: 865:

A key software introduction came in 1989 with the release of

826:. They priced them lower than cards from competitors such as 31: 8132: 5475:"Novell Ready to Embark on the Road to Object Orientation". 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 9544: 9516: 9511: 9506: 8398: 7870: 7241:"Novell announces workload management strategy and roadmap" 6279:"Novell prepares to move into 412,000 square foot building" 6185:"Novell Picks Young to Succeed Frankenberg as Firm's Chair" 6043: 6041: 6039: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6008:. Provo, Utah, USA. p. C12 – via Newspapers.com. 3372:. Provo, Utah, USA. p. 16B – via Newspapers.com. 2626:(1989) for TCP/IP, Unix, Mac, DEC VMS connectivity products 2620:

Indisy Software (1988/1990) for e-mail and message handling

2529:

All of the Novell patents would be acquired subject to the

1961: 1914: 1372: 1368: 1363:) as well as other remaining Digital Research assets (like 1165: 1004: 917:

There were competitor companies in the same space, such as

891: 827: 543: 361: 345: 336: 8142: 7511: 7495:"Employees say hundreds laid off at Novell's Provo office" 7395:"Details Emerge of Patents Novell Is Selling to Microsoft" 7362: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5167:"Empty NEST: Novell dumps universal operating system plan" 2636:(1991) for PC operating system software (DR DOS etc.) 2556: 1975:

By 2000, some large NetWare enterprise customers, such as

8244: 8164: 8123: 7677:"Layoffs Ahead As OpenText Closes $ 5.8B Micro Focus Buy" 7418: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7204: 6836: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 4950: 4312: 3715:. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. pp. 2, 14 3313:"BYU Connection Solders Together Local Computer Industry" 2417: 2410: 2201: 2197: 2192:

Novell's booth at a 2007 event in Beijing, showing slogan

2121: 2057: 1969: 1703:, and GroupWise found three times the number of users as 1299: 1284: 1172:, maker of an advanced application development tool; and 619:

saw it and become interested in the company's potential.

558: 447:

in 2011. Attachmate was subsequently acquired in 2014 by

46: 7599:"Micro Focus Completes Merger with the Attachmate Group" 7328:"Novell Agrees to be Acquired by Attachmate Corporation" 6674:"Microsoft wins dismissal of Novell's antitrust lawsuit" 6267:

Including "Leaving Netware Behind" sidebar, same author.

6178: 6176: 6174: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6036: 6012: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 4955:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) . 3666:

Derfler, Frank J. Jr.; Thompson, M. Keith (1989-12-12).

3460:"Technical Excellence: Networking: Advanced NetWare/286" 2471:, and planned to operate Novell as two units, one being 1236:

in February 1992, a project to run an x86-port of their

311: 7320: 7217:"Intelligent workload management: A new way of working" 6915: 5828:"LAN leader Novell readies distributed network assault" 5667: 5665: 5618: 4844: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4094: 4092: 4090: 3987: 1211:

Desktop OS and embedded systems: DOS, NEST, and Corsair

1191:

down from the CEO position once a successor was found.

7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7426:"Attachmate Corporation Statement on openSUSE project" 7201: 6697: 6345: 6101: 5989:. Orem, Utah, USA: Novell, Inc. 1996. pp. 15, 18. 5928:"Novell Acquisitions Hinge On Stock Price Fluctuation" 5345:"Novell Leaves New Jersey, Takes Unix Crowd With It". 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4469: 4467: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3041:(ZES) - provides identity-based protection for client 2435: 1756:

The business press was negative on the whole attempt:

1647:

In March 1994, Novell announced that it was acquiring

1454:

Novell's time with Unix technology saw the release of

914:

position in NOS for any business requiring a network.

60:

Headquarters tower (Building H) in Provo, Utah in 2008

7992: 7939: 7803: 7665:

as accessed on the Micro Focus website on 2022-08-06.

7652:

as accessed on the Micro Focus website on 2021-02-18.

7234: 7232: 7230: 7180:"Novell Delivers Workload Automation Strategy, Tools" 7101: 6894: 6592: 6590: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6171: 6127: 5890: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4715:"Novell/Digital Research reach definitive agreement…" 4454:"How Novell peaked, then threw it all away in a year" 4395: 4393: 4295: 4293: 4291: 3830:. 1985-05-01. p. 8-D – via Newspapers.com. 3812:. 1985-01-16. p. 3-F – via Newspapers.com. 3526: 3524: 3421:. 1980-11-27. p. C 7 – via Newspapers.com. 3252: 3218:"Ray Noorda given credit for saving computer company" 3195:"Orem Data Systems Company Now Shipping New Computer" 3172:. 1980-11-22. p. 3-B – via Newspapers.com. 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 2220:

Beginning in 2003, Novell became a key player in the

2116:

In November 2003, Novell acquired Linux OS developer

1627:

Applications: WordPerfect, Quattro Pro, and GroupWise

1403:

On the server side, after their initial October 1991

1143:

Federal Trade Commission investigation into Microsoft

505:

professor and Eyring Research Institute (ERI) figure

333: 7828: 7689:

For instance, see the product description pages for

7552:".NET Android and iOS clones stripped by Attachmate" 7543: 7486: 7251: 6532: 6395: 6222: 6220: 6218: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5662: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5158: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 4874:"Novell/DRI merger to reap better client management" 4771: 4769: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4562: 4087: 4082:. pp. 42–44, 46–47, 50, 52, 54, 58, 60, 62, 64. 3849:. 1985-01-31. p. 39 – via Newspapers.com. 3754: 3752: 3586:

Sullivan, Brian P.; Brooks, Rodney A. (1982-07-27).

3235: 3233: 3231: 2605:(1986) for storage subsystems, network adapters, PCs 2272:

from Microsoft to Novell for patent cooperation and

1552:(SCO), coincident with a licensing arrangement with 1037:

announced merger of equals based on a $ 1.5-billion

779:(XNS), and created its own standards which it named 348: 342: 7778: 7704: 7634: 7570: 7013: 6936: 6541:"Novell frees SUSE Professional under new branding" 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6084: 6082: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5257: 5255: 4816: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4584:"Flummoxed by the Internet, Head of Novell Resigns" 4464: 4336:. London, UK. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com. 4198: 4196: 4194: 4069: 3964: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3853: 3654: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 1877:Turbo FAT file system remained a supported option. 1390: 339: 7701:as accessed on the OpenText website on 2024-08-25. 7227: 7135:"Novell could be banned from selling Linux: group" 6722: 6648: 6646: 6587: 6465: 6434:"Reseller Files $ 5M Lawsuit Against Ingram Micro" 6317:"Shares of Novell Decline As Analysts Cut Ratings" 6308: 5947:"Novell and WordPerfect To Tie Knot A Month Early" 5821: 5819: 5817: 5738: 5736: 5682:See also sidebar article "Name Game" on same page. 5431:"Novell Gets to Grips With Its SuperNOS Project". 5317:"Novell formally announces the Unix Systems Group" 5279: 5277: 4956: 4788: 4672: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4401:"Six ex-Novell buildings sold to become tech park" 4390: 4288: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4036:"Microsoft May Sound 'The Death Knell For Novell'" 3918:"Novell Inc.: BI-286 Business Basic II capability" 3800: 3798: 3761:"Novell's Expansion Puts Its Products to the Test" 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3579: 3521: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3151: 2368: 2183: 2076: 8066: 7469: 7467: 7443: 7387: 6958: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6514:"Cambridge-bound Novell pins recovery on CTP buy" 6505: 6370: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6153: 5709: 5565: 5548: 5546: 5419: 5404: 5384: 5367: 5070: 4766: 4742: 4509: 4507: 4411: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4159:"Novell unveils LAN gear, new version of NetWare" 4029: 4027: 3816: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3749: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3694:. Deseret News Publishing Company. Archived from 3505: 3503: 3501: 3228: 3134: 3132: 3130: 2748:(2008) for Command Control and Compliance Auditor 2617:(1987) for Btrieve database and programming tools 1279:much in license fees. They became convinced that 398:a focus for technology and software development. 9699: 7964: 7947:"LiveTime and Novell partner for Novell Service" 7655: 6818: 6665: 6479:"Novell's Schmidt Joins Google at Critical Time" 6289: 6195: 6161:"Novell Reports Increase in Revenue, Net Income" 6089:Gillooly, Caryn; Burns, Christine (1994-05-23). 6079: 6060: 5993: 5876: 5857: 5755: 5646: 5644: 5608:"UnixWare survives through sale, licensing deal" 5488: 5486: 5463: 5439: 5353: 5252: 4629: 4627: 4594: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4191: 4174: 4172: 4133: 4131: 4084:"The New World of Novell", cover story of issue. 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3954:"Miss the bus and you're on the road to nowhere" 3928: 3543: 3533:"Safeguard Scientifics reports 1st quarter loss" 3475: 3473: 3447: 3430: 3428: 3406: 3376: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3212: 3210: 3208: 2518:, was not directly affected by the acquisition. 2008: 1243:Novell had already abandoned Digital Research's 615:show in Las Vegas in November 1982; a man named 463: 9793:Defunct software companies of the United States 9778:Defunct computer companies of the United States 9386:Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions 7920: 7591: 7517: 7277:"Novell rejects "inadequate" $ 2B takeover bid" 7269: 7080: 6983: 6800: 6643: 6270: 5814: 5804:"Novell brings out first pieces of its AppWare" 5733: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5401:Also "NetWare or UnixWare: Which One?" sidebar. 5311: 5309: 5274: 5236: 5234: 5132: 5096: 5018: 4990: 4804:"Longtime Hewlett Executive Named Novell Chief" 4705: 4703: 4646: 4636:"Biggest, newest roads in Provo lead to Novell" 4516:"Software Giants Lotus, Novell Call Off Merger" 4438: 4046: 3910: 3891: 3795: 3665: 3598: 3561: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3176: 2385:were involved. Key to this also was the use of 1799: 810:Starting in 1987, Novell began selling its own 622: 8000:"Novell ZENworks Endpoint Security Management" 7884: 7882: 7880: 7601:(Press release). Attachmate Group. 2014-11-20. 7464: 7287: 7126: 6619: 6562: 6403:"Novell lawsuit charges PMI with infringement" 6239: 6069:"WordPerfect and Novell plan to adopt OpenDoc" 5921: 5919: 5872:. p. 24 – via Gale General OneFile. 5795: 5581:"SCO-Novell Deal Was Confusing From The Start" 5543: 5027:"IMS offers Real32 OS for application servers" 4983:(xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5-inch floppy) Errata: 4778:"Novell Vs. Microsoft: What's Behind The Hate" 4678: 4504: 4340: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 3834: 3771: 3726: 3585: 3498: 3288: 3286: 3127: 2561:In September 2014, mainframe software company 2215: 1968:features such as Group Policy and Microsoft's 1052: 574:, Dale Neibaur, and Kyle Powell, known as the 8748: 8414: 8180: 7901: 7761: 7055: 6353:"Novell Files Lawsuits Against Two Resellers" 6088: 5641: 5561:. pp. D6, D7 – via Newspapers.com. 5505: 5483: 5202: 4867: 4865: 4624: 4372: 4214: 4169: 4150: 4128: 4110: 4004: 3899:"Dataflex...More than the tip of the iceberg" 3785:"Network computing's 'father' dies at age 82" 3739:"Novell, Inc., of Orem Selects New President" 3470: 3425: 3402:. pp. 1F, 2F – via Newspapers.com. 3323: 3205: 1889:Eric Schmidt, CEO of Novell from 1997 to 2001 1804: 1504:, for maximum throughput, while it would run 999:Under Noorda, Novell embraced the notion of " 8090:International Directory of Company Histories 7605: 7174: 7172: 7170: 6844:"Covenant to End Users of Moonlight 3 and 4" 6067:Borzo, Jeanette; Quinlan, Tom (1993-07-05). 6066: 5674:"Novell to users: All roads lead to NetWare" 5591: 5306: 5231: 4700: 4140:"Novell to Add Features To Advanced Netware" 3991: 3679: 3352: 2831:since the 1950s in the form of work done at 7877: 7476:"Novell's headquarters comes home to Provo" 6682:. Business & Technology. Archived from 6633:"SCO, Novell: Grokking Where Credit is Due" 6426: 5981: 5979: 5916: 5374:"Novell Releases Version 1.1 of UnixWare". 5338: 4720:(Court document). Plaintiff's exhibit 828, 4679:Barney, Doug; van Kirk, Doug (1994-03-28). 4486: 4362:"Can LAN Lord Novell Extend Its Territory?" 4243: 3707: 3705: 3437:"Looking at Safeguard from a safe distance" 3283: 2889:Cluster Services for Open Enterprise Server 2781:Enterprise Certified Novell Engineer (ECNE) 2639:International Business Software Ltd. (1992) 8755: 8741: 8462: 8421: 8407: 8243: 8187: 8173: 7341: 7279:. Networkworld. 2010-03-20. Archived from 6808:"OpenXML/ODF Translator Add-in for Office" 6783:"Novell gets $ 348 million from Microsoft" 6775: 6750: 6671: 6229:"There's No Looking Back For Eric Schmidt" 5957: 5939: 5838: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5495:"Serving in the battle of the billy-carts" 5453:"An up close look at Novell's next gen OS" 5164: 4914: 4912: 4862: 3304: 2611:CXI (1987) for micro-to-mainframe software 1864:, released in August 1997, which supplied 674:percent. Novell, Inc. began trading as an 633: 54: 9818:Software companies disestablished in 2014 9803:Networking companies of the United States 9763:Computer companies disestablished in 2014 9758:Companies based in Waltham, Massachusetts 9738:American companies disestablished in 2014 7859: 7668: 7518:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (2011-05-04). 7238: 7167: 7149: 7034: 7023:. Tokyo, Japan: Fsfeurope.org. 2006-11-21 6992:"Novell opens legal books to GPL pundits" 6538: 6327: 6298:"Novell stock down after revenue decline" 6226: 6023: 6002:"Novell cuts 1,750, slices manufacturing" 5776: 5652:"Future Unix: The Devil's In The Details" 5555:"Windows 95 a hit in the real world, too" 4882:. Networking. Vol. 13, no. 30. 4831: 4526: 4327: 4102:. Cisco Press. 1999-12-08. Archived from 3951: 3594:. p. 7-E – via Newspapers.com. 3242:"Nine things you don't know about Novell" 2793:Master Certified Novell Instructor (MCNI) 2284:yearly to Microsoft, in the same period. 2128:to show support of the SuSE acquisition. 1880: 1655:word processor, as well as acquiring the 1473:-based network operating system based on 8113: 7683: 7663:"Novell is now part of Micro Focus" page 7214: 6758:"Microsoft makes Linux pact with Novell" 6630: 6355:. Novell.com. 1997-03-04. 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Computer Business Review. 1994-01-13. 5349:. Computer Business Review. 1995-07-07. 5261: 5045: 4909: 4753: 4709: 4417: 4033: 3685: 3530: 3434: 3393: 3363: 3310: 2976:Open Workgroup Suite for Small Business 2784:Master Certified Novell Engineer (MCNE) 2557:Acquisition by Micro Focus and OpenText 1443:facility, which was later relocated to 787:(SPX). These protocols were based on a 14: 9823:Software companies established in 1980 9768:Computer companies established in 1980 9743:American companies established in 1980 9700: 8030: 7907: 7611: 7549: 7063:"Samba Team Asks Novell to Reconsider" 7042:"GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3" 6942: 6652: 6314: 6256: 6026:"PerfectOffice 3.0 enters suites race" 5999: 5925: 5903: 5720: 5492: 5390: 5083: 5024: 4996: 4801: 4659: 4633: 4614:"Novell Readies a Response to Windows" 4611: 4581: 4513: 4492: 4262: 4231: 3874: 3641: 3511:"Novell Data Management Change Listed" 3340: 3239: 1240:on top of a multitasking DR DOS. 1117: 8736: 8402: 8168: 8086: 8033:"Digital Research - The Untold Story" 7719: 6476: 6295: 6182: 5963: 5863: 5671: 5578: 5511: 5138: 5102: 4871: 4834:"Novell, WordPerfect finalize merger" 4775: 4662:"Succession Picture Clears at Novell" 4299: 4156: 4137: 4073: 3994:"Novell Faces the Battle of Its Life" 3881:High-Performance Networking Unleashed 3758: 3480:White, Bradford Morgan (2018-01-26). 3479: 3138: 3051:protects data on laptops and desktops 3039:ZENworks Endpoint Security Management 2587: 1951:From 1998 to 2001, Novell owned this 791:. 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Provo, Utah, USA. pp. 1, 3. 3141:"A Link for All Operating Systems" 3012:, a software suite supporting the 2787:Certified Directory Engineer (CDE) 2145:The successor product to NetWare, 1848:These moves were accelerated when 512:A funding proposal was brought to 25: 9834: 8762: 8318:NetWare Lite and Personal NetWare 8109: 8067:Bourke White, Jr., Roger (2010). 8059:and develop something he called " 6998:. California, USA. Archived from 6902:"Groklaw — Novell Sells Out" 6785:. Linux-watch.com. Archived from 4330:"Can Novell Make the Connections" 3033:ZENworks Configuration Management 2790:Certified Novell Instructor (CNI) 1985:University of Southern California 1591: 1566:Distributed Computing Environment 1291:compatibility layer for Windows. 1247:in 1992. The three former Master 1100:Master Certified NetWare Engineer 952:Corporate ethos and "coopetition" 9813:Software companies based in Utah 8385: 8384: 7520:"Is Mono dead? Is Novell dying?" 7065:. News.samba.org. Archived from 6832:from the original on 2014-11-19. 6451: 5743:Politis, David L. (2004-03-29). 5723:"Novell is back and stalking NT" 5361:"Novell Continues Restructuring" 3952:Philipson, Graeme (2000-08-29). 3887:from the original on 2018-09-02. 3686:Politis, David L. (1996-07-28). 2759: 2357:, who confirmed in a comment on 2089:In August 2003, Novell acquired 1651:, whose primary product was the 1391:Server OS: UnixWare and SuperNOS 762:general-purpose operating system 627: 329: 45: 9773:Defunct companies based in Utah 8097:from the original on 2023-09-15 8075:from the original on 2023-09-15 8039:from the original on 2019-04-19 7848:from the original on 2018-09-14 7817:from the original on 2018-09-14 7792:from the original on 2018-09-09 7750:from the original on 2020-02-17 7618:] of SUSE from Micro Focus" 7474:Pugmire, Genelle (2011-05-03). 6672:Rosenblatt, Joel (2012-07-16). 6477:Olsen, Stephanie (2001-03-26). 6167:. 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Novell, Inc. 2210:Concurrent Computer Corporation 2077:SuSE and Open Enterprise Server 1860:One result of these shifts was 1337:, a startup funded by Noorda's 1156:, to compete with Microsoft's 822:, and then in 1988, the 16-bit 386:, which displaced the dominant 9753:Companies based in Provo, Utah 9733:2014 disestablishments in Utah 9723:1980s initial public offerings 8833:Museum of Peoples and Cultures 7972:"Endpoint Security Management" 7771:Local Area Networks Newsletter 7215:Endersby, Linda (2010-03-25). 6631:Proffitt, Brian (2010-03-20). 6539:Gasperson, Tina (2005-08-03). 6315:Prince, Marcelo (1999-11-26). 6227:Reinhardt, Andy (1997-09-01). 6143:"Novell's Chairman, CEO Quits" 6024:Greenberg, Ilan (1994-12-19). 5847:"AppWare strategy in disarray" 5826:Gillooly, Caryn (1993-12-07). 5802:Gillooly, Caryn (1993-10-18). 5785:"A Brief History of Microbrew" 5745:"Novell regaining prior glory" 5553:Peabody, George (1995-10-22). 5084:Wright, Charles (1994-09-20). 4328:Schofield, Jack (1994-09-22). 4300:Reiss, Spencer (August 1997). 4234:"Oral History of Kanwal Rekhi" 3992:O'Reilly, Brian (1993-08-09). 3139:Lewis, Peter H. (1989-05-14). 3014:management of computer systems 2871:Business Continuity Clustering 2770:Certified Novell Administrator 1598:graphical programming language 1560:to their own version of Unix, 1122: 860: 451:which was acquired in turn by 13: 1: 9808:Networking hardware companies 9748:Companies based in Orem, Utah 9728:2011 mergers and acquisitions 9311:Wasatch–Cache National Forest 8930:Utah Valley Convention Center 8104:– via encyclopedia.com. 7908:Romboy, Dennis (1998-06-25). 7786:"Novell Acquires PGSoft, Inc" 7239:Kusnetzky, Dan (2009-12-08). 6277:Allison, Darin (2000-01-31). 6091:"Novell maps out object plan" 5866:"Will AppWare be next to go?" 5393:"Unix for the NetWare Masses" 4832:Christian, Pat (1994-06-27). 4634:Romboy, Dennis (1998-06-02). 4474:Stephens, Mark (1989-09-18). 4204:"Novell and Excelan to Merge" 4179:Stephens, Mark (1989-08-28). 3531:Lawless, James (1982-04-28). 3435:Lawless, James (1982-04-11). 3343:"Oral History of Pete Musser" 3311:Jackson, J. J. (1985-11-05). 3120: 3049:ZENworks Full Disk Encryption 2689:Cambridge Technology Partners 2533:open source license, and the 2479:owned by Novell were sold to 2239:free and open-source software 2159: 2147:Novell Open Enterprise Server 2023:Cambridge Technology Partners 2009:Cambridge Technology Partners 1796:for networking applications. 1035:Lotus Development Corporation 464:Origins as a hardware company 270:Novell Open Enterprise Server 9788:Defunct networking companies 9462:BYU Television International 8428: 8031:Perkel, Marc (1996-10-18) . 7949:. 2010-10-12. Archived from 7910:"Corel closing Orem offices" 7675:Haranas, Mark (2023-01-31). 7550:Clarke, Gavin (2011-05-03). 7403:. 2011-01-18. Archived from 7370:"SCHEDULE 14-A — Novell Inc" 7315:in cash (the "Patent Sale"). 7186:. 2009-12-08. Archived from 7159:. 2012-05-29. Archived from 6850:. 2009-12-18. Archived from 6604:. 2005-10-31. Archived from 6512:Sweeney, Phil (2002-04-29). 6411:. 1998-08-27. 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Novell, Inc. 2000-02-22. 7720:Scott, Karyl (1991-07-22). 6970:Software Freedom Law Center 6598:"Cold Realities For Novell" 6257:Connor, Deni (2000-07-31). 6000:Hicken, Robb (1994-08-25). 5721:Wilson, Eric (1998-09-01). 5672:DiDio, Laura (1995-10-02). 5512:Strom, David (2003-11-05). 5493:Cookes, Thom (1994-12-06). 5391:Garris, John (1995-05-30). 5363:. Telecompaper. 1993-09-10. 4997:Barney, Doug (1994-07-25). 4872:Scott, Karyl (1991-07-29). 4758:. CNET News. Archived from 4754:Firmage, Joe (2003-10-01). 4263:Proven, Liam (2013-07-16). 4232:Musser, Pete (2017-12-20). 4157:DiDio, Laura (1988-05-16). 4034:Cortese, Amy (1996-03-25). 3394:Boulton, Guy (1986-04-06). 3341:Musser, Pete (2019-09-18). 3240:Connor, Deni (2007-04-05). 3101: 2956:NFS Gateway for NetWare 6.5 2853: 2475:. As part of the deal, 882 2327:Software Freedom Law Center 2216:Legal actions and reactions 1495:object-oriented programming 1287:networking for NetWare and 1053:Sales and channel practices 818:. These included the 8-bit 518:Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. 516:, chairman of the board of 106:; 44 years ago 10: 9839: 9667:Missionary Training Center 9188:Superintendent's Residence 9155:Olmsted Station Powerhouse 8194: 7836:"Novell acquires Novetrix" 7811:"Novell Acquires Novetrix" 7612:Murphy, Ian (2019-03-18). 7157:"News - Linux for Devices" 6653:Harvey, Tom (2010-03-10). 6335:"Novell warns on earnings" 6117:"Novell Sells WordPerfect" 6048:Ryan, Susan (1994-11-14). 5864:Krill, Paul (1995-11-06). 5845:Mace, Scott (1994-09-05). 5783:Cox, Edward (2000-05-29). 5614:. 1995-09-25. p. 134. 5579:Foley, John (2003-06-06). 5477:Computergram International 5433:Computergram International 5413:Computergram International 5377:Computergram International 5347:Computergram International 4776:Lewyn, Mark (1993-09-27). 4210:. 1989-03-24. p. D10. 4124:. 1992-06-12. p. 334. 3905:. April 1983. p. 379. 3466:. 1987-01-27. p. 180. 3087:ZENworks Virtual Appliance 3071:ZENworks Mobile Management 1805:NDS and other new products 1747: 1558:NetWare Directory Services 1261:Intelligent Micro Software 1096:Certified NetWare Engineer 1033:In April 1990, Novell and 890:computers as well as with 712:(NOS) on it, was known as 685: 681: 458: 29: 9798:Micro Focus International 9644: 9557: 9525: 9497: 9449: 9424: 9417: 9394: 9351: 9290: 9207: 9087: 8956: 8947: 8935:Velour Live Music Gallery 8890:Covey Center for the Arts 8882: 8846: 8778: 8771: 8673:HP IT Management Software 8589: 8514:OpenText Business Network 8471: 8460: 8436: 8382: 8332: 8295: 8259: 8252: 8241: 8202: 7622:www.enterprisetimes.co.uk 7493:Koep, Paul (2011-05-02). 6436:. Crn.com. Archived from 6183:Gomes, Leo (1996-08-30). 5514:"Novell Buys Unix, Again" 4858:. 1994-11-28. p. 32. 3924:. 1984-03-05. p. 65. 3843:"Over-the-Counter Stocks" 3828:The Philadelphia Inquirer 3810:The Philadelphia Inquirer 3592:The Philadelphia Inquirer 3170:The Philadelphia Inquirer 3147:. p. 12 (Section 3). 3081:ZENworks Patch Management 3065:ZENworks Linux Management 3027:ZENworks Asset Management 2912:Endpoint Protection Suite 2910:Endpoint Protection Suite 2804: 2776:Certified Novell Engineer 2608:Cache Data Product (1986) 2603:Santa Clara Systems, Inc. 2349:On 12 November 2006, the 2056:, the platform comprised 1843:Java programming language 785:Sequenced Packet Exchange 449:Micro Focus International 430:Novell Directory Services 306: 296: 288: 252: 200: 177: 168:Micro Focus International 158: 143: 126: 100: 90: 75: 65: 53: 44: 9359:Brigham Young University 8854:Festival Latinoamericano 8693:Unix System Laboratories 8374:Unix System Laboratories 7736:IDG Communications, Inc. 6323:– via www.wsj.com. 5631:"Unix Unity Foundering?" 5459:. pp. L1, L13, L14. 5321:Computer Business Review 5214:Computer Business Review 5177:InfoWorld Publishing Co. 4884:InfoWorld Publishing Co. 4418:Wurster, Simone (2011). 3783:Foy, Paul (2006-10-10). 3650:. p. 1 (Section 3). 3089:provides self-contained 2649:Unix System Laboratories 2450:Elliott Associates, L.P. 2379:cloud computing security 2339:Free Software Foundation 2071: 2027:Cambridge, Massachusetts 1483:NetWare Loadable Modules 1445:Florham Park, New Jersey 1419:in conjunction with the 1409:Unix System Laboratories 1312:Integrated Systems, Inc. 1162:Unix System Laboratories 880:NetWare Loadable Modules 710:network operating system 659:network operating system 503:Brigham Young University 478:Novell Data Systems Inc. 407:Unix System Laboratories 369:network operating system 30:Not to be confused with 9128:Lakeview Tithing Office 8803:Harris Fine Arts Center 8526:OpenText Quality Center 8521:OpenText Data Protector 7933:Silicon Slopes Magazine 7732:Popular Computing, Inc. 7295:"FORM 8-K — Novell Inc" 6519:Boston Business Journal 6189:The Wall Street Journal 6147:San Francisco Chronicle 5765:. Novell. December 1995 4852:"Briefs: End of an era" 4756:"An open-source letter" 4452:Fay, Joe (2013-07-25). 3537:The Des Moines Register 3482:"The History of Novell" 3441:The Des Moines Register 3057:allows securing stolen 2848:Silicon Slopes Magazine 2695:Callisto Software, Inc. 2655:WordPerfect Corporation 2302:free software license. 1990:Novell Identity Manager 1765:San Francisco Chronicle 1716:IBM System Object Model 1649:WordPerfect Corporation 1580:rather than UnixWare.) 1174:WordPerfect Corporation 1088:Electronic Data Systems 795:(NCP) over IPX, as did 542:microprocessor and the 9622:Utah Transit Authority 8828:Museum of Paleontology 8808:LaVell Edwards Stadium 8541:Open Enterprise Server 8517:OpenText Content Suite 8303:Open Enterprise Server 8118: 7813:. Novell. 2000-03-14. 7768:Polishuk, Paul (ed.). 7691:Open Enterprise Server 7642:Open Enterprise Server 7430:Attachmate Corporation 5810:. pp. 21, 25, 26. 5399:. pp. NE15, NE16. 4118:"NetWare Architecture" 3875:Causey, James (1997). 3668:"Novell's NetWare 386" 3569:"Novell Force Reduced" 3110: 2963:Open Enterprise Server 2814: 2724:e-Security, Inc (2006) 2597: 2535:Open Invention Network 2456:per share in cash, or 2445: 2310: 2193: 2169: 2086: 2018: 1996:there were reports of 1956: 1901:and its predecessors, 1890: 1881:Decline of marketshare 1814:. It was based on the 1727:children was dropped. 1724:object request brokers 1644: 1636: 1574:Open Enterprise Server 1569:remained with Novell. 1564:, in combination with 1537: 1400: 1066: 994:Ray Noorda, 1985, 991: 973:Evans & Sutherland 961: 933:product and then with 884:C programming language 704:processor and using a 697: 676:over-the-counter stock 580:multiplayer video game 563: 473: 191:Waltham, Massachusetts 9364:Provo School District 9306:Uinta National Forest 9175:Startup Candy Factory 8818:Larry H. Miller Field 8634:Harbinger Corporation 8117: 6943:corbet (2006-11-03). 6659:The Salt Lake Tribune 4542:John Wiley & Sons 4405:The Salt Lake Tribune 3877:"Chapter 22: NetWare" 3419:The Salt Lake Tribune 3400:The Salt Lake Tribune 3109: 2917:File Management Suite 2833:Utah State University 2812: 2752:Managed Objects, Inc. 2673:Ukiah Software (1999) 2595: 2443: 2308: 2296:Microsoft Silverlight 2191: 2184:"Your Linux is Ready" 2167: 2084: 2016: 1981:United Parcel Service 1953:Fokker F28 Fellowship 1950: 1888: 1642: 1634: 1535: 1398: 1298:had been licensed to 1276:Internet connectivity 1249:Value Added Resellers 1150:Digital Research Inc. 1072:value-added resellers 1060: 987: 968:The Salt Lake Tribune 959: 816:network adapter cards 793:NetWare Core Protocol 777:Xerox Network Systems 744:local area networking 695: 602:local area networking 561: 476:The company began as 471: 392:Microsoft Corporation 9404:Utah Valley Hospital 9237:Combustion Resources 9179:Utah State Hospital 8920:Utah Lake State Park 8874:Utah Valley Marathon 8722:Vignette Corporation 8651:The Attachmate Group 8597:Autonomy Corporation 7330:. Novell. 2010-11-22 7313:US$ 450 million 6296:Shankland, Stephen. 5264:"Novell's long shot" 5139:Magee, Mike (1997). 4922:. Provo, Utah, USA. 4498:"Remembering Judith" 2970:Open Workgroup Suite 2567:US$ 1.2 billion 2523:US$ 450 million 2469:US$ 2.2 billion 2465:The Attachmate Group 2270:US$ 348 million 2140:Novell Linux Desktop 2097:Linux applications ( 1977:Chase Manhattan Bank 1550:Santa Cruz Operation 1449:Bracknell, Berkshire 1431:source base and the 1413:AT&T Corporation 851:San Jose, California 738:spreadsheet for the 445:The Attachmate Group 164:The Attachmate Group 9657:Flag of Provo, Utah 9634:Utah Valley Express 9409:Utah State Hospital 9257:North American Arms 9242:Empower Playgrounds 9094:Historic districts 8915:Shops at Riverwoods 8678:Mercury Interactive 7482:. Provo, Utah, USA. 6502:from the same news. 6321:Wall Street Journal 6121:The Washington Post 6050:"A suite contender" 4100:"NetWare Protocols" 4076:"Novell's Campaign" 3674:. pp. 205–221. 2718:Tally System (2005) 2634:US$ 80 million 2282:US$ 40 million 2278:US$ 46 million 2126:US$ 50 million 1514:single system image 1351:versions including 1294:Digital Research's 1257:Concurrent Controls 1253:DataPac Australasia 1221:US$ 80 million 1201:Computer Associates 1118:Taking on Microsoft 1084:Andersen Consulting 789:client–server model 488:company located in 388:mainframe computing 384:local area networks 302:10,150 (peak, 1994) 298:Number of employees 41: 9227:Alpine Air Express 9165:Provo City Library 8531:OpenText SiteScope 8260:Systems management 8225:Robert Frankenberg 8148:2015-05-08 at the 8119: 7927:Hale, Val (2020). 7895:Salt Lake Magazine 7245:Virtually Speaking 6826:"Novell Downloads" 6283:The Daily Universe 6056:. pp. 1, 192. 5987:1996 Annual Report 5932:The New York Times 5910:The New York Times 5559:Rapid City Journal 5537:1995 Annual Report 4951:Schulman, Andrew; 4722:Comes v. Microsoft 4666:The New York Times 4618:The New York Times 4588:The New York Times 4208:The New York Times 3806:"Business Summary" 3648:The New York Times 3145:The New York Times 3111: 2883:Client for Windows 2815: 2598: 2588:Companies acquired 2458:US$ 1 billion 2446: 2395:software appliance 2391:Linux distribution 2311: 2222:SCO–Linux disputes 2194: 2170: 2087: 2025:(CTP), founded in 2019: 1957: 1919:Forrester Research 1891: 1759:The New York Times 1720:distributed object 1685:slides preparation 1645: 1637: 1586:SCO-Linux disputes 1538: 1518:Chorus Systèmes SA 1441:Summit, New Jersey 1401: 1316:US$ 3 million 1196:Robert Frankenberg 1067: 962: 946:wide area networks 896:Oracle Corporation 698: 564: 546:operating system. 536:dot matrix printer 534:and the Image 800 474: 231:Robert Frankenberg 147:November 2014 39: 9695: 9694: 9566:California Zephyr 9553: 9552: 9298:Bridal Veil Falls 9203: 9202: 9138:Third Ward Chapel 8943: 8942: 8730: 8729: 8700:Peregrine Systems 8624:Guidance Software 8536:OpenText Together 8396: 8395: 8359:Star Trek project 8328: 8327: 8215:Dennis Fairclough 6679:The Seattle Times 6265:. pp. 48–52. 6097:. pp. 1, 79. 5637:. December 1995. 5246:Los Angeles Times 4555:978-0-7821-4207-5 4520:Los Angeles Times 4431:978-3-8349-6795-4 4165:. pp. 4, 71. 3789:The Seattle Times 3767:. pp. 54–55. 3115:Novell BrainShare 2895:Data Synchronizer 2481:CPTN Holdings LLC 2399:virtual appliance 2337:, founder of the 2093:, a developer of 1893:The inclusion of 1830:was not yet out. 1659:spreadsheet from 1379:on 23 July 1996. 1063:Novell BrainShare 771:Novell based its 766:computer security 708:. This, with the 576:SuperSet Software 507:Dennis Fairclough 322: 321: 95:Computer software 16:(Redirected from 9830: 9422: 9421: 9302:National Forest 9252:New Play Project 9222:Agel Enterprises 8954: 8953: 8869:Sunfall Festival 8859:Freedom Festival 8838:Smith Fieldhouse 8776: 8775: 8757: 8750: 8743: 8734: 8733: 8668:Fortify Software 8641:Hummingbird Ltd. 8502:NetIQ eDirectory 8466: 8423: 8416: 8409: 8400: 8399: 8388: 8387: 8277:Identity Manager 8257: 8256: 8247: 8230:Ronald Hovsepian 8189: 8182: 8175: 8166: 8165: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8057:Digital Research 8047: 8045: 8044: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8011: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7983: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7886: 7875: 7874: 7869:. Archived from 7863: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7738:pp. 1, 91. 7717: 7702: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7672: 7666: 7659: 7653: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7528:. Archived from 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7471: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7314: 7307: 7306: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7236: 7225: 7224: 7212: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7176: 7165: 7164: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7137:. Archived from 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6879:. Archived from 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6716: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6650: 6641: 6640: 6628: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6594: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6547:. Archived from 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6509: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6490: 6474: 6463: 6462: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6364: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6274: 6268: 6266: 6254: 6237: 6236: 6224: 6193: 6192: 6180: 6169: 6168: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6138: 6125: 6124: 6112: 6099: 6098: 6086: 6077: 6076: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6045: 6034: 6033: 6021: 6010: 6009: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5923: 5914: 5913: 5901: 5888: 5887: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5823: 5812: 5811: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5740: 5731: 5730: 5718: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5689: 5683: 5681: 5669: 5660: 5659: 5658:. November 1995. 5656:Information Week 5648: 5639: 5638: 5627: 5616: 5615: 5604: 5589: 5588: 5585:Information Week 5576: 5563: 5562: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5533: 5522: 5521: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5490: 5481: 5480: 5472: 5461: 5460: 5448: 5437: 5436: 5428: 5417: 5416: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5313: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5259: 5250: 5249: 5238: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5081: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4962: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4838:The Daily Herald 4829: 4814: 4813: 4799: 4786: 4785: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4751: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4719: 4707: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4657: 4644: 4643: 4631: 4622: 4621: 4609: 4592: 4591: 4579: 4560: 4559: 4544:. 2003. p. 4539: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4449: 4436: 4435: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4357: 4338: 4337: 4325: 4310: 4309: 4297: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4260: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4229: 4212: 4211: 4200: 4189: 4188: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4146:. pp. 1, 8. 4135: 4126: 4125: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4096: 4085: 4083: 4071: 4044: 4043: 4031: 4002: 4001: 3989: 3962: 3961: 3949: 3926: 3925: 3914: 3908: 3906: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3872: 3851: 3850: 3847:The Boston Globe 3838: 3832: 3831: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3780: 3769: 3768: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3735: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3709: 3700: 3699: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3663: 3652: 3651: 3639: 3596: 3595: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3507: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3486:Abort Retry Fail 3477: 3468: 3467: 3456: 3445: 3444: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3391: 3374: 3373: 3361: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3338: 3321: 3320: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3290: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3237: 3226: 3225: 3214: 3203: 3202: 3191: 3174: 3173: 3162: 3149: 3148: 3136: 2877:Client for Linux 2635: 2630:Digital Research 2568: 2524: 2502: 2470: 2459: 2455: 2335:Richard Stallman 2283: 2279: 2271: 2251:Microsoft Office 2178:Ronald Hovsepian 2127: 1998:channel stuffing 1939: 1935: 1855:Sun Microsystems 1828:Active Directory 1791: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1701:Lotus SmartSuite 1676:Microsoft Office 1487:Unix executables 1381:Personal NetWare 1347:(and all former 1317: 1272:desktop metaphor 1222: 1217:Digital Research 1215:Novell acquired 1112:General Electric 1080:Egghead Software 995: 869:, also known as 837:Novell acquired 773:network protocol 647:General Electric 637: 501:). While future 497:or the feminine 486:computer systems 403:Digital Research 355: 354: 351: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 318: 315: 313: 265:Novell GroupWise 244:Ronald Hovsepian 154: 152: 114: 112: 107: 104:August 1980 58: 49: 42: 38: 21: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9677:Sundance Resort 9640: 9549: 9521: 9493: 9445: 9413: 9396: 9390: 9369:Independence HS 9347: 9286: 9209: 9199: 9083: 8949: 8939: 8910:Peaks Ice Arena 8878: 8864:Stadium of Fire 8842: 8813:Marriott Center 8767: 8761: 8731: 8726: 8715:Serena Software 8602:Carbonite, Inc. 8585: 8467: 8458: 8432: 8427: 8397: 8392: 8378: 8324: 8291: 8248: 8239: 8198: 8193: 8150:Wayback Machine 8112: 8100: 8098: 8078: 8076: 8042: 8040: 8027: 8025:Further reading 8022: 8021: 8009: 8007: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7981: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7956: 7954: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7925: 7921: 7906: 7902: 7887: 7878: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7851: 7849: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7820: 7818: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7795: 7793: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7766: 7762: 7753: 7751: 7718: 7705: 7688: 7684: 7673: 7669: 7660: 7656: 7639: 7635: 7626: 7624: 7610: 7606: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7583: 7581: 7577:Jackson, Joab. 7575: 7571: 7562: 7560: 7548: 7544: 7535: 7533: 7516: 7512: 7503: 7501: 7491: 7487: 7472: 7465: 7456: 7454: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7435: 7433: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7410: 7408: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7379: 7377: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7354: 7352: 7347: 7346: 7342: 7333: 7331: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7312: 7304: 7302: 7293: 7292: 7288: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7237: 7228: 7221:Computer Weekly 7213: 7202: 7193: 7191: 7178: 7177: 7168: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7141:on 2007-02-13. 7131: 7127: 7118: 7116: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7093: 7091: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7072: 7070: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7047: 7045: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7026: 7024: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7005: 7003: 6988: 6984: 6975: 6973: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6950: 6948: 6941: 6937: 6928: 6926: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6907: 6905: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6886: 6884: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6857: 6855: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6792: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6767: 6765: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6742: 6740: 6727: 6723: 6714: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6698: 6689: 6687: 6670: 6666: 6651: 6644: 6629: 6620: 6611: 6609: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6579: 6577: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6554: 6552: 6537: 6533: 6524: 6522: 6510: 6506: 6488: 6486: 6475: 6466: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6443: 6441: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6418: 6416: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6387: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6362: 6360: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6313: 6309: 6294: 6290: 6275: 6271: 6255: 6240: 6225: 6196: 6181: 6172: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6139: 6128: 6113: 6102: 6087: 6080: 6065: 6061: 6046: 6037: 6022: 6013: 5998: 5994: 5985: 5984: 5977: 5962: 5958: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5924: 5917: 5902: 5891: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5862: 5858: 5843: 5839: 5824: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5781: 5777: 5768: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5741: 5734: 5719: 5710: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5670: 5663: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5635:InformationWeek 5629: 5628: 5619: 5606: 5605: 5592: 5577: 5566: 5551: 5544: 5535: 5534: 5525: 5510: 5506: 5491: 5484: 5474: 5473: 5464: 5449: 5440: 5430: 5429: 5420: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5389: 5385: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5330: 5328: 5315: 5314: 5307: 5298: 5296: 5283: 5282: 5275: 5260: 5253: 5240: 5239: 5232: 5223: 5221: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5194: 5192: 5163: 5159: 5150: 5148: 5137: 5133: 5124: 5122: 5101: 5097: 5082: 5071: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5035: 5023: 5019: 5010: 5008: 4995: 4991: 4979: 4949: 4942: 4933: 4931: 4918: 4917: 4910: 4901: 4899: 4870: 4863: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4830: 4817: 4800: 4789: 4774: 4767: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4717: 4713:(1992-05-27) . 4708: 4701: 4692: 4690: 4677: 4673: 4658: 4647: 4632: 4625: 4610: 4595: 4580: 4563: 4556: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4512: 4505: 4491: 4487: 4472: 4465: 4450: 4439: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4399: 4398: 4391: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4358: 4341: 4326: 4313: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4278: 4261: 4244: 4236: 4230: 4215: 4202: 4201: 4192: 4177: 4170: 4155: 4151: 4136: 4129: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4098: 4097: 4088: 4072: 4047: 4032: 4005: 3990: 3965: 3950: 3929: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3873: 3854: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3804: 3803: 3796: 3781: 3772: 3757: 3750: 3737: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3710: 3703: 3684: 3680: 3664: 3655: 3640: 3599: 3584: 3580: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3529: 3522: 3509: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3488: 3478: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3448: 3433: 3426: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3392: 3377: 3362: 3353: 3345: 3339: 3324: 3309: 3305: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3238: 3229: 3216: 3215: 3206: 3193: 3192: 3177: 3164: 3163: 3152: 3137: 3128: 3123: 3104: 2989:Storage Manager 2856: 2807: 2802: 2762: 2757: 2730:Senforce (2007) 2685:Novetrix (2001) 2633: 2590: 2566: 2559: 2522: 2500: 2468: 2457: 2453: 2438: 2371: 2323:Bradley M. Kuhn 2281: 2277: 2269: 2218: 2186: 2162: 2125: 2079: 2074: 2064:tools based on 2031:John J. Donovan 2011: 1937: 1930: 1883: 1807: 1802: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1750: 1629: 1594: 1554:Hewlett-Packard 1393: 1315: 1220: 1213: 1125: 1120: 1055: 1024:Mormon religion 997: 993: 954: 905:An analyst for 863: 857:going forward. 690: 684: 671:rights offering 642: 641: 640: 630: 625: 466: 461: 332: 328: 310: 299: 284: 280:Novell ZENworks 248: 203: 196: 195: 150: 148: 139: 115: 110: 108: 105: 80: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9836: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9672:Notable people 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9648: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9638: 9637: 9636: 9631: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9587: 9581:Provo station 9579: 9574: 9569: 9561: 9559: 9558:Transportation 9555: 9554: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9503: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9491: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9465: 9464: 9453: 9451: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9436: 9428: 9426: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9400: 9398: 9397:& research 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9361: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9300: 9294: 9292: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9213: 9211: 9208:Industry & 9205: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9091: 9089: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9019:Johnson–Hansen 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8969:Allen/Carriage 8966: 8960: 8958: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8892: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8798:Carillon Tower 8795: 8790: 8784: 8782: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8760: 8759: 8752: 8745: 8737: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8724: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8643: 8638: 8637: 8636: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8599: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8551:Silk Performer 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8515: 8512: 8507: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8468: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8433: 8426: 8425: 8418: 8411: 8403: 8394: 8393: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8321: 8320: 8310: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8282:Access Manager 8279: 8274: 8269: 8263: 8261: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8220:Raymond Noorda 8217: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8192: 8191: 8184: 8177: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8111: 8110:External links 8108: 8107: 8106: 8084: 8064: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8006:. Novell. 2014 8004:www.novell.com 7991: 7963: 7938: 7919: 7900: 7876: 7873:on 2008-11-13. 7858: 7827: 7802: 7777: 7760: 7703: 7699:ZENworks Suite 7682: 7667: 7654: 7633: 7604: 7590: 7569: 7542: 7510: 7485: 7463: 7442: 7417: 7386: 7361: 7340: 7319: 7286: 7283:on 2010-03-24. 7268: 7250: 7226: 7200: 7166: 7163:on 2012-05-29. 7148: 7125: 7100: 7090:. Slashdot.org 7079: 7054: 7033: 7012: 6990:Sanders, Tom. 6982: 6957: 6935: 6914: 6893: 6864: 6835: 6817: 6799: 6774: 6764:. News.com.com 6749: 6730:Ballmer, Steve 6721: 6696: 6664: 6642: 6618: 6586: 6570:"Buy openSUSE" 6561: 6531: 6504: 6464: 6450: 6425: 6394: 6369: 6344: 6326: 6307: 6288: 6269: 6238: 6194: 6170: 6152: 6126: 6100: 6078: 6059: 6035: 6011: 5992: 5975: 5956: 5938: 5915: 5889: 5875: 5856: 5837: 5813: 5794: 5791:on 2011-07-14. 5775: 5754: 5732: 5708: 5684: 5661: 5640: 5617: 5590: 5564: 5542: 5523: 5504: 5482: 5462: 5438: 5418: 5403: 5383: 5366: 5352: 5337: 5323:. 1993-07-07. 5305: 5291:. 1993-06-14. 5273: 5251: 5230: 5216:. 1991-10-25. 5201: 5157: 5131: 5095: 5069: 5044: 5017: 4989: 4977: 4965:Addison Wesley 4963:(2 ed.). 4953:Brown, Ralf D. 4940: 4926:. 1991-07-17. 4908: 4861: 4843: 4815: 4809:New York Times 4787: 4765: 4762:on 2004-04-09. 4741: 4699: 4671: 4645: 4623: 4593: 4561: 4554: 4525: 4503: 4496:(2012-01-13). 4485: 4463: 4437: 4430: 4410: 4389: 4371: 4339: 4311: 4287: 4242: 4213: 4190: 4168: 4149: 4127: 4109: 4106:on 2001-02-10. 4086: 4045: 4003: 3963: 3927: 3909: 3907:Advertisement. 3890: 3852: 3840:For instance, 3833: 3815: 3794: 3770: 3748: 3725: 3701: 3698:on 2022-09-28. 3678: 3653: 3597: 3578: 3560: 3542: 3520: 3497: 3469: 3446: 3424: 3412:For instance, 3405: 3375: 3351: 3322: 3303: 3282: 3251: 3227: 3204: 3175: 3150: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3084: 3078: 3068: 3062: 3052: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3007: 2999: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2959: 2953: 2945: 2937: 2929: 2921: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2855: 2852: 2844:Silicon Slopes 2806: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2727:RedMojo (2007) 2725: 2722: 2721:Immunix (2005) 2719: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2670:Netoria (1999) 2668: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2599: 2589: 2586: 2558: 2555: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2487:and including 2437: 2434: 2422:Citrix Systems 2370: 2367: 2355:Jeremy Allison 2264:Microsoft CEO 2259:virtualization 2255:OpenOffice.org 2217: 2214: 2185: 2182: 2161: 2158: 2124:also invested 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2010: 2007: 1882: 1879: 1836:IIS web server 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1749: 1746: 1628: 1625: 1593: 1592:Tools: AppWare 1590: 1588:of the 2000s. 1392: 1389: 1212: 1209: 1152:, producer of 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1054: 1051: 986: 953: 950: 923:Banyan Systems 919:Corvus Systems 882:(NLMs) in the 862: 859: 855:Silicon Valley 750:New York Times 702:Motorola 68000 686:Main article: 683: 680: 663:Novell NetWare 638: 632: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 465: 462: 460: 457: 373:Novell NetWare 366:multi-platform 320: 319: 308: 304: 303: 300: 297: 294: 293: 290: 286: 285: 283: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 260:Novell NetWare 256: 254: 250: 249: 247: 246: 241: 238: 233: 228: 223: 220: 217: 212: 206: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 182: 181: 179: 175: 174: 160: 156: 155: 145: 141: 140: 138: 137: 134: 130: 128: 124: 123: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 81: 76: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 59: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9835: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9688: 9687:Wasatch Front 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9643: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9577:Provo Airport 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9567: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9556: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9496: 9489: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9423: 9420: 9416: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9393: 9387: 9384: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9350: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9289: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9277:Revere Health 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9217:Action Target 9215: 9214: 9212: 9206: 9196: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9150:Maeser School 9148: 9146: 9145:Lewis Terrace 9143: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9115:Hotel Roberts 9113: 9111: 9108: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9034:Knight–Mangum 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9014:Hines Mansion 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8955: 8952: 8946: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8881: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8823:Museum of Art 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8777: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8758: 8753: 8751: 8746: 8744: 8739: 8738: 8735: 8723: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8588: 8582: 8579: 8577: 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Novell 8350: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296:Collaboration 8294: 8288: 8287:BorderManager 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8255: 8251: 8246: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8190: 8185: 8183: 8178: 8176: 8171: 8170: 8167: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8133:Novell Forums 8131: 8129: 8125: 8124:International 8121: 8120: 8116: 8096: 8092: 8091: 8085: 8074: 8070: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8038: 8034: 8029: 8028: 8016: 8005: 8001: 7995: 7988: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7953:on 2012-07-31 7952: 7948: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7904: 7896: 7892: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7872: 7868: 7862: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7831: 7816: 7812: 7806: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7773: 7772: 7764: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7686: 7678: 7671: 7664: 7658: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7637: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7600: 7594: 7580: 7573: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7546: 7532:on 2011-05-08 7531: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7468: 7452: 7446: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7407:on 2011-01-21 7406: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7350: 7344: 7329: 7323: 7316: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7265:. 2010-03-02. 7264: 7260: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7222: 7218: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7190:on 2011-09-27 7189: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7145: 7140: 7136: 7133:Finkle, Jim. 7129: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7089: 7083: 7069:on 2008-10-05 7068: 7064: 7058: 7043: 7037: 7022: 7016: 7002:on 2007-09-30 7001: 6997: 6993: 6986: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6946: 6939: 6925:. Groklaw.net 6924: 6918: 6904:. Groklaw.net 6903: 6897: 6883:on 2010-09-23 6882: 6878: 6874: 6868: 6854:on 2010-03-01 6853: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6814:. 2013-03-28. 6813: 6809: 6803: 6789:on 2006-11-20 6788: 6784: 6778: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6686:on 2013-06-30 6685: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6660: 6656: 6649: 6647: 6638: 6637:Computerworld 6634: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6608:on 2009-02-13 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6551:on 2005-08-05 6550: 6546: 6542: 6535: 6521: 6520: 6515: 6508: 6501: 6499: 6498:Computerworld 6484: 6480: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6460: 6454: 6440:on 2016-01-04 6439: 6435: 6429: 6415:on 2016-03-03 6414: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6384:on 2016-05-03 6383: 6379: 6373: 6359:on 2016-03-03 6358: 6354: 6348: 6341:. 2000-05-02. 6340: 6339:money.cnn.com 6336: 6330: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6303: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6280: 6273: 6264: 6263:Network World 6260: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6234: 6230: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6190: 6186: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6096: 6095:Network World 6092: 6085: 6083: 6074: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6051: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6032:. p. 14. 6031: 6027: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5988: 5982: 5980: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5953:. 1994-06-23. 5952: 5948: 5942: 5934:. p. D1. 5933: 5929: 5922: 5920: 5912:. p. D1. 5911: 5907: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5885: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5834:. p. 23. 5833: 5832:Network World 5829: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5809: 5808:Network World 5805: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5764: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5737: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5679: 5678:Computerworld 5675: 5668: 5666: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5613: 5612:Network World 5609: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5547: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5487: 5478: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5458: 5457:Network World 5454: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5434: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5414: 5407: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5370: 5362: 5356: 5348: 5341: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5289:Business Wire 5286: 5280: 5278: 5270:. p. 34. 5269: 5268:Computerworld 5265: 5258: 5256: 5248:. 1992-12-22. 5247: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5161: 5146: 5142: 5135: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5058: 5057:Linux Journal 5054: 5048: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5021: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4993: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4978:0-201-63287-X 4974: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4945: 4929: 4925: 4924:Business Wire 4921: 4915: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4868: 4866: 4857: 4856:Computerworld 4853: 4847: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4770: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4668:. p. 39. 4667: 4663: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4641: 4637: 4630: 4628: 4620:. p. D1. 4619: 4615: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4590:. p. D1. 4589: 4585: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4508: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4482:. p. 52. 4481: 4477: 4470: 4468: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4414: 4407:. 2012-11-29. 4406: 4402: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4235: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4187:. p. 13. 4186: 4182: 4175: 4173: 4164: 4163:Network World 4160: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4132: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4041: 4037: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3959: 3955: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3922:Computerworld 3919: 3913: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3799: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3753: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3429: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3371: 3367: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3344: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3268: 3261: 3255: 3247: 3246:Network World 3243: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3094: 3093: 3092:plug-and-play 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2925:File Reporter 2922: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2864:BorderManager 2861: 2860: 2859: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2829:Wasatch Front 2825: 2822: 2821: 2811: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2760:Certification 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2715:Salmon (2004) 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2676:JustOn (1999) 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2594: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2542: 2539: 2537:(OIN) license 2536: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2461: 2451: 2442: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2344: 2343:grandfathered 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2325:, CTO of the 2324: 2319: 2317: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2285: 2275: 2267: 2266:Steve Ballmer 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2232:The SCO Group 2229: 2228: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2179: 2174: 2166: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2083: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2054:Novell exteNd 2050: 2048: 2044: 2043:Massachusetts 2040: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2015: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1887: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862:BorderManager 1858: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1797: 1795: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681:Presentations 1677: 1673: 1672:office suites 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1641: 1633: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1610: 1606: 1604: 1599: 1589: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1397: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 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N. Taylor 9029:Knight–Allen 8989:Clark–Taylor 8894:LDS temples 8687: 8590:Acquisitions 8546:Silk Central 8510:OpenText ALM 8351: 8344: 8235:Eric Schmidt 8195: 8143:Novell Wikis 8138:Novell Blogs 8099:. Retrieved 8089: 8077:. Retrieved 8041:. Retrieved 8014: 8008:. Retrieved 8003: 7994: 7986: 7980:. Retrieved 7975: 7966: 7955:. Retrieved 7951:the original 7941: 7932: 7922: 7914:Deseret News 7913: 7903: 7894: 7871:the original 7861: 7850:. Retrieved 7839: 7830: 7819:. Retrieved 7805: 7794:. Retrieved 7780: 7770: 7763: 7752:. Retrieved 7725: 7685: 7670: 7657: 7636: 7625:. Retrieved 7621: 7615: 7607: 7593: 7582:. Retrieved 7572: 7561:. Retrieved 7557:The Register 7555: 7545: 7534:. Retrieved 7530:the original 7523: 7513: 7502:. Retrieved 7488: 7480:Daily Herald 7479: 7455:. Retrieved 7445: 7434:. Retrieved 7432:. 2010-11-22 7420: 7409:. Retrieved 7405:the original 7398: 7389: 7378:. Retrieved 7376:. 2011-01-14 7364: 7353:. Retrieved 7351:. 2010-12-16 7343: 7332:. 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The case 2219: 2195: 2175: 2171: 2151: 2144: 2137: 2130: 2115: 2111:Linux kernel 2088: 2051: 2035: 2020: 1994: 1974: 1966:Windows 2000 1958: 1942: 1927: 1923: 1892: 1866:proxy server 1859: 1850:Eric Schmidt 1847: 1840: 1832: 1808: 1776: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1733: 1729: 1709: 1669: 1646: 1621: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1595: 1582: 1571: 1547: 1539: 1502:kernel space 1499: 1479:UnixWare 2.0 1468: 1464:UnixWare 2.0 1456:UnixWare 1.1 1453: 1426: 1402: 1386: 1343: 1339:Canopy Group 1328: 1320: 1293: 1265: 1242: 1214: 1205: 1193: 1187:BusinessWeek 1185: 1170:Serius Corp. 1164:, holder of 1147: 1135: 1126: 1104: 1068: 1047: 1032: 1028: 1021: 998: 992: 988: 966: 963: 943: 939: 916: 912:monopolistic 904: 864: 839:Kanwal Rekhi 836: 832: 809: 770: 755: 748: 733: 718: 714:Novell S-Net 699: 667: 652: 643: 610: 606: 596: 590: 583: 565: 548: 529: 525:Geneva Steel 522: 511: 498: 494: 481: 477: 475: 442: 423: 417:division of 400: 377: 325:Novell, Inc. 324: 323: 240:Jack Messman 236:Eric Schmidt 226:Kanwal Rekhi 219:Craig Burton 178:Headquarters 162:Acquired by 66:Company type 40:Novell, Inc. 36: 9682:Utah County 9628:FrontRunner 9379:Timpview HS 9338:Utah Valley 9328:Provo River 9183:Rec. Center 8925:Utah Starzz 8898:City Center 8793:Bean Museum 8772:Attractions 8646:Micro Focus 8506:opentext.ai 8454:Frank Tompa 7263:PR Newswire 6812:SourceForge 5397:PC Magazine 5179:p. 6. 5059:. June 1995 4689:. p. 6 4494:Searls, Doc 4122:PC Magazine 3903:PC Magazine 3692:Desert News 3672:PC Magazine 3464:PC Magazine 2899:CRM systems 2661:Quattro Pro 2563:Micro Focus 2387:SUSE Studio 2331:Eben Moglen 2257:and better 2095:open source 2062:web service 1899:Windows 3.1 1824:NetWare 3.x 1820:NetWare 4.0 1816:CCITT X.500 1705:Lotus Notes 1657:Quattro Pro 1653:WordPerfect 1485:(NLMs) and 1475:NetWare 4.1 1471:microkernel 1411:(USL) from 1349:DR DOS 1225:DR DOS 1178:Quattro Pro 1123:Motivations 1107:gray market 1092:franchising 1061:The annual 1001:coopetition 981:Provo, Utah 935:LAN Manager 871:NetWare 3.0 867:NetWare 386 861:NetWare 386 841:'s company 514:Pete Musser 415:Quattro Pro 411:WordPerfect 396:Utah Valley 275:Novell Vibe 186:Provo, Utah 86:: NOVL 9702:Categories 9450:Television 9425:Newspapers 9395:Healthcare 9343:Y Mountain 9323:Provo Peak 9195:West Co-op 9170:Silver Row 9133:Tabernacle 8656:Attachmate 8576:Visibroker 8497:LoadRunner 8484:Documentum 8364:SUSE Linux 8340:BrainShare 8267:eDirectory 8210:Drew Major 8101:2023-09-15 8079:2023-09-15 8043:2019-04-19 8010:2014-09-25 7982:2014-10-20 7976:Novell Doc 7957:2012-08-08 7867:"Senforce" 7852:2018-09-14 7821:2018-09-14 7796:2018-09-09 7754:2020-02-17 7627:2020-05-02 7584:2017-01-10 7563:2011-05-07 7536:2011-05-07 7504:2011-05-07 7457:2011-04-28 7436:2010-11-23 7411:2011-01-18 7380:2011-01-18 7355:2011-01-03 7334:2010-11-22 7305:2010-11-27 7194:2017-01-10 7184:Datamation 7144:Microsoft. 7119:2008-11-04 7094:2008-11-04 7073:2008-11-04 7048:2009-06-03 7027:2008-11-04 7006:2008-11-04 6996:Vnunet.com 6976:2008-11-04 6951:2008-11-04 6929:2008-11-04 6908:2008-11-04 6887:2012-02-23 6858:2012-02-23 6828:. Novell. 6793:2008-11-04 6768:2008-11-04 6743:2017-01-10 6715:2017-01-10 6690:2013-07-17 6612:2008-11-04 6580:2013-07-17 6555:2017-01-10 6525:2008-11-04 6489:2016-04-03 6444:2013-07-17 6419:2013-07-17 6388:2013-07-17 6363:2013-07-17 5769:2007-07-14 5702:2020-12-31 5697:PCMagazine 5693:"SuperNOS" 5331:2008-10-30 5299:2017-01-13 5224:2008-10-31 5195:2018-08-19 5151:2018-08-19 5125:2018-08-19 5063:2008-09-24 5038:2017-01-17 5011:2018-08-19 4967:. p. 4934:2017-01-24 4902:2017-01-21 4735:2017-01-21 4693:2017-01-10 4281:2020-02-16 3824:"Earnings" 3719:2021-02-07 3491:2024-04-19 3276:2017-01-11 3121:References 2516:Attachmate 2512:SUSE Linux 2510:, and the 2160:Stagnation 2103:Red Carpet 1983:, and the 1936:/share to 1907:Windows 95 1903:Windows NT 1895:networking 1812:eDirectory 1510:user space 1491:Windows NT 1421:Windows NT 1345:Novell DOS 1314:(ISI) for 1302:for their 1139:Bill Gates 1130:Windows NT 1039:stock swap 1017:Token Ring 799:(RIP) and 783:(IPX) and 729:Intel 8086 617:Ray Noorda 572:Drew Major 552:Value Line 490:Orem, Utah 438:SUSE Linux 426:Windows NT 413:, and the 380:Ray Noorda 215:Ray Noorda 210:Drew Major 202:Key people 166:, then by 136:Jack Davis 117:Orem, Utah 9352:Education 9333:Utah Lake 9291:Geography 9272:Qualtrics 9110:Fort Utah 9064:G. 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