Drosera - Knowledge

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As a result of differential cell growth rates, the sundew tentacles are able to achieve movement towards prey and the leaf center through the bending caused by expanding cells. Among some drosera species, a second bending response occurs in which non-local, distant tentacles bend towards prey as well as the bending of the entire leaf blade to maximize contact with prey. While mechanical stimulation is sufficient to achieve a localized tentacle bend response, both mechanical and chemical stimuli are required for the secondary bending response to occur.

1398: 2085: 58: 1801: 2030: 80: 1891: 1298: 1631: 1247: 1116: 1365: 1643: 1191: 1508: 1220:). Small prey, mainly consisting of insects, are attracted by the sweet secretions of the peduncular glands. Upon touching these, the prey become entrapped by sticky mucilage which prevents their progress or escape. Eventually, the prey either succumb to death through exhaustion or through asphyxiation as the mucilage envelops them and clogs their 2283:; however, the environmental requirements of most species are relatively stringent and can be difficult to meet in cultivation. As a result, most species are unavailable commercially. A few of the hardiest varieties, however, have made their way into the mainstream nursery business and can often be found for sale next to 1347:

action potentials that terminate near the base of the tentacle, resulting in rapid movement of the tentacle towards the center of the leaf. This response is more prominent when marginal tentacles further away from the leaf center are stimulated. The tentacle movement response is achieved through auxin-mediated

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More importantly for biomaterials research, however, is the fact that, when dried, the mucin provides a suitable substrate for the attachment of living cells. This has important implications for tissue engineering, especially because of the elastic qualities of the adhesive. Essentially, a coating of

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While the exact physiological mechanism of the sundew's carnivorous response is not yet known, some studies have begun to shed light on how the plant is able to move in response to mechanical and chemical stimulation to envelop and digest prey. Individual tentacles, when mechanically stimulated, fire

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Cultivation requirements vary greatly by species. In general, though, sundews require high environmental moisture content, usually in the form of a constantly moist or wet soil substrate. Most species also require this water to be pure, as nutrients, salts, or minerals in their soil can stunt their

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plants into such habitats is usually difficult or impossible, as the ecological needs of certain populations are closely tied to their geographical location. Increased legal protection of bogs and moors, and a concentrated effort to renaturalize such habitats, are possible ways to combat threats to

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are Australia, with roughly 50% of all known species, and South America and southern Africa, each with more than 20 species. A few species are also found in large parts of Eurasia and North America. These areas, however, can be considered to form the outskirts of the generic range, as the ranges of

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causes protons (H ions) to be pumped out of the plasma membrane into the cell wall, thereby reducing the pH and making the cell wall more acidic. The resulting reduction in pH causes the relaxation of the cell wall protein, expansin, and allows for an increase in cell volume via osmosis and turgor.

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Currently, the largest threat in Europe and North America is loss of wetland habitat. Causes include urban development and the draining of bogs for agricultural uses and peat harvesting. Such threats have led to the extirpation of some species from parts of their former range. Reintroduction of

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mucilage on a surgical implant, such as a replacement hip or an organ transplant, could drastically improve the rate of recovery and decrease the potential for rejection, because living tissue can effectively attach and grow on it. The authors also suggest a wide variety of applications for

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for this purpose, which also serve to allow the plants to survive dry summers. The roots of pygmy sundews are often extremely long in proportion to their size, with a 1-cm (0.4-in) plant extending roots over 15 cm (5.9 in) beneath the soil surface. Some pygmy sundews, such as

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complex: A group of tropical Australian species, they live in constantly warm but sometimes wet conditions. Several of the 14 species that comprise this group have developed special strategies to cope with the alternately drier conditions. Many species, for example, have

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to survive the extremely dry summers of their habitat, re-emerging in the autumn. These so-called tuberous sundews can be further divided into two groups, those that form rosettes and those that form climbing or scrambling stems. Tuberous sundews comprise the subgenus

1863:, which absorbs much of the soil's nutrient supply and also acidifies the soil, making nutrients less available to plant life. This allows sundews, which do not rely on soil-bound nutrients, to flourish where more dominating vegetation would usually outcompete them. 1254:

All species of sundew are able to move their tentacles in response to contact with edible prey. The tentacles are extremely sensitive and will bend toward the center of the leaf to bring the insect into contact with as many stalked glands as possible. According to

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mucin, including wound treatment, regenerative medicine, or enhancing synthetic adhesives. Because this mucilage can stretch to nearly a million times its original size and is readily available for use, it can be an extremely cost-efficient source of biomaterial.

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Many species of sundews are self-fertile; their flowers will often self-pollinate upon closing. Often, numerous seeds are produced. The tiny black seeds germinate in response to moisture and light, while seeds of temperate species also require cold, damp,

1031:, forming prostrate or upright rosettes between 1 and 100 cm (0.39 and 39.37 in) in height, depending on the species. Climbing species form scrambling stems which can reach much longer lengths, up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in the case of 2005:, and the draining of moist areas for agriculture and forestry in rural areas threaten many such habitats. The droughts that have been sweeping Australia in the 21st century pose a threat to many species by drying up previously moist areas. 3696:

The most significant threats placing species at imminent risk of extinction include the continuing clearing of natural habitat for urban and agricultural development and the illegal collection of individuals from the wild for horticultural

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The flowers of sundews, as with nearly all carnivorous plants, are held far above the leaves by a long stem. This physical isolation of the flower from the traps is commonly thought to be an adaptation meant to avoid trapping potential

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are at risk of extinction due to the destruction of natural habitat through urban and agricultural development. They are also threatened by the illegal collection of wild plants for the horticultural trade. An additional risk is

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glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except

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species in a number of areas are considered critical, endangered or vulnerable, while other areas have not been surveyed. At the same time that species are at risk in South Africa, new species continue to be discovered in the

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is known to bend these tentacles in toward prey in tenths of a second. In addition to tentacle movement, some species are able to bend their leaves to various degrees to maximize contact with the prey. Of these,

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Gaddam, Susmila Aparna; Kotakadi, Venkata Subbaiah; Subramanyam, Gunasekhar Kalavakunta; Penchalaneni, Josthna; Challagundla, Varadarajulu Naidu; Dvr, Sai Gopal; Pasupuleti, Visweswara Rao (9 November 2021).

2102: 1390:, whose flowers open one at a time and usually only remain open for a short period. Flowers open in response to light intensity (often opening only in direct sunlight), and the entire inflorescence is also 2388:– key components of biological salts - were identified. These nanoparticles are theorized to increase the viscosity and stickiness of the mucilage, in turn increasing the effectiveness of the trap. 2950:

Karlsson, PS; Pate, JS (1992). "Contrasting effects of supplementary feeding of insects or mineral nutrients on the growth and nitrogen and phosphorous economy of pygmy species of Drosera".

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The genus, though, is very variable in terms of habitat. Individual sundew species have adapted to a wide variety of environments, including atypical habitats, such as rainforests, deserts (

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or when roots come close to the surface of the soil. Older leaves that touch the ground may sprout plantlets. Pygmy sundews reproduce asexually using specialized scale-like leaves called

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Wagner H; et al. (1986). "Immunological investigations of naphthoquinone – containing plant extracts, isolated quinones and other cytostatic compounds in cellular immunosystems".

1678:. Rather, speciation is now thought to have occurred as a result of a subsequent wide dispersal of its range. The origins of the genus are thought to have been in Africa or Australia. 190: 1243:. These enzymes dissolve the insect and free the nutrients contained within it. This nutrient mixture is then absorbed through the leaf surfaces to be used by the rest of the plant. 1207:. The trapping and digestion mechanism usually employs two types of glands: stalked glands that secrete sweet mucilage to attract and ensnare insects and enzymes to digest them, and 2228:

Herbal preparations are primarily made using the roots, flowers, and fruit-like capsules. Since all native sundews species are protected in many parts of Europe and North America,

3711:"Drosera xerophila ( Droseraceae ), a new species from Overberg District, South Africa, and an overview of the rosetted hemicryptophyte sundew species from Western Cape Province" 1533:

A few South African species use their roots for water and food storage. Some species have wiry root systems that remain during frosts if the stem dies. Some species, such as

1445:, have flowers 4 cm (1.6 in) or more in diameter. In general, the flowers are white or pink. Australian species display a wider range of colors, including orange ( 3993:"Sundew plant, a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents, selectively induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through upregulation of p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio" 2344:

has remarkable elastic properties and has made this genus a very attractive subject in biomaterials research. In one recent study, the adhesive mucilages of three species (

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Principia Botanica; Or, A Concise and Easy Introduction to the Sexual Botany of Linnæus, Etc. [The Preface Signed: R. W. D., I.e. Robert W. Darwin, the Elder.]

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at the state level, but this gives little protection to lands under private ownership. Many of the remaining native populations are located on protected land, such as

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Fleischmann, Andreas S.; Rakotoarivelo, Nivo H.; Roccia, Aymeric; Gonella, Paulo M.; Andriamiarisoa, Lala Roger; Razanatsima, Aina; Rakotoarivony, Fortunat (2020).

2047: 1091:, and dense formation of hairs in the crown center. These hairs serve to protect the plants from Australia's intense summer sun. Pygmy sundews form the subgenus 204: 183: 457:) derives its name from small drops of a liquor-like dew, hanging on its fringed leaves, and continuing in the hottest part of the day, exposed to the sun.” 4314:"Multifaceted phytogenic silver nanoparticles by an insectivorous plant Drosera spatulata Labill var. bakoensis and its potential therapeutic applications" 2248: 1989: 2018:

because of the large-scale removal of plants from the wild for exportation; 10 - 200 million plants are harvested for commercial medicinal use annually.

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Sundews generally grow in seasonally moist or more rarely constantly wet habitats with acidic soils and high levels of sunlight. Common habitats include

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in the winter, are examples of such adaptation to habitats; in general, sundews tend to inhabit warm climates, and are only moderately frost-resistant.

3439: 1973: 3020: 2887: 5331: 1792:, the Mediterranean region, and North Africa, as well as the scarcity of species diversity in temperate zones, such as Europe and North America. 962: 1984: 1526:. They are relatively useless for nutrient uptake, and they serve mainly to absorb water and to anchor the plant to the ground; they have long 5370: 2491: 2066: 4730: 2376:, researchers were able to observe networks of nanofibers and nanoparticles of various sizes within the mucilage residues. In addition, 3000:

Hartmeyer, I. & Hartmeyer, S., (2005) Drosera glanduligera: Der Sonnentau mit "Schnapp-Tentakeln", DAS TAUBLATT (GFP) 2005/2: 34-38

2419: 1259:, the contact of the legs of a small gnat with a single tentacle is enough to induce this response. This response to touch is known as 5419: 3232:"The role of electrical and jasmonate signalling in the recognition of captured prey in the carnivorous sundew plant Drosera capensis" 3105:

Williams, S. E.; Pickard, B. G. (1980). "The Role of Action Potentials in the Control of Capture Movements of Drosera and Dionaea".

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exhibits what is probably the most dramatic movement, curling its leaf completely around prey in 30 minutes. Some species, such as

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of the family to date, called this description an "arrant misjudgment of this genus' highly unusual distributional circumstances (

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which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants. In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, “…at the present moment, I care more about

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The College of the Atlantic Guide to the Lakes and Ponds of Mt. Desert: Discovering the Freshwater Gems of Maine's Largest Island

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Although they do not form a single strictly defined growth form, a number of species are often put together in a further group:

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Krausko, Miroslav; Perutka, Zdeněk; Šebela, Marek; Šamajová, Olga; Šamaj, Jozef; Novák, Ondřej; Pavlovič, Andrej (March 2017).

1541:, use their roots for asexual propagation, by sprouting plantlets along their length. Some Australian species form underground 966:

was not included in the study, so its place in this system is unclear. More recent studies have placed this group near section

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Vinkenborg, J; Sampara-Rumantir, N; Uffelie, OF (1969). "The presence of hydroplumbagin glucoside in Drosera rotundifolia L".

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from Australia (including Tasmania) and New Zealand is another temperate species that dies back to a horn-shaped hibernaculum.

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species are protected by law in many European countries, such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Finland,

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Subtropical sundews: These species maintain vegetative growth year-round under uniform or nearly uniform climatic conditions.

1971:, the natural habitats of these plants are undergoing a high degree of pressure from human activities. The African sundews 1599:

to germinate. Seeds of the tuberous species require a hot, dry summer period followed by a cool, moist winter to germinate.

5514: 5349: 2373: 1705:. In addition to the three species and the hybrid native to Europe, North America is also home to four additional species; 1310:

A further type of (mostly strong red and yellow) leaf coloration has recently been discovered in a few Australian species (

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Cross, Adam T.; Krueger, Thilo A.; Gonella, Paulo M.; Robinson, Alastair S.; Fleischmann, Andreas S. (1 December 2020).

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Pygmy sundews: A group of roughly 40 Australian species, they are distinguished by miniature growth, the formation of

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growth or even kill them. Commonly, plants are grown in a soil substrate containing some combination of dead or live

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Williams, Stephen E.; Pickard, Barbara G. (1972). "Receptor potentials and action potentials in Drosera tentacles".

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Newlin, William V. P.; Cline, Kenneth S.; Briggs, Rachel; Namnoum, A. Addison; Ciccotelli, Brett (27 August 2013).

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Those species endemic to a very limited area are often most threatened by the collection of plants from the wild.

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to the right shows the relationship between various subgenera and classes as defined by the analysis of Rivadavia

5375: 5318: 4591: 3499: 1625: 5437: 3529:"Biology, ecology, use, conservation and cultivation of round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.): a review" 1666:

sundews do not typically approach temperate or Arctic areas. Contrary to previous supposition, the evolutionary

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In culture, sundews can often be propagated through leaf, crown, or root cuttings, as well as through seeds.

1729:, a slightly larger plant with a similar range, is also found in areas of the Caribbean. The third species, 1433:). Most of the species have small flowers (<1.5 cm or 0.6 in). A few species, however, such as 3329:

Wang, B.; Qiu, Y.-L. (July 2006). "Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants".

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Because of their carnivorous nature and the beauty of their glistening traps, sundews have become favorite

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is also still produced using a recipe from the 14th century. It is made using fresh leaves from mainly

1410: 1151: 763: 218: 4601:"A taxonomic revision of Drosera section Stolonifera (Droseraceae), from south-west Western Australia" 4152: 1203:

Sundews are characterised by the glandular tentacles, topped with sticky secretions, that cover their

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The curious world of carnivorous plants : a comprehensive guide to their biology and cultivation

4123: 4048: 1757: 1037:. Sundews have been shown to be able to achieve a lifespan of 50 years. The genus is specialized for 790: 736: 197: 79: 4804: 2010: 1964:

plants' survival. As part of the landscape, sundews are often overlooked or not recognized at all.

1931:, and Bulgaria. In Australia, they are listed as "threatened". In South America and the Caribbean, 1821: 1699:. Where the ranges of the two latter species overlap, they sometimes hybridize to form the sterile 1661:

of the sundew genus stretches from Alaska in the north to New Zealand in the south. The centers of

1263:, and is quite rapid in some species. The outer tentacles (recently coined as "snap-tentacles") of 607: 253: 31: 2838: 2743:"Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin's 'most wonderful plants in the world'" 1325:

The leaf morphology of the species within the genus is extremely varied, ranging from the sessile

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Several chemical compounds with potential biological activities are found in sundews, including

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that absorb the resulting nutrient soup (the latter glands are missing in some species, such as

1181:), all are native to highly humid habitats in the dim understories of the Australian rainforest. 5240: 5105: 4997: 4743: 4074: 2415: 1878:), and even highly shaded environments (Queensland sundews). The temperate species, which form 17: 5336: 3879: 3852: 3825: 3381: 3283: 1956:, because species are often specifically adapted to a precise location and set of conditions. 5406: 4930: 4790: 2418:. Some of these corms were also used to dye textiles, while another purple or yellow dye was 1879: 1575: 1312: 1221: 1066: 535: 4472:

Ayuga C; et al. (1985). "Contribución al estudio de flavonoides en D. rotundifolia L".

2656:"On the Origin of Carnivory: Molecular Physiology and Evolution of Plants on an Animal Diet" 5398: 5201: 4600: 4325: 4189: 3906: 3651: 3393: 3338: 3295: 3282:

Adlassnig, Wolfram; Peroutka, Marianne; Lambers, Hans; Lichtscheidl, Irene K. (July 2005).

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Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals : a handbook for practice on a scientific basis

2672: 2655: 8: 5039: 3581:"Conservation status of the carnivorous genus Drosera in South America and the Caribbean" 1979: 1772:)", while admitting sundew species do "occupy a significant part of the Earth's surface ( 1701: 1554: 1465: 1033: 466: 5232: 4329: 4193: 3655: 3397: 3342: 3299: 3059: 2963: 2256:) or from plants collected and imported from Madagascar, Spain, France, Finland and the 5481: 5258: 5253: 4776: 4692: 4418: 4385: 4354: 4288: 4257: 4213: 4025: 3992: 3781: 3773: 3732: 3687: 3600: 3417: 3362: 3311: 3212: 3172: 3139: 3087: 2983: 2693: 2423: 2238: 2200: 1912: 1908: 1737: 1725: 1707: 1683: 1441: 1370: 1290: 1208: 1171: 1120: 263: 74: 66: 3528: 2839:

Rivadavia, Fernando; Kondo, Katsuhiko; Kato, Masahiro & Hasebe, Mitsuyasu (2003).

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uptake through its carnivorous behavior, for example the pygmy sundew is missing the

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Zhang, M.; Lenaghan, S.C.; Xia, L.; Dong, L.; He, W.; Henson, W.R.; Fan, X. (2010).

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Barthlott, Wilhelm; Porembski, Stefan; Seine, Rüdiger; Theisen, Inge (1 June 2004).

2271:). They are mentioned as a folk remedy for treatment of warts, corns, and freckles. 2209:

has been used commonly in cough preparations in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. In

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This phylogenetic study has made the need for a revision of the genus even clearer.

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Temperate sundews: These species form a tight cluster of unfurled leaves called a

1049:, in particular) that plants normally use for the uptake of earth-bound nitrates. 5167: 4703: 4451: 4124:"Drosera rotundifolia L. (roundleaf sundew): a technical conservation assessment" 3114: 2845:(Droseraceae), based on chloroplast rbcL and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA Sequences" 2810: 2329: 2325: 2295: 2199:

of 1965 listed sundew for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as asthma,

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as early as the 12th century, when an Italian doctor from the School of Salerno,

2130: 1689: 1658: 1484: 1423: 1070: 1058: 1020: 1011: 841: 117: 5460: 5362: 4258:"Nanofibers and nanoparticles from the insect capturing adhesive of the Sundew ( 4008: 3664: 3639: 3474: 57: 4937: 4857: 4783: 4337: 2519: 2188: 2176: 1953: 1874: 1800: 1610: 1477: 1473: 1453: 1418: 1339: 1322:). Their function is not known yet, although they may help in attracting prey. 1318: 1303: 1256: 1165: 1084: 386: 140: 104: 4401: 3768: 3751: 3674: 3405: 3350: 3307: 2632: 1859:

of South Africa, and moist streambanks. Many species grow in association with

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Barthlott, Wilhelm; Porembski, Stefan; Seine, Rüdiger; Theisen, Inge (2007).

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of the tuberous sundews native to Australia are considered a delicacy by the

2310: 2284: 2222: 1916: 1890: 1860: 1435: 1414: 1383: 933: 880: 412: 167: 1141:, which maintain a sufficiently humid environment and serve as an increased 5450: 4923: 4849: 4842: 4826: 4427: 4363: 4297: 4278: 4034: 3972:

Schilcher, H.; Elzer, M. (1993). "Drosera (Sundew): A proven antitussive".

3413: 3358: 3265: 3181: 3140:"The Acid Growth Theory of auxin-induced cell elongation is alive and well" 3083: 2979: 2872: 2776: 2689: 2499: 2361: 2180: 1937: 1761: 1712: 1662: 1523: 1397: 1391: 1142: 1024: 987: 4546: 4519: 3851:

Barbour, Michael; Keeler-Wolf, Todd; Schoenherr, Allan A. (17 July 2007).

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Hooker, Henry D. (1917). "Mechanics of Movement in Drosera rotundifolia".

1297: 970:, so it is placed there below. Also of note, the placement of the section 5305: 5137: 4990: 4944: 4871: 3155: 2863: 2840: 2759: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2264: 2232:

are usually prepared using cultivated fast-growing sundews (specifically

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species in the United States are federally protected. Some are listed as

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can bend inwards toward prey in a matter of seconds after contact, while

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Tuberous sundews: These nearly 50 Australian species form an underground

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of this genus is no longer thought to have occurred with the breakup of

1190: 1073:). All of the North American and European species belong to this group. 1005: 5284: 5128: 5025: 4962: 4915: 4901: 4797: 4760: 4217: 4178: 3216: 3067: 2971: 2515: 2495: 2475: 2463: 2184: 2172: 2164: 2015: 1994: 1941: 1785: 1746: 1742: 1667: 1630: 1492: 1379: 1229: 1224:. Death usually occurs within 15 minutes. The plant meanwhile secretes 898: 380: 4619: 4177:

Crowder, A. A.; Pearson, M. C.; Grubb, P. J.; Langlois, P. H. (1990).

3382:"Fungal root endophytes of the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia" 3248: 3231: 1507: 1421:

and have five parts (the exceptions to this rule are the four-petaled

5310: 5227: 5214: 5046: 4894: 4878: 4677: 4386:"Natural Colorants: Historical, Processing and Sustainable Prospects" 4310: 3749: 2494:(7–methyl–hydrojuglone–4–glucoside)), and other constituents such as 2483: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2381: 2357: 2317: 2035: 2002: 1816: 1789: 1765: 1583: 1579: 1527: 1351:. When action potentials reach their target cells, the plant hormone 953: 5099: 4672: 4201: 3991:

Ghate, N. B.; Das, A.; Chaudhuri, D.; Panja, S.; Mandal, N. (2016).

3752:"A new and endemic species of Drosera (Droseraceae) from Madagascar" 3281: 3208: 1770:

arge Verkennung ihrer höchst eigentümlichen Verbreitungsverhältnisse

5445: 5122: 5032: 5011: 5004: 4983: 4908: 4864: 4630:, Natur und Volk, Bd. 78, Heft 1/3, pp. 32–37, Frankfurt, 1948 2479: 2385: 2314: 1720: 1671: 1237: 1225: 1138: 1038: 428: 424: 375: 130: 5219: 5323: 4505: 3579:

de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno; dos Santos Silva, Tania Regina (2001).

2527: 2431: 2377: 2321: 2257: 2229: 1924: 1606: 1578:, which penetrate the plant's tissues, they also host fungi like 1496: 1240: 367: 4384:

Yusuf, Mohd; Shabbir, Mohd; Mohammad, Faqeer (16 January 2017).

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Some proposals on the infrageneric classification of Drosera L.

2218: 2192: 1928: 1856: 1852: 1825: 1811: 1735:, is native to the northern United States and southern Canada. 1488: 1387: 1042: 27:

Genus of carnivorous flowering plants in the family Droseraceae

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Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine

2924: 2607:. Poole, England, UK: Redfern Natural History Productions Ltd. 2591:. Poole, England, UK: Redfern Natural History Productions Ltd. 1993:

is listed as vulnerable. Expanding population centers such as

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Protection of the genus varies between countries. None of the

3640:"Conservation of carnivorous plants in the age of extinction" 2523: 2183:. Sundew tea was recommended by herbalists for dry coughs, 2138: 1998: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1716: 1352: 1211: 1101: 440: 359: 91: 4659:

species, with distribution maps and growing difficulty scale

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Artzneimittle, Tee, und Likör aus fleischfressenden Pflanzen

3850: 3229: 4738: 4595:, Vol. 1–3, English, Nedlands, Western Australia, 1987–1998 4462:

Dwelly, Edward; "Dwelly’s Gaelic Dictionary" (1911) (Dath)

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In South Africa and Australia, two of the three centers of

1781: 1542: 1204: 4568:(English language ed.). Portland, Or.: Timber Press. 3578: 3438:

Diels, Friedrich Ludwig Emil (1906). Engler, Adolf (ed.).

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Ellison, Aaron M.; Gotelli, Nicholas J. (1 January 2009).

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to collect nutrients when they grow in poor soil and form

2927:

Karnivoren Biologie und Kultur fleischfressender Pflanzen

1836: 1832: 1613:. Tuberous sundews can produce offsets from their corms. 1495:(pollen grains) are stuck together with a protein called 432: 4255: 3877: 4642:

A dichotomous key to the genus Drosera L. (Droseraceae)

1394:, moving in response to the sun's position in the sky. 1294:, are unable to bend their leaves in response to prey. 4582:

Correa A., Mireya D.; Silva, Tania Regina Dos Santos:

3990: 1760:, meaning it has worldwide distribution. The botanist 4586:, in: Flora Neotropica, Monograph 96, New York, 2005 4383: 1163:

Queensland sundews: A small group of three species (

4532: 3380:Quilliam, Richard S.; Jones, David L. (June 2010). 1774:

einen beträchtlichen Teil der Erdoberfläche besetzt

3109:. Proceedings in Life Sciences. pp. 470–480. 3018: 2654:Hedrich, Rainer; Fukushima, Kenji (17 June 2021). 403:than the origin of all the species in the world.” 4439: 4437: 4122:Wolf, E.; Gage, E.; Cooper, D.J. (29 June 2006). 3854:Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd Edition 3022:The Savage Garden: Cultivating Carnivorous Plants 2808: 423:"dew, dewdrops" refer to the glistening drops of 5501: 3936:Altmeyers Encyclopedia - Department Phytotherapy 2834: 2832: 2830: 2653: 1015:, a tuberous sundew, beginning its winter growth 393:, engaging in a long series of experiments with 374:lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked 4153:"Drosera rotundifolia L. | Round-leafed Sundew" 3104: 3045: 1776:)". He particularly pointed to the absence of 1745:native to the East Coast of North America, the 4644:, Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, Vol. 25 (1996) 4434: 4121: 4111:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 178, 81. 3971: 3526: 2740: 2137:, described the plant as an herbal remedy for 1985:International Union for Conservation of Nature 1605:occurs naturally in some species that produce 990:, it shows up multiple times in the cladogram 4724: 3379: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2929:. Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Verlag Eugen Ulmer. 2827: 2790:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). 37:"Sundew" redirects here. For other uses, see 3137: 2949: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2789: 2711: 2709: 2707: 1983:are listed as critically endangered by the 4533:Sampara-Rumantir N. (1971). "Rossoliside". 3708: 3702: 3522: 3520: 3138:Rayle, D. L.; Cleland, R. E. (1992-08-01). 415: 4731: 4717: 4131:USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region 3827:Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation 3554:"Drosera prolifera Glossary SPRAT Profile" 3003: 2171:, and "of doubtful efficacy" for treating 389:performed much of the early research into 56: 4417: 4353: 4287: 4277: 4231: 4024: 3965: 3830:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. p. 143. 3767: 3726: 3673: 3663: 3247: 3171: 3025:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. 2913: 2862: 2809:Darwin, the Elder, Robert Waring (1787). 2758: 2704: 2671: 2631: 2602: 2586: 2263:Sundews are historically mentioned as an 1491:grain type is compound, which means four 4490: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4072: 4066: 3956: 3950: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3517: 3433: 3431: 3277: 3275: 3098: 2943: 2596: 2453: 1889: 1799: 1641: 1629: 1522:are often only weakly developed or have 1506: 1396: 1363: 1296: 1245: 1189: 1114: 1004: 5064:International Carnivorous Plant Society 4673:International Carnivorous Plant Society 4471: 4170: 3844: 3823: 3817: 3743: 3572: 3328: 2580: 2274: 2124: 1185: 14: 5502: 4598: 4304: 4106: 3904: 3898: 3871: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3194: 2715: 2647: 2549: 2547: 1885: 1810:) growing in sphagnum moss along with 1681:Europe is home to only three species: 1057:The genus can be divided into several 453:, published in 1787, states “Sun-dew ( 5104: 5103: 5084:List of carnivorous plant periodicals 5074:North American Sarracenia Conservancy 4712: 4377: 4244: 4144: 3984: 3905:Harris, Kerri-Lee (August 25, 2020). 3618: 3546: 3437: 3428: 3272: 3197:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 2673:10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-010429 2589:Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats 5474:4defb239-ff84-477c-99d9-e9ff23fdf126 5386:d9f1a0b3-4e75-4475-a254-010fd8228ff7 4633:Seine, Rüdiger; Barthlott, Wilhelm: 4115: 3558:Species Profile and Threats Database 3322: 2885: 2879: 2802: 2617: 2374:energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 2335: 1359: 4390:Natural Products and Bioprospecting 4073:Hoffmann, David (24 October 2003). 3792: 3709:Fleischmann, Andreas (April 2018). 3492: 3462: 2611: 2544: 24: 5438:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001036-2 4664:A virtually exhaustive listing of 4557: 3961:. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 3857:. University of California Press. 3479:San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants 2217:is used to treat ailments such as 2021: 439:also describes this, derived from 354:, which is commonly known as the 25: 5526: 4648: 4241:. Timber Press: Portland, Oregon. 4150: 3527:Baranyai, B.; Jooste, H. (2016). 3284:"The Roots of Carnivorous Plants" 1894:Leaf of the round-leaved sundew, 1756:This genus is often described as 1487:bearing numerous tiny seeds. The 3804:The National Wildlife Federation 2618:Pain, Stephanie (2 March 2022). 2370:transmission electron microscopy 2101: 2083: 2065: 2046: 2028: 982:is uncertain. Since the section 460: 78: 4592:Carnivorous Plants of Australia 4526: 4499: 4484: 4465: 4456: 4100: 4041: 3959:Materia Medica and Pharmacology 3924: 3644:Global Ecology and Conservation 3373: 3223: 3188: 3131: 3039: 2994: 2221:, coughs, lung infections, and 2057:(Dark-banded Owlet) trapped by 1626:Carnivorous plants of Australia 1619: 1589: 1149:complex comprises the subgenus 1069:in a winter dormancy period (= 431:that resemble drops of morning 4693:Botanical Society of America, 3957:Culbreth, David M. R. (1927). 2783: 2747:Journal of Experimental Botany 2734: 2660:Annual Review of Plant Biology 1788:, the American Pacific Coast, 1715:native to coastal states from 1405:plants with long flower stalks 1194:Leaf and tentacle movement on 1000: 370:. These members of the family 13: 1: 3974:Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2888:"The world's largest Drosera" 2815:. Newark: Allin & Company 2537: 2405: 1524:lost their original functions 1145:surface for morning dew. The 1124:, from the petiolaris complex 4266:Journal of Nanobiotechnology 3824:Lausche, Barbara J. (2011). 3115:10.1007/978-3-642-67720-5_48 3107:Plant Growth Substances 1979 2892:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 2620:"How plants turned predator" 2195:and "bronchial cramps". The 2014:is considered endangered in 1427:and the eight to 12-petaled 1301:Emergences of an Australian 427:at the tip of the glandular 411:The botanical name from the 7: 5515:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 5069:Insectivorous Plant Society 4637:, Taxon 43, 583 - 589, 1994 4009:10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.62 3756:Plant Ecology and Evolution 3665:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01272 2841:"Phylogeny of the sundews, 2287:. These most often include 1653:in a peat bog in New Jersey 1574:have been reported to form 1333:to the bipinnately divided 406: 10: 5531: 5079:List of carnivorous plants 4688:Sundew images from smugmug 4338:10.1038/s41598-021-01281-8 4239:Growing Carnivorous Plants 2850:American Journal of Botany 2798:. Perseus Digital Library. 2566:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2562:Plants of the World Online 1855:of coastal Australia, the 1795: 1634:Distribution of the genus 1623: 464: 446:meaning "dew of the sun". 435:. The English common name 36: 29: 5112: 5056: 4954: 4750: 4402:10.1007/s13659-017-0119-9 3911:Life in a Southern Forest 3769:10.5091/plecevo.2020.1705 3406:10.1007/s00572-009-0288-4 3351:10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6 3308:10.1007/s11104-004-2754-2 2633:10.1146/knowable-030122-1 2340:The mucilage produced by 2055:Phalaenophana pyramusalis 1784:climate zones, countless 1518:The root systems of most 930: 895: 872: 865: 833: 788: 761: 734: 716: 709: 698: 691: 664: 646: 639: 632: 605: 569: 551: 533: 526: 515: 508: 501: 494: 487: 416: 269: 262: 179: 174: 75:Scientific classification 73: 64: 55: 48: 3884:. North Atlantic Books. 3585:Harvard Papers in Botany 3504:NatureServe Explorer 2.0 2716:Darwin, Charles (1875). 2603:McPherson, S.R. (2008). 2587:McPherson, S.R. (2010). 2488:hydroplumbagin glucoside 1822:Mt. Hood National Forest 1780:species from almost all 1502: 1052: 358:, is one of the largest 32:Drosera (disambiguation) 4955:Protocarnivorous genera 4744:protocarnivorous plants 4508:Pharmaceutisch Weekblad 3560:. Australian Government 3019:D'Amato, Peter (1998). 2898:(3): 79. Archived from 2796:A Greek-English Lexicon 2366:atomic force microscopy 2324:, and are watered with 2267:(hence the common name 2119: 2109:Drosophila melanogaster 2038:(crane fly) trapped by 1919:or wildlife preserves. 1603:Vegetative reproduction 1584:symbiotic relationships 471:List of Drosera species 39:Sundew (disambiguation) 4683:The Sundew Grow Guides 4493:Phytochem Soc Eur Symp 4279:10.1186/1477-3155-8-20 4262:) for cell attachment" 4079:. Simon and Schuster. 2420:traditionally prepared 2416:Indigenous Australians 1900: 1828: 1654: 1639: 1576:arbuscular mycorrhizae 1515: 1463:) or metallic violet ( 1406: 1382:. The mostly unforked 1374: 1307: 1251: 1250:Drosera Glandular Hair 1200: 1125: 1016: 960:The monotypic section 316:Chrtek & Slavíková 5407:Paleobiology Database 4678:Carnivorous Plant FAQ 4584:Drosera (Droseraceae) 2722:. London: John Murray 2605:Glistening Carnivores 2454:Chemical constituents 2129:Sundews were used as 1893: 1804:Round-leaved sundew ( 1803: 1764:, author of the only 1645: 1633: 1510: 1417:) flowers are always 1400: 1367: 1300: 1249: 1193: 1118: 1008: 3997:Cell Death Discovery 3156:10.1104/pp.99.4.1271 2886:Mann, Phill (2001). 2864:10.3732/ajb.90.1.123 2719:Insectivorous Plants 2498:, plant acids (e.g. 2356:) were analyzed for 2275:As ornamental plants 2211:traditional medicine 2203:and whooping cough. 2197:French Pharmacopoeia 2135:Matthaeus Platearius 2125:Traditional medicine 1954:environmental change 1897:Drosera rotundifolia 1480:and develops into a 1411:radially symmetrical 1278:D. glanduligera 1272:D. sessilifolia 1217:D. erythrorhiza 1186:Leaves and carnivory 1089:asexual reproduction 396:Drosera rotundifolia 366:, with at least 194 30:For other uses, see 4668:pictures on the web 4599:Lowrie, A. (2005). 4443:Plantarara (2001): 4330:2021NatSR..1121969G 4237:Rice, Barry. 2006. 4194:1990JEcol..78..233C 4157:Plant Encyclopaedia 4107:Wichtl, M. (1994). 3728:10.3372/wi.48.48106 3656:2020GEcoC..2401272C 3398:2010Mycor..20..341Q 3343:2006Mycor..16..299W 3300:2005PlSoi.274..127A 3236:The New Phytologist 3060:1972Plant.103..193W 2964:1992Oecol..92....8K 2254:D. madagascariensis 2145:. Culbreth's 1927 2011:D. madagascariensis 1886:Conservation status 1137:densely covered in 1061:, or growth forms: 1034:D. erythrogyne 467:Taxonomy of Drosera 4751:Carnivorous genera 4702:2010-06-13 at the 4450:2006-06-18 at the 4318:Scientific Reports 4182:Journal of Ecology 3675:20.500.11937/84611 3068:10.1007/bf00386844 2972:10.1007/BF00317256 2760:10.1093/jxb/ern179 2424:Scottish Highlands 2201:chronic bronchitis 2095:Drosera filiformis 2077:Drosera filiformis 2073:Eusarca confusaria 2059:Drosera filiformis 2040:Drosera filiformis 1901: 1851:of Venezuela, the 1829: 1655: 1647:Drosera filiformis 1640: 1560:adventitious roots 1516: 1407: 1375: 1308: 1291:D. filiformis 1252: 1201: 1172:D. schizandra 1126: 1017: 451:Principia Botanica 364:carnivorous plants 67:Drosera tokaiensis 5497: 5496: 5394:Open Tree of Life 5106:Taxon identifiers 5097: 5096: 4620:10.58828/nuy00412 4086:978-1-59477-890-2 4053:Kaiser Permanente 3938:. 29 October 2020 3907:"Rainbow Sundews" 3891:978-1-58394-797-5 3864:978-0-520-24955-4 3837:978-2-8317-1245-1 3500:"Drosera anglica" 3444:Das Pflanzenreich 3249:10.1111/nph.14352 3124:978-3-642-67722-9 3032:978-0-89815-915-8 2624:Knowable Magazine 2354:D. spatulata 2336:Nanobiotechnology 2332:, or rain water. 2281:ornamental plants 2163:as being used as 1969:species diversity 1751:Florida panhandle 1676:continental drift 1360:Flowers and fruit 1266:D. burmannii 1178:D. prolifera 1047:nitrate reductase 1029:herbaceous plants 950: 949: 945: 944: 919: 918: 910: 909: 854: 853: 822: 821: 813: 812: 804: 803: 777: 776: 750: 749: 680: 679: 621: 620: 594: 593: 585: 584: 347: 346: 341: 333: 325: 317: 309: 301: 293: 285: 277: 170: 16:(Redirected from 5522: 5490: 5489: 5477: 5476: 5464: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5441: 5440: 5428: 5427: 5415: 5414: 5402: 5401: 5389: 5388: 5379: 5378: 5366: 5365: 5363:NHMSYS0000458158 5353: 5352: 5340: 5339: 5327: 5326: 5314: 5313: 5301: 5300: 5288: 5287: 5275: 5274: 5262: 5261: 5249: 5248: 5236: 5235: 5223: 5222: 5210: 5209: 5197: 5196: 5184: 5183: 5171: 5170: 5158: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5101: 5100: 4887:Palaeoaldrovanda 4733: 4726: 4719: 4710: 4709: 4626:Olberg, Günter: 4623: 4605: 4579: 4551: 4550: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4469: 4463: 4460: 4454: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4421: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4357: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4291: 4281: 4253: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4128: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4028: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3771: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3730: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3677: 3667: 3635: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3533: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3471: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3294:(1–2): 127–140. 3279: 3270: 3269: 3251: 3242:(4): 1818–1835. 3227: 3221: 3220: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3175: 3150:(4): 1271–1274. 3144:Plant Physiology 3135: 3129: 3128: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3016: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2922: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2866: 2836: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2762: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2713: 2702: 2701: 2675: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2635: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2551: 2364:content. Using 2350:D. capensis 2113:Drosera capensis 2105: 2087: 2075:moth trapped by 2069: 2050: 2032: 1313:D. hartmeyerorum 1285:D. capensis 868: 867: 712: 711: 701: 700: 694: 693: 642: 641: 635: 634: 529: 528: 518: 517: 511: 510: 504: 503: 497: 496: 490: 489: 480: 479: 475: 474: 419: 418: 339: 331: 323: 315: 307: 299: 291: 283: 275: 166: 83: 82: 60: 46: 45: 21: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5485: 5480: 5472: 5467: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5444: 5436: 5431: 5423: 5418: 5410: 5405: 5397: 5392: 5384: 5382: 5374: 5369: 5361: 5356: 5348: 5343: 5335: 5330: 5322: 5317: 5309: 5304: 5296: 5291: 5283: 5278: 5270: 5265: 5257: 5252: 5244: 5239: 5231: 5226: 5218: 5213: 5205: 5200: 5192: 5187: 5179: 5174: 5166: 5161: 5153: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5121: 5108: 5098: 5093: 5052: 4950: 4752: 4746: 4737: 4704:Wayback Machine 4651: 4640:Schlauer, Jan: 4603: 4589:Lowrie, Allen: 4576: 4560: 4558:Further reading 4555: 4554: 4541:(35): 653–664. 4531: 4527: 4504: 4500: 4489: 4485: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4452:Wayback Machine 4442: 4435: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4309: 4305: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4202:10.2307/2261048 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4126: 4120: 4116: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4047: 4046: 4042: 3989: 3985: 3970: 3966: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3932:"Drosera herba" 3930: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3822: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3748: 3744: 3707: 3703: 3636: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3531: 3525: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3473: 3472: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3436: 3429: 3378: 3374: 3327: 3323: 3280: 3273: 3228: 3224: 3209:10.2307/2479748 3193: 3189: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3103: 3099: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3017: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2903: 2884: 2880: 2837: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2807: 2803: 2788: 2784: 2739: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2714: 2705: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2616: 2612: 2601: 2597: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2553: 2552: 2545: 2540: 2456: 2448:D. rotundifolia 2428:D. rotundifolia 2408: 2338: 2330:reverse osmosis 2320:, sand, and/or 2277: 2234:D. rotundifolia 2151:D. rotundifolia 2141:under the name 2131:medicinal herbs 2127: 2122: 2115: 2111:fly trapped by 2106: 2097: 2093:fly trapped by 2088: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2051: 2042: 2033: 2024: 2022:Gallery of prey 1888: 1807:D. rotundifolia 1798: 1696:D. rotundifolia 1628: 1622: 1592: 1571:D. rotundifolia 1512:Drosera anglica 1505: 1430:D. heterophylla 1362: 1331:D. erythrorhiza 1188: 1075:Drosera arcturi 1071:Hemicryptophyte 1055: 1003: 974:in relation to 946: 920: 911: 855: 842:Drosera arcturi 823: 814: 805: 778: 751: 681: 622: 595: 586: 473: 465:Main articles: 463: 409: 165: 77: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5528: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5487:wfo-4000012595 5478: 5465: 5455: 5442: 5429: 5416: 5403: 5390: 5380: 5367: 5354: 5341: 5328: 5315: 5302: 5289: 5276: 5263: 5250: 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253–260. 3571: 3545: 3536:Mires and Peat 3516: 3491: 3461: 3427: 3392:(5): 341–348. 3372: 3337:(5): 299–363. 3321: 3288:Plant and Soil 3271: 3222: 3203:(8): 389–403. 3187: 3130: 3123: 3097: 3054:(3): 193–221. 3038: 3031: 3002: 2993: 2942: 2935: 2912: 2878: 2857:(1): 123–130. 2826: 2801: 2782: 2733: 2703: 2666:(1): 133–153. 2646: 2610: 2595: 2579: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2520:propionic acid 2455: 2452: 2407: 2404: 2346:D. binata 2337: 2334: 2285:Venus flytraps 2276: 2273: 2223:stomach ulcers 2189:whooping cough 2177:whooping cough 2147:Materia Medica 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2107: 2100: 2098: 2089: 2082: 2080: 2071: 2064: 2062: 2052: 2045: 2043: 2034: 2027: 2023: 2020: 1987:(IUCN), while 1980:D. katangensis 1917:national parks 1887: 1884: 1797: 1794: 1638:shown in green 1621: 1618: 1597:stratification 1591: 1588: 1555:D. scorpioides 1504: 1501: 1466:D. microphylla 1384:inflorescences 1361: 1358: 1257:Charles Darwin 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1166:D. adelae 1157: 1156: 1113: 1112: 1098: 1081: 1078: 1054: 1051: 1002: 999: 948: 947: 943: 942: 939: 938: 929: 926: 925: 922: 921: 917: 916: 913: 912: 908: 907: 904: 903: 894: 891: 890: 887: 886: 871: 866: 864: 861: 860: 857: 856: 852: 851: 848: 847: 832: 829: 828: 825: 824: 820: 819: 816: 815: 811: 810: 807: 806: 802: 801: 798: 797: 787: 784: 783: 780: 779: 775: 774: 771: 770: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 748: 747: 744: 743: 733: 730: 729: 726: 725: 715: 710: 708: 704:Subgenus 699: 697: 692: 690: 687: 686: 683: 682: 678: 677: 674: 673: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655: 645: 640: 638: 633: 631: 628: 627: 624: 623: 619: 618: 615: 614: 604: 601: 600: 597: 596: 592: 591: 588: 587: 583: 582: 579: 578: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 550: 547: 546: 543: 542: 532: 527: 525: 521:Subgenus 516: 514: 509: 507: 502: 500: 495: 493: 488: 486: 478: 462: 459: 408: 405: 387:Charles Darwin 345: 344: 343: 342: 334: 326: 318: 310: 302: 294: 286: 278: 267: 266: 260: 259: 258: 257: 250: 243: 236: 229: 222: 215: 208: 201: 194: 187: 177: 176: 172: 171: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 141:Caryophyllales 138: 134: 133: 128: 121: 120: 115: 108: 107: 102: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 71: 70: 62: 61: 53: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5527: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5488: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5090: 5089:Pitcher plant 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4835:Droserapollis 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4769:Archaeamphora 4765: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4697:- the Sundews 4696: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4653: 4652: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4494: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4261: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4240: 4234: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4173: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4103: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4069: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3960: 3953: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3866: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3820: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3721:(1): 93–107. 3720: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440:"Droseraceae" 3434: 3432: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3034: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2938: 2936:9783800141449 2932: 2928: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2902:on 2011-09-29 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2814: 2813: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2737: 2721: 2720: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2599: 2590: 2583: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2535: 2534:(vitamin C). 2533: 2532:ascorbic acid 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2400: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2311:sphagnum moss 2306: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2249:D. ramentacea 2245: 2241: 2240: 2239:D. intermedia 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1990:D. bequaertii 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1957: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1864: 1862: 1861:sphagnum moss 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1738:D. filiformis 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1726:D. capillaris 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1708:D. brevifolia 1704: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1684:D. intermedia 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1566:D. intermedia 1563: 1562:as supports. 1561: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1544: 1540: 1539:D. hamiltonii 1536: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1442:D. cistiflora 1438: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1415:actinomorphic 1412: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1373: 1372: 1371:D. kenneallyi 1366: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1248: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1121:D. derbyensis 1117: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1060: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1013: 1007: 998: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 964: 963:Meristocaulis 959: 955: 952:The unrooted 941: 940: 937: 936: 935: 928: 927: 924: 923: 915: 914: 906: 905: 902: 901: 900: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 883: 882: 881:Drosera regia 877: 870: 869: 863: 862: 859: 858: 850: 849: 846: 844: 843: 838: 831: 830: 827: 826: 818: 817: 809: 808: 800: 799: 796: 795: 794: 786: 785: 782: 781: 773: 772: 769: 768: 767: 759: 758: 755: 754: 746: 745: 742: 741: 740: 732: 731: 728: 727: 724: 723: 722: 714: 713: 707: 703: 702: 696: 695: 689: 688: 685: 684: 676: 675: 672: 671: 670: 662: 661: 658: 657: 654: 653: 652: 644: 643: 637: 636: 630: 629: 626: 625: 617: 616: 613: 612: 611: 603: 602: 599: 598: 590: 589: 581: 580: 577: 576: 575: 567: 566: 563: 562: 559: 558: 557: 549: 548: 545: 544: 541: 540: 539: 531: 530: 524: 520: 519: 513: 512: 506: 505: 499: 498: 492: 491: 485: 482: 481: 477: 476: 472: 468: 461:Phylogenetics 458: 456: 452: 447: 445: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 414: 404: 402: 398: 397: 392: 388: 384: 382: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 352: 338: 335: 330: 327: 322: 319: 314: 311: 306: 303: 298: 295: 290: 287: 282: 279: 274: 271: 270: 268: 265: 261: 256: 255: 251: 249: 248: 244: 242: 241: 237: 235: 234: 230: 228: 227: 226:Meristocaulis 223: 221: 220: 216: 214: 213: 209: 207: 206: 202: 200: 199: 195: 193: 192: 188: 186: 185: 181: 180: 178: 173: 169: 164: 163: 159: 156: 155: 152: 149: 146: 145: 142: 139: 136: 135: 132: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 109: 106: 105:Tracheophytes 103: 100: 97: 96: 93: 90: 87: 86: 81: 76: 72: 69: 68: 63: 59: 54: 51: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 5113: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5019:Paepalanthus 5017: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4961: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4924:Saxonipollis 4922: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4885: 4877: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4850:Drosophyllum 4848: 4843:Droseridites 4841: 4833: 4827:Droserapites 4825: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4805:Darlingtonia 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4694: 4665: 4656: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4611: 4607: 4590: 4583: 4565: 4538: 4535:Pharm Weekbl 4534: 4528: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4492: 4486: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4458: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4367:. Retrieved 4324:(1): 21969. 4321: 4317: 4306: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4238: 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4185: 4181: 4179:"Drosera L." 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4156: 4146: 4134:. Retrieved 4130: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4090:. Retrieved 4075: 4068: 4056:. Retrieved 4052: 4043: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3958: 3952: 3940:. Retrieved 3935: 3926: 3914:. Retrieved 3910: 3900: 3880: 3873: 3853: 3846: 3826: 3819: 3807:. Retrieved 3803: 3794: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3695: 3647: 3643: 3608:. Retrieved 3588: 3584: 3574: 3562:. Retrieved 3557: 3548: 3539: 3535: 3507:. Retrieved 3503: 3494: 3482:. Retrieved 3478: 3452:. Retrieved 3447: 3443: 3389: 3385: 3375: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3291: 3287: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3106: 3100: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3021: 2996: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2926: 2904:. Retrieved 2900:the original 2895: 2891: 2881: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2817:. Retrieved 2811: 2804: 2795: 2785: 2753:(1): 19–42. 2750: 2746: 2736: 2724:. Retrieved 2718: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2637:. Retrieved 2623: 2613: 2604: 2598: 2588: 2582: 2570:. Retrieved 2561: 2556: 2500:butyric acid 2457: 2447: 2443:D. spatulata 2441: 2435: 2427: 2409: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2362:nanoparticle 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2307: 2302:D. spatulata 2300: 2294: 2288: 2278: 2268: 2262: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2233: 2227: 2214: 2206: 2205: 2196: 2181:tuberculosis 2169:expectorants 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2128: 2112: 2108: 2094: 2090: 2076: 2072: 2058: 2054: 2039: 2009: 2007: 1988: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1938:Western Cape 1932: 1920: 1904: 1902: 1895: 1873: 1869:D. burmannii 1867: 1865: 1830: 1815: 1805: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1762:Ludwig Diels 1758:cosmopolitan 1755: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1706: 1702:D. × obovata 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1635: 1620:Distribution 1615: 1601: 1593: 1590:Reproduction 1569: 1565: 1564: 1558:, also form 1553: 1549:D. lasiantha 1547: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1519: 1517: 1511: 1485:seed capsule 1471: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1448:D. callistos 1446: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1408: 1402: 1376: 1369: 1345: 1338: 1330: 1324: 1317: 1311: 1309: 1302: 1289: 1283: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1253: 1215: 1202: 1195: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152:Lasiocephala 1150: 1146: 1143:condensation 1129: 1119: 1106: 1092: 1074: 1067:hibernaculum 1056: 1032: 1019:Sundews are 1018: 1010: 996: 991: 988:polyphyletic 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 961: 957: 951: 932: 931: 897: 896: 879: 875: 873: 840: 836: 834: 792: 789: 766:Lasiocephala 765: 762: 738: 735: 720: 717: 705: 668: 665: 650: 647: 609: 606: 573: 570: 555: 552: 537: 534: 522: 483: 454: 450: 448: 443: 436: 420: 410: 400: 394: 390: 385: 376:mucilaginous 355: 350: 349: 348: 336: 328: 320: 312: 304: 296: 288: 280: 272: 252: 245: 238: 231: 224: 219:Lasiocephala 217: 210: 203: 196: 189: 182: 161: 160: 124: 111: 98: 65: 49: 43: 5306:iNaturalist 5138:Wikispecies 5040:Proboscidea 4991:Drymocallis 4945:Utricularia 4872:Heliamphora 4753:(† extinct) 4740:Carnivorous 4514:(3): 45–9. 3715:Willdenowia 2958:(1): 8–13. 2512:gallic acid 2508:formic acid 2504:citric acid 2496:carotenoids 2492:rossoliside 2437:D. capensis 2430:. A sundew 2290:D. capensis 2265:aphrodisiac 2213:practices, 2160:D. linearis 1974:D. insolita 1947:Worldwide, 1880:hibernacula 1786:rainforests 1732:D. linearis 1711:is a small 1493:microspores 1460:D. zigzagia 1457:), yellow ( 1392:heliotropic 1380:pollinators 1349:acid growth 1261:thigmonasty 1234:phosphatase 1197:D. capensis 1023:(or rarely 1009:A tuber of 1001:Description 793:Coelophylla 739:Lamprolepis 372:Droseraceae 198:Coelophylla 151:Droseraceae 118:Angiosperms 5504:Categories 5026:Passiflora 4963:Aracamunia 4916:Sarracenia 4902:Pinguicula 4798:Cephalotus 4777:Brocchinia 4761:Aldrovanda 4480:: 321–326. 4272:(20): 20. 4151:Vogel, A. 3650:: e01272. 3386:Mycorrhiza 3331:Mycorrhiza 2906:2022-08-17 2593:2 volumes. 2572:13 January 2538:References 2516:malic acid 2476:hyperoside 2464:kaempferol 2460:flavonoids 2406:Other uses 2296:D. aliciae 2244:D. anglica 2185:bronchitis 2173:bronchitis 2165:stimulants 2155:D. anglica 2143:herba sole 2016:Madagascar 1995:Queensland 1942:Madagascar 1913:endangered 1909:threatened 1749:, and the 1747:Gulf Coast 1743:subspecies 1690:D. anglica 1668:speciation 1651:filiformis 1624:See also: 1580:endophytes 1424:D. pygmaea 1368:Flower of 1337:leaves of 1329:leaves of 1230:peroxidase 1147:Petiolaris 1130:Petiolaris 1012:D. zonaria 976:Aldrovanda 899:Aldrovanda 610:Thelocalyx 556:Arachnopus 381:Antarctica 313:Freatulina 281:Dismophyla 254:Thelocalyx 175:Subgenera 5228:FloraBase 5047:Stylidium 4895:Philcoxia 4879:Nepenthes 4655:A key to 4628:Sonnentau 4410:2192-2195 4346:2045-2322 4210:0022-0477 4017:2058-7716 4003:: 15062. 3800:"Sundews" 3786:225539874 3692:225228358 3684:2351-9894 3597:1043-4534 3258:1469-8137 3164:0032-0889 3076:0032-0935 2952:Oecologia 2769:0022-0957 2726:March 14, 2698:231595236 2682:1543-5008 2484:plumbagin 2472:quercetin 2468:myricetin 2382:magnesium 2358:nanofiber 2326:distilled 2318:peat moss 2036:Tipulidae 2003:Cape Town 1875:D. indica 1817:Equisetum 1790:Polynesia 1766:monograph 1663:diversity 1535:D. adelae 1514:with prey 1482:dehiscent 1454:D. adelae 1401:Multiple 1340:D. binata 1319:D. indica 1304:D. indica 1222:spiracles 1139:trichomes 1108:Ergaleium 1094:Bryastrum 1021:perennial 968:Bryastrum 954:cladogram 721:Bryastrum 706:Bryastrum 669:Phycopsis 667:Subgenus 651:Ergaleium 649:Subgenus 574:Prolifera 444:ros solis 429:trichomes 305:Filicirna 247:Stelogyne 233:Phycopsis 212:Ergaleium 191:Bryastrum 88:Kingdom: 5469:VicFlora 5458:VASCAN: 5451:40035808 5446:Tropicos 5189:eFloraSA 5123:Wikidata 5057:See also 5033:Plumbago 5012:Lathraea 5005:Ibicella 4998:Geranium 4984:Dipsacus 4970:Capsella 4931:Triantha 4909:Roridula 4865:Genlisea 4791:Catopsis 4700:Archived 4448:Archived 4428:28093670 4369:17 March 4364:34753977 4298:20718990 4223:15 March 4162:17 March 4136:17 March 4092:17 March 4058:17 March 4049:"Sundew" 4035:27551490 3980:(50): 4. 3942:17 March 3916:15 March 3809:15 March 3778:26927031 3737:90715895 3610:15 March 3605:41761649 3564:15 March 3509:15 March 3484:15 March 3475:"Sundew" 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