729:, Mr. Lean and H.E. Bates discarded most of the individual shadings and psychological subtleties of that romance. They reduced the complicated pondering of an American woman's first go at love with a middle-aged merchant of Venice to pleasingly elemental terms. And they let the evident inspiration for their heroine's emotional release be little more than the spell cast by the city upon her fitful and lonely state of mind. The challenge thus set of making Venice the moving force in propelling the play has been met by Mr. Lean as the director with magnificent feeling and skill. Through the lens of his color camera, the wondrous city of spectacles and moods becomes a rich and exciting organism that fairly takes command of the screen. And the curious hypnotic fascination of that labyrinthine place beside the sea is brilliantly conveyed to the viewer as the impulse for the character's passing moods.
434:. Later, as the couple wander through Venice, Jane drops her gardenia into a canal; despite much effort, Renato is unable to retrieve it for her. As they return to the pensione, Renato kisses Jane, and she responds passionately and murmurs, "I love you", before rushing off to her room. The next day, Jane treats herself to salon treatments and new clothes in anticipation of their date that evening. While she waits for him at the piazza, Renato's "nephew" Vito arrives and inadvertently reveals that he is actually Renato's son. Stunned to discover Renato is married and has several children, Jane takes refuge in a bar where she encounters Phyl, who confides that her marriage to Eddie is in trouble.
449:. Jane, unwilling to remain in a relationship she knows is destined to end unhappily, decides to return home early. Renato begs her to stay, but Jane insists on leaving, arguing that it is better to leave a party before it ends. Although Jane asks Renato not to come to the railway station, she hopes he will ignore her request. Later, on the station platform, Mauro runs up to say goodbye and offers Jane a free trinket as a gift. As the train begins to leave the station, Jane is thrilled to see Renato running down the platform. He tries to hand her a package through the window but the train is moving too quickly. He stops, opens the box and holds up his gift: another gardenia.
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Signora and Eddie is none of her business. He admits that he is married, but claims that he and his wife are separated, which he had concealed because he did not want to scare her away. He accuses her of being immature and unwilling to accept what she can have rather than longing for the unattainable. Jane relents. Their date continues at an open-air courtyard night club, where they dance the night away. Afterwards, with fireworks in the distance, Jane and Renato go to Renato's home where their affair is
643:. Leading lady Katharine Hepburn, concerned about her health, was disinclined to do the stunt herself, but Lean felt it would be obvious if he replaced her with a stunt double. He filled the water with a disinfectant that caused it to foam, which added to Hepburn's reluctance, then required her to film the scene approximately four times until he was satisfied with the results. To protect her skin, Hepburn was covered with
404:
she purchases it after he teaches her the art of bargaining. Hoping to see her again, Renato offers to search for a matching goblet. The next morning, Jane returns to the shop with Mauro, and is disappointed to discover that Renato is not there. Jane is humiliated when she accidentally steps backward into a canal while filming de Rossi's shop. She begs Mauro to take her home to the
Pensione Fiorini.
29:
703:
in 1955. Lean suspected the Indian film censors objected to the film due to its depiction of an
American spinster falling in love with a married Italian man, despite the fact that his character is separated from his wife. In Germany, the film received several cuts, though Lean never divulged exactly
658:
head
Geoffrey Shurlock notified United Artists executives that the film would not be approved because of its depiction of adultery. Of particular concern was the scene in which Jane and Renato consummate their relationship. 18 feet (5.5 m) of film were deleted, and the PCA granted its approval.
412:
where they purchased a set of new red goblets similar to the one Jane bought. Renato realizes that Jane now thinks he has swindled her, but he assures her that the same designs have been used for centuries in Venice and he insists that her goblet is a genuine antique. Jane's anger subsides, and the
403:
The following day, Jane goes shopping and sees a red glass goblet in the window of an antiques store. Upon entering the shop, she discovers that the owner, Renato de Rossi, is the man from whom she had fled the night before. He assures her that the goblet is an authentic 18th-century artifact, and
750:
wrote that the film "stacks up as promising entertainment - with some reservations. There is a lack of cohesion and some abruptness in plot transition without a too-clear buildup. Lesser characterizations, too, are on the sketchy side. ... Rossano Brazzi ... scores a triumph of charm and reserve.
437:
Upon returning to the pensione, Jane discovers that Eddie is having an affair with
Signora Fiorini, with Mauro acting as go-between. She is appalled, saying "Something happens to this city at night." Renato arrives and tells her that in Italy things are different, and the relationship between the
614:
Principal photography took place on location in Venice in the summer of 1954 on a budget of $ 1.1 million. It was one of the first
British-produced films to be shot entirely on location. Interior sequences set in the Pensione Fiorini were filmed in studio, though the scenes occurring on the
407:
That evening, de Rossi comes to her pensione and confesses his attraction for her. When Jane resists his advances, he warns her not to waste an opportunity for happiness. She seems on the verge of agreeing to have dinner with him when the McIlhennys return from a shopping trip to
762:
rated the film four out of five stars and commented, "Hepburn made a career out of playing vibrant heroines with a vulnerable side and it's her portrayal of Jane's insecurity and loneliness that give the film its substance. ...
953:
as his favourite, and became so enamoured of Venice during filming that he made it his second home. Commenting on the film, Lean said: "I've put more of myself in that film than any other I've ever made."
618:
Italian government officials initially resisted director David Lean's request to allow his crew to film on location during the summer months, the height of the tourist season, especially when local
571:
instead, and
Laurents would be adapting his play for the screen. Laurents' screenplay was allegedly unsatisfactory, and newly hired director David Lean tried to improve it with associate producer
389:. Also staying at the property are Eddie Yaeger, a young American painter, and his wife Phyl. Jane is pestered off and on during her stay by Mauro, a friendly Italian street urchin.
663:, however, objected to a line of dialogue that was finally trimmed, and the organisation bestowed the film with a B-rating, designating the film "morally objectionable in part".
767:
s notions of dating etiquette and holiday romance have dated greatly ... but as a coming-of-age story it remains touching. As a showcase for
Katharine Hepburn, it is superb."
684:
in New York City. By
January 1956, the film had grossed $ 2 million domestically. This was considered a disappointment but the film performed very well internationally.
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to her hotel, she meets two fellow
Americans, Lloyd and Edith McIlhenny. At the hotel, they are greeted by Signora Fiorini, a widow who has converted her home into a
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Numerous names were mentioned in conjunction with the project before filming finally began. At one point producer Lopert considered casting director-actor
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630:. Lean also was required to promise the cardinal that no short dresses or bare arms would be seen in or near the city's holy sites.
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expressed interest in purchasing the film rights, but felt Booth was too old for the role, and envisioned
Katharine Hepburn and
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alone for the first time, during which she falls in love with an Italian antiques dealer. Lean co-wrote the screenplay with
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praised Hepburn's performance in the film, deeming her "probably the greatest actress of the sound era."
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In 1 scene, Jane Hudson falls into a canal as she steps backwards while photographing Di Rossi's shop in
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in the leads. Ilya Lopert ultimately acquired the rights with the intention of casting Booth and hiring
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as Edith McIlhenny (Rose was the only cast member of the Broadway production to appear in the movie)
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Pensione's veranda were shot along Venice's Grand Canal on a terrace constructed on an empty lot.
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The couple attend the moonlit concert in the piazza, where an orchestra plays the overture to
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in the U.S. on June 21, 1955, and premiered in the United Kingdom later that Autumn under the
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1264:(Note: Toggle between "History", "Details", and "Credits" tabs for full scope of source)
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promise of Rossini in the Piazza San Marco convinces her to accept his invitation.
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321:. It follows a lonely middle-aged American secretary and her experiences touring
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Jane Hudson is an unmarried, middle-aged, self-described "fancy secretary" from
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made a generous donation to the fund established to finance the restoration of
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edition was eventually issued by Criterion on July 12, 2022, featuring a new
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The film was released in the United Kingdom in November 1955 under the title
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1370:"Screen: Venice Stars in 'Summertime'; Film From 'Time of the Cuckoo' Opens"
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1603:"Review: David Lean's Technicolor Romance Summertime on Criterion Blu-ray"
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1087:"What's in a Name? Eastmancolor, Eastman Colour and Colour Brand Identity"
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350:. A co-production between the United States, United Kingdom, and Italy,
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Following its premiere at Venice's Palace Theatre on May 29, 1955,
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who has saved all her life to finally make her dream trip come true
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377:, on her summer vacation, enjoying her lifelong dream of a trip to
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revealed that Ashby had wanted her to play the role of Hepburn.
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approaches them, Renato is surprised when Jane chooses a simple
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Hepburn turns in a feverish acting chore of proud loneliness."
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to direct. It was later reported that she was negotiating with
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after having saved money for it over several years. On the
1578:"More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About 'City of Angels'"
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1337:. November 14, 1955. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
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551:, who starred in the 1952 Broadway production and won the
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The Eastmancolor Revolution and British Cinema, 1955-85
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In adapting for the screen Arthur Laurents' stage play
1162:
583:, but without success. He finally brought in novelist
1684:. Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press.
1450:"The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners"
1663:
A Remarkable Woman: A Biography of Katharine Hepburn
342:The film was shot on location in Venice in 1954 on
1277:"Hepburn's Movie Premiere Held in Venetian Palace"
392:On her first evening in Venice, Jane walks to the
1682:Beyond the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean
1625:"Interview with Star Rosanna Arquette" (2017). .
737:as a film that "oscillates between an old-school
1945:
1788:
1665:. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc.
1557:"Laserdisc quickens beat in the heart of video"
606:supposedly considered starring in the project.
520:as Englishman in train compartment (uncredited)
598:expressed interest in directing the film with
1774:
1409:
635:
1554:
704:what was excised from the original version.
346:negative film with processing and prints by
1555:Christiansen, Richard (December 27, 1991).
651:that plagued her for the rest of her life.
1923:Lost and Found: The Story of Cook's Anchor
1781:
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1529:"1955 New York Film Critics Circle Awards"
27:
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445:The couple spend several idyllic days on
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1285:. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
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1120:"Summertime (1955) - Overview - TCM.com"
1002:. Also adapted from Laurents' 1952 play
894:
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812:
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1565:. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
1261:from the original on December 25, 2021.
1228:
1192:
283:$ 4-5 million (global gross) (estimate)
1946:
1274:
1239:
1237:
758:In the 21st-century, Laura Bushell of
1762:
1576:Lechner, Ernesto (October 15, 1998).
1472:
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1058:. New York: Arno Press. p. 295.
1029:
1027:
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733:Film scholar Gene Phillips describes
707:
553:Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play
526:as porter at the station (uncredited)
1994:Films scored by Alessandro Cicognini
1600:
1615:from the original on July 15, 2022.
1590:from the original on July 17, 2022.
1289:
1234:
880:New York Film Critics Circle Awards
661:National Catholic Legion of Decency
13:
1105:
1022:
957:Right before his death, filmmaker
680:premiered on June 21, 1955 at the
14:
2045:
1699:
1297:"The Top Box-Office Hits of 1955"
990:(1965), a musical with a book by
941:from the original film elements.
1305:. January 25, 1956. p. 15.
1146:. January 11, 1956. p. 15.
961:had pondered remaking the film.
654:Upon seeing the completed film,
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949:In later years, Lean described
863:National Board of Review Awards
1275:Hughes, Alice (June 8, 1956).
1130:
1079:
1045:
1041:. 11 January 1956. p. 15.
1010:List of American films of 1955
656:Production Code Administration
555:for her performance. Producer
536:
1:
1969:American romantic drama films
1964:American films based on plays
1015:
913:
694:
671:
531:
354:was released theatrically by
2009:1950s English-language films
1989:Films directed by David Lean
1979:British romantic drama films
1974:British films based on plays
1891:The Bridge on the River Kwai
1601:Cole, Jake (July 13, 2022).
1534:New York Film Critics Circle
1474:"BAFTA Awards: Film in 1956"
1378:. p. 25. Archived from
1250:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
874:
770:
541:Arthur Laurents had written
7:
1052:Limbacher, James L (1978).
979:
833:British Academy Film Awards
514:Virginia Simion as Giovanna
10:
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218:November 7, 1955
1959:1955 romantic drama films
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1035:"Inside Stuff - Pictures"
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587:to collaborate with him.
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33:Theatrical release poster
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2034:Universal Pictures films
2024:Film censorship in India
1507:National Board of Review
1282:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1055:Four Aspects of the Film
919:The Criterion Collection
505:Gaetano Autiero as Mauro
1984:Films about vacationing
1680:Phillips, Gene (2006).
1255:American Film Institute
1138:"Inside Stuff–Pictures"
929:in 1991, followed by a
462:as Jane Hudson, lonely
452:
368:
207:June 21, 1955
16:1955 film by David Lean
1851:The Passionate Friends
1661:Edwards, Anne (1985).
1004:The Time of the Cuckoo
731:
727:The Time of the Cuckoo
636:
544:The Time of the Cuckoo
332:The Time of the Cuckoo
192:May 29, 1955
66:The Time of the Cuckoo
1427:on November 14, 2012.
1124:Turner Classic Movies
723:
226: (United Kingdom)
2014:1950s American films
2004:Films shot in Venice
1754:Criterion Collection
1644:Academy Film Archive
1640:"Preserved Projects"
1502:"1955 Award Winners"
1207:, pp. 209–2010.
970:Academy Film Archive
577:Donald Ogden Stewart
329:, based on the play
215: (New York City)
152:Alessandro Cicognini
2019:1950s British films
1999:Films set in Venice
1926:(1979; documentary)
1231:, pp. 291–292.
1195:, pp. 290–291.
1183:, pp. 205–206.
933:edition in 1998. A
604:Olivia de Havilland
1931:A Passage to India
1899:Lawrence of Arabia
1835:Great Expectations
1789:Films directed by
1734:TCM Movie Database
1375:The New York Times
987:Do I Hear a Waltz?
904:Katharine Hepburn
854:Katharine Hepburn
718:The New York Times
708:Critical reception
628:St Mark's Basilica
596:Roberto Rossellini
502:as Lloyd McIlhenny
478:as Signora Fiorini
472:as Renato de Rossi
1941:
1940:
1867:The Sound Barrier
1803:In Which We Serve
1691:978-0-813-17155-5
1672:978-0-688-04528-9
1583:Los Angeles Times
1382:on July 13, 2018.
1368:(June 22, 1955).
911:
910:
823:Katharine Hepburn
638:Campo San Barnaba
547:specifically for
460:Katharine Hepburn
360:alternative title
307:Katharine Hepburn
301:film directed by
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104:Katharine Hepburn
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1438:Channel 4 review
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1423:. Archived from
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1366:Crowther, Bosley
1362:
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1329:"London Cinemas"
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1000:Stephen Sondheim
998:, and lyrics by
963:Rosanna Arquette
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592:Vittorio De Sica
511:as Vito de Rossi
394:Piazza San Marco
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1875:Hobson's Choice
1827:Brief Encounter
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996:Richard Rodgers
992:Arthur Laurents
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744:A reviewer for
713:Bosley Crowther
710:
701:banned in India
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500:MacDonald Parke
484:as Eddie Yaeger
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337:Arthur Laurents
305:, and starring
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72:Arthur Laurents
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2029:Censored films
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1608:Slant Magazine
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1413:Staff (1955).
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689:Summer Madness
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649:conjunctivitis
624:United Artists
611:
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600:Ingrid Bergman
573:Norman Spencer
565:Anatole Litvak
538:
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524:Gino Cavalieri
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509:Jeremy Spenser
506:
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490:as Phyl Yaeger
485:
482:Darren McGavin
479:
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470:Rossano Brazzi
467:
456:
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430:instead of an
419:La gazza ladra
370:
367:
363:Summer Madness
356:United Artists
315:Darren McGavin
311:Rossano Brazzi
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114:Darren McGavin
111:
109:Rossano Brazzi
106:
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88:Norman Spencer
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2046:
2035:
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2027:
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2017:
2015:
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868:Top Ten Films
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834:
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549:Shirley Booth
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275:$ 1.1 million
274:
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185:Release dates
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136:
133:
132:Jack Hildyard
130:
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49:Screenplay by
47:
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25:
20:
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1843:Oliver Twist
1841:
1833:
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1809:
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1706:
1681:
1662:
1643:
1634:
1621:
1606:
1596:
1581:
1571:
1560:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1532:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1505:
1496:
1486:16 September
1484:. Retrieved
1477:
1468:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:
1444:
1433:
1425:the original
1418:
1415:"Summertime"
1410:
1405:
1380:the original
1373:
1360:
1334:The Guardian
1332:
1323:
1313:– via
1300:
1291:
1280:
1270:
1248:
1245:"Summertime"
1229:Edwards 1985
1224:
1212:
1200:
1193:Edwards 1985
1188:
1176:
1164:
1154:– via
1141:
1132:
1123:
1095:. Retrieved
1093:. 5 May 2017
1090:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1054:
1047:
1038:
1003:
985:
973:
967:
956:
950:
948:
922:
917:
900:Best Actress
850:Best Actress
818:Best Actress
764:
757:
753:Pauline Kael
745:
743:
734:
732:
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724:
716:
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688:
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653:
634:
632:
617:
613:
589:
581:S.N. Behrman
575:and writers
542:
540:
518:André Morell
444:
436:
417:
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402:
391:
372:
362:
351:
344:Eastmancolor
341:
330:
299:comedy drama
290:
289:
288:
235:Running time
167:London Films
142:Peter Taylor
64:
1750:David Denby
1627:Kino Lorber
994:, music by
889:David Lean
784:Nominee(s)
765:Summertime'
594:as Renato.
569:Daniel Mann
537:Development
476:Isa Miranda
440:consummated
375:Akron, Ohio
348:Technicolor
327:H. E. Bates
319:Isa Miranda
239:100 minutes
119:Isa Miranda
83:Ilya Lopert
78:Produced by
55:H. E. Bates
39:Directed by
1954:1955 films
1948:Categories
1883:Summertime
1791:David Lean
1745:Summertime
1729:Summertime
1718:Summertime
1707:Summertime
1459:2011-08-20
1454:oscars.org
1097:18 January
1071:18 January
1065:0405111258
1016:References
974:Summertime
972:preserved
951:Summertime
923:Summertime
914:Home media
907:Nominated
872:5th Place
857:Nominated
842:Nominated
827:Nominated
810:Nominated
806:David Lean
735:Summertime
721:observed:
695:Censorship
678:Summertime
672:Box office
620:gondolieri
585:H.E. Bates
561:Ezio Pinza
557:Hal Wallis
532:Production
488:Mari Aldon
352:Summertime
303:David Lean
294:is a 1955
291:Summertime
280:Box office
222:1955-11-07
211:1955-06-21
196:1955-05-29
159:Production
52:David Lean
43:David Lean
22:Summertime
1859:Madeleine
1311:0042-2738
1152:0042-2738
976:in 2008.
959:Hal Ashby
927:LaserDisc
921:released
838:Best Film
781:Category
771:Accolades
760:Channel 4
494:Jane Rose
422:. When a
383:vaporetto
244:Countries
138:Edited by
1723:AllMovie
1613:Archived
1588:Archived
1259:Archived
980:See also
645:Vaseline
464:spinster
428:gardenia
387:pensione
296:romantic
264:Language
148:Music by
97:Starring
61:Based on
1752:at the
1732:at the
1655:Sources
1540:July 5,
1513:July 5,
1420:Variety
1411:Variety
1302:Variety
1143:Variety
1039:Variety
935:Blu-ray
787:Result
747:Variety
667:Release
610:Filming
267:English
220: (
209: (
194: (
161:company
1934:(1984)
1918:(1970)
1910:(1965)
1902:(1962)
1894:(1957)
1886:(1955)
1878:(1954)
1870:(1952)
1862:(1950)
1854:(1949)
1846:(1948)
1838:(1946)
1830:(1945)
1822:(1945)
1814:(1944)
1806:(1942)
1688:
1669:
1482:. 1956
1309:
1150:
1062:
945:Legacy
778:Award
447:Burano
432:orchid
410:Murano
379:Venice
323:Venice
317:, and
272:Budget
202:Venice
200: (
1479:BAFTA
790:Ref.
739:farce
398:caffe
256:Italy
1712:IMDb
1686:ISBN
1667:ISBN
1542:2021
1515:2021
1488:2016
1307:ISSN
1148:ISSN
1099:2024
1073:2024
1060:ISBN
968:The
892:Won
659:The
579:and
453:Cast
369:Plot
1721:at
1710:at
931:DVD
925:on
715:of
335:by
70:by
1950::
1642:.
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1452:.
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1126:.
1101:.
1075:.
1006:.
224:)
213:)
204:)
198:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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