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wherein the plaintiff's evidence was lacking. Defendant Tice on the other hand stated in his opening brief that "we have decided not to argue the insufficiency of negligence on the part of defendant Tice." The court noted that Tice neither conceded the point nor argued it in his petition for a hearing before the court and the court therefore did not address that issue further. Accordingly, in their view, neither was liable, and they could not be held jointly and severally liable (i.e., each defendant was liable for the full amount of damages).
280:, because both defendants had been negligent, the court then decided that justice required that the burden of proving which of the defendants had caused either or both of plaintiff's injuries be shifted to the defendants, so that either could absolve himself of liability if possible. This is because it would have been impossible for the plaintiff to show which of the two negligent actors had caused his harm.
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Plaintiff sued both defendants for personal injuries. At trial it was established that each of two pellets had caused the injuries to plaintiff's lip and eye, respectively, and both might have been discharged from a single weapon (defendant) or each defendant may have contributed one of the injuring
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On appeal the defendants argued that they were not joint tortfeasors because they were not acting in concert. On the subject of negligence, defendant
Simonson contended that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the finding on that score. The court ruled that Simonson did not however point out
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among the three men, with plaintiff front and center. The view of both defendants with respect to
Summers was unobstructed, and both defendants knew his location, 75 yards from each of them. A quail flew to a 10-foot elevation above the plaintiff's head (approximately four feet higher than the
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The court affirmed the lower court ruling that each defendant's behavior fell below the standard of care (i.e., they were both negligent) and that the plaintiff's conduct did not contribute to his injury. Laying out the groundbreaking doctrine of
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plaintiff discussed the hunting procedure with defendants, indicating that they were to exercise care when shooting and to "keep in line." Plaintiff advanced ahead of the defendants up a
263:(i.e., that when they discharged their weapons they did not do so with ordinary prudence), and that the plaintiff was not contributorily negligent. The defendants appealed.
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California and persuasive authority in other jurisdictions in the area of product liability.
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November 20, 1945. Each of the defendants was armed with a
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Redbox
Automated Retail LLC v. Universal City Studios LLLP
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plaintiff's head), both defendants shot at the quail, and
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Indiana Harbor Belt
Railroad Co. v. American Cyanamid Co.
259:
pellets. The trial court found that the defendants were
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caused his harm. The case established the doctrine of
1348:
State Farm Mutual
Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell
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cannot identify with specificity which among multiple
1094:
Spur
Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Development Co.
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decision relating to the issue of liability where a
800:
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
266:
182:and has had its greatest influence in the area of
284:has had enormous precedential impact within the
1365:
925:Seong Sil Kim v. New York City Transit Authority
872:Farwell v. Boston & Worcester Railroad Corp.
592:Sioux City & Pacific Railroad Co. v. Stout
414:
1207:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson
793:Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital
517:intentional infliction of emotional distress
333:, 33 Cal. 2d 80, 82-83, 199 P.2d 1, 2 (1948)
51:Charles A. Summers v. Howard W. Tice, et al.
1300:American Motorcycle Ass'n v. Superior Court
1145:Alwin v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co.
647:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
321:, 33 Cal. 2d 80, 82, 199 P.2d 1, 1-2 (1948)
1019:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
428:
421:
407:
564:CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.
585:United Zinc & Chemical Co. v. Britt
1366:
1063:Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals
1008:Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.
779:Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Botsford
402:
1374:Supreme Court of California case law
745:Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
341:
339:
1056:Miller v. National Broadcasting Co.
731:Jablonski by Pahls v. United States
479:Picard v. Barry Pontiac-Buick, Inc.
13:
1320:BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore
355:
14:
1415:
1327:Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants
1214:Geier v. American Honda Motor Co.
381:
366:by Donald G. Gifford. Ann Arbor,
336:
1186:Friend v. Childs Dining Hall Co.
918:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
26:
932:United States v. Johnson (1987)
752:Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court
267:California Supreme Court ruling
1394:1947 in United States case law
1384:1948 in United States case law
1179:Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories
879:Vance v. Ball State University
324:
312:
247:struck plaintiff in his right
1:
1259:Walt Disney World Co. v. Wood
1112:Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co.
394:Link to a summary of the case
348:, 33 Cal. 2d, 199 P.2d (1948)
305:
193:
1399:Hunting in the United States
686:United States defamation law
368:University of Michigan Press
82:jointly and severally liable
7:
1379:United States tort case law
1250:Joint and several liability
953:Yount v. City of Sacramento
533:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
291:
34:Supreme Court of California
10:
1420:
1001:Ultramares Corp. v. Touche
738:Kerans v. Porter Paint Co.
230:size shot. Prior to going
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1268:
1248:
1241:
1221:Chysky v. Drake Bros. Co.
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1134:
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1103:
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904:Boub v. Township of Wayne
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865:Albro v. Agawam Canal Co.
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542:
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486:Sheridan v. United States
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388:Link to full text of case
251:and another in his upper
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42:Decided November 17, 1948
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25:
20:
1341:Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg
162:California Supreme Court
158:33 Cal.2d 80, 199 P.2d 1
1136:Ultrahazardous activity
838:Hitaffer v. Argonne Co.
1270:Comparative negligence
1042:Archibald v. Braverman
430:United States tort law
658:Tortious interference
578:Intel Corp. v. Hamidi
278:alternative liability
180:alternative liability
160:(1948), is a seminal
1279:Li v. Yellow Cab Co.
1172:Thomas v. Winchester
557:Rowland v. Christian
548:Trespass to chattels
960:Pearson v. Callahan
763:Medical malpractice
299:Missouri v. Holland
1389:1947 in California
1193:Loop v. Litchfield
994:Ybarra v. Spangard
889:Public Authority,
831:Cahoon v. Cummings
822:Loss of consortium
632:, Publicity rights
612:Haslem v. Lockwood
571:Dougherty v. Stepp
142:Carter, joined by
112:Douglas L. Edmonds
104:Associate Justices
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1237:
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1163:Product liability
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1120:
1072:
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1049:Thing v. La Chusa
895:Negligence per se
856:Common employment
807:Scott v. Bradford
772:Landeros v. Flood
724:Trimarco v. Klein
693:
692:
472:Vosburg v. Putney
458:Garratt v. Dailey
437:Intentional Torts
376:978-0-472-11714-7
184:product liability
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84:to the plaintiff.
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1334:Pearson v. Chung
1311:Punitive damages
1293:Hoffman v. Jones
1286:Knight v. Jewett
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1132:
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1127:Strict liability
1083:
1082:
1028:Krouse v. Graham
939:Martin v. Herzog
911:Briscoe v. LaHue
845:Werling v. Sandy
786:Mohr v. Williams
717:Brown v. Kendall
704:
703:
619:Popov v. Hayashi
544:Trespass to land
526:Snyder v. Phelps
506:Hartman v. Moore
497:Abuse of process
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128:Homer R. Spence
116:Jesse W. Carter
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62:33 Cal.2d 80
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32:
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57:Citation(s)
1368:Categories
699:Negligence
678:Defamation
603:Conversion
306:References
194:Background
176:defendants
66:199 P.2d 1
978:Causation
261:negligent
245:bird shot
172:plaintiff
144:unanimous
1078:Nuisance
370:, 2010.
292:See also
240:triangle
211:12 gauge
188:American
139:Majority
1404:Fowling
1242:Damages
1104:Private
630:Privacy
449:Battery
445:Assault
232:hunting
225:⁄
214:shotgun
200:Summers
71:Holding
1086:Public
546:&
447:&
374:
218:shells
286:state
204:quail
684:See
372:ISBN
236:hill
207:hunt
165:tort
253:lip
249:eye
198:In
186:in
168:law
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338:^
255:.
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126:,
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422:e
415:t
408:v
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223:1
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