65:
29:
431:
Clinically, vitamin E deficiency causes a sensory peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and skeletal and cardiac myopathy. Neuropathological examination in such cases reveals loss of dorsal ganglionic neurons with degeneration of their peripheral and central axons (peripheral
133:
in the dorsal and lateral columns. Patients present with weakness of the legs, arms, and trunk, and tingling and numbness that progressively worsens. Vision changes and change of mental state may also be present. Bilateral spastic
175:
must be treated first. However, the basis for this has been challenged, although due to ethical considerations it is no longer able to be tested if "neuropathy is made more severe as a result of giving folic acid to vitamin
432:
neuropathy and posterior column degeneration respectively). Neuroaxonal swellings are seen in the gracile and cuneate nuclei. Similar changes can be produced in rats and monkeys with experimental vitamin E deprivation.
231:
secreted from gastric parietal cells, or low gastric pH inhibiting attachment of intrinsic factor to ileal receptors. The disease can also be caused by inhalation of nitrous oxide, which inactivates vitamin B12.
809:
790:
717:
Deficiency of the lipid-soluble vitamin E occurs in cases of intestinal malabsorption such as cystic fibrosis, congenital biliary atresia, intestinal resection, and abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig
1792:
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MRI-T2 images may reveal increased signal within the white matter of the spinal cord, predominantly in the posterior columns and possibly in the spinothalamic tracts.
1341:
36:
Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. (In subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, the "combined" refers to the fact that the
1537:
902:
1532:
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1334:
444:
Kumar N, Gross JB, Ahlskog JE (July 2004). "Copper deficiency myelopathy produces a clinical picture like subacute combined degeneration".
149:
leads to irreversible nervous system damage. HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy can present with a similar pattern of dorsal column and
323:
2160:
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L. Lichtheim. Zur
Kenntnis der perniciösen Anämie. Verhandlungen des Deutschen Kongress für innere Medizin, 1889, 6: 84-96. 42: 1887.
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The onset is gradual and uniform. The pathological findings of subacute combined degeneration consist of patchy losses of
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489:"Subacute combined degeneration: clinical, electrophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging findings"
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324:"Subacute combined degeneration of the cord (funicular myelosis) | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org"
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anesthesia can precipitate subacute combined degeneration in people with subclinical vitamin B
180:- deficient individuals". And that if this were the case, then the mechanism remains unclear.
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661:"Nitrous oxide-induced subacute combined degeneration of the cord: diagnosis and treatment"
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deficiency, while chronic nitrous oxide exposure can cause it even in persons with normal B
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In general, the most common cause of this condition is a deficiency of vitamin B
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may develop and pressure, vibration, and touch sense are diminished. A positive
2404:
2399:
1988:
1937:
1765:
1474:
1351:
1235:
844:
732:"The disappearance of cobalamin absorption testing: a critical diagnostic loss"
587:"Safe use of high intakes of folic acid: research challenges and paths forward"
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Hemmer B, Glocker FX, Schumacher M, Deuschl G, LĂĽcking CH (December 1998).
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results in partial to full recovery where SACD has been caused by vitamin B
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levels. Posterior column dysfunction decreases vibratory sensation and
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538:"Folate and vitamin B12: friendly or enemy nutrients for the elderly"
58:
89:'s disease, and Putnam-Dana syndrome, refers to degeneration of the
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Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
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376:"Subacute combined degeneration of the cord: Putnam-Dana syndrome"
246:, can cause a similar presentation due to the degeneration of the
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223:. This may be due to a dietary deficiency, malabsorption in the
199:(joint sense). Lateral corticospinal tract dysfunction produces
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It has been thought that if someone is deficient in vitamin B
282:. The Schilling test is no longer available in most areas.
238:, which is associated with malabsorption disorders such as
28:
585:
Boyles AL, Yetley EA, Thayer KA, Coates PM (July 2016).
584:
109:(most common). It may also occur similarly as result of
658:
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772:
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deficiency, depending on the duration and extent of
638:. New York: Thieme Publishers. pp. 1187–1188.
535:
536:Cuskelly GJ, Mooney KM, Young IS (November 2007).
493:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
443:
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2417:Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
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1335:
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75:Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
22:Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
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48:which is selective for the dorsal columns.)
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270:, and a complete blood count, looking for
63:
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659:Paris, Alvar; et al. (2023-02-22).
542:The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
2447:
2131:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
1804:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS
729:
373:
315:
2253:
1323:
884:
142:may be seen. Prolonged deficiency of
124:
1982:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
1371:
636:Handbook of Neurosurgery 7th Edition
321:
13:
2213:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
458:10.1212/01.WNL.0000132644.52613.FA
44:are both affected, in contrast to
14:
2471:
1916:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
1719:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
768:
1936:For more detailed coverage, see
1914:For more detailed coverage, see
1885:For more detailed coverage, see
1851:For more detailed coverage, see
1802:For more detailed coverage, see
910:
117:. It is usually associated with
2427:Anterior spinal artery syndrome
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652:
627:
578:
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1:
2229:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2114:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
1972:Normal pressure hydrocephalus
308:
2375:Tropical spastic paraparesis
2198:Progressive muscular atrophy
288:
253:
42:lateral corticospinal tracts
7:
2460:Neurodegenerative disorders
1708:Primary progressive aphasia
978:Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
706:"Nutritional CNS Disorders"
704:Agamanolis DP (July 2014).
420:"Nutritional CNS Disorders"
418:Agamanolis DP (July 2014).
10:
2476:
2030:Hashimoto's encephalopathy
1736:Posterior cortical atrophy
1557:Striatonigral degeneration
1408:Cavernous sinus thrombosis
730:Carmel R (November 2007).
2432:Foix–Alajouanine syndrome
2350:
2314:
2288:
2136:Spinal muscular atrophies
2104:Primary lateral sclerosis
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2002:
1962:Intracranial hypertension
1952:
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1742:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
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983:Wernicke's encephalopathy
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555:10.1017/S0029665107005873
244:Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome
52:
35:
26:
21:
2203:Progressive bulbar palsy
1994:Intracranial hypotension
1977:Choroid plexus papilloma
1391:Herpesviral encephalitis
736:The Journal of Nutrition
214:
2327:Posterior cord syndrome
2306:Spinal cord compression
1715:Frontotemporal dementia
1401:Encephalitis lethargica
374:Pearce JM (June 2008).
2332:Anterior cord syndrome
2322:Brown-SĂ©quard syndrome
2020:Hepatic encephalopathy
749:10.1093/jn/137.11.2481
673:10.1136/pn-2022-003631
293:Therapy with vitamin B
2363:Demyelinating disease
2342:Cauda equina syndrome
2337:Central cord syndrome
2280:Focal lesions of the
2078:Ataxia–telangiectasia
2035:Static encephalopathy
1758:Mitochondrial disease
1596:Spasmodic torticollis
1506:Basal ganglia disease
1159:Electrolyte imbalance
1027:Pyridoxine deficiency
1001:Riboflavin deficiency
603:10.1093/nutrit/nuw015
505:10.1136/jnnp.65.6.822
276:folic acid deficiency
205:spinocerebellar tract
2025:Toxic encephalopathy
1731:Lewy bodies dementia
1137:Vitamin K deficiency
1131:Vitamin E deficiency
1108:Vitamin D deficiency
1089:Vitamin A deficiency
988:Korsakoff's syndrome
634:Greenburg M (2010).
272:megaloblastic anemia
236:Vitamin E deficiency
111:vitamin E deficiency
2422:Vascular myelopathy
2368:Transverse myelitis
2073:Friedreich's ataxia
1456:Meningoencephalitis
1396:Limbic encephalitis
665:Practical Neurology
207:dysfunction causes
151:corticospinal tract
2109:Pseudobulbar palsy
1847:Status epilepticus
1798:Multiple sclerosis
1635:Myoclonic epilepsy
1498:movement disorders
1444:Acute disseminated
1386:Viral encephalitis
1151:Mineral deficiency
950:Vitamin deficiency
855:External resources
667:: pn–2022–003631.
380:European Neurology
264:methylmalonic acid
183:Administration of
125:Signs and symptoms
83:funicular myelosis
79:myelosis funiculus
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2395:Morvan's syndrome
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1948:
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1887:Template:Headache
1853:Template:Epilepsy
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1748:Vascular dementia
1591:Status dystonicus
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1439:Encephalomyelitis
1317:
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1266:Failure to thrive
1261:Delayed milestone
1145:
1144:
1123:Harrison's groove
1053:Folate deficiency
1040:Biotin deficiency
878:
877:
742:(11): 2481–2484.
645:978-1-60406-326-4
591:Nutrition Reviews
393:10.1159/000131715
303:neurodegeneration
280:macrocytic anemia
274:if there is also
119:pernicious anemia
115:copper deficiency
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16:Medical condition
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2380:Epidural abscess
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2010:Brain herniation
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1656:Essential tremor
1521:Postencephalitic
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2161:Congenital DSMA
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1932:Sleep disorders
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101:as a result of
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1493:Extrapyramidal
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1475:encephalopathy
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777:Classification
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769:External links
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597:(7): 469–474.
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548:(4): 548–558.
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499:(6): 822–827.
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287:
268:Schilling test
259:
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248:dorsal columns
225:terminal ileum
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197:proprioception
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46:tabes dorsalis
38:dorsal columns
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2415:
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2410:Abadie's sign
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Syringobulbia
2388:
2386:
2385:Syringomyelia
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2376:
2373:
2369:
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2209:
2206:
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2068:
2066:
2062:
2059:
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2053:
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2046:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Reye syndrome
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
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1975:
1973:
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1968:
1967:Hydrocephalus
1965:
1964:
1963:
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1957:
1955:
1951:
1939:
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1780:Demyelinating
1777:
1767:
1764:
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1737:
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1668:Restless legs
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1621:
1620:
1619:
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1611:
1607:
1606:Blepharospasm
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
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1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1573:
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1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:Hemiballismus
1560:
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1414:
1413:Brain abscess
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1300:
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1272:
1271:Short stature
1269:
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1199:
1197:
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1187:
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1128:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:Bitot's spots
1092:
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1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1064:
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1054:
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1038:
1037:
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826:
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820:
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811:
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792:
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787:
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381:
377:
370:
361:
355:
354:Who Named It?
351:
350:
344:
329:
325:
318:
314:
306:
304:
286:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
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251:
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237:
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230:
226:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
186:
185:nitrous oxide
181:
174:
166:
157:
155:
154:demyelination
152:
148:
141:
140:Babinski sign
137:
132:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
60:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2416:
2223:
2122:
2095:
2056:Degenerative
1793:Inflammatory
1740:
1673:Stiff-person
1511:Parkinsonism
1484:Degenerative
1381:Encephalitis
1364:Inflammation
1354:, primarily
1118:Osteomalacia
922:malnutrition
912:Malnutrition
862:
838:
827:
808:
789:
739:
735:
725:
716:
711:13 September
709:. Retrieved
699:
664:
654:
635:
629:
594:
590:
580:
545:
541:
531:
496:
492:
482:
452:(1): 33–39.
449:
445:
439:
430:
425:13 September
423:. Retrieved
386:(1): 53–56.
383:
379:
369:
360:
347:
343:
331:. Retrieved
327:
317:
292:
284:
257:
234:
218:
182:
158:
128:
82:
78:
74:
73:
2315:By location
2282:spinal cord
2208:Fazio–Londe
2048:Both/either
1842:Generalised
1701:Early-onset
1696:Alzheimer's
1431:spinal cord
1309:Underweight
1299:Weight loss
940:Catabolysis
930:Kwashiorkor
864:MedlinePlus
328:Radiopaedia
322:Tsoriev A.
203:and dorsal
99:spinal cord
2449:Categories
2296:Myelopathy
1816:paroxysmal
1788:Autoimmune
1581:Dyskinesia
1451:Meningitis
1429:Brain and
1276:Idiopathic
1226:Molybdenum
1070:deficiency
959:B vitamins
840:DiseasesDB
718:syndrome).
333:5 February
309:References
227:, lack of
201:spasticity
173:deficiency
165:folic acid
107:deficiency
1813:Episodic/
1691:Tauopathy
1642:Akathisia
1630:Myoclonus
1613:Athetosis
1545:Tauopathy
1206:Manganese
1184:Potassium
1179:Phosphate
1174:Magnesium
1066:Vitamin B
681:1474-7758
446:Neurology
289:Treatment
254:Diagnosis
169:vitamin B
144:vitamin B
103:vitamin B
91:posterior
87:Lichtheim
59:Neurology
54:Specialty
2301:Myelitis
2179:SMALED2B
2174:SMALED2A
1871:Migraine
1863:Headache
1829:epilepsy
1825:Seizures
1683:Dementia
1586:Dystonia
1304:Cachexia
1294:Anorexia
1243:Fluorine
1231:Selenium
1221:Chromium
1169:Chloride
1014:Pellagra
973:Beriberi
935:Marasmus
758:17951489
690:10313972
621:27272334
564:17961276
474:37568461
466:15249607
402:18520150
349:synd/492
2289:General
2191:SMA-PME
2186:SMA-PCH
2169:SMALED1
1881:Tension
1876:Cluster
1601:Meige's
1418:Amoebic
1287:General
1164:Calcium
1113:Rickets
834:D052879
612:5009460
572:4639220
523:9854956
514:2170379
136:paresis
97:of the
85:, also
1910:Stroke
1724:Pick's
1651:Tremor
1618:Chorea
1253:Growth
1216:Iodine
1211:Copper
1189:Sodium
1102:Scurvy
869:000723
756:
687:
679:
642:
619:
609:
570:
562:
521:
511:
472:
464:
400:
209:ataxia
167:, the
131:myelin
113:, and
61:
2358:Polio
2351:Other
2224:both:
2156:DSMA1
2151:SMAX2
2146:SMAX1
2126:only:
2099:only:
2003:Other
1925:Other
1837:Focal
1470:Brain
1373:Brain
1081:Other
845:12591
823:266.2
819:336.2
804:E53.8
800:G32.0
568:S2CID
470:S2CID
215:Cause
81:, or
1827:and
1538:PKAN
1533:NBIA
1201:Zinc
1196:Iron
829:MeSH
814:9-CM
754:PMID
713:2014
677:ISSN
640:ISBN
617:PMID
560:PMID
519:PMID
462:PMID
427:2014
398:PMID
335:2022
242:and
163:and
93:and
40:and
2141:SMA
2124:LMN
2097:UMN
2088:MND
1954:CSF
1905:TIA
1550:PSP
1526:NMS
1495:and
1356:CNS
1135:K:
1129:E:
1106:D:
1100:C:
1087:A:
810:ICD
791:ICD
744:doi
740:137
685:PMC
669:doi
607:PMC
599:doi
550:doi
509:PMC
501:doi
454:doi
388:doi
352:at
278:or
2451::
2065:SA
1572:OA
1567:HD
1516:PD
1068:12
1061:12
867::
843::
832::
821:,
817::
802:,
798::
795:10
752:.
738:.
734:.
715:.
683:.
675:.
663:.
615:.
605:.
595:74
593:.
589:.
566:.
558:.
546:66
544:.
540:.
517:.
507:.
497:65
495:.
491:.
468:.
460:.
450:63
448:.
429:.
410:^
396:.
384:60
382:.
378:.
326:.
305:.
299:12
295:12
266:,
262:,
260:12
250:.
221:12
211:.
193:12
189:12
178:12
171:12
161:12
156:.
146:12
121:.
105:12
2273:e
2266:t
2259:v
1717:/
1472:/
1343:e
1336:t
1329:v
1059:B
1048:9
1046:B
1035:7
1033:B
1022:6
1020:B
1009:3
1007:B
996:2
994:B
968:1
966:B
904:e
897:t
890:v
812:-
793:-
783:D
760:.
746::
693:.
671::
648:.
623:.
601::
574:.
552::
525:.
503::
476:.
456::
404:.
390::
337:.
176:B
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