2012:
called the
Awibuang'ano/Awaivuang'ano (Mfangano/Fang'ano). This group includes Wakula, Wasamo, Wagimbe, Wiramba who are related to Awakiimba (Kakiimba), Awisokolwa and Waozi. Other groups also poured into Mfangano due to the pressure from advancing Luos in Central Nyanza especially in areas around Imbo Naya. They settled in Mfangano and they include; Wayokia, Wakisasi/Awakisori, Wakiara/Wakiala. Others include Kamreri, Kayanja and Waondo who are found in Mirunda Gembe Suba North. Other clans began forming when the people did much more expansion onto the islands. For example, there are other clans whose clan names were distinguished by their new geographic location.
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the fluent language speakers are middle-aged and have yet to establish a system to rebuild the language so that it may take proper footing as one of Africa's many languages, thus it has established a language status of at risk. Many blame the elders as they do not take proper measures to ensure the language's existence by teaching their young ones from an early onset. The biggest concern deriving from the pressures of reviving the language is the fear that their children will begin to build an identity crisis while attending school, considering that it is taught in either
English or Luo.
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One of the biggest issues relating to the Suba language declination is the sole fact that Kenya viewed the language as inferior. The education system is teaching
English and Luo to the newer generations of Suba children thus impairing the possibilities of the language to come back. Some even say that
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The culture of the Suba People is very distinct from those of the Luo. The Suba people practice circumcision as an initiation process from boyhood to adulthood. Mostly boys are circumcised. In some clans, even girls are circumcised. Suna
Girango circumcision process is very similar to their neighbors
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which has several dialects such as sweta, simbiti, surwa, kine, etc. Currently, they speak a language that includes a combination of Kisuba and
Egikuria language – that is the bunchari dialect, and many of the communities interact freely with the Suba people in Tanzania (Surwa, Sweta, Simbiti, Hacha,
1961:
The
Abagirango (Suna Girango) is another group that is usually erroneously grouped together with the Abasuba of Suba South and Suba North, since they also call themselves Abasuba. But, this is because Girango had a son named Musuba (Suba) and this Musuba had many children than his other brothers, for
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The Suba people are cattle farmers- a culture that they borrowed from the Luos. Even though the Luo no longer keep large herds of cattle, the Suba still keep cattle in large numbers. This is especially common in Migori
District in Suba west division where cattle rustling between Kurians and Girango
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Dowry included 30heads of Cattle but this also depends upon the purity of the lady to be married. A lady with a child would attract lower number of heads of cattle. Her age mates would accompany her with songs to her new home and celebrate. Alcohol made from
Sorghum and Cassava was served as a form
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Subas were also involved in rain Making sacrifices such as animal sacrifices to appease the gods and clan spirits called
Emisambwa singular Omusambwa in Suba District. These were carried out in special shrines which can still be found across Suba such as Utende, Kwitutu, Mungusa and Kiboye Shrines.
1957:
A community cultural festival known as
Rusinga Island Cultural, Religious and Arts Festival popularly known as RICRAF is an annual community event which celebrates the cultural heritage of the indigenous Abasuba peoples of Rusinga Island, celebrates the island's archeological significance and gives
1937:. The Suba groups tracing ancestry among the Kenyan tribes preceded those groups from Uganda in present-day Subaland and are the numerous and influential ones. Those groups from Uganda are mostly concentrated in Rusinga and Mfangano islands with small pockets of them being found in mainland Kenya.
2060:
Further information upon the tribesmen's expansion remained unclear pretty unclear considering that the Niger-Congo family has the largest number of dialects within Africa. Distinguishing the different dialects become rather difficult because they all predominantly use the noun class system. With
2020:
as well as Awangoe residing in the Ungoe Hills. The Awakune or Kaksingri clan live along the lake from Gingo to a small fishing village called Sindo to Ragwe and Ngeri, and they are closely related with Uregi who live in the Uregi Hills since their forefathers came from the same home. Today many
2011:
The Suba people who settled on the islands include smaller clans called the Eluzinga or'Chula', meaning the people of the islands. This group includes the following clans: Waware, Awakiwanga (Kaswanga), Wanyama, Waregi, Awamasengere (Kamasengere), Wasaki and Awangoze (Ngodhe), while others were
2015:
The clan that predominantly lives the closest to Lake Victoria and is the bigger of the sub groups is the people that go by the name Awigassi or Gwasii and they happen to reside upon the Gwasii Hills, Gwassi and Wakula are related since their forefathers Kiboye and Witewe were brothers before
1962:
instance, Tegi and Gire hence descendants of Musuba calling themselves Abasuba meaning Musuba's people. Suba clans in Suna include Simbete, Sweta, and Wiga; and they have a clear and distinct ancestry that goes back to forefathers who crossed red Sea from Misri as illustrated below:
2145:. A clear evidence of this is a town named Suba Kuria in Migori County, Kenya. The Suna Abasuba include the Wasweta (Kadika, Katiga, Kakrao,), Wasimbete (Bahiri kiberi, Bahiri ng'ong'o, bahiri Nkena, Miaro, Nchogu) and Wiga (Wakwena, Nyasasi, Wanje, Nyathocho, Kamsuru).
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that being said it has become rather unclear as to how deep into Kenya the Suba people managed to travel being as distinguishing them from other dialects becomes harder and harder as the language is slowly being influenced by its neighboring language,
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Even the greater Suna people who based in Migori county usually identify themselves as Suba and are linguistically and culturally distinct and are unconnected to the Abasuba from Suba district. The Suna people are a heterogeneous group that comprises
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Other than the Rusinga Festival, one of the most recent efforts to preserve the dying language has been the production of a Bible in Suba. Efforts to translate the Bible into Suba started as early as 1988, but it was only completed in 2011.
2016:
escaping to the east after a revolt in the Bagandan Kingdom in the year 1700. Waware were also involved in this struggle. Other groups that reside on a hill are the Uregi who reside on the Uregi Hills of Meari which is a town in the
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who migrated from Uganda escaping the expansion of the Buganda Kingdom. They settled in Kenya as refugees and they had a well formed and a very organised language, political system and economic activities. The Suba in Suna
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who are distinct in terms of heritage from the Abagirango. The term Suba was originally used by Luos to refer to splinter tribes from their main tribes of Kisii, Kuria and Luhya and the term later became the name of the
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people is common. Subas also loved sport fishing where there was a special species they went for. The Abasuba also commonly practice polygamy, some of the members of the clan are named to have had even ten wives.
1949:
having taken place among large portions of the mainland Suba. As a result, their own language has been classified as endangered. Despite this language shift, the Suba have kept a distinct ethnic identity. The
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Nguruimi, Kine etc.) and the Kuria (Rianchoka, Banchari, Batimbaru etc.) people. Clans of Suna people; Wasweta, Kadika, Wiga, Wanje, Katiga, Kakaeta, Kanyameda, Wasimbete, Wakwera, Wanyara, Kamn'go'ngo
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Johnson, Steven L. 1980 'Production, Exchange, and Economic Development Among the Luo-Abasuba of Southwestern Kenya.' Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University.
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Subas also revered snakes such as the Python and they believed that Clan spirit dwelled amongst them. An example is given of the spirit of Gumba in Rusinga and Mungusa of Kaksingri.
2273:
Johnson, Steven L. 1988 'Ideological Dimensions of Peasant Persistence in Western Kenya.' in New Perspectives on Social Class and Socioeconomic Development in the Periphery,' ed.
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1909:, Kaksingri of Suba South and Migori and are believed to be the last tribe to have settled in Kenya. The immigrants to present-day Subaland trace their ancestry among
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Otieno Apiyo Caspar-Nursing and public health student Kenyatta University 2012–2016- Tujifunze Lugha yetu (TLY) a book written in Abasuba and translated in Kiswahili.
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During funerals there were gifted elders who would carry Engawvo a type of shield and a long spear and Chant around the homestead while adorned with twigs.
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Shetler, Jan Bender. (September 2010). Historical memory as a foundation for peace: Network formation and ethnic identity in North Mara, Tanzania. (n.d.).
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Other Suba speakers are found in the Southern shores of the Lake in Muhuru Bay. They are generally called Muhuhuru People and they also speak the
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However, the correct name for the Suna people is ABAGIRANGO although they are referenced as Suna/Suba-Girango to distinguish them from the
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Johnson, Steven L. 1983 'Social Investment in a Developing Economy: Position-holding in Western Kenya.' Human Organization 42(4): 340–46.
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Johnson, Steven L. 1979 'Changing Patterns of Maize Utilization in Western Kenya.' Studies in Third World Societies 8: 37–56.
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1984:. Currently, those who claim to speak Ekisuba actually speak igikuria (bunchari dialect) which is the same language as the
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people in the islands and the highlands subsequent to Lake Victoria still retain the original Suba dialect that is the
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speaking Suba such as Waware, Wiga and Kaswanga into their various sub-groups. The Suna people are the Abagirango or
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who call themselves Abasuba because Girango had a son named Musuba (Suba) and not because they are related to the
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is held in December of every year as a cultural festival to celebrate and preserve Suba culture and language.
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1889:. Their population is estimated at 157,787, with substantial fluent speakers. They migrated to Kenya from
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2065:. Suba scholars have taken the initiative to rewrite the History and more information is now available.
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Clans had roles assigned to them such as circumcision, animals sacrifices and dispute settlements.
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Jenkins, Orville Boyd. (January 1997). The Suba of Kenya and Tanzania—A Cultural Profile. (n.d.).
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Otieno, Jeff. (November 2010). Extinction of languages in East Africa worries Unesco. (n.d.).
2072:. Some pockets of Uregi, Gwassi, and Kaksingri are also found in Muhuru Bay in Migori county.
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Suba people also practiced rock art as witnessed in the caves of Kwitone in Gulwe Mfangano.
1925:. The evidence supporting this is the fact that some Suba groups speak languages similar to
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https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/-/434746/1056140/-/item/1/-/ttugthz/-/index.html
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the kuria even the saro names, for instance, Nginaro, Misungu, Gitang'osa, Kirina, etc.
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Amadi Allela student at the Technical University of Kenya. www.twitter.com/allela_amadi
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News From Africa. (April 2002). Languages: Living on borrowed time. (n.d.).
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Silvery, Ochola Gaa. 2015 'In Search of the Abasuba Identity 'African People
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of celebration. Ladies also decorated their tummy with special drawings.
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in some areas through interaction. As a result of that interaction, the
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2433:"The Mfangano-Rusinga Island Complex - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
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http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_7865.html
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Nelson W. Keith & Novell Zett Keith, New York: Greenwood Press.
1997:
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A History of the Luo-Abasuba of Western Kenya: From A.D. 1760-1940
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Heine, Bernd & Brenzinger, Mathias (eds.) (2003) 'Africa', in
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the islanders a platform to showcase cultural arts and industry.
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language which is the same language spoken by their brothers the
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2288:(1999) 'Language and ethnic identity: the case of the Abasuba',
2084:. The Suna have however integrated clans originally part of the
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1905:, others also settled on the mainland areas including Gembe,
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Their language is also distinct and very different from the
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Ragwe<--Siora<--Montheya<--Girango<--Musubaabs
1865:
with an amalgamation of clans drawn from their main tribes
1734:
2041:
has borrowed a significant amount of lexical items from
2591:"Extinction of languages in East Africa worries Unesco"
2509:"Extinction of languages in East Africa worries Unesco"
2292:(Series C, Humanities and Social Sciences) 5, 1, 21–38.
2566:"OCHIENG: History will drive tribalists to extinction"
2484:"The Suba of Kenya and Tanzania -- A Cultural Profile"
2407:"The Suba of Kenya and Tanzania -- A Cultural Profile"
1941:, the Suba are highly influenced by the neighbouring
184:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2957:Population and Housing Census - Ethnic Affiliation
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2317:http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/47/5/639.abstract
2112:through Rusinga and Mfangano Islands by boats.
1861:) are a heterogeneous Bantu group of people in
2458:"Rusinga festival sets island alight - PHOTOS"
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1444:The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival
2629:http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4789
2260:http://strategyleader.org/profiles/suba.html
2137:, Kenya refers to a heterogeneous people of
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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324:Learn how and when to remove this message
306:Learn how and when to remove this message
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1439:Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)
269:This article includes a list of general
2297:UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages
1885:spare some lexical items borrowed from
544:Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture
362:
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2627:Did you know Suba is at risk? (n.d.).
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1991:
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2000:(Tarime, Musoma and Rorya Districts,
2526:"Languages: living on borrowed time"
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357:Regions with significant populations
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182:adding citations to reliable sources
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135:move details into the article's body
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2544:"Abasuba New Testament finally out"
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2368:Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
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2100:who are descended of migrants from
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1972:language spoken by the Abasuba of
549:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Culture
275:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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2049:that were absent in the original
34:This article has multiple issues.
2339:Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania
2245:Michael George Okeyo, ambassador
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2025:that is closely related to the
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169:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
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1530:Kenya Broadcasting Corporation
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2080:and splinter tribes from the
1976:. The Suna people speak the
401:African Traditional Religion
7:
2482:Jenkins, Dr. Orville Boyd.
2405:Jenkins, Dr. Orville Boyd.
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2148:Their original language is
1988:spare the name difference.
1265:Rusinga (Cultural) Festival
494:Portuguese and Omani period
77:to comply with Knowledge's
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2394:. Kenya Literature Bureau.
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1705:Lothagam North Pillar Site
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193:"Suba people" Kenya
90:may contain suggestions.
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1893:and settled on the two
504:Early post Independence
499:British Colonial Period
290:more precise citations.
2976:Ethnic groups in Kenya
2667:(by linguistic origin)
2664:Ethnic groups in Kenya
2004:) who call themselves
1982:Suba people (Tanzania)
1434:Kenya National Theatre
1220:Lamu Cultural Festival
1795:Coat of arms of Kenya
1651:Kenyan Premier League
1584:Business Daily Africa
1579:The African Executive
1498:Kenya Film Commission
1307:African Inland Church
411:Related ethnic groups
2286:Okoth-Okombo, Duncan
1945:, to the point of a
1750:Dedan Kimathi Statue
1695:World Heritage Sites
1658:Rugby union in Kenya
178:improve this article
2203:Notable Suba people
2128:speaking people of
1992:General Information
1790:Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu
1557:CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM
1487:Government agencies
1449:Too Early for Birds
1380:and performing arts
559:Elmenteitan culture
539:Koobi Fora Hominins
489:Swahili city states
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2613:General references
2524:Muindi, Matthias,
2488:strategyleader.org
2411:strategyleader.org
2235:John Henry Okwanyo
2214:Mbadi John Ng'ongo
1755:Baden-Powell grave
1745:Tom Mboya Monument
1481:Nation Media Group
1364:Swahili literature
1161:Kalenjin mythology
894:Kenyan Australians
580:Modern ethnicities
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1700:List of Monuments
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1508:Kenya News Agency
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2250:Further reading
2229:Millie Odhiambo
2222:, televangelist
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2150:Ekisuba/Egesuba
2130:Homa Bay County
2121:Homa Bay County
2098:Homa Bay County
2018:Nyanza province
1994:
1986:Ekisuba/Egesuba
1978:Ekisuba/Egesuba
1974:Homa Bay County
1847:
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1800:
1799:
1785:National anthem
1770:
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1725:Jumba la Mtwana
1715:Thimlich Ohinga
1690:
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1636:Athletics Kenya
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1594:The EastAfrican
1552:98.4 Capital FM
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1428:Performing arts
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1139:Bantu mythology
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564:Sirikwa culture
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2623:External links
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2542:The Standard.
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2507:Otieno, Jeff,
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2437:whc.unesco.org
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2090:Girango people
2027:Ganda language
1993:
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1947:language shift
1939:Linguistically
1883:Ganda language
1877:who speak the
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514:Recent history
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2135:Migori County
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2108:that entered
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2070:Suba language
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1599:Kenya Gazette
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1270:Christmas Day
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1215:Easter Monday
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1171:Luanda Magere
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1071:West Germanic
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872:White Kenyans
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867:Kenyan Asians
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569:Urewe culture
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189:Find sources:
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167:This article
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2869:Borana Oromo
2788:Nilo-Saharan
2762:
2626:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2570:Daily Nation
2569:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2537:
2529:
2520:
2512:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2462:Daily Nation
2461:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2410:
2400:
2390:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
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2358:
2296:
2289:
2237:, politician
2231:, politician
2216:, politician
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2014:
2010:
1995:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1915:Luhya people
1911:Ganda people
1871:Luhya people
1867:Ganda people
1858:
1854:
1852:
1780:Coat of arms
1609:The Standard
1589:Daily Nation
1572:
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1545:
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1513:
1512:
1486:
1485:
1427:
1426:
1255:Mashujaa Day
1230:Madaraka Day
1093:Indo-Iranian
987:Nilo-Saharan
882:
881:
877:Kenyan Arabs
719:
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533:
425:Suba-Simbiti
405:Christianity
338:Ethnic group
335:
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176:Please help
171:verification
168:
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123:lead section
121:
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84:You can help
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36:Please help
33:
2856:Afroasiatic
2675:Niger–Congo
2532:, Apr. 2002
2515:, Nov. 2010
2002:Mara Region
1919:Soga people
1897:islands of
1710:Namoratunga
1604:Kenya Times
1567:Radio Maria
1302:Anglicanism
1297:Catholicism
1260:Jamhuri Day
1240:Eid al-Adha
1235:Eid al-Fitr
1210:Good Friday
1023:Afroasiatic
921:Niger–Congo
474:Pleistocene
288:introducing
2600:21 January
2575:21 January
2550:21 January
2493:21 January
2467:21 January
2442:21 January
2416:21 January
2350:References
2301:Suba entry
1923:Luo people
1921:, and the
1740:Fort Jesus
1573:Newspapers
1525:Citizen TV
1514:Television
1471:Television
1356:Literature
1275:Boxing Day
1245:Huduma Day
1225:Labour day
1166:Kit-Mikayi
1098:Hindustani
271:references
204:newspapers
39:improve it
2874:Daasanach
2753:Mijikenda
2334:Tom Mboya
2209:Tom Mboya
2057:dialect.
1735:Siyu Fort
1730:Lamu Fort
1688:Monuments
1562:Pamoja FM
1192:Festivals
1132:Mythology
1086:Afrikaans
966:Kigiryama
956:Oluluhyia
913:Languages
820:Mijikenda
574:Shungwaya
479:Neolithic
389:Kiswahili
379:Languages
234:July 2023
143:July 2023
133:and help
96:July 2023
88:talk page
45:talk page
2970:Category
2955:Source:
2945:European
2937:European
2894:Rendille
2811:Kalenjin
2373:24 March
2323:See also
1998:Tanzania
1933:and the
1903:Mfangano
1614:The Star
1289:Religion
1066:Germanic
1033:Rendille
1028:Cushitic
1002:Kalenjin
961:Kipokomo
946:Ekegusii
883:Diaspora
805:Rendille
780:Ilchamus
683:Kipsigis
678:Marakwet
668:Kalenjin
636:Maragoli
437:a series
435:Part of
395:Religion
2922:Chinese
2879:El Molo
2846:Turkana
2816:Samburu
2768:Swahili
2708:Giriama
2546:. Kenya
2344:Baganda
2160:Culture
2126:Olusuba
2117:Olusuba
2102:Buganda
2094:Olusuba
2086:Olusuba
2055:Olusuba
2051:Luganda
2039:Olusuba
2023:Olusuba
1970:Olusuba
1927:Luganda
1899:Rusinga
1859:Abasuba
1768:Symbols
1417:Soukous
1412:Ohangla
1407:Lingala
1317:Judaism
1312:Quakers
1182:Cuisine
1115:Italian
1076:English
1045:Semitic
1012:Turkana
992:Nilotic
951:Kimîîru
931:Swahili
847:Swahili
830:Giriama
815:Sengwer
785:Turkana
775:Samburu
646:Tachoni
631:Marachi
596:Banyala
509:Moi Era
466:History
352:157,787
342:Abasuba
284:improve
218:scholar
2927:Indian
2899:Somali
2831:Maasai
2801:Ateker
2796:Ariaal
2778:Taveta
2758:Pokomo
2743:Mbeere
2723:Kikuyu
2713:Jibana
2693:Chonyi
2688:Bajuni
2683:Agumba
2156:2010.
2141:, and
2106:Busoga
2053:-like
2043:Dholuo
2031:Dholuo
1931:Lusoga
1907:Gwassi
1891:Uganda
1873:, and
1476:Cinema
1422:Taarab
1392:Boomba
1250:Diwali
1205:Mawlid
1149:Akamba
1144:Gikuyu
1110:French
1105:Italic
1081:German
1050:Arabic
1038:Somali
997:Dholuo
976:bajuni
971:Kiembu
936:Kikuyu
857:Taveta
840:Chonyi
835:Duruma
825:Jibana
795:Sakuye
790:Borana
770:Maasai
755:Mbeere
735:Somali
708:Sabaot
688:Elgeyo
651:Tiriki
641:Marama
616:Isukha
611:Idakho
601:Bukusu
586:Kikuyu
528:People
439:on the
421:Bagisu
385:Kisuba
369:
273:, but
220:
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86:. The
2914:Asian
2904:Yaaku
2884:Gabra
2864:Aweer
2836:Okiek
2806:Camus
2773:Taita
2738:Luhya
2733:Kuria
2728:Kisii
2718:Kamba
2143:Kuria
2110:Kenya
2082:Kuria
2047:Kuria
2035:Kuria
1935:Luhya
1863:Kenya
1628:Sport
1546:Radio
1463:Media
1397:Genge
1387:Benga
1378:Music
941:Kamba
926:Bantu
862:Okiek
852:Taita
810:Gabra
745:Kuria
740:Kisii
730:Kamba
725:Kunta
703:Pokot
698:Terik
693:Tugen
673:Nandi
661:Wanga
656:Samia
621:Khayo
591:Luhya
417:Luhya
372:Kenya
225:JSTOR
211:books
2889:Orma
2841:Teso
2821:Kore
2763:Suba
2748:Meru
2703:Embu
2698:Digo
2602:2018
2577:2018
2552:2018
2495:2018
2469:2018
2444:2018
2418:2018
2375:2020
2104:and
2045:and
2033:and
2006:Suba
1901:and
1875:Soga
1855:Suba
1853:The
1775:Flag
800:Orma
765:Teso
760:Embu
750:Meru
720:Suba
626:Kisa
606:Gisu
197:news
2826:Luo
2299:. (
2139:Luo
2078:Luo
2063:Luo
1943:Luo
1887:Luo
1330:Art
1007:Maa
715:Luo
180:by
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