Student financial aid in the United States

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institutional need-based grants than a student with a low family income that has low SAT scores. In 1996, public higher education institutions gave students with high SAT scores and a low family income $ 1,255 in need-based grants. However, only $ 565 in need-based grants were given to students with low SAT scores who had low family incomes. The lower a student's SAT score, the smaller the amount of need-based grants a student received no matter what their family income level was. The same trend holds true for higher education private institutions. In 1996, private institutions gave students with high SAT scores and a low family income $ 7,123 versus $ 2,382 for students with low SAT scores and a low family income. Thus, "institutional need-based awards are less sensitive to need and more sensitive to 'academic merit' than the principles of needs analysis would lead us to expect." It has been found that increasing an SAT score in the range of 100-200 points can result in hundreds of dollars more in institutional grants and on average substantially more if one is attending a private institution.

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well as each student's ability to pay after receiving state and federal grants. According to the Center for College Affordability and Productivity (CCAP), "If the federal or state authorities increase financial support per student, the institution has the opportunity to capture part or all of that increased ability to pay by reducing institutional grants and/or raising their charges for tuition, fees, room, or board." Importantly, it also notes that "the exception to this general pattern is modest aid targeted at only low-income students, like the Pell grant." The center uses data about net proceeds (tuition plus room, board and other fees) as a percentage of median income to show that financial aid practices have not been effective in decreasing prices in an effort to increase access. Net proceeds at public four-year institutions rose from 15% to 20% of median income from 1987 to 2008. In that same time, productivity has declined in the form of lighter teaching loads for professors and increased expenditures on administrative staff.

1643: 886:, a well-known costly but wealthy institution that had previously cut tuition for students whose families earned less than $ 60,000 a year, proceeded to cut costs by nearly fifty percent for those students whose families earned between $ 120,000 and $ 180,000 a year. Institutions will consider students' financial needs as well as their academic merit standing when applying for financial aid. Merit-based aid and need-based aid have been linked together for many financial aid scholarships. This relationship is beneficial as it underlies that one form of financial aid, particularly merit-based, is not completely taking over need-based aid. Statistics do show results of studies performed from 1992–2000 that the increase in financial aid awarded was based entirely on merit. However, when viewing numbers of both merit-based and need-based aid closely, the differences are not significant. 1654:

points increase in the likelihood of enrollment for a $ 1,000 reduction in costs. Similarly, a systematic review and meta-analysis by Tuan Nguyen and colleagues examining the effects of grant aid find that, across more than 40 studies, grant aid increases the probability of students persisting from year to year and of completing their degree by 2 to 3 percentage points, and an additional $ 1,000 of grant aid improves year-to-year persistence and degree attainment by 1.5 to 2 percentage points. This comprehensive study also finds that grant aid programs with additional non-monetary supports such as academic support and advising have larger effects, and that grant aid effects are weaker for merit-based aid than for need-based aid.

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higher education in the United States to eliminate both loans and work-study contributions from their financial aid programs. Many of these programs are aimed at students whose parents earn less than a certain income — the figures vary by college or university. These new initiatives were designed to attract more students and applicants from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, reduce student debt loads, and provide the offering institutions with an advantage over their rivals in attracting commitments from accepted students. Most students prefer no-loan financial aid as a way to relieve the amount of debt they are in after college

779:, which current rules require each college to specify. Then from it is subtracted the student's Expected Family Contribution, based on the student's income and assets, and calculated by the U.S. Department of Education under rules set by Congress and processed using the FAFSA system. For unmarried students under 24, Congress mandates that parental income and assets be included. The resulting figure is the student's "need". Colleges attempt to provide students with enough financial aid to meet all student need, but in most cases are unable to do so completely. The result is "unmet need". 1053:, ""Adding it all up 2012: are net price calculators easy to find, use and compare?" found key issues with the implementation of the net price calculator requirement. In "Adding it all up," the authors state, "this report takes a more in-depth look at the net price calculators from 50 randomly selected colleges. While we found some positive practices that were not evident at the time of our previous report, net price calculators are still not reliably easy for prospective college students and their families to find, use, and compare." 995:

Education Loan Program, Global Student Loan Corporation (GLSC), and International Student Loan Program (ISLP). Financial Aid for European Students can be looked by using Noopolis, a database in Italy run by CNR (the Italian equivalent of the US's National Science Foundation). It has information regarding financial aid for Italian citizens to study abroad. There are also U.S. Educational Advising Centers throughout the world that assist prospective students by answering the questions they have about studying in the United States.

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that the California Student Aid Commission awards to different students. For example, Cal Grant A provides full mandatory tuition and feeds to students. Funds from Cal Grant B are given to eligible low-income and underprivileged students. For first-year students, an amount of up to $ 1,648 for books and living expenses were provided in the school year 2023-24. The California Student Aid Commission awards different amounts depending on the student's need.

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outstanding academic position, involvement in organizations, or high athletic talent. The issue is that these reasons for awarding scholarships take away from low-income students who often do not meet these merit standards. In other words, funds for merit-based scholarships are taking away from the already small amount of federal aid available to low-income students who simply cannot pay for college without some kind of financial aid.

463: 1032:"…to help current and prospective students, families, and other consumers estimate the individual net price of an institution of higher education for a student. The net price calculator shall be developed in a manner that enables current and prospective students, families, and consumers to determine an estimate of a current or prospective student's individual net price at a particular institution." 728:, similar to grants, do not need to be repaid. Scholarships come from state, educational institutions, and private agencies. Scholarships can be awarded based on merit, financial need, student characteristics (such as gender, race, religion, family and medical history, and the like), creativity, career field, college, athletic ability, among other categories. 1045:

Mary Sapp, Ph.D., assistant vice president for planning and institutional research at the University of Miami, served as the panel's chair. She described the mandate's goal as "to provide prospective and current undergraduate students with some insight into the difference between an institution's sticker price and the price they will end up paying."

2308: 1068:'s College Knowledge Challenge announced College Abacus as one its winners in January 2013; the $ 100,000 grant from the Gates Foundation enabled College Abacus to expand from its beta version with 2500+ schools to a fully comprehensive version with all the colleges and universities in the United States. 1081:

In 2001, Princeton University became the first university in the United States to eliminate loans from its financial aid packages. Since then, many other schools have followed in eliminating some or all loans from their financial aid programs. In 2022, Williams College became the first institution of

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The template was developed based on the suggestions of an IPEDS' Technical Review Panel (TRP), which met on January 27–28, 2009, and included 58 individuals representing federal and state governments, post-secondary institutions from all sectors, association representatives, and template contractors.

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all offer packages to foreign students. Graduate students may have more luck with financial aid. This is because graduate and teaching assistantships are offered on the basis of academic achievement, regardless of citizenship. Although International students are not eligible for the US government aid

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Federal Work-Study (FWS) Program: The Work-Study Program provides part-time jobs for undergraduate and graduate students with financial need. This program allows students to earn money to help pay education expenses. The program encourages community service work and work related to a student's course

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The William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program: Eligible students may borrow up to $ 20,500 per school year. These loans are unsubsidized; Congress has determined that subsidized loans (no interest while enrolled) are only available to undergraduates. Graduate and professional students

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With the yearly rising cost of tuition, room and board, and fees among schools across the nation, low-income students are finding it harder to pay for their education. In an attempt to help students meet the high, costly demands of college, schools have increased merit-based grants, for students with

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Non-need-based loans are available for students and families who cannot afford to pay the entire cost of college. These loans are directed toward those individuals and families who did not qualify for need-based loans due to the amount of their personal assets. There is usually a higher interest rate

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Consolidation loans combine two or more student and/or parent loans into one loan. They are an option for those who find themselves struggling with multiple student loan payments. Consolidation loans are available for most federal loan types, and some private lenders offer private consolidation loans

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Direct subsidized loans are the most sought, as they have few requirements other than enrollment and demonstration of financial need. However, the amount you may borrow is determined by your school and may not exceed your financial need, which is based on the EFC from your FAFSA. You are not required

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Post-secondary institutions post a Cost of Attendance or Price of Attendance, also known as a "sticker price." However, that price is not how much an institution will cost an individual student. To make higher education costs more transparent before a student actually applies to college, federal law

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Direct Unsubsidized Loans are available to all undergraduate and graduate students, with no requirement to demonstrate financial need. Your school will determine how much you are allowed to borrow based on your cost of attendance and adjust for any other financial aid you are receiving. However, you

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Federal student loans are loans directly to the student; the student is responsible for repayment of the loan. These loans typically have low interest rates and do not require a credit check or any other sort of collateral. Student loans provide a wide variety of deferment plans, as well as extended

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are frequently used interchangeably, there is a difference. Scholarships may have a financial need component, but rely on other criteria as well. Some private need-based awards are confusingly called scholarships, and require the results of a FAFSA (the family's EFC). However, scholarships are often

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Studies examining the effects of financial aid on postsecondary outcomes have generally found positive effects. For instance, a study reviewing the literature on the effects of grant aid on enrollment finds that grant aid positively increases college enrollment, with approximately 3 to 4 percentage

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The law defines estimated net price as the difference between an institution's average total Price of Attendance (the sum of tuition and fees, room and board, books and supplies, and other expenses including personal expenses and transportation for a first-time, full-time undergraduate students who

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are frequently used interchangeably, there is a difference. Scholarships may have a financial need component but rely on other criteria as well. Some private need-based awards are confusingly called scholarships, and require the results of a FAFSA (the family's EFC). However, scholarships are often

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Federal parent loans are a federally funded loan option if the student is dependent on his or her parents. Parent loans allow parents to take out student loans, the repayment of which will be their responsibility. The parents use these loans to pay for educational expenses on behalf of the student.

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There is also assistance a student can seek from their native country. Canadian students attending colleges in the US may obtain loans through the Canadian government's Ministry of Skills, Training, and Labour. Alternative loans Canadian international students may apply for are the Canadian Higher

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There are colleges and universities that offer aid to international students. To find out if the school in question offers such assistance inquire of the financial aid office of the institution. Some schools offer grants, loans and jobs, and give anywhere from 15 to 150 awards to foreign students.

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Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins Loan) Program: This is a school-based loan program for eligible students with exceptional financial need. Students may qualify for a Perkins Loan of up to $ 8,000 each year depending on financial need, the amount of other aid received, and the availability of funds at

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Need-based financial aid is awarded on the basis of the financial need of the student. The "need" of each student is a figure determined separately for each student. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid application (FAFSA) is generally used for determining federal, state, and institutional

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There are different levels of need-blind admissions. Few institutions are fully need-blind. Others are not need-blind for students who apply after certain deadlines, international students, and students from a waitlist. Some institutions are moving away from need-blind admissions so that they can

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Elise Miller, program director for the U.S. Department of Education's Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) stated the idea behind the requirement: "We just want to break down the myth of sticker price and get beyond it. This is to give students some indication that they will not

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problem since schools have full knowledge of their customers' ability to pay while students and their families have little information about costs that colleges face to provide their services. That is, when planning for the next academic year, a school will know its current and projected costs as

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An education loan is a loan taken out by the student (or parent) in order to pay for educational expenses. Unlike scholarships and grants, this money must be repaid with interest. Educational loan options include federal student loans, federal parent loans, private loans, and consolidation loans.

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For students attending a University or Cal State in the state of California there are also resources like the Cal Grant award that is awarded every year. Cal Grants help students choose an institution that best suites them and not based on what they can afford. There are different types of grants

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There is little financial aid available for foreign students, with the unique exception of Canadian and Mexican students. A majority of aid is awarded as grants, scholarships, and loans that come through public and private sources which restrict their awards to American citizens. That being said

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Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant: The TEACH Grant Program provides grants of up to $ 4,000 a year to students who are completing or plan to complete coursework needed to begin a career in teaching. The TEACH Grant is different from other federal student

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While providing financial information to the government is a reasonable expectation to calculate a student's financial need, it does not necessarily follow that colleges should have access to this information. Providing that information to schools may be problematic because schools learn about

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A recent trend shows that what is purely need-based aid is not entirely clear. According to the National Postsecondary Aid Survey (NPSAS), SAT scores affect the size of institutional need-based financial aid. If a student has a high SAT score and a low family income, they will receive larger

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There are also non-need based grants and scholarships that consider merit rather than financial need. These awards are granted by the college or university as well as outside organizations. Merit-based scholarships are typically awarded for outstanding academic achievements and maximum

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In recent years, government has responded to the financial crisis students are facing and therefore passed legislation that boosted the value of grants for low-income students and trimmed subsidies for private education lenders. Schools have also taken action for the sake of students.

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Some universities have opted to have a "loan cap" program, which is a maximum loan — either per year or for the four years combined — designed to reduce the cost of attendance for low-income and middle-class students. The following schools have a loan cap program:

522:. This funding is used to assist in covering the many costs incurred in the pursuit of post-secondary education. Financial aid is available from federal and state governments, educational institutions, and private organizations. It can be awarded in the form of grants, loans, 637:

to begin repaying these loans for as long as you are in school at least as a part-time student. They also offer a six-month grace period, meaning you do not begin repaying them until six months after you leave school. These loans also offer a deferment period in some cases.

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come from a wide range of government departments, colleges, universities or public and private trusts. Grant eligibility is typically determined by financial need. The application process is set by the agency providing the funds and often relies on data submitted via the

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fulfill the full need of the students that are admitted. Meeting the full-need will probably increase the funds for financial aid. For example, Wesleyan University is only need-blind if it has enough money to satisfy the full need of admitted students.

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To meet the requirement, post-secondary institutions may choose between a basic template developed by the U.S. Department of Education or an alternative net price calculator that offers at least the minimum elements the law requires. A report issued by

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The Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant requires you to take certain classes in order to get the grant, followed by performing a specific job, sometimes in a specific location, to keep the grant from becoming a

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is a form of financial aid. Work-study jobs allow students to get campus jobs, when possible within their field of interest, and are more flexible than off-campus part-time jobs because they are designed to accommodate student schedules. In 2022,

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Institutional Grants, grants provided by educational institutions. Some institutional grants are based on academic achievement (merit awards or merit scholarships), while others are based on financial need, and some are a combination of the

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Under federal law, if there are special circumstances such as loss of a job or large medical expenses, college financial aid offices have considerable liberty to lower a student's calculated need, thus resulting in a larger aid award.

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associated with non-need based loans. Because these loans are not need-based, the U.S. government does not pay the interest for the student while enrolled in school; they are often referred to as unsubsidized loans. The Unsubsidized

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Deming, D., & Dynarski, S. (2010). "College aid. In P. B. Levine & D. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Targeting investments in children: Fighting poverty when resources are lim- ited (pp. 283–302). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago

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programs like the Pell Grant, SEOG Grant, Stafford Loan, Perkins Loan, PLUS Loan, and Federal Work study, many schools will ask international students to submit a FAFSA so that they may use the data for assessing financial need.

1581:"Annual assessed incomes of $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 who demonstrate need for financial aid. The program caps total need-based loans at $ 15,000, assuming on-time progression toward graduation with up to eight semesters of study." 918:

Federal Pell Grant: A Pell Grant, unlike a loan, does not have to be repaid. Most graduate and professional students are not eligible for Pell Grants, but those enrolled in a post-baccalaureate teacher certification program are

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do not consider a student's financial need. In a time when colleges are low on financial funds, it is difficult to maintain need-blind admissions because schools cannot meet the full need of the poor students that they admit.

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enrolled in certain health profession programs may receive additional Direct Unsubsidized Loan amounts each academic year. These federal loans, although unsubsidized, are far superior in interest rate and repayment terms to

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calculates a figure called the Expected Family Contribution (EFC). If the EFC is less than the cost of attending a college, the student has financial need (as the term is used in the U.S. financial aid system).

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In the college financial aid process in the United States, a student's "need" is a figure which colleges use when calculating how much financial aid to offer a student. It is determined by taking the college's

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became the first institution of higher education in the United States to completely eliminate work-study (along with loans) from their financial aid programs by offering an "all grant" financial aid package.

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In a study on the correlation between the price of higher education and enrollment rates, Donald Heller finds that the amount of financial aid available for students is a strong factor in enrollment rates.

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To qualify for need-based aid a student must have a significant amount of financial need, which is determined by the federal government based on the FAFSA. Using the information submitted on the FAFSA, the

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Decreases in the amount of financial aid leads to decreases in enrollment. However, different types of financial aid have differing effects. Grant awards tend to have a stronger effect on enrollment rates.

595:(FSEOG), federal grant program that is need-based, but directed towards students whose FAFSA results exhibit exceptional financial need, such as being among the lowest Expected Family Contribution (EFC). 2167: 646:

are responsible for paying the interest on these loans even during school. If you choose not to pay interest while enrolled, your interest will accrue and be added to the principal amount of your loan.

659:. This loan allows parents to borrow up to the total cost of attendance, minus any other financial aid the student receives. Eligibility will be determined upon review of the parent's credit history. 2882: 1571:

Undergraduate students with family income between $ 40,000 and $ 100,000 will have their loans limited on a graduated basis ($ 1,000 to $ 4,000 per year) and loans "frozen" at the freshman level.

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Students can file an appeal with their college financial aid office in order to seek additional financial aid, though the information about the process is not always clear or available online.

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State Grants, public funds received from state agencies that are completely separate from those listed in the federal sector. These grants vary by state and are awarded based on financial need.

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Even though these loans are not subsidized, interest rates are set by Congress, the programs are closely supervised, and they provide many protections that private loans rarely offer.

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repayment terms, making it easier for students to select payment methods that reflect their financial situation. There are federal loan programs that consider financial need.

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Some well-to-do colleges have need-based aid of their own to distribute, in addition to federal and state aid (if any). These colleges require, in addition to the FAFSA, the

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the school. Each college has a set amount of Perkins Loans for its students; there has been controversy over the formula that is used to apportion the loans to colleges.

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requires all post-secondary institutions receiving Title IV funds (federal funds for student aid) to post net price calculators on their websites by October 29, 2011.

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grants in that it requires students to take certain kinds of classes to get the grant, and then to do a certain kind of job to keep the grant from turning into a loan.

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are offered by private lenders (financial institutions). These loans typically have much higher interest rates, have fewer repayment/deferment options, cannot be

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Private and Employer Grants, grants provided by the private sector, for students who meet specific criteria for eligibility related to the private organization.

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200% of federal poverty line ($ 24,000 to $ 37,000). Need-based loans are capped at 25% of the in-state cost of attendance, regardless of state residency.

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Students with a family income below $ 60,000 will not have loans. Families with incomes over $ 60,000 will have their loans capped at about $ 14,500.

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Family income below $ 40,000: $ 1,500 per year; family income $ 40,000 to $ 80,000: $ 2,500 per year; family income above $ 80,000: $ 3,500 per year.

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The following types of federal financial aid are available to graduate and professional students. Aid for these students is primarily loans.

526:, and scholarships. In order to apply for federal financial aid, students must first complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid ( 3787: 2047: 1993: 1050: 241: 165: 3331: 2239:

McPherson, M. S. & Schapiro, M. O. (2002) "The Blurring Line between Merit and Need in Financial Aid" in Change, Vol. 34, No. 2, p. 42

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McPherson, M. S. & Schapiro, M. O. (2002) "The Blurring Line between Merit and Need in Financial Aid" in Change, Vol. 34, No. 2, p. 41

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McPherson, M. S. & Schapiro, M. O. (2002) "The Blurring Line between Merit and Need in Financial Aid" in Change, Vol. 34, No. 2, p. 40

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loan are non-need based loans available for both undergraduate and graduate students who do not qualify for need-based financial aid.

3673:"The Effects of Grant Aid on Student Persistence and Degree Attainment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Causal Evidence" 3377: 3059: 2986: 2904: 1010:

Education Grants (MMEG). Each organization has its own application process and eligibility criteria detailed on respective websites.

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need-based aid eligibility. At private institutions, a supplemental application may be necessary for institutional need-based aid.

441: 392: 3085: 2749: 1712: 382: 328: 170: 26: 3575: 2787: 2312: 1890: 437: 365: 148: 2633: 3825: 519: 445: 293: 195: 94: 84: 2603:, "Preparing for the Net Price Calculator: Avoid Potential Pitfalls by Taking These Steps Today," Haley Chitty, October 2009 2553: 2527: 1941: 1596: 1292: 350: 283: 212: 158: 136: 126: 3403: 3166: 3041: 1700: 3609: 3455: 1591:"Beginning in the 2008-09 academic year, need-based loans for all eligible students will be capped at $ 2,000 per year." 495: 370: 153: 116: 2407: 537:, whereby students are awarded money not based on merit or need, but on what the maximum the student families will pay. 2497: 2341: 1465: 1065: 271: 180: 121: 2575: 2261: 3305: 2369: 1601:

Students with need-based financial aid will have their loans capped at $ 15,900 for their four years of attendance.

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Changes in tuition and financial aid affect poorer students more than they affect students with higher incomes.

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Changes in financial aid affect students from community colleges more than students from four-year schools.

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Heller, Donald E. (1997). "Student Price Response in Higher Education: An Update to Leslie and Brinkman".

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students' other sources of funding and may adjust their financial aid packages accordingly. There is an

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In terms of race, changes in financial aid affects black students more than it affects white students.

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Undergraduates with family incomes less than $ 120,000 will have loans limited to $ 3,000 per year.

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The following colleges and universities offer such no-loan financial aid packages as of March 2008:

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As defined in The Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008, the net price calculator's purpose is:

3485: 2926: 2467: 1919: 1109: 975: 278: 1551:"Those whose families make between $ 60,000 and $ 75,000 will have 50% of their loans replaced." 1315: 1019: 3335: 1835: 1626: 1445: 829: 1971: 1795: 3714: 3637: 2879:"'You're still paying a lot of money': Brown eliminates student loans from its financial aid" 2429: 1728: 1546: 1425: 1335: 979: 900: 866: 667: 534: 251: 2125:"As colleges brace for financial aid appeals, there's a new tool to help students file them" 1637: 3429: 1985: 1683: 1375: 998:

One more option for students is to seek financial support from private foundations such as

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Institutional aid (i.e., institutional scholarships or graduate assistantships/fellowships)

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receive aid) and the institution's median need- and merit-based grant aid awarded.

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For undergraduate students there is the parent loan for undergraduate students or

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Challenges and Opportunities: Meeting the Federal Net Price Calculator Mandate

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scores. However, some scholarships may be awarded due to special talents like

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There are search engines available to find scholarships such as Peterson's,

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No-loan financial aid for families meeting these eligibility requirements:

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Effect of financial aid on enrollment, persistence, and degree attainment

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Graduate students may also be eligible for these financial aid programs:

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North Carolina resident with income less than 150% of the poverty line.

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Aid from other federal agencies (i.e., research grants or fellowships)

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officials give a presentation on financial aid to admitted students.

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there is financial aid still available for international students.

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resident with family incomes at or below the federal poverty line

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is funding that is available exclusively to students attending a

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Loan cap for students meeting these eligibility requirements:

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The financial aid process has been criticized for its part in

2335:"Financial Aid for Graduate and Professional Degree Students" 1717: 764: 740: 732: 556: 527: 2948: 2615:

by David Childress, Bill Smith, and Marc Alexander, May 2010

1699:

In Germany, the main source of student financial aid is the

3819: 1661:

Different factors have different effects on financial aid:

872: 769: 574:

Some examples of grants commonly applied for in the U.S.:

520:

post-secondary educational institution in the United States

2923:"News Release, News and Events, Claremont McKenna College" 2460:"Global Student Loan Community – Your Student Loan Guide" 2370:"International Student Financial Aid - Types - Resources" 1282: 858: 786: 2625:

Report and Suggestions from IPEDS Technical Review Panel

2459: 2979:"Columbia News ::: Columbia Expands Financial Aid" 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3671:

Nguyen, T.D., Kramer, J.W., & Evans, B.J. (2019).

2430:"Canadian Student Loan Program - CanHELP Student Loan" 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 2905:"Caltech Press Release, 12/11/2007, Jean-Lou Chameau" 2364: 2362: 889: 1450:

200% of federal poverty line ($ 24,000 to $ 37,000)

758: 3727: 1782: 1780: 1060:and Whitney Haring-Smith launched the free website 3771: 2359: 2123: 593:Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant 3244: 3242: 3161: 3159: 3036: 3034: 2258:Center for College Affordability and Productivity 1809:California Student Aid Commission (May 2, 2024). 722:merit-based, while grants tend to be need-based. 571:merit-based, while grants tend to be need-based. 3836: 2400:"International Students and the FAFSA - eduPASS" 2249:Martin, Robert E.; Gillen, Andrew (March 2011). 2017:"Williams moves to all grants for financial aid" 1777: 811:financial form, which goes into greater detail. 622: 3828:on the role of financial aid in admissions, at 2520:"Financial Aid for Canadian Students - eduPASS" 2121: 1117:residents with family income of up to $ 60,000 836: 16:Assistance for paying for education in the U.S. 3576:"Tuition and Financial Aid - Grinnell College" 3306:"Penn Admissions: Paying for a Penn Education" 3239: 3156: 3031: 2719:"A great new tool for comparing college costs" 2251:"How College Pricing Undermines Financial Aid" 2048:"The 10 best sites to search for scholarships" 3404:"Vanderbilt University: Expanded Aid Program" 2750:"Concealing the Calculus of Higher Education" 2187: 2185: 496: 3719:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3167:"Interpretations, TERP Magazine Winter 2005" 2667: 2665: 2550:"Student Loan Calculator (Free Online Tool)" 2340:. US Department of Education. Archived from 2283:"Will many low-income students be left out?" 2248: 2122:Douglas-Gabriel, Danielle (April 15, 2020). 1918:. US Department of Education. Archived from 1910: 1908: 1694: 1051:The Institute for College Access and Success 640: 3826:What College Admissions Offices Really Want 3486:"Wellesley College Increases Financial Aid" 2276: 2274: 1013: 3850:Student financial aid in the United States 2182: 1320:Family income lower than approx. $ 55,000 631: 516:Student financial aid in the United States 503: 489: 3696: 3656:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2818:"President Barack Obama Scholars Program" 2662: 1905: 940: 540: 70:History of education in the United States 2271: 1735:Transfer admissions in the United States 1678: 1641: 1076: 1056:After the requirement came into effect, 1041:necessarily be paying that full price." 1004:American Association of University Women 873:Non-need-based aid versus need-based aid 678:, and are not supervised by any agency. 2289:from the original on September 19, 2016 2193:"Need vs. Non-Need Based Financial Aid" 2014: 1713:College admissions in the United States 1002:, and non-profit organizations such as 3845:Education finance in the United States 3837: 3742: 3612:from the original on December 19, 2007 3384:from the original on February 29, 2008 2959:from the original on November 22, 2008 2876: 2828:from the original on September 1, 2022 2768:from the original on February 18, 2020 2747: 2703:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2654:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2556:from the original on September 1, 2021 2315:from the original on September 1, 2022 2079: 2045: 1996:from the original on September 1, 2022 1893:from the original on September 1, 2022 1848: 787:Application process for need-based aid 681: 3798:from the original on February 9, 2019 3556:from the original on January 28, 2019 3496:from the original on February 9, 2019 3466:from the original on February 9, 2019 3286:from the original on October 19, 2021 3114:from the original on February 9, 2019 3086:"Lafayette strengthens financial aid" 3019:from the original on January 23, 2019 2885:from the original on January 13, 2020 2729:from the original on February 9, 2019 2530:from the original on February 9, 2019 2500:from the original on February 9, 2019 2470:from the original on October 22, 2021 2440:from the original on February 9, 2019 2410:from the original on February 9, 2019 2153: 2151: 2117: 2115: 2075: 2073: 2058:from the original on February 9, 2019 1752: 95:History of education in New York City 85:History of education in Massachusetts 3526:from the original on August 28, 2019 3195:from the original on January 2, 2019 3144:from the original on August 24, 2019 2858:from the original on October 8, 2018 2280: 1597:University of Maryland, College Park 1293:University of Maryland, College Park 3332:"Pomona College : News@Pomona" 2989:from the original on March 14, 2008 2788:"www.collegeknowledgechallenge.org" 2170:from the original on April 19, 2020 2157: 2136:from the original on April 19, 2020 2100:from the original on April 19, 2020 2027:from the original on April 13, 2022 1916:"Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans" 585:as calculated using the FAFSA data. 13: 3436:from the original on April 1, 2008 3260:from the original on April 3, 2015 2627:#26 prepared by RTI International 2380:from the original on June 11, 2016 2148: 2112: 2070: 1765:from the original on July 31, 2022 1466:Washington University in St. Louis 1071: 890:Graduate and professional students 613: 14: 3861: 3813: 2792:www.collegeknowledgechallenge.org 2203:from the original on May 26, 2016 2086:The Chronicle of Higher Education 2015:Jaschik, Scott (April 12, 2022). 1849:McBain, Lesley (September 2011). 1701:Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz 814: 759:Financial aid application process 2748:Lieber, Ron (January 15, 2016). 2494:www.internationalstudentloan.com 2434:www.internationalstudentloan.com 2046:Speers, Sean (January 6, 2016). 1213:Dharma Realm Buddhist University 662: 472: 461: 90:History of education in Missouri 80:History of education in Kentucky 3822:. U.S. Department of Education. 3745:The Journal of Higher Education 3664: 3624: 3594: 3568: 3538: 3508: 3478: 3448: 3422: 3396: 3370: 3352:Expanded Financial Aid Program" 3342: 3324: 3298: 3272: 3221: 3207: 3177: 3126: 3096: 3078: 3052: 3001: 2971: 2941: 2915: 2897: 2877:Hooten, Kyle (April 25, 2019). 2870: 2840: 2810: 2780: 2741: 2711: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2568: 2542: 2512: 2482: 2452: 2422: 2392: 2327: 2301: 2242: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2080:Hoover, Eric (April 15, 2020). 2039: 2008: 1978: 1703:, colloquially known as BAFöG. 1326:North Carolina State University 708: 649: 75:History of education in Chicago 3677:Review of Educational Research 1964:"Federal Versus Private Loans" 1956: 1934: 1875: 1842: 1820: 1802: 1753:Carey, Kevin (July 25, 2022). 1746: 1720:Financial Aid Services Company 1237:Annual income below $ 100,000 1197:Annual income below $ 100,000 936:Non-institutional scholarships 770:The student's financial "need" 410:Full-service community schools 1: 3516:"How Is Wesleyan Affordable?" 1986:"Education Loans - Resources" 1740: 1500:$ 40,000 (VA residents only) 1470:Annual Income below $ 60,000 1456:Washington and Lee University 1440:Annual income below $ 60,000 1420:Annual income below $ 40,000 1390:Annual income below $ 80,000 1350:200% of federal poverty line 1297:Maryland resident with 0 EFC 1287:Annual income below $ 75,000 1277:Annual income below $ 50,000 1267:Annual income below $ 50,000 1227:Annual income below $ 40,000 1187:Annual income below $ 75,000 1147:Annual income below $ 60,000 950:For example, schools such as 930:State aid (i.e., state loans) 690: 687:for private education loans. 623:Federal student loan programs 2158:Wan, Tony (April 15, 2020). 1217:No max income; all students 1167:No max income; all students 837:Non-need-based financial aid 794:U.S. Department of Education 583:Expected Family Contribution 7: 3042:"New Financial Aid Support" 1706: 1526: 1496:College of William and Mary 1410:Anyone with financial need 1091:Post-secondary institution 388:For-profit higher education 10: 3866: 3013:financialaid.dartmouth.edu 1356:University of Pennsylvania 1017: 960:University of Pennsylvania 762: 697:Federal Work-Study Program 341:School corporal punishment 1695:Outside the United States 1647:The College of New Jersey 1303:Michigan State University 1153:Claremont McKenna College 641:Direct unsubsidized loans 545: 376:School-to-work transition 3689:10.3102/0034654319877156 3104:"Lehigh University News" 2848:"News - Bowdoin College" 1110:Arizona State University 1014:College cost calculators 479:United States portal 25:This article is part of 3254:nobarriers.uchicago.edu 1316:Northwestern University 1020:College cost calculator 632:Direct subsidized loans 197:Education policy issues 166:Environmental education 3792:www.insidehighered.com 3645:Cite journal requires 1650: 1627:University of Virginia 1446:University of Virginia 1034: 941:International students 830:asymmetric information 550:In the United States, 541:Types of financial aid 334:Standards-based reform 309:Gender achievement gap 299:Racial achievement gap 232:Educational attainment 3462:. February 20, 2008. 3048:on December 13, 2007. 1788:"Federal Pell Grants" 1729:Student financial aid 1684:Need-blind admissions 1679:Need-blind admissions 1645: 1547:University of Chicago 1426:Vanderbilt University 1336:University of Chicago 1077:No-loan financial aid 1030: 980:University of Chicago 901:private student loans 867:athletic scholarships 668:Private student loans 535:enrollment management 400:Research universities 267:Student financial aid 262:Graduate unemployment 237:Post-secondary issues 213:Primary and secondary 176:Mathematics education 3550:studentaid.emory.edu 3410:on November 23, 2008 3235:on October 23, 2007. 3173:on October 23, 2007. 3110:. November 6, 2017. 3092:on January 29, 2009. 1922:on February 15, 2017 1376:Princeton University 984:University of Oregon 468:Education portal 304:Desegregation busing 257:Elite overproduction 186:Vocational education 3820:Federal Student Aid 3280:"Carolina Covenant" 3066:on December 4, 2012 2881:. The College Fix. 2798:on January 21, 2013 2685:on January 25, 2013 2601:University Business 2526:. January 2, 2019. 2406:. January 2, 2019. 2130:The Washington Post 1968:Federal Student Aid 1946:Federal Student Aid 1887:Federal Student Aid 1832:Federal Student Aid 1792:Federal Student Aid 1486:Wesleyan University 1396:Stanford University 1173:Columbia University 964:University of Miami 751:(formerly known as 682:Consolidation loans 421:Levels of education 393:For-profit colleges 361:Foreign involvement 3830:The New York Times 2754:The New York Times 2281:Clemmitt, Marcia. 1651: 1607:Middlebury College 1557:Cornell University 1406:Swarthmore College 1253:Harvard University 1183:Cornell University 972:Cornell University 884:Harvard University 777:Cost of Attendance 579:Federal Pell Grant 383:Community colleges 329:School segregation 247:Cost and financing 171:Language education 3546:"Emory Advantage" 3490:web.wellesley.edu 3358:on March 13, 2012 3312:on March 14, 2008 2929:on March 22, 2008 2824:. June 17, 2013. 2347:on March 17, 2015 2285:. CQ Researcher. 2267:on June 26, 2011. 1952:on June 20, 2015. 1635: 1634: 1524: 1523: 1476:Wellesley College 1273:Lehigh University 1263:Lafayette College 1243:Haverford College 1193:Dartmouth College 1008:Margaret McNamara 745:The College Board 513: 512: 366:Special education 356:Sexual harassment 149:Medical education 103:Curriculum topics 39: 3857: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3784: 3769: 3768: 3740: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3710: 3700: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3582:on July 19, 2008 3578:. Archived from 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3406:. Archived from 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3354:. Archived from 3346: 3340: 3339: 3338:on July 4, 2008. 3334:. Archived from 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3308:. Archived from 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3231:. Archived from 3225: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3169:. Archived from 3163: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3088:. Archived from 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3062:. Archived from 3056: 3050: 3049: 3044:. Archived from 3038: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2983:www.columbia.edu 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2925:. Archived from 2919: 2913: 2912: 2911:on May 15, 2008. 2907:. Archived from 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2794:. Archived from 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2684: 2678:. Archived from 2677: 2669: 2660: 2659: 2653: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2636:on July 27, 2011 2632:. Archived from 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2582:on June 13, 2010 2578:. Archived from 2572: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2374:Go Financial Aid 2366: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2346: 2339: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2278: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2260:. Archived from 2255: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2197:Go Financial Aid 2189: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2155: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2127: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2021:Inside Higher Ed 2012: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1990:Go Financial Aid 1982: 1976: 1975: 1974:on May 14, 2015. 1970:. Archived from 1960: 1954: 1953: 1948:. Archived from 1938: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1912: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1838:on May 18, 2015. 1834:. Archived from 1828:"FSEOG (Grants)" 1824: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1798:on May 18, 2015. 1794:. Archived from 1784: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1750: 1587:Grinnell College 1577:Emory University 1535: 1534: 1506:Williams College 1416:Tufts University 1233:Emory University 1203:Davidson College 1133:Brown University 1088: 1087: 1066:Gates Foundation 988:Williams College 713:While the terms 702:Williams College 562:While the terms 505: 498: 491: 477: 476: 475: 466: 465: 405:Community school 324:Racial diversity 294:Achievement gaps 198: 60:in insular areas 42: 38:Education in the 37: 21: 20: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3835: 3834: 3816: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3786: 3785: 3772: 3757:10.2307/2959966 3741: 3728: 3712: 3711: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3602:"Financial Aid" 3600: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3165: 3164: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3108:www1.lehigh.edu 3102: 3101: 3097: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3040: 3039: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3009:"Financial Aid" 3007: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2852:www.bowdoin.edu 2846: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2723:www.cbsnews.com 2717: 2716: 2712: 2696: 2695: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2673:"Archived copy" 2671: 2670: 2663: 2647: 2646: 2639: 2637: 2630:"Archived copy" 2628: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2524:www.edupass.org 2518: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2404:www.edupass.org 2398: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2279: 2272: 2264: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2191: 2190: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2156: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2120: 2113: 2103: 2101: 2078: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2028: 2013: 2009: 1999: 1997: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1925: 1923: 1914: 1913: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1866: 1864: 1863:on May 12, 2013 1860: 1853: 1847: 1843: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1807: 1803: 1786: 1785: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1709: 1697: 1681: 1640: 1617:Rice University 1567:Duke University 1529: 1516:Yale University 1386:Rice University 1346:UNC Chapel Hill 1223:Duke University 1123:Bowdoin College 1100:Amherst College 1079: 1074: 1072:Debt vs. grants 1022: 1016: 1000:Ford Foundation 943: 892: 875: 839: 817: 789: 772: 767: 761: 753:College Prowler 711: 693: 684: 665: 652: 643: 634: 625: 616: 614:Education loans 548: 543: 509: 473: 471: 470: 460: 434:Early childhood 416: 351:School violence 284:Charter schools 196: 190: 159:Nursing degrees 137:Legal education 132:Music education 127:Civic education 65:By subject area 40: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3863: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3833: 3832: 3823: 3815: 3814:External links 3812: 3810: 3809: 3770: 3751:(6): 624–659. 3726: 3683:(6): 831–874. 3663: 3647:|journal= 3623: 3593: 3567: 3537: 3507: 3477: 3447: 3421: 3395: 3369: 3341: 3323: 3297: 3271: 3238: 3229:"Pack Promise" 3220: 3206: 3189:finaid.msu.edu 3176: 3155: 3125: 3095: 3077: 3051: 3030: 3000: 2970: 2940: 2914: 2896: 2869: 2839: 2809: 2779: 2740: 2710: 2661: 2617: 2605: 2593: 2567: 2541: 2511: 2481: 2451: 2421: 2391: 2358: 2326: 2300: 2270: 2241: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2181: 2147: 2111: 2069: 2038: 2007: 1977: 1955: 1933: 1904: 1874: 1841: 1819: 1801: 1776: 1759:Slate Magazine 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1696: 1693: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1520:No max income 1518: 1512: 1511: 1510:No max income 1508: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1460:No max income 1458: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1436:Vassar College 1432: 1431: 1430:No max income 1428: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1400:No max income 1398: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1380:No max income 1378: 1372: 1371: 1370:No max income 1368: 1366:Pomona College 1362: 1361: 1360:No max income 1358: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1340:No max income 1338: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1278: 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