Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

2616:. The meeting of the General Assembly turned out to be secret, even the press that was officially accredited under the WPA General Assembly was removed from the room. It was followed by something of the trial against the official Soviet psychiatry. The situation was quite unbalanced, to put it mildly. The six or seven members of the Russian delegation were seated in a row on the stage. As a result, there were no more available seats on the stage, and, thus, Gluzman and his interpreter had to stand at the foot of the stage, at least a meter below. It looked like seven against one and gave the visual impression of a lost battle. However, many members of the Congress sympathized with Gluzman, who agreed to participate in the debate with the Soviet delegation. In addition, the Soviet representatives made a very bad impression, repeating the standard Soviet propaganda that was completely opposing what had already been published in the Soviet press. Gluzman, on his part, was in his best shape. His story was not only sharp and clear but also he even showed compassion to the Soviet representatives who sat on the stage high above him. Perhaps, the WPA hoped that the debate would make opinions change in favour of the Soviets but the opposite happened. It has strengthened the view of their opponents that too few changes occurred in Soviet psychiatry to allow the return of the Soviet Society and that their statements were still dominated by lies. 2441:

strictly regulate all aspects of the provision of psychiatric care and prevent new political abuses of the keepers of ideological purity in Soviet community who wore white gowns. No less important task was to release the maximum number of political and religious prisoners from psychiatric hospitals. Something that seemed to Soviet psychiatric leaders to be impossible had to be promised to them so that they agree to conduct such an event. To that end, the government officials played up the need for the visit in every possible way by using the argument that its success, if any, would enable to resume Soviet membership in the World Psychiatric Association. The psychiatric leaders swallowed the bait. Later on, Andrei Kovalyov wrote about the attempts to intimidate him by psychiatric measures during the preparation of the event.

2681:, just chosen as President-Elect, proposed a resolution which included the statement read by Morozov, and then adding that within one year the Review Committee should visit the Soviet Union and that if evidence of continued political abuse of psychiatry were to be found, a special meeting of the General Assembly should be convoked to give consideration to suspension of membership of the Soviets. In the end, 291 votes were cast for the resolution, 45 against, with 19 abstentions. The Soviets were readmitted to the WPA under conditions and on the ground of having made a public confession of the existence of previous psychiatric abuse and having given a commitment to review any present or subsequent cases and to sustain and introduce reforms to the psychiatric system and new mental health legislation. 1512:

Snezhnevsky, a head of the Soviet delegation, in the Medvedev case. When speakers demanded that the Congress go on record against the confinement of dissidents in psychiatric hospitals, the Soviet delegation and Snezhnevsky instantly walked out. They said that they could not talk about the issue since the Congress lacked official interpretation into Russian. At this Congress, Western psychiatrists tried to censure their Soviet colleagues for the first time. But the charges of psychiatric abuse were new, the campaign was disorganized, and Snezhnevsky, who headed the Soviet delegation, remained unscathed. He said in rebuttal that the accusations were a "cold-war maneuver carried out at the hands of experts." The WPA General Secretary

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Congress and "anti-Soviet materials" from being spread in the main congress hall. In 1977 at the World Congress in Honolulu, Snezhnevsky again defended psychiatric practices used in his country. Two motions were put to the vote, a British one condemning the systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR and an American one calling on the World Psychiatric Association to constitute a review committee to investigate the allegations of political abuse of psychiatry. The British resolution passed with 90 to 88 votes and only because the Poles did not come and the Russians, having been tardy in their dues payments, were not allowed to cast all votes allocated to them. Some regarded the resolution as a

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not only political but any abuse of psychiatry. As it was emphasized, the WPA is not a human rights organization and the Review Committee should only examine complaints about specific acts of abuse carried out by specific psychiatrists against specific persons. The 1999 General Assembly modified the mandate of the Review Committee as follows: "The Review Committee shall review complaints and other issues and initiate investigations on the violations of the ethical guidelines for the practice of psychiatry as stated in the Declaration of Madrid and its additional guidelines in order to make recommendations to the Executive Committee as to any possible action."

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dissenters to mental hospitals. The allegations, confirmed by some Soviet psychiatrists who had fled or emigrated to the West, induced the World Psychiatric Association to condemn the USSR for the "systematic abuse of psychiatry for political purposes." Kremlin spokesmen ignored the action as a provocation "by a handful of antipsychiatric and antisocial elements" and began a propaganda campaign to contradict the accusations. The American resolution requesting to set up a Review Committee received a larger majority of votes, 121 votes against 66. Snezhnevsky returned to Moscow wounded, with members of his delegation putting the blame for their defeat on the "

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psychiatrists. Whereas the delegation originally sought interviews with 48 persons, it eventually saw 15 hospitalized and 12 discharged patients. About half of the hospitalized patients were released in the two months between the submission of the initial list of names to the Soviets authorities and the departure from the Soviet Union of the US delegation. The delegation came to the conclusion that nine of the 15 hospitalized patients had disorders which would be classified in the United States as serious psychoses, diagnoses corresponding broadly with those used by the Soviet psychiatrists. One of the hospitalized patients had been diagnosed as having

1552:, mainly on the ground that he had, with anti-Soviet intention, circulated false reports that mentally healthy political dissenters were incarcerated in mental hospitals and were subjected to abuse there. Action Group for the Defence of Human Rights stated that Bukosky was arrested as a direct result of his appeal to world's psychiatrists, thereby suggesting that now they held his destiny in their hands. In one of his books, Bukovsky attributed his punishment to the timorousness of the WPA Congress in Mexico City in 1972: "… as a result of the timorousness of the Congress, I was given 12 years of punishment "for slandering Soviet psychiatry"." 1239:, the term "punitive medicine", which is identified with "punitive psychiatry," is defined as "a tool in the struggle against dissidents who cannot be punished by legal means." Punitive psychiatry is neither a discrete subject nor a psychiatric specialty but, rather, it is an emergency arising within many applied sciences in totalitarian countries where members of a profession may feel themselves compelled to service the diktats of power. Psychiatric confinement of sane people is uniformly considered a particularly pernicious form of repression and Soviet punitive psychiatry was one of the key weapons of both illegal and legal repression. 1861:

Ethical Sub-Committee of the Executive Committee established in 1973 in response to the increasing number of protests against using psychiatry for non-medical reasons. One of the principles stated in the Declaration was that a psychiatrist must not take part in compulsory psychiatric treatment in the absence of mental disease, and the Declaration also included other clauses which could be considered as heaving a bearing on the political abuse psychiatry. The General Assembly accepted the Declaration of Hawaii without difficulty, and without opposition by the Delegation of the Soviets. However, the Declaration was later criticized by

2129: 1499:. In this letter published on 16 September 1971, they reported that four of the six dissidents manifested no signs or history of mental disease, and the other two had minor psychiatric problems many years ago, quite removed from the events related to their internment. The group of British psychiatrists concluded: "It seems to us that the diagnoses on the six people were made purely in consequence of actions in which they were exercising fundamental freedoms...". They recommended discussing the issue in the course of the forthcoming World Psychiatric Association (WPA) World Congress in 1833:, deputy head of the Fifth Directorate of the KGB (which dealt, inter alia, with dissenters), with the support of deputy head of the First Division of the Fifth Directorate Colonel Romanov who, according to the report, would travel with the Soviet delegation to Honolulu as "political advisor". The minutes of the meeting demonstrate that Western preparations for the Honolulu World Congress were under the Soviet concern in which the leading part was played by the KGB of the Soviet Union. Not long before the World Congress, a high-level conference was held in 2250:

families of patients and had never received a response from the authorities. In the statement, he mentioned that 20 cases were referred over to the World Psychiatric Association for further investigation by their committee to review alleged abuses of psychiatry for political purposes and a number of these cases were sent to the All Union Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists of the USSR for clarification and response, but when months and months went by and the World Psychiatric Association had received no response from Soviet colleagues, the

2793:, "All this democracy will soon run out, guys who will come to power, will start repression, and you, Dr. Gluzman, and I will have a hard time. So let's at least get these guys blocked from this possibility and adopt a civilized law eliminating the possibility of psychiatric repression!" At a meeting held by the Health Committee of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the autumn of 1991, the Law was approved, particularly in the speeches by the four members of the WPA commission, but this event was followed by the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 1865:, who found its ethical guideline No 1 to be misleading and stated that when health, personal autonomy and growth—without referring to mental illness—were formulated as the direct aim of psychiatry, the menace of vast expansion of psychiatry would increase and that the renunciation of an illness concept appeared to be an essential source for the 'total psychiatrisation of everybody and everything' which was also deplored by Blomquist in his commentary. At the plenary session, an Ethics Committee was also established under the chairmanship of 1958:

asserted overtly that they would not collaborate with the Review Committee, and they confirmed their stance in three letters, in which they claimed that the Review Committee was an "illegal formation," that they would continue not to acknowledge its existence and that no cooperation could be expected. That stance would remain unaltered over the years to come. Finally, the Review Committee was largely made powerless when the President and General Secretary of the WPA decided to bypass it and began to communicate with the Soviets directly.

2624:, a Dutch delegate Roelof ten Doesschate, an American delegate Harold Visotsky, and a German delegate Johannes Meyer-Lindenberg. The situation was unique: the World Congress is continuing, the press is agog, the WPA Executive Committee has been moved to the side, and the four delegates are carrying on negotiations with Yuri Reshetov, who is in constant contact with Moscow, receiving instructions. In this way, the "full independence" of Soviet psychiatry from the state apparatus has once again been demonstrated. 1923:. In 1977, the Commission created a "Sub-Commission to study, with a view to formulating guidelines, if possible, the question of the protection of those detained on the grounds of mental ill-health against treatment that might adversely affect the human personality and its physical and intellectual integrity." The Sub-Commission subsequently appointed its two Special Rapporteurs the primary task to "determine whether adequate grounds existed for detaining persons on the grounds of mental ill-health." 2836:. Can it be reborn? Certainly. Those who consider themselves "statists" (that is those for whom the state is everything and a person is nothing), at least, would not surely object to this. It took years of intense struggle to eliminate punitive psychiatry. For its rebirth, it is enough to have not even evil will (which though cannot be ruled out, especially on the part of those who would improve their positions in society and get more power in that way) but a simple thoughtlessness, error, blunder. 1977: 15154: 14018: 691: 2500:, Supplement to Vol. 15, No. 4, 1989. The report by the American psychiatrists, who inspected a number of Soviet psychiatric hospitals in March 1989, remained secret for all ordinary psychiatrists of the country. It reached the point of absurdity when the administration of the special hospitals visited by the American doctors sent the WPA a request to send them the report from the USA. The American part has translated the obtained Soviet reply into Russian but even the action has not made the 885:, created the very preconditions under which non-standard beliefs could easily be transformed into a criminal case, and it, in its turn, into a psychiatric diagnosis. Anti-Soviet political behavior, in particular, being outspoken in opposition to the authorities, demonstrating for reform, writing books were defined in some persons as being simultaneously a criminal act (e.g., violation of Articles 70 or 190-1), a symptom (e.g., "delusion of reformism"), and a diagnosis (e.g., " 1397:"In recent years in our country a number of court orders have been made involving the placing in psychiatric hospitals ("of special type" and otherwise) of people who in the opinion of their relatives and close friends are mentally healthy. These people are: Grigorenko, Rips, Gorbanevskaya, Novodvorskaya, Yakhimovich, Gershuni, Fainberg, Victor Kuznetsov, Iofe, V. Borisov and others – people well known for their initiative in defence of civil rights in the U.S.S.R. 15190: 1605:, stated that talk in the West of the forced commitment of certain dissident representatives of the intelligentsia to psychiatric hospitals was "a component part of the anti-Soviet propaganda campaign that certain circles are trying to stir up in pursuit of highly improper political aims." In 2013, Robert van Voren, who participated in the struggle against abuse of Soviet psychiatry, confirmed that supporting Soviet dissidents was part of anti-Soviet policy. 14030: 15142: 828: 15178: 2628:

Schulzinger, the incumbent General Secretary, decided to run for the presidency. Candidates were asked to submit their nominations and accompany them by a short speech and explanation why they would be the best choice. Schulzinger went first. His speech began quietly, but soon he got excited, especially when it came to the issue of the membership of the Soviets. To the surprise of delegates, he accused his contestants of being funded by the

1624: 2574:, who played a prominent part in the press conference, answered hesitatingly that "such cases" could have taken place during the period of stagnation "but there was a need to distinguish between psychiatric, legal and political aspects." Koryagin persevered with his challenge and countered that these answers failed to clarify whether an acknowledgment was being made that Soviet psychiatry had been misused for political reasons. 2066:. The task stated by the commission was not primarily to diagnose persons or to declare people who sought help mentally ill or mentally healthy. However, in some instances individuals who came for help to the commission were examined by a psychiatrist who provided help to the commission and made a precise diagnosis of their mental condition. At first it was psychiatrist Alexander Voloshanovich from the Moscow suburb of 15166: 1365: 2805:

basically new attitude to the mentally ill as persons reserving all their civil and political rights and freedoms. In 1993, when the IPA printed the Law in 50 thousand copies for the general reader, quite a number of heads of the Moscow psychoneurologic dispensaries refused to circulate the Law. Over time, these difficulties were overcome. It became obligatory to know the Law to pass the certification exam.

2121:, it became evident to him that Soviet officials at high levels paid close attention to foreign responses to these cases, and if someone was discharged, all dissidents felt the pressure had played a significant part and the more foreign pressure the better. Over fifty victims examined by psychiatrists of the Moscow Working Commission between 1977 and 1981 and the files smuggled to the West by 1556: 2534:

necessary to show that it is not society that needs to be protected from the mentally ill, but the ill need to be protected from society as a whole, not only from the authorities; fourth, it was necessary to overcome rigidity and inhumane nature of modern domestic psychiatry detached from its old roots and, at the same time, artificially isolated from Western humanistic trends.

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victims of the abuse still remained in mental hospitals, and that the Soviet authorities and particularly the Soviet Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists still denied that psychiatry had been employed as a method of repression. On 17 July 1989, William Farrand, Peter Reddaway, and Darrel Regier expounded the findings of their report in the TV interview

8337:Расширенная судебно-психиатрическая заочная экспертиза по делу Григоренко Петра Григорьевича, 1907 г.р., украинца, жителя г. Москвы (восстановлено на основании копии Самиздата) [A comprehensive in absentia psychiatric opinion on the case of Grigorenko Pyotr Grigoryevich, b. 1907, a Ukrainian, Moscow resident (restored on the basis of a Samizdat copy)] 1800:. The plans they worked out consisted in, inter alia, compiling documents with counterarguments for being spread before and during the World Congress; actively lobbying the media for explaining the human nature of Soviet medicine; actively lobbying inside the World Psychiatric Association for preventing the issue from being put on the agenda; lobbying the 1905:, who was the head of a section of the Serbsky Institute for six years and first secretary of the Association of Soviet Psychiatrists until he left the Soviet Union in June 1977. In his statement, he said that political abuses of psychiatry took place in the Soviet Union and that it was not the scale of this that mattered, but the fact that it existed. 9644:Кому выгоден миф о карательной психиатрии? (Пресс-конференция проф. З.И. Кекелидзе в связи с направлением на принудительное лечение оппозиционера Михаила Косенко) [For whom is the myth of punitive psychiatry profitable? (Press conference of prof. Z.I. Kekelidze in connection with sending oppositionist Mikhail Kosenko to compulsory treatment)] 2749:

in one case and reported that there was still a wide gap between Soviet criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and those used internationally in other countries. Of the six individuals committed to a Special Psychiatric Hospital, four of the cases were distinctly of a political nature and of these four, three had never been mentally sick.

861:, psychiatry was used as a tool to eliminate political opponents ("dissidents") who openly expressed beliefs that contradicted official dogma. The term "philosophical intoxication" was widely used to diagnose mental disorders in cases where people disagreed with leaders and made them the target of criticism that used the writings by 2821:

Psychiatry to roll back some reforms in Russia's landmark 1992 law on mental health. In 2004, Pavel Tishchenko said that government, with fright in a sense, copied many provisions of Western standards concerning the patients' rights into Russian legislation and included the right to get information, the right to choose a doctor in

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were monstrous things: for example, one of the patients was refused to be discharged from the hospital until he had renounced his religious convictions, for which he was hospitalized. During their visit to the USSR, the American psychiatrists acquainted themselves with cases that included such "crimes": human rights activism, the

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In January 1983, the number of member associations of the World Psychiatry Association, voting for the suspension or expulsion of the Soviet Union, rose to nine. Inasmuch as these associations would have half the votes in the WPA governing body, the Soviets was now, in January, almost sure to be voted out in July.

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readings of amendments and additions to the Law, but the IPA and general public managed to successfully challenge these amendments, and they were finally tabled. In 2004, proponents of mental health reform could hardly prevent the effort by the doctors of the Serbsky Institute for Social and Forensic

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In Russia, the enactment of its Mental Health Law took place under dramatic circumstances despite the need for the Law because of an 80-year delay, after which the Law passed by Russia as against all developed countries, and despite dimensions of political abuse of psychiatry which were unprecedented

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On 17th October 1989 the All Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the USSR, which counts among its members criminal psychiatrists, guilty of psychiatric abuses for political purposes, was readmitted to the World Psychiatric Association. As I do not wish to be a member of an organization

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although the US team saw no evidence of mental disorder. Among the 12 discharged patients examined, the US delegation found that nine had no evidence of any current or past mental disorder; the remaining three had comparatively slight symptoms which would not usually warrant involuntary commitment in

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were speakers at the event. The large room in a rather posh hotel in Rome was completely empty. "When will people come?" the speakers asked and were given the answer, "They will not come. It is all arranged for radio broadcasts, and we will imagine that there are people here." The speakers alone were

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in July 1983. On 31 January 1983, the All-Union Society officially resigned from the World Psychiatric Association under threat of expulsion. In their letter of resignation, the Soviets complained about a "slanderous campaign, blatantly political in nature... directed against Soviet psychiatry in the

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psychiatrist Anatoly Koryagin. Koryagin's contribution was to examine former and potential victims of political abuse of psychiatry by writing psychiatric diagnoses in which he deduced that the individual was not suffering from any mental disease. Those reports were employed as a means of defense: if

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believes the divulgation of the Principles has the potential to be a barrier against the type of governmental malfeasance that is epitomized by the Soviet experience. According to George Alexander, the Principles are far better than other work of the United Nations on the issue but it is unclear what

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said that the WPA was under no obligation to accept complaints from one member society directed against another member society, and he informed Snezhnevsky of the complaints and sent him the "Bukovsky Papers." Leigh proposed to constitute a committee for considering the ethical aspects of psychiatric

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I realize that at a distance and without the essential clinical information it is very difficult to determine the mental condition of a person and either to diagnose an illness or assert the absence of any illness. Therefore I ask you to express your opinion on only this point: do the above-mentioned

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wrote that the All Union Society made in the General Assembly a Statement that included five items, several of which was not yet fulfilled, and that thereby, the Executive Committee unanimously agreed that it would not recommend continuing membership of the society in June 1993. Less than two months

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When it came to the climax, almost all Soviet psychiatrists, including Marat Vartanyan, were ignored by the Congress, and the leading role in the Soviet delegation has been now openly taken by not a psychiatrist but the diplomat Yuri Reshetov, the Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister of the Soviet Union.

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The WPA Executive Committee decided to organize the Extraordinary General Assembly for the debate between the Soviet dissident psychiatrist Dr. Semyon Gluzman and the representatives of the Soviet delegation. After that, it was said, by the lips of the President of the Congress, a Greek psychiatrist

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period diminished the human rights movement because many of their decades-long concerns such as suppression of free expression, imprisonment of dissidents, and psychiatric abuse were no longer the main problems facing Soviet society. 1986 saw the discharge of nineteen political prisoners from mental

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However, later, at the General Assembly during the World Congress in Vienna in 1983, the status and work of the Review Committee were discussed and it was resolved to allow the committee to become statutory. The General Assembly resolved further to change the Committee scope towards complaints about

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In August 1978, Americans donated $ 50,000 for the establishment of the Review Committee and, by doing so, showed their commitment to the project. The President Jules Masserman, when submitting the donation, asked that the Review Committee be established without delay "for the sake of many political

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That the WPA take note of the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes and that it condemn those practices in all countries where they occur and call upon the professional organisations of psychiatrists in those countries to renounce and expunge those practices from their country, and that the WPA

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wrote, the Armenian Vartanyan was as slick as one could be, and had no problem lying in the twinkling of an eye. He was masterful in his dealings with the WPA and continued to represent the Soviet Union at symposiums and congresses of the WPA. Being in grain hospitable, flamboyant, full of humor and

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Taking advantage of the fact that I have managed to obtain exact copies of the diagnostic reports made by the forensic-psychiatric groups who examined Grigorenko, Fainberg, Gorbanevskaya, Borisov and Yakhimovich, and also extracts from the diagnosis on V. Kuznetsov, I am sending you these documents,

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The WPA team spent three weeks in the Soviet Union, from 9 to 29 June 1991,and saw ten cases, all of which had been diagnosed by Soviet psychiatrists as having schizophrenia. When reviewed case notes and the results of their own interviews, the WPA team confirmed the diagnosis of schizophrenia only

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The Soviet delegates returned to Moscow jubilantly. At the Moscow airport, they told the press that there have not been and are no abuses of psychiatry in the Soviet Union and that the USSR has been admitted to the WPA firmly and unconditionally. In an interview with a Soviet television crew, Marat

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The American psychiatrists were primarily interested in patients who had passed through psychiatric examinations at the Serbsky Institute. Their clinical charts were classified secrets. The psychiatric examinations were conducted by academicians and eminent professors. In the clinical charts, there

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If the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR does not adequately respond to all enquiries from the World Psychiatric Association regarding the issue of psychiatric abuse in that country by 1 April 1983, that the All-Union Society should be suspended from membership in

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on 20 September 1983, the national associations justly held the opinion that 10 years of mild public protests, quiet diplomacy, and private conversations with Soviet official psychiatrists had produced no significant change in the level of Soviet abuses, and that this approach had, thereby, failed.

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in 1978, charged Snezhnevsky with involvement in the abuse and recommended that Snezhnevsky, who had been honoured as a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, be invited to attend the college's Court of Electors to answer criticisms because he was responsible for the compulsory

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This resolution of the WPA is unprecedented in that it was the first time that an international professional association specifically condemned a great power. This resolution was the climax of a lengthy campaign in the West to expose the Soviet practice of committing some of its political and other

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However, all this activity of the Soviets could not prevent the issue from dominating the Congress from the very outset. At the first plenary session of the Congress, the introduction of the Declaration of Hawaii took place. This statement of ethical principles of psychiatry had been drafted by the

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his report informing of "anti-Soviet campaign with nasty fabrications regarding the alleged use psychiatry in the USSR as an instrument in the political struggle with 'dissidents'." The report alleged that the campaign was a carefully planned anti-Soviet action in which a noticeable part was played

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for Chief Administration for Corrective Labor Camps, the penitentiary system in the Stalin years) was an effective instrument of political repression and there was no compelling requirement to develop an alternative and expensive psychiatric substitute. The abuse of psychiatry was a natural product

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The psychiatric incarceration was conducted to suppress emigration, distribution of prohibited documents or books, participation in civil rights actions and demonstrations, and involvement in forbidden religious activity. The religious faith of prisoners, including well-educated former atheists who

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is regarded as an epoch-making event in the history of domestic psychiatry, as establishing the legal basis for psychiatric care, and, first of all, mediating all involuntary measures through judicial procedure. That is a major post-Soviet achievement of Russian psychiatry and the foundation for a

2739:

The 1983–1989 years with perfect clearness confirmed the fact that psychiatry is politics regardless of whether someone likes the fact or not. The WPA leadership expanded that they tried not to admit politics to psychiatry, but for all that the result of their actions and their secret negotiations

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There is no question of the morality of the WPA position. The hand of friendship was extended to not thousands of ordinary Soviet psychiatrists but all the same "leading specialists" who had doomed healthy people to the torments of forced treatment. They have been charitably offered to voluntarily

2627:

The WPA Executive Committee moved the Soviet issue to the end of the agenda. At first, they conducted long debates about the whole range of procedural problems, small amendments to statutes and other issues, then they went on to the elections of the WPA Executive Committee that led to a stir. Fini

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had to take on human rights functions in addition to educational ones: first, it was necessary to uncover the ideological basis on which the Soviet psychiatry carried out its punitive activities; second, it was necessary to develop legal norms which would forever prevent such abuses; third, it was

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When returned home after a visit of more than two weeks, the delegation wrote its report which was pretty damaging to the Soviet authorities. The delegation established not only that there had taken place systematic political abuse of psychiatry but also that the abuse had not come to an end, that

1616:, in which they provided potential future victims of political psychiatry with instructions on how to behave during inquest in order to avoid being diagnosed as mentally sick. The Manual focuses on how "the Soviet use of psychiatry as a punitive means is based upon the deliberate interpretation of 1478:

smuggled to the West a file of 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatry. The documents were photocopies of forensic reports on prominent Soviet dissidents. These documents were attended with a letter by Bukovsky requesting Western psychiatrists to explore the six cases documented in

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who spoke against the human rights abuses in the Soviet Union. Gluzman came to the conclusion that Grigorenko was mentally sane and had been taken to mental hospitals for political reasons. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Gluzman was forced to serve seven years in labor camps and three years in

2704:

Deeply shocked, Anatoly Koryagin, who had considered the statement by the Soviets as completely hypocritical and insincere and had not thought that the Soviets would be permitted to return, officially renounced his Honorary Membership of the WPA by submitting on 8 November 1989 to the WPA General

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The negotiations with the Soviets continued even during the General Assembly. They were offered the last chance: if they want to return, they have to read out the message that they plead guilty; otherwise, they will not have been admitted. The intensive communication with Moscow did not stop, the

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at the hearing, the committee on behalf of certain persons had written hundreds of letters to the USSR, including those to authorities of the Soviet Government, to patients themselves, the families of patients, the psychiatrists who were treating these patients, but only indirectly heard from the

1957:

From the very first day, the Soviets refused to recognize its existence. Originally they attempted to prevent its establishment, maintaining that it would divert the WPA from its major function, namely the exchange of scientific ideas. When the Review Committee was constituted, the Soviet society

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The Soviet issue passed the General Assembly less easily. The Soviets did all possible to prove their point, and according to the report of the Soviet delegation, Marat Vartanyan had successfully prevented former Soviet political prisoner Leonid Plyushch from being registered as a delegate at the

1420:

For a healthy person there is no fate more terrible than indefinite internment in a mental hospital. I believe that you will not remain indifferent to this problem and will devote a portion of your time to it – just as physicists find time to combat the use of the achievements of their science in

2808:

However, article 38, which was once included in the Law as a guarantee of keeping the whole Law for patients of psychiatric hospitals, is still not working, and, as a result, the service independent of health authorities to defend rights of patients in psychiatric hospitals is still not created.

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The World Psychiatric Association would welcome the return of the All-Union Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists of the USSR to membership of the Association, but would expect sincere co-operation and concrete evidence beforehand of amelioration of the political abuse psychiatry in the

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The visit was initiated by Soviet government officials, including Andrei Kovalyov, on domestic political grounds. A powerful external impact was needed to have reasons to give a new spurt to restructuring psychiatry. The main thing was to make the decision to develop an effective law that would

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The Soviet authorities responded aggressively. Members of the group were being threatened, followed, subjected to house searches and interrogations. In the end, the members of the commission were subjected to various terms and types of punishments: Alexander Podrabinek was sentenced to 5 years'

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adopted the final document. In the view of Richard Gosden, it is principally designed to protect the rights of voluntary patients, not involuntary patients. The problems of involuntary patients are addressed by the document in a way that tends to undermine their rights rather than protect them.

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On 16 October, the Soviet delegation convened a press conference. The panel was uniformly evasive and defensive. After a detailed and lengthy account by Karpov of Soviet psychiatric reforms in which he emphasized the specialities of the new mental health legislation and in particular the legal

5837:

Abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union: hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, September 20,

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carried a resolution in which it reiterated its concern over the abuse of psychiatry for the suppression of dissent in the USSR and applauded the Soviet citizens, who had taken an open stance against such abuse, by expressing its admiration and support especially for Semyon Gluzman, Alexander

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was carried out. The coup failed and was followed by the dissolution of the USSR. As a consequence, the All Union Society remained without a country to represent. The USSR Federation of Psychiatrists and Narcologists officially resigned from the World Psychiatric Association in October 1992.

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The diagnoses of the psychiatrists who have served as expert witnesses in court, and on whose diagnoses the court orders are based, provoke many doubts as regards their content. However, only specialists in psychiatry can express authoritative opinions about the degree of legitimacy of these

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insisted that the Soviet Society should not be admitted until specific conditions had been satisfied; these included the release of all dissidents unjustifiably detained in psychiatric hospitals, and the dissociation by the authorities from the past abuse and their obligation to prevent its

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The delegation was able systematically to interview and assess present and past involuntarily admitted mental patients chosen by the visiting team, as well as to talk over procedures and methods of treatment with some of the patients, their friends, relatives and, sometimes, their treating

1926:

The UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care was published more than a decade later. The final version of the Principles had been so repeatedly massaged and rewritten by numerous committees dominated by psychiatrists that

1511:

The Congress in Mexico City was held on 28 November — 4 December 1971. The statement of the forty-four British psychiatrists was circulated to the 7000 delegates in English, Spanish, and French. There were statements from the Soviet Human Rights Committee describing the part played by

6014:

Review of the 37th session and upcoming 38th session of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights: hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, ninety-seventh congress, first session, November 16,

2184:

sent out to all member societies of the World Psychiatric Association a memorandum announcing their intention to organize a forum for discussing the issue of Soviet psychiatric abuse prior to the General Assembly in Vienna. On 18 January 1983, the Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the

1544:

The failure to debate the issue opened the door for Soviet authorities to adjudge Bukovsky to 12 years of camp and exile, and to enlarge the use of psychiatry as a tool of repression. In January 1972, Bukovsky was convicted of spreading anti-Soviet propaganda under Article 70 of the

2730:

carried a report on 19 October which did not mention any of the conditions while asserting that the All Union Society had been granted full membership. The dissemination of disinformation on the part of the Soviets had distinctly not yet come to an end. Only on 27 October 1989,

5977:

Psychiatric abuse of political prisoners in the Soviet Union: testimony by Leonid Plyushch: hearing before the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fourth Congress, second session, March 30,

2620:

It is clear that the game is now being played at the highest level with the direct participation of the political elite in Moscow. On the other part, there has been formed the small group of negotiators composed of a British delegate and the President of the Royal College

2293:. The debate was preceded by a discussion of various resolutions which had been submitted, but the state of affairs was so perplexing that some delegates did not even know which resolution they were asked to vote upon. Finally a resolution drafted by the British delegate 2612:

Costas Stefanis, that the debate could not take place because Gluzman represented nobody, did not officially work as a psychiatrist and was not a member of the Independent Psychiatric Association in Moscow. A few hours later, Gluzman managed to have himself presented by

2220:

with the support indicated by many of its other members proposed resolutions for the expulsion or suspension of membership of the Soviet Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists, which would be considered at the World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association in

2577:

Koryagin stated that the readmission would offer carte blanche to the KGB to continue its repressive practices, that there would be further abuse of psychiatry, and that the plight of prisoners would be hopeless. He proposed the four conditions for the readmission:

2647:

The Soviet delegation to the 1989 World Congress of the WPA in Athens eventually agreed to admit that the systematic abuse of psychiatry for political purposes had indeed taken place in their country. At the Congress, the Soviet Society's International Secretary

2201:

in which it said that the abnormal situation which had developed within the World Psychiatric Association put in effect its whole activity in question and that for this reason, All-Union Society took the decision to withdraw from the WPA. On 22 January 1983, the

1723: 2043:. The commission was composed of five open members and several anonymous ones, including a few psychiatrists who, at great danger to themselves, conducted their own independent examinations of cases of alleged psychiatric abuse. The leader of the commission was 2272:

where heated discussion and a close vote on the resolutions were anticipated. The General Assembly of the World Psychiatric Association in Vienna was likely one of the most tense and disorganized meetings in its existence. Some delegates, especially those from

1227:

and committal of citizens to psychiatric facilities based upon political rather than mental health-based criteria. Many authors, including psychiatrists, also use the terms "Soviet political psychiatry" or "punitive psychiatry" to refer to this phenomenon.

2735:

reported the conditions set by the WPA General Assembly. When more than a year and a half has passed since the decision of the Athens Congress to re-admit the Soviets to the WPA, leading psychiatrists in the USSR continued to deny that abuse took place.

2504:

declassify the documents. As far as Robert van Voren could establish, the report was never published in the USSR. Only after twenty years, in 2009, the report was translated into Russian, and its Russian version was published not in Russia but in the

1804:

for exerting pressure on the WPA not to allow this unacceptable anti-Soviet campaign; and establishing closer working relations with positively inclined colleagues in the West. In February 1977, representatives of the secret services of the USSR, the

2213: 9436: 1695: 8478: 6151:Казнимые сумасшествием: Сборник документальных материалов о психиатрических преследованиях инакомыслящих в СССР [The executed by madness: a collection of documentary materials about psychiatric persecutions of dissenters in the USSR] 2825:. After the embarrassment of the 1990s, when Russian Constitution and many laws have been invested—mainly from abroad—with very good principles that protect the rights of individual citizens, including patients, now a reversal is underway. 2719:

No, that is wrong information, which you received from somewhere. There were no conditions. We set the conditions. That is, we proposed… eh… the Executive Committee of the WPA to come to us on an official visit to the Soviet Union within a

2781:

in history and were being persistently denied for two decades from 1968 to 1988. When Soviet rule was coming to an end, the decision to develop the Mental Health Law was taken from above and under the threat of economic sanctions from the

1443:, the main organ of Soviet human rights movement, has started publishing systematic information on how dissidents were being committed to psychiatric hospitals and forcibly, and often very painfully, treated with drugs. President of the 2194: 1953:

The proposed statute read, "The Committee to Review the Abuse of Psychiatry will be appointed by the Executive Committee and shall have the responsibility to review individual complaints. Its activities will not be limited in time."

2526: 2372: 1329:

of the later Soviet era. From the mid-1970s to the 1990s, the structure of mental health service conformed to the double standard in society, that of two separate systems which peacefully co-existed despite conflicts between them:

2289:, and the GDR angrily appealed to the WPA Executive Committee not to accept the resignation of the Soviets, whereas others voiced the view that it was a fact of life one had to live with, an opinion supported by the WPA President 2740:

with the Moscow psychiatric leadership was exactly opposing: it has given the green light to carefully organized interventions from the Moscow political leadership supported by the active participation of the Stasi and the KGB.

2343:

In 1988, hundreds of thousands of persons with mental disorders were removed from the psychiatric register at psychoneurological dispensaries and discharged from psychiatric hospitals to the satisfaction of world public and the

15255: 2230:' against the Soviet Union" and, being especially angry about the memorandum of the American Psychiatric Association of August 1982, charged the WPA leadership with complicity by not having spoken out against this mailing. 1535:

reported, it became apparent that the WPA leaders had no desire to take an action which would have alienated the USSR delegation and would quite probably make them "walk out" and sever communications for some time to come.

897:

routinely sent dissenters to psychiatrists for diagnosing to avoid embarrassing public trials and to discredit dissidence as the product of ill minds. Formerly highly classified extant documents from "Special file" of the

2566:

safeguards for patients, other panellists worked out on what they considered as positive aspects of the new developments. However then, abruptly, this sense of optimism was disrupted by the bluntest of questions posed by

2075:

the individual was picked up again and committed to mental hospital, the commission had vindication that the hospitalization served non-medical purposes. Also some foreign psychiatrists including the Swedish psychiatrist

1222:

Political abuse of psychiatry is the misuse of psychiatric diagnosis, detention and treatment for the purposes of obstructing the fundamental human rights of certain groups and individuals in a society. It entails the

2376:

published almost the same figure of 10 million people registered at psychoneurological dispensaries and 335,200 hospital beds used in the Soviet Union by 1987. At a press conference held in Moscow on 27 October 1989,

2537:

In Russia, the IPA is the sole non-governmental professional organization that makes non-forensic psychiatric expert examination at the request of citizens whose rights have been violated with the use of psychiatry.

889:"). Within the boundaries of the diagnostic category, the symptoms of pessimism, poor social adaptation and conflict with authorities were themselves sufficient for a formal diagnosis of "sluggish schizophrenia." 7704:Выступления П.Д. Тищенко, Б.Г. Юдина, А.И. Антонова, А.Г. Гофмана, В.Н. Краснова, Б.А. Воскресенского [Speeches by P.D. Tishchenko, B.G. Yudin, A.I. Antonov, A.G. Gofman, V.N. Krasnov, B.A. Voskresensky] 2108:

were sent to the Soviet officials, with request to verify the data and notify the Commission if mistakes were found, and to the West, where human rights defenders used them in the course of their campaigns. The

1414:

diagnoses contain enough scientifically-based evidence not only to indicate the mental illnesses described in the diagnoses, but also to indicate the necessity of isolating these people completely from society?

951:

stated that Bukosky was arrested as a direct result of his appeal to world's psychiatrists, thereby suggesting that now they held his destiny in their hands. In 1974, Bukovsky and the incarcerated psychiatrist

2051:, a 265-page monograph covering political abuses of psychiatry in the Soviet Union and containing photographs of hospitals and former inmates, many quotations from ex-inmates, a "white list" of two hundred of 1311:

also believed that in a class society, especially during the most severe class struggle, psychiatry was incapable of not being repressive. A system of political abuse of psychiatry was developed at the end of

14121: 2550:, there was substantial dispute about the possible readmittance of the All-Union Society to the WPA. The Eighth World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association was held between 12 and 19 October 1989 in 2020: 1971: 1524:, was chosen as associate secretary of the Executive Committee. A day after the Mexico Congress Vartanyan announced publicly that the nature of Soviet system was such that this could not possibly happen. As 777: 2118: 15210: 1730:, CAPA held a rally against the abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. In 1978, Royal College of Psychiatrists established the Special Committee on abuse of psychiatry. 20 December 1980 saw the formation in 2401:, to carry out extensive interviews of suspected victims of abuse. They traveled to the Soviet Union on 25 February 1989. The group consisted of about 25 people among whom were William Farrand of the 1417:

I will be very happy if you can interest your colleagues in this matter and if you consider it possible to place it on the agenda for discussion at the next International Congress of Psychiatrists.

234: 909:

In the 1960s, a vigorous movement grew up protesting against abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union was denounced in the course of the Congresses of the

1758:. The request to discuss the Soviet issue during the World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association in Honolulu was made by Americans and the British and was supported by other societies. 1593:

The British Medical Association condemns the practice of using medical men to certify political and religious dissenters as insane and to submit them to unnecessary investigation and treatment.

2670:

The All-Union Society supports the changes in the Soviet law with full implementation relevant to the practice of psychiatry and the treatment and protection of the rights of the mentally ill.

2397:(meaning "policy of transparency" in Russian). Over the objection of the psychiatric establishment, the Soviet government permitted a delegation of psychiatrists from the US, representing the 1857:

to coordinate their positions. Much to the vexation of Georgi Morozov, the Romanians did not come to this meeting, while both the Hungarians and the Poles openly criticized the Soviet stance.

2800:

and used a new concept of developing the Law; a quarter of the commission members were the representatives of the IPA. The Law has been put in force since 1 January 1993. Adoption of the Law

2752:

In a letter sent in 1991 to Aleksandr Tiganov, the new chairman of the All Union Society (or, the now called themselves, the Federation of Societies of Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the

2604: 9338: 2216:, reporting that in consequence of the continued abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union the American, British, French, Danish, Norwegian, Swiss, and Australasian member societies of the 2364:

issued on 5 April 1988 that 5.5 million Soviet citizens were on the psychiatric register and that within two years 30% would be removed from this list. However, a year later the journal

1577:

The Royal College of Psychiatrists firmly opposes the use of psychiatric facilities for the detention of persons solely on the basis of their political dissent no matter where it occurs.

7412:

17 лет неисполнения закона — цена доверия к власти и киргизский опыт [17 years of failure of the law — the price of trust in the government and the Kyrgyz experience]

8324: 1829:

met in Moscow to talk about a common approach to the issue of political abuse psychiatry and the upcoming World Congress in Honolulu. This meeting was mainly chaired by Major General

1884:

On 31 August 1977, the General Assembly of the World Psychiatric Association during its meeting in Honolulu for the VI World Congress of Psychiatry adopted the following resolution:

1410:

and also various letters and other material which reveal the character of these people. I will be very grateful to you if you can study this material and express your opinion on it.

12937: 2336:

in the empty room, after their every speech the sound of applause was added and, as a result, listeners were under the impression that the party held a large successful congress in

6779:Судьбы больных шизофренией: клинико-социальный и судебно-психиатрический аспекты [The fates of the ill with schizophrenia: clinico-social and forensico-psychiatric aspects] 2851: 2600: 1676: 1400:

This phenomenon arouses justified anxiety, especially in view of the widely publicized placing of the biologist Zhores Medvedev in a psychiatric hospital by extrajudicial means.

2055:

in Soviet mental hospitals and a "black list" of over one hundred medical staff and doctors who took part in committing people to psychiatric facilities for political reasons.

881:

had been shifted into the RSFSR Criminal Code of 1962—and Article 190-1 of the RSFSR Criminal Code along with the system of diagnosing mental illness, developed by academician

1635:

In December 1976, in his eleventh year of psychiatric hospitals and prison camps, Bukovsky was exchanged by the Soviet government for the imprisoned Chilean Communist leader

12727: 9922: 9271: 1902: 1485:

and, when translated by The Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Medical Hospitals, were examined by forty-four psychiatrists from the Department of Psychiatry,

14090: 13341: 13324: 9998: 9833: 7312: 5967: 5955: 2701:

and rather wanted to help the processes of humanization in the USSR. They hoped that the membership Soviet psychiatrists in the WPA would help to keep them under control.

1914: 1769: 1735: 899: 855: 513: 125: 110: 13371: 2083:

helped in examining former or potential victims of psychiatric abuse. The Commission used those reports in its work and publicly referred to them when it was essential.

1794: 385: 9130: 9043:Дело Ларисы Арап или как можно поместить любого в психиатрическую лечебницу [The case of Larisa Arap, or how one can place any person in a psychiatric hospital] 960:, which provided potential future victims of political psychiatry with instructions on how to behave during inquest in order to avoid being diagnosed as mentally sick. 15215: 9083: 8301:Этиология психиатрических злоупотреблений: попытка мультидисциплинарного анализа [The etiology of psychiatric abuses: an attempt at multidisciplinary analysis] 2664:

Victims of abuse shall have their cases reviewed within the USSR and also in cooperation with the WPA, and the registry shall not be used against psychiatric patients.

943:. The documents were photocopies of forensic reports on prominent Soviet dissidents. In January 1972, Bukovsky was convicted of spreading anti-Soviet propaganda under 782: 8317:Этиология злоупотреблений в психиатрии: попытка мультидисциплинарного анализа [The etiology of abuses in psychiatry: an attempt at multidisciplinary analysis] 7840: 6507:Альянс права и милосердия: о проблеме защиты прав человека в психиатрии [The alliance of law and mercy: on the issue of human rights protection in psychiatry] 6302: 2059: 2757: 2425:

as head of the hospital visit team, and four émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States. There also were State Department interpreters, two attorneys,

1777:

under the influence of pro-Zionist elements and that the KGB was undertaking measures through operational channels to counter hostile attacks. In October 1976, the

1659:

for his studies in biology. Voluntary and involuntary emigration allowed the authorities to rid themselves of many political active intellectuals including writers

7506:

Declaration of Hawaii: Declaration adopted unanimously by the General Assembly of the World Psychiatric Association at the Sixth World Congress of Psychiatry, 1977

2151:

to 3 years' labor camp, Anatoly Koryagin to 8 years' imprisonment and labor camp and 4 years' internal exile, Alexander Voloshanovich was sent to voluntary exile.

1830: 1209: 948: 9331:Памяти Леонида Плюща. Человек против карательной психиатрии СССР [In commemoration of Leonid Plyushch. The man is against punitive psychiatry of the USSR] 8655:Взгляд очевидца на предысторию принятия закона о психиатрической помощи [View of the eyewitness to the backstory of the adoption of the Mental Health Law] 2661:

publicly acknowledges that previous political conditions created an environment in which psychiatric abuse occurred for non-medical, including political, reasons.

1296:

in political dissenters. Western scholars examined no aspect of Soviet psychiatry as thoroughly as its involvement in the social control of political dissenters.

13314: 2469:; defending the rights of persons with disabilities, signing appeals, etc.). Of course, among patients surveyed by Americans were also terrorists and murderers. 1889:

implement this Resolution in the first instance in reference to the extensive evidence of the systematic abuse of psychiatry for political purposes in the USSR.

15220: 13834: 13334: 9251:От политических злоупотреблений психиатрией к реформе психиатрической службы [From political abuses of psychiatry to the reform of psychiatric service] 2596: 2529:, which was completely under the control of the Soviet government and implemented its political principles. From the very beginning, the IPA and its President 728: 141: 11578: 9579:

Psychiatric Practices in the Soviet Union. Guests were members of the delegation which visited Soviet psychiatric facilities and patients in February of 1989

6095: 1781:

constituted a special working group to develop a plan of action for a counter campaign. The working group had among its members leading Soviet psychiatrists

1178: 8885:. International Human Rights and Comparative Mental Health Law: The Role of Institutional Psychiatry and the Suppression of Political Dissent. 13360: 13329: 11009: 2352: 2160: 2012: 1947: 1927:

cross-referencing and other priorities extensively buried the primary tasks of attending to the risks of treatment and involuntary detention. In 1991, the

1690:

The appeal made by Bukovsky in 1971 caused the formation of the first groups to campaign against the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. In

1083: 222: 136: 13319: 13271: 2571: 2378: 2355: 2190: 2148: 1862: 1797: 410: 105: 2697:, which abused psychiatry for political purposes? On the other hand, they voted not for Vartanyan and Zharikov, not for the sad memory of Lunts but for 851:

took place and was based on the interpretation of political dissent as a psychiatric problem. It was called "psychopathological mechanisms" of dissent.

11057: 8835: 2414: 1866: 115: 13568: 9423:. Психиатрическая помощь в СССР и некоторые её показатели [Mental health care in the Soviety Union and some of its indicators]. 2845: 2418: 2246: 2086:

The commission gathered as much information as possible of victims of psychiatric terror in the Soviet Union and published this information in their

2076: 2008: 1786: 1598: 1521: 1060: 1045: 767: 643: 8452: 15235: 12712: 12239: 10989: 7969: 6080: 2238: 2234: 1790: 1711: 10556: 9330: 7943: 6128: 2649: 2406: 2290: 2080: 182: 12798: 10307: 10116: 5782: 2426: 2016: 1715: 1454:

states no one of Soviet psychiatrists was going to reveal psychiatric repression until Gluzman revealed it in his report. He was the author of

15285: 13266: 12879: 9789: 9639: 2636:. The audience totally went silent, they have never seen anything like this before. To the contestant of Schulzinger, the race has been won: 2522: 1444: 1108: 1103: 802: 8316: 12932: 12788: 2209: 1202: 1183: 1098: 1093: 1088: 353: 14066: 13451: 13421: 12762: 11649: 7239:Психиатрия как средство репрессий в советских и постсоветских странах [Psychiatry as a tool of coercion in post-Soviet countries] 1919:

Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union catalyzed a more general investigation into international psychiatric practices by the

6206:. La psychiatrie française et sa représentation internationale [French psychiatry and its international image]. In: 15245: 13708: 13668: 13578: 13389: 12905: 12752: 7209: 1069: 721: 638: 528: 59: 9699: 8830: 15230: 14086: 13696: 13591: 13463: 13249: 12841: 9463: 2710:

together with that kind of persons, I renounce the honorary membership of the World Psychiatric Association, which I held since 1983.

1620:(in one sense of the world) as a psychiatric problem." This work was published in Russian, English, French, Italian, German, Danish. 1130: 71: 9778: 5769: 13601: 13518: 13411: 12793: 10826: 9513: 2797: 2381:

claimed that of the three hundred patients named by international human rights organizations, "practically all had left hospital."

1140: 1031: 648: 613: 343: 81: 13541: 13348: 13215: 12229: 10873: 9594: 7775: 1195: 1173: 963: 762: 663: 653: 323: 172: 7035:

Soviet Anti-Religious Campaigns and Persecutions: Vol. 2 of A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory and Practice, and the Believer

15240: 13239: 13084: 12722: 10994: 1450:

says psychiatric repression was obvious to his circle as early as 1968, and president of the Ukrainian Psychiatric Association

1345: 797: 397: 239: 2125:

in 1971 were the material that convinced most psychiatric associations that there was distinctly something wrong in the USSR.

701: 14095: 13726: 13227: 13193: 13181: 13176: 13067: 12717: 10652: 10339: 10317: 10021: 9982: 9957: 9912: 9887: 9866: 9841: 9812: 9767: 9742: 9719: 9673: 9551:

Political Madness: Dutch Sovietologist Robert van Voren speaks about Soviet repressive psychiatry and its surviving offshoots

9065: 9047: 9029: 9011: 8989: 8743: 8659: 8483: 7708: 7680: 7416: 7401: 7294: 7230: 6067: 6056: 714: 13653: 11740: 9538: 7726: 2301:

from 1981 to 1984, was carried by 174 votes to 18, with 27 abstentions. The resolution was strikingly conciliatory in tone:

2245:

According to the statement made by the chairman of the APA Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists

13763: 13531: 11559: 11484: 11144: 10744: 9276: 7830: 6307: 5819:

Abuse of psychiatry for political repression in the Soviet Union: Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, second session, Volume 2

1000: 628: 1299:

As early as 1948, the Soviet secret service took an interest in this area of medicine. It was one of the superiors of the

15225: 13643: 13309: 13256: 13244: 12757: 11164: 10297: 5801:

Abuse of psychiatry for political repression in the Soviet Union: Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, second session, Part 1

2785:. An initiator of creating a serious, detailed mental health law in the USSR was a deputy of the last convocation of the 2410: 2070:, who made these diagnoses. But when he had been compelled to emigrate on 7 February 1980, his work was continued by the 318: 94: 49: 10406: 10334: 9618: 8790: 8106: 7658: 1702:

a "Working Commission on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals" was created. Among its founding members were

14979: 13691: 13686: 13406: 13354: 12846: 12199: 11294: 10272: 10157: 10111: 10106: 10052: 8672: 7909: 2753: 1946:

dissidents at risk." In December 1978, the Review Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Canadian psychiatrist

1719: 1529:

with a Western style, Vartanyan managed to fool one after another. In the end, no action was taken by the Congress. As

772: 508: 348: 277: 192: 64: 8188: 2113:

were also used to provide the dissident movement with information about Western protests against the political abuse.

15275: 13943: 13894: 13827: 13638: 13366: 12968: 12872: 11931: 11494: 10764: 10705: 8939: 8625: 8125: 7801: 7378: 7356: 7320: 7268: 7196: 7174: 7150: 7128: 7106: 7084: 7062: 7022: 6978: 6956: 6934: 6912: 6868: 6846: 6824: 6765: 6729: 6703: 6677: 6655: 6633: 6589: 6493: 6449: 6337: 6285: 6263: 6239: 6219: 6195: 6173: 5932: 1778: 1123: 947:, mainly on the ground that he had, with anti-Soviet intention, circulated false reports about political dissenters. 380: 76: 10502: 2090:. For the four years of its existence, the Commission published more than 1,500 pages of documentation including 22 15265: 15250: 13973: 13961: 13785: 13775: 13731: 13546: 13222: 13171: 13054: 11634: 11629: 11124: 11087: 10816: 10262: 8363:. Предисловие к книге Анатолия Прокопенко «Безумная психиатрия» [Preface to the book by Anatoly Prokopenko 8077:

Guide de psychiatrie pour les dissidents soviétiques: dédié à Lonia Pliouchtch, victime de la terreur psychiatrique

7853: 2430: 2251: 2233:

According to the reports on hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the

2198: 2181: 1751: 1602: 1118: 633: 569: 392: 266: 11312: 11174: 10858: 6085: 2591:

and representatives of the World Psychiatric Association must be permitted to function freely on Soviet territory.

2525:(IPA) was created as an association publicly opposing itself to official Soviet psychiatry and its offspring, the 14059: 13978: 13966: 13822: 13807: 13721: 13623: 13205: 13025: 12354: 11735: 11664: 11564: 11442: 11214: 11204: 10791: 10178: 9481: 8397: 6212:

La psychiatrie en péril. En dépit des Etats généraux [Psychiatry in peril. Despite its general condition]

6120: 6023: 6004: 5986: 5846: 5827: 5809: 2562:. The issue of the Soviet political abuse of psychiatry raised its ugly head, and dominated the WPA proceedings. 2510: 2117:

said that after he had studied official documents in the Soviet archives, including minutes from meetings of the

1928: 906:

demonstrate that the authorities of the country quite consciously used psychiatry as a tool to suppress dissent.

903: 503: 212: 11129: 11016: 11004: 9061:Латентные формы антипсихиатрии как главная опасность [Latent forms of anti-psychiatry as a major threat] 13919: 13899: 13596: 13210: 13035: 12963: 11785: 11554: 11134: 11036: 10769: 10213: 10208: 8380: 7042: 7000: 6890: 6802: 6611: 6567: 6545: 6519: 6471: 6407: 6047: 6032: 5908: 2828:

In Andrei Kovalyov's words, the main thing is that sufficient success was achieved in stopping the psychiatric

2637: 2298: 2164: 2155: 2132: 2094:

in which over 400 cases of the political abuse of psychiatry were documented in great detail. Summaries of the

1774: 1135: 1020: 1010: 658: 608: 313: 303: 11454: 11184: 10695: 10467: 7397:

15 лет Независимому психиатрическому журналу [15th anniversary of the Independent Psychiatric Journal]

1517:

practice, but also in this instance the issue of political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR was not mentioned.

1479:

the file and tell whether these persons should be hospitalized or not. The documents were sent by Bukovsky to

15260: 13990: 13817: 13681: 13633: 13394: 13188: 13062: 13045: 12732: 11747: 11700: 11464: 11387: 11119: 9351:Попытка выхолостить очередной демократический закон [An attempt to emasculate another democratic law] 6036: 2652:

on behalf of his delegation made a statement containing the following five points, which are quoted in full:

2345: 2217: 2168:

detention of this celebrated dissident, Leonid Plyushch. Instead Snezhnevsky chose to resign his Fellowship.

2100: 1920: 1491: 1439: 910: 848: 574: 543: 54: 11179: 10888: 10811: 10482: 8154: 1950:

and, in August 1979, received the first complaints submitted by the British Royal College of Psychiatrists.

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On Dissidents and Madness: From the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin

8917: 8193: 8111: 7282:

On dissidents and madness: From the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin

2621: 1078: 589: 21: 8863:. Psychiatry in post-communist Ukraine: dismantling the past, paving the way for the future. 8567:. 'Leave us alone!': Representation of social work in the Russian immigrant media in Israel. 8348: 2689:-oriented psychiatry; however, what morality can be spoken of when among the members of the WPA were left 2147:

internal exile, Irina Grivnina to 5 years' internal exile, Vyacheslav Bakhmin to 3 years in a labor camp,

1437:

In the 1960s, a vigorous movement grew up protesting against abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. Since 1968,

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agreed to host the WPA's sixth World Congress of Psychiatry during 28 August – 3 September 1977, in

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smuggled to the West a file of 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatry, which he sent to

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the first system was punitive psychiatry that straight served the institute of power and was led by the

15290: 15132: 14724: 14052: 13862: 13839: 13812: 12574: 11795: 11780: 11770: 11624: 11224: 10712: 10515: 10282: 8865: 8501: 7055:Очерки общей психопатологии шизофрении [Essays on the general psychopathology of schizophrenia] 2786: 2186: 579: 29: 6124: 14359: 14115: 13904: 13877: 13780: 12803: 12679: 12624: 12444: 11432: 11139: 10700: 10312: 10229: 9974: 9804: 9665: 9109: 8761: 8569: 8423: 7541: 6463:Социальная медицина: Учебное пособие для вузов [Social medicine: a manual for higher schools] 2775: 2673:

The All-Union Society encourages an enlightened leadership in the psychiatric professional community.

1801: 1113: 929:(1989). The campaign to terminate political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR was a key episode in the 538: 13872: 9619:Был бы человек, а диагноз найдется [A diagnosis is quickly found to attribute a person with] 9025:

15-летие Закона о психиатрической помощи [15th anniversary of the Law on Mental Health Care]

8076: 5778: 14110: 13985: 12429: 11996: 11259: 11149: 10903: 10447: 9223: 8814: 8349:

Shrinking the Freedom of Thought: How Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment Violates Basic Human Rights

6076: 2694: 2446: 2398: 2254:

and a number of other psychiatric associations across the world carried a resolution which stated:

2193:, delivered a message from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the 1344:

the second system was composed of elite, psychotherapeutically oriented clinics and was led by the

967: 292: 287: 282: 12169: 6043:

Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team of the Visit to the Soviet Union (9–29 June 1991)

2128: 14314: 14169: 13234: 11659: 11604: 11589: 11529: 11337: 11317: 11077: 10754: 10359: 7879: 7510: 7458: 6125:

Report of the U.S. Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry (Russian translation)

5953: 3359: 2789:, a young engineer from a Uralian town. When asked why he as an engineer needs it, he replied to 2449:(an outburst of emotion while being inside a social security agency; a visit to the apartment of 2204: 2052: 1965: 757: 375: 207: 10562: 6816:Советская психиатрия: Заблуждения и умысел [Soviet psychiatry: fallacies and wilfulness] 6362: 5779:

Human Rights Watch Records, Record Group 7: Helsinki Watch, 1952-2003 (Bulk, 1978-1994) HR# 0002

15270: 14984: 14749: 13914: 13506: 13444: 12449: 11953: 11347: 11021: 10497: 10257: 10252: 10045: 9950:

Mad psychiatry: classified materials on the use of psychiatry in the USSR for punitive purposes

9301: 9135: 8457: 8453:

Breaking the Totalitarian Ice: The Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR

8023: 7835: 6090: 2496: 2458: 1281: 893:

adopted a religion, was determined to be a form of mental illness that needed to be cured. The

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Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union and in China: Complexities and Controversies

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Soviet special psychiatric hospitals. Where the system was criminal and the inmates were sane

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In 1973, the council of the Royal College of Psychiatrists passed the following resolution:

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Mental health policy and practice across Europe: the future direction of mental health care

2501: 1486: 1300: 1236: 426: 13882: 8690: 7750: 7567: 7337:. Vladivostok: Издательство Дальневосточного университета ; 2004. Russian. 6784:

The ISBN printed in the document (978-5-9977-0014-9) is invalid, causing a checksum error.

2715:

Vartanyan replied to the question whether any conditions had been set to a Soviet return:

2320:

hospitals. In 1987, sixty-four political prisoners were discharged from mental hospitals.

2268:

The Seventh World Congress of the WPA was scheduled to meet on 10 – 16 July 1983, at

2163:. In 1980, the Special Committee on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry, established by the 8: 15158: 14999: 14994: 14944: 14854: 14824: 14804: 14679: 14664: 14554: 14504: 14474: 14022: 13751: 13556: 13485: 13293: 13142: 13020: 12942: 12915: 12669: 12584: 12579: 12479: 12342: 12139: 12023: 11938: 11826: 11679: 11674: 11654: 11639: 11549: 11544: 11449: 11382: 11372: 11284: 11279: 11269: 11169: 11109: 11082: 10908: 10893: 10863: 10841: 10627: 10617: 10344: 10267: 10237: 10221: 9734: 9614: 9164: 8802: 8284: 7670: 7484: 7214: 6624: 6255: 5767: 2360: 2044: 2036: 1762: 695: 523: 202: 11524: 11437: 9390: 9296: 9190: 8756: 8542: 8496: 8418: 7874: 7536: 7505: 7453: 6778: 6352:. Moscow & St Petersburg: Нестор-История ; 2008. Russian. p. 35. 2370:

published a figure of 10.2 million provided by the state statistics committee. In 1990,

1742:

in 1978, he has inspired the movement against the use of psychiatry for political ends.

1307:, who first ordered the use of psychiatry as a tool of repression. Russian psychiatrist 831:

The Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry, also briefly called the

15114: 15104: 15084: 15064: 14844: 14714: 14594: 14409: 14379: 14369: 14279: 14214: 14154: 14131: 13889: 13800: 13117: 13030: 12920: 12910: 12823: 12619: 12604: 12529: 12509: 12504: 12489: 12336: 12084: 11836: 11720: 11474: 11377: 11362: 11274: 11264: 11239: 11234: 10999: 10953: 10868: 10853: 10796: 10612: 10535: 10411: 10302: 10292: 9555: 9518: 9468: 8285:Украинское лицо судебной психиатрии [The Ukrainian face of forensic psychiatry] 8037:Пособие по психиатрии для инакомыслящих [A manual on psychiatry for dissidents] 6695: 5353: 2462: 1992: 1937:

effect they will have. Brendan Kelly says the Principles is a non-binding declaration.

1782: 1668: 1567: 1380: 1349: 882: 584: 12519: 12348: 8600: 7568:

Dr Alexander Voloshanovich: A Critic of the Political Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR

5271: 15280: 15146: 15089: 15034: 15014: 14904: 14829: 14744: 14684: 14674: 14669: 14574: 14464: 14384: 14374: 14299: 14264: 14254: 14239: 14229: 14075: 13997: 13937: 13716: 13502: 13198: 13000: 12985: 12927: 12836: 12689: 12634: 12609: 12564: 12494: 12469: 12434: 12424: 12393: 12280: 12164: 12134: 11871: 11861: 11775: 11669: 11514: 11229: 11026: 10883: 10836: 10734: 10685: 10659: 10637: 10477: 10457: 10401: 10389: 10203: 10038: 10017: 10013: 9978: 9953: 9908: 9883: 9862: 9837: 9808: 9763: 9738: 9715: 9669: 9627: 9486: 9408: 9314: 9280: 9206: 9169: 9148: 9088: 9060: 8922: 8887: 8848: 8844: 8774: 8638: 8604: 8506: 8436: 8376: 8220: 8207: 8172: 8138: 8081: 7982: 7952: 7922: 7892: 7858: 7814: 7645: 7554: 7523: 7471: 7374: 7352: 7316: 7290: 7286: 7264: 7260: 7226: 7192: 7170: 7146: 7124: 7102: 7080: 7058: 7038: 7018: 6996: 6974: 6952: 6930: 6908: 6886: 6864: 6842: 6820: 6798: 6761: 6725: 6699: 6673: 6651: 6629: 6607: 6585: 6563: 6541: 6515: 6511: 6489: 6467: 6445: 6411: 6403: 6383: 6333: 6311: 6281: 6259: 6235: 6215: 6191: 6169: 6150: 6107: 5928: 5904: 5763: 2762: 2454: 2316: 2122: 1933: 1475: 1372: 1368: 1334: 1163: 934: 832: 533: 12813: 12484: 9235:. Не боюсь тебя, психиатр! [I do not fear you, psychiatrist!]. 2478:

Western countries. According to medical record, all these patients had diagnoses of

15170: 15109: 15094: 15054: 14964: 14954: 14949: 14934: 14924: 14849: 14734: 14644: 14634: 14599: 14564: 14529: 14429: 14404: 14389: 14309: 14284: 14199: 14194: 14164: 12599: 12524: 12454: 12439: 12419: 12366: 12149: 12144: 12124: 12074: 12064: 11891: 11856: 11841: 11790: 11519: 11459: 11299: 10958: 10938: 10647: 10589: 10583: 10550: 10530: 10520: 10369: 10170: 10162: 9590: 9400: 9374: 9306: 9198: 9174: 9140: 9114: 8968: 8944: 8870: 8840: 8798: 8766: 8738: 8722: 8698: 8630: 8596: 8574: 8552: 8526: 8462: 8428: 8402: 8392: 8212: 8164: 8130: 8006: 7974: 7964: 7948: 7914: 7884: 7806: 7780: 7758: 7666: 7596: 7575: 7546: 7515: 7492: 7463: 7218: 7166: 6970:

Dangerous minds: political psychiatry in China today and its origins in the Mao era

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the World Psychiatric Association until such time that these abuses cease to exist.

2063: 2040: 2007:

In January 1977, Alexandr Podrabinek along with a 47-year-old self-educated worker

1980: 1727: 1660: 1531: 1525: 1467: 1338: 1317: 1308: 1304: 1257: 1147: 866: 452: 421: 7636:

Soviets finally condemned for psychiatric malpractices… will South Africa be next?

6882:

The Political Psychology of Appeasement: Finlandization and Other Unpopular Essays

6103: 1908: 1636: 15079: 15024: 15019: 14989: 14969: 14939: 14929: 14899: 14894: 14864: 14819: 14809: 14784: 14754: 14739: 14704: 14694: 14614: 14589: 14534: 14494: 14414: 14349: 14339: 14334: 14294: 14244: 14149: 14144: 13909: 13122: 13074: 12980: 12818: 12674: 12664: 12649: 12629: 12614: 12589: 12534: 12299: 12267: 12159: 12119: 11881: 11876: 11816: 11757: 11489: 11367: 11194: 11159: 11067: 11062: 10786: 10680: 10354: 10287: 10277: 10242: 10198: 10185: 10137: 10007: 9992: 9968: 9898: 9877: 9852: 9823: 9798: 9753: 9703: 9684: 9659: 9534: 8984: 8521:. Human rights in psychiatric practice: an overview for clinicians. 8406: 8269:История психиатрических репрессий [The history of psychiatric repression] 8168: 7999:

Athens and beyond: Soviet psychiatric abuse and the World Psychiatric Association

7918: 7773:. Can psychiatry distinguish social deviance from mental disorder?. 7718: 7690: 7609: 7426: 7347: 7307: 7255: 7013: 6837: 6815: 6793: 6742: 6690: 6625:

Punishing the Patient: How Psychiatrists Misunderstand and Mistreat Schizophrenia

6602: 6533:

Russia and the Cult of State Security: The Chekist Tradition, From Lenin to Putin

6506: 6462: 6440: 6276: 6062: 6042: 6013: 5995: 5976: 5962: 5945: 5899: 5881: 5861: 5836: 5818: 5800: 4348:). The Declaration with minor amendments approved in 1983 was also published in: 2678: 2595:

Several national associations, including the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the

2479: 2466: 2450: 2332: 2136: 1878: 1684: 1664: 1471:

Siberian exile for refusing to diagnose Grigorenko as having the mental illness.

1277: 858: 14174: 10781: 9661:

Soviet dissent: contemporary movements for national, religious, and human rights

9266: 9104: 9078: 7411: 7396: 6838:

Making us crazy. DSM: the psychiatric bible and the creation of mental disorders

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Soviet psychiatrists must acknowledge previous political abuses and reject them;

1356:

The hundreds of hospitals in the provinces combined components of both systems.

15182: 15069: 14974: 14874: 14869: 14799: 14794: 14719: 14639: 14629: 14619: 14604: 14549: 14514: 14484: 14459: 14454: 14394: 14354: 14274: 14234: 14224: 14209: 14159: 13929: 13857: 13137: 13127: 12644: 12569: 12559: 12554: 12414: 12154: 11943: 11866: 11594: 11499: 11249: 11189: 10821: 10739: 10642: 10602: 10572: 10472: 10427: 9759: 9437:

Embarrassing in form, promising in substance. Soviet law in theory and practice

9404: 9350: 8547: 8123:. Ethical conflicts in psychiatry: the Soviet Union vs. the U.S.. 8036: 5866: 5855: 2813: 2790: 2434: 2114: 1838: 1818: 1738:(IAPUP) whose first secretary was Gérard Bles of France. Since the Congress in 1703: 1680: 1628: 1609: 1559: 1451: 1320:, punitive psychiatry was not simply an inheritance from the Stalin era as the 1005: 953: 933:, inflicting irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine. In 1971, 870: 792: 15256:

Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes

14122:

Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes

9250: 9144: 9002: 8739:Коготок увяз — всей птичке пропасть [Chickens come home to roost] 8726: 8673:Расширить границы нормального [Broadening the boundaries of normality] 8556: 8530: 8300: 8268: 8252: 8236: 7978: 7888: 7622: 7238: 5970:, Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals; 1983. 2021:

Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes

1972:

Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes

1966:

Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes

15204: 15039: 14959: 14919: 14889: 14839: 14774: 14709: 14659: 14609: 14559: 14544: 14539: 14524: 14479: 14469: 14444: 14439: 14424: 14419: 14329: 14319: 14219: 14204: 13790: 12808: 12654: 12549: 12514: 12499: 12459: 12001: 11831: 11569: 11479: 11342: 11322: 11209: 10970: 10948: 10913: 10492: 10487: 10442: 10364: 10324: 10073: 9581: [Retrieved 20 February 2014]; p. duration 01.01.05. English. 9118: 9042: 8815:

The Soviet Case: Prelude to a Global Consensus on Psychiatry and Human Rights

8654: 8578: 7740: 7703: 7640: 7443: 6559:

Cultural diversity, mental health and psychiatry: The struggle against racism

6428:

Guida psichiatrica per dissidenti. Con esempi pratici e una lettera dal Gulag

3091: 2782: 2474: 2119:

Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

2039:

in 1976 to monitor Soviet compliance with the human rights provisions of the

1765: 1718:, a South-African born psychiatrist. In September 1975, there was formed the 1707: 1699: 1648: 1549: 1313: 1293: 995: 944: 673: 548: 444: 9310: 9024: 8948: 7519: 6366:. New York: Chalidze publications; 1981. Russian. p. 32. 5759: 15119: 15099: 15049: 14914: 14879: 14859: 14769: 14689: 14654: 14499: 14449: 14184: 14179: 13673: 13494: 12888: 12594: 12544: 12474: 12464: 12318: 12306: 12293: 12099: 11926: 11427: 10675: 10525: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10080: 9318: 9284: 9210: 8926: 8677: 8620: 8608: 8510: 8224: 7926: 7649: 7467: 6315: 6086:

Report of the U.S. Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry

2802:

On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens' Rights during Its Provision

2613: 2530: 2032: 1984: 1846: 1806: 1520:

One of the key apologists of Soviet psychiatric abuse, Soviet psychiatrist

1447: 1285: 844: 14624: 14569: 10001:, Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals. 1983. 9412: 9378: 9202: 9152: 9105:

Children's rights in post-Soviet countries: The case of Russia and Belarus

9092: 8852: 8642: 8634: 8466: 8432: 8176: 8142: 7986: 7896: 7862: 7831:

International Human Rights Protection Against Psychiatric Political Abuses

7818: 7810: 7784: 7475: 6387: 6118: 6111: 5946:

Soviet abuse of psychiatry for political purposes: A Helsinki Watch report

5359: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3058: 2453:

that was formerly human rights activism; having written a book about poet

1976: 1726:

and composed of psychiatrists, other doctors, and laymen. In July 1976 in

15074: 14909: 14779: 14699: 14584: 14519: 14324: 14304: 14269: 14249: 14126: 13536: 13498: 13490: 13112: 13096: 13010: 12952: 12639: 12244: 12214: 12069: 12059: 11958: 11821: 11614: 11103: 10933: 10918: 10729: 10577: 10545: 10432: 10247: 10152: 10091: 9731:

Russia's political hospitals: The abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

9572: 9550: 8874: 8778: 8714: 7558: 7527: 6252:

Russia's political hospitals: The abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

5277: 2833: 2686: 2554:. The Congress was reminiscent of the previous World Congress in 1983 in 2506: 2390: 2067: 1834: 1672: 1644: 1513: 1224: 1050: 914: 618: 458: 8972: 8440: 8375:. Moscow & Minsk: АСТ, Харвест ; 2005. Russian. 8134: 8010: 6415: 2667:

The All-Union Society unconditionally accepts the WPA review instrument.

1724:

Initiating Committee Against Abuses of Psychiatry for Political Purposes

15194: 15029: 15009: 14764: 14729: 14344: 14289: 13526: 12398: 12109: 12079: 12033: 11948: 11916: 11908: 11851: 11539: 11254: 10943: 10831: 10437: 9178: 8770: 8591: 8327:

17 November 2015; Retrieved 3 January 2014];1(20). Russian.

8216: 7550: 6441:

Russian/Soviet and Western psychiatry: a contemporary comparative study

6363:Письма русского путешественника [Letters of a Russian traveler] 6350:Письма русского путешественника [Letters of a Russian traveler] 3682: 2829: 2028: 1617: 1586: 1248: 1040: 874: 817: 812: 668: 12857: 11052: 8702: 7762: 7600: 7579: 5924:

Medicine betrayed: the participation of doctors in human rights abuses

5370: 5368: 3360:

Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals 1983

15044: 14509: 13746: 13741: 13563: 13456: 13286: 12947: 12694: 12539: 12388: 12361: 12174: 12129: 12038: 12006: 11986: 11978: 11307: 11097: 9904: 9829: 9500: 8621:

The involvement of Soviet psychiatry in the persecution of dissenters

8253:Как я писал закон для СССР [How I wrote the Law for the USSR] 7496: 6537: 6310:

28 September 2011; Retrieved 5 March 2013];30(1):136–44.

6054: 2906: 2726: 2698: 2658: 2000: 1656: 1481: 1388: 1243: 1015: 939: 862: 827: 439: 15189: 14044: 7334:Основы социальной медицины [Fundamentals of social medicine] 7057:. Moscow: Академический проект ; 2001. Russian. 6797:. Moscow: Академический проект ; 2000. Russian. 6485:

Biographical dictionary of dissidents in the Soviet Union, 1956–1975

6402:. Göteborg: Samarbetsdynamik AB; 1975b. Danish. 2644:

negotiations of the statement started, and each word was discussed.

2640:

has been elected as the WPA President by the overwhelming majority.

1640: 1623: 15141: 14884: 14434: 13736: 13281: 13015: 12975: 12273: 12114: 12011: 11886: 11705: 11609: 10749: 10607: 10061: 9879:

A Question of Madness: Repression by Psychiatry in the Soviet Union

5958:, Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals 5895:

Amnesty International French Medical Commission and Valérie Marange

5365: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 2559: 2394: 2227: 1895: 1854: 1822: 1755: 1739: 1463: 970:

and threatens human rights activists with a psychiatric diagnosis.

930: 465: 434: 15211:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

15177: 11393:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

9786:Карта: Российский независимый исторический и правозащитный журнал 8715:

Psychiatry and the dark side: eugenics, Nazi and Soviet psychiatry

7222: 6819:. Kiev: Издательство «Сфера» ; 2002. Russian. 4702: 3618: 2588:

participation in monitoring of future practice must be obligatory;

2327:

organized a conference against political abuse of psychiatry, and

1722:(CAPA), an organization constituted as the British section of the 13628: 13132: 12219: 12104: 12094: 12043: 11584: 10329: 9535:Мир советской психиатрии [The world of Soviet psychiatry] 9279:

26 July 2011; Retrieved 5 March 2013];30(1):131–135.

9237: 7163:

The therapeutic state: Psychiatry in the mirror of current events

6691:

Abandoned to the state: cruelty and neglect in Russian orphanages

6232:

The perversion of knowledge: the true story of the Soviet science

3069: 3067: 2690: 2422: 2366: 2214:

Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals

2071: 1850: 1814: 1456:

An In Absentia Psychiatric Opinion on the Case of P.G. Grigorenko

1325: 146: 8543:

Coercion in psychiatry: still an instrument of political misuse?

7691:

Swiss and American Psychiatric Associations vote to suspend USSR

4099: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3847: 3642: 3170: 2761:

after the visit of the team to the Soviet Union, a coup against

2546:

In the months prior to the Eighth World Psychiatric Assembly in

1364: 1288:

have long recorded the methods by which Soviet psychiatrists in

12287: 12089: 12028: 10963: 9966: 9935:(in Russian). New York: Издательство «Хроника» . Archived from 9574: 9530: 8589:. World psychiatry: readmitting the Soviet Union. 8497:

The work of the WPA Committee to Review the Abuse of Psychiatry

7079:. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009. 6948:

The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease

5791: 3238: 3236: 3223: 3221: 3196: 3194: 3192: 2983: 2971: 2852:

The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease

2555: 2551: 2547: 2491: 2389:

In 1989, the stonewalling of Soviet psychiatry was overcome by

2278: 2274: 2269: 2222: 2177: 2140: 1909:

UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness

1870: 1842: 1810: 1696:

Committee against the Special Psychiatric Hospitals in the USSR

1691: 1652: 1500: 926: 922: 918: 836: 15165: 9970:

No Asylum: State Psychiatric Repression in the Former U.S.S.R.

9850: 9221:. Soviet psychiatry: its supporters in the West. 8757:

Political neutrality and international cooperation in medicine

7965:

The political misuse of Soviet psychiatry: Honolulu and beyond

7370:

Sociolegal control of homosexuality: a multi-nation comparison

6794:Социодинамическая психиатрия [Sociodynamic Psychiatry] 4087: 3064: 1837:, and the Soviet psychiatric leaders met with colleagues from 13551: 13429: 12772: 12728:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

12234: 12017: 10096: 9875: 9272:

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

7903: 7610:

Psychiatric Official Denies Forcible Commitment of Dissidents

7142:

Soviet intellectuals and political power: the post-Stalin era

4953: 4123: 3903: 3874: 3383: 2282: 1731: 1546: 1460:

An In Absentia Forensic-psychiatric Report on P.G. Grigorenko

1321: 1265: 1055: 623: 14091:

Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR

9999:

International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry

9834:

International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry

9776: 9751: 9728: 9597:; 25 April 2014; p. duration 00.15.21 (part 1). Russian. 8791:

Former Soviet Dissidents Believed APA Pressure Forced Change

7313:

International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry

5968:

International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry

5956:

International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry

4656: 4654: 4639: 4585: 4247: 4223: 4196: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4040: 3233: 3218: 3189: 2176:

On 12 August 1982, in preparation for the World Congress in

1915:

Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness

1770:

Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

1736:

International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry

1601:, the Deputy Director of the Institute of Psychiatry of the 1555: 1432:— Bukovsky's 1971 letter addressed to Western psychiatrists 900:

Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

13663: 13439: 12312: 12194: 10086: 10030: 9079:

The prostitution of forensic psychiatry in the Soviet Union

6154:. Frankfurt am Main: Посев ; 1971. Russian. 4135: 4111: 2817: 2337: 2286: 1826: 1269: 9755:

Soviet psychiatric abuse: the shadow over world psychiatry

9084:

Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

8691:

The Special Committee on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry

8021:. Bukovsky appeals to Western psychiatrists. 6782:. Moscow: ЗАО Юстицинформ ; 2010. Russian. 6466:. Moscow: Юнити-Дана ; 2002. Russian. 6277:

Soviet psychiatric abuse: the shadow over world psychiatry

6063:

Development: Seeds of change, village through global order

4213: 4211: 4159: 3148: 3146: 2171: 1272:, the secret police and the precursor organization to the 1260:

ironic diminutive for "mental hospital". One of the first

13648: 13468: 12767: 12747: 12742: 9395: 8937:. Political Dissenters in Mental Hospitals. 8899:. Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails. 7210:

Psychiatry as a tool of coercion in post-Soviet countries

6640: 6303:

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5515: 5513: 5210: 5208: 5206: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4860: 4858: 4816: 4765: 4763: 4748: 4651: 4460: 4320: 4037: 3726:, pp. 80–81; see the Russian text of the letter in: 3695: 3407: 2629: 1273: 894: 751: 9994:

Soviet Political Psychiatry: The Story of the Opposition

9231: 7875:

Anatoly Koryagin: what next on Soviet psychiatric abuse?

7751:

World Psychiatric Association: The Declaration of Hawaii

6628:. Melbourne: Scribe Publications; 2001. 6581:

Russian youth: law, deviance, and the pursuit of freedom

5963:

Soviet Political Psychiatry: The Story of the Opposition

5949:. U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee; 1988. p. 3. 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5261: 5259: 5119: 5085: 4899: 4897: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4264: 4262: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 3825: 3823: 3808: 3670: 3570: 3504: 2527:

All-Union Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists

2373:

Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova

1901:

1978 saw a public statement made by Soviet psychiatrist

949:

Action Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR

8155:

Psychiatry and political repression in the Soviet Union

6929:. Central European University Press; 2004. 5776: 5556: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5402: 5400: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4492: 4490: 4208: 3521: 3519: 3434:, pp. 7, 47, 60, 67, 77, 259, 291; Koryagin ( 3143: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2959: 1873:; among the members was Marat Vartanyan from the USSR. 9425:Журнал невропатологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 8205:. Psychiatric abuse in the Soviet Union. 8051:. A manual on psychiatry for dissidents. 7905:

Bebtschuk, Marina; Smirnova, Daria; Khayretdinov, Oleg

7716: 6743:

Human rights in American and Russian political thought

6642:

Grigorenko, Elena; Ruzgis, Patricia; Sternberg, Robert

6478: 6430:. Milan: L'erba voglio; 1979. Italian. 5629: 5525: 5510: 5498: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5374: 5341: 5203: 5166: 5164: 5097: 5052: 5050: 5035: 4965: 4882: 4855: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4760: 4719: 4717: 4690: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4418: 4416: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3779: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2409:

as head of the psychiatric team; psychiatrists of the

15130: 9920: 9896: 8393:

Book Review: Robert van Voren, Cold War in Psychiatry

8093:. Psychiatrie-handbuch für dissidenten. 8043:. January–February 1975c;(13):36–61. Russian. 7387: 7037:. New York: St Martin's Press; 1988. 6144: 5893: 5873: 5688: 5641: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 4921: 4909: 4894: 4804: 4734: 4732: 4678: 4616: 4573: 4534: 4446: 4367: 4297: 4274: 4259: 4171: 3820: 3727: 3375: 2413:, including Scientific Director of the US Delegation 9952:] (in Russian). Moscow: "Совершенно секретно" . 9498:. Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails. 9297:

Political Abuse of Psychiatry—An Historical Overview

9233:

Voevoda, Vladimir; Chugunova, Nina; Krivtsov, Pavel

8373:Карательная психиатрия [Punitive psychiatry] 7907:. Family and family therapy in Russia. 7256:

Cold war in psychiatry: human factors, secret actors

7123:. University of Washington Press; 1979. 7098:

Changing American psychiatry: a personal perspective

6422: 6074: 5397: 5302: 5297: 4775: 4563: 4561: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4355: 4105: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3733: 3630: 3594: 3516: 3483: 3206: 3054: 2457:

and other anti-Soviet essays; distributing books by

1608:

In 1974, Bukovsky and the incarcerated psychiatrist

1466:

form in 1971 and was based on the medical record of

9943: 9691:

History of dissent in the USSR: contemporary period

9682: 9657: 8859: 6717:

Civil society and corruption: mobilizing for reform

6322: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5412: 5191: 5131: 5047: 4828: 4714: 4708: 4597: 4413: 3949: 3891: 3745: 3624: 3606: 3582: 3387: 3073: 2995: 2570:: Had political psychiatric abuse occurred or not? 2058:The psychiatric consultants to the commission were 1359: 1268:. In 1939 it was transferred to the control of the 1264:was the Psychiatric Prison Hospital in the city of 9345: 8836:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 8831:Genetic screening in the workplace: ethical issues 8563: 8071: 8063:. A dissident's guide to psychiatry. 6787: 6187:Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure: The RSFSR Codes 5710: 5585: 5561: 5380: 5239: 5220: 5141: 5066: 4792: 4729: 4522: 4147: 4093: 4025: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3427: 3158: 3103: 3079: 2989: 2977: 15216:Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union 10005: 9861:] (in Russian). Kiev: Издательство «Сфера» . 9709: 9267:Comparing Soviet and Chinese Political Psychiatry 7769: 7439:A new campaign against the political mind-benders 6662: 6394: 6332:. University of Toronto Press; 2007. 5900:Doctors and torture: resistance or collaboration? 4984: 4870: 4558: 4546: 4472: 4235: 4129: 3926: 3868: 3835: 3648: 3315: 3286: 3183: 2886: 2846:Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union 1581:In the same year, the Representative Body of the 15202: 13737:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 12713:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 9796: 8353:Monitors: Journal of Human Rights and Technology 8101: 8085:. September 1975;449(9):307–332. French. 8059: 8047: 8031: 7970:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 7656: 7623:Цитатник номера [Quote set of the issue] 6809: 6424:Bukovskij, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semen; Leva, Marco 6370: 6081:Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe 5727: 5573: 4666: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4060: 3976: 3431: 3327: 3242: 3200: 2796:In 1992, a new commission was created under the 2239:Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe 2098:were published in the key samizdat publication, 1712:London School of Economics and Political Science 11150:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 10557:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 9821: 9625: 9419: 9241:. 15–22 April 1989;(16):24–27. Russian. 9099: 8183: 8089: 7944:The Journal of the American Medical Association 6926:Between exile and asylum: an eastern epistolary 6760:. McGraw-Hill International; 2007. 6376:A manual of psychiatry for political dissidents 5757: 5360:US Delegation Report (Russian translation) 2009 5186: 5135: 5030: 4117: 3998: 3471: 3264: 3138: 3059:US Delegation Report (Russian translation) 2009 1489:. The psychiatrists described the documents in 9195:Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 8237:Это было в Афинах… [It was in Athens…] 7424: 7181: 7101:. American Psychiatric Pub; 2008. 6190:. Harvard University Press; 1972. 5853: 5278:Psychiatric Practices in the Soviet Union 1989 4959: 4645: 3920: 3885: 2743: 1280:, who was the head of the NKVD. International 15221:Persecution of dissidents in the Soviet Union 14060: 12873: 10046: 9640:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia 8861:Ougrin, Dennis; Gluzman, Semyon; Dratcu, Luiz 8321:Нейроnews: Психоневрология и нейропсихиатрия 7733: 7633: 7514:. 5 November 1977;2(6096):1204–1205. 7436: 7308:Soviet psychiatric abuse in the Gorbachev era 6853: 6270: 6246: 5996:Reform and human rights: the Gorbachev record 5026: 5010: 4943: 4660: 4591: 4466: 4450: 4349: 4253: 4229: 4202: 4141: 4048: 3799: 3723: 3319: 3227: 2950: 2523:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia 2384: 1445:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia 1203: 722: 12789:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 10340:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 9585: 9191:Secular humanism and "scientific psychiatry" 8537: 7791: 7677: 7586: 7565: 7482: 7462:. 8 September 1973;3(5879):509–510. 7191:. Transaction Publishers; 2001. 7029: 6885:. Transaction Publishers; 1980. 6863:. Transaction Publishers; 1986. 6831: 6746:. University Press of America; 1982. 6669:Ethics in Psychiatry: European Contributions 6584:. Transaction Publishers; 1995. 6480:De Boer, S.P.; Driessen, E.J.; Verhaar, H.L. 6456: 5792:Government publications and official reports 5673: 5671: 4822: 4754: 4454: 3803: 3764: 3676: 3664: 3371: 3097: 2894: 2769: 2297:, who served as the fourth president of the 2023:. The commission was formally linked to the 11650:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 9859:Soviet psychiatry: fallacies and wilfulness 9693:] (in Russian). Vilnius—Moscow: Весть . 9686:История инакомыслия в СССР: новейший период 9003:"Институт дураков" Виктора Некипелова [ 8095:Samisdat. Stimmen aus dem „anderen Rußland" 7135: 6985: 6647:Psychology of Russia: past, present, future 6606:. RC Psych Publications; 2011. 6603:International Perspectives on Mental Health 6574: 5939: 5060: 4165: 3384:Bebtschuk, Smirnova & Khayretdinov 2012 3339: 3258: 2878: 2657:The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and 1631:for Vladimir Bukovsky's release from prison 14067: 14053: 12880: 12866: 12753:United States involvement in regime change 10308:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 10053: 10039: 9967:Smith, Theresa; Oleszczuk, Thomas (1996). 9854:Советская психиатрия: Заблуждения и умысел 8053:Survey: A Journal of East and West Studies 7883:. 7 November 1987;295(6607):1164. 7620: 7301: 7007: 6919: 4738: 3576: 3510: 3491: 3455: 2954: 2907:Society for International Development 1984 2832:by political and legislative means during 1506: 1210: 1196: 729: 715: 14087:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union 9851:Korotenko, Ada; Alikina, Natalia (2002). 9634: 9630: [Retrieved 28 January 2013]. 9494: 9399:. 22 January 1983;286(6361):309. 8895: 8797:. 19 November 2010;45(22):11–26. 8359: 7947:. 21 November 1980;244(20):2354. 7933: 7847: 7825: 7644:. 8 September 1977;75(1068):571. 7363: 7327: 7113: 7049: 6907:. Xlibris Corporation; 2010. 6860:Soviet foreign policy in a changing world 6772: 6500: 5882:Political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR 5668: 5091: 4696: 4540: 4507: 4505: 3814: 3783: 3715: 3711: 3660: 3560: 3556: 3495: 3459: 3423: 3411: 3391: 2965: 2488:Psychiatric Practices in the Soviet Union 2159:Podrabinek, Alexander Voloshanovich, and 1627:Protest demonstration of January 1975 in 877:-10 of the Stalin Criminal Code—which as 9876:Medvedev, Zhores; Medvedev, Roy (1979). 9565: 9173:. July/August 2004;41(5):54–58. 9125: 9113:. September 2014;57(5):447–458. 9073: 9037: 9019: 8997: 8979: 8967:. September 1992;16(9):587–589. 8943:. August 1971;119(549):225–226. 8921:. 12 October 1978;25(15):70–71. 8907: 8869:. November 2006;30(12):456–459. 8649: 8615: 8595:. 30 June 1988;2(8605):268–269. 8585: 8479:Perspectives on Soviet Law for the 1980s 8413: 8331: 8311: 8295: 8279: 8201: 8129:. September 1985;36(9):925–928. 8055:. Winter–Spring 1975d;21(1):180–199. 8017: 7857:. 31 January 1976;1(5):122–123. 7805:. December 1993;163(6):713–720. 7779:. September 2014;21(3):243–255. 7776:Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 7341: 6973:. Human Rights Watch; 2002. 6736: 6710: 6552: 6434: 6356: 6344: 6226: 6158: 5706: 5662: 5041: 4684: 4361: 4217: 3992: 3988: 3775: 3739: 3707: 3600: 3525: 3487: 3467: 3463: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3379: 3347: 3323: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3152: 3122: 3042: 2882: 2812:Over five years, from 1998 to 2003, the 2798:Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation 2685:reeducate themselves and to lead a new, 2127: 1975: 1622: 1554: 1363: 1335:Moscow Institute for Forensic Psychiatry 826: 15236:Human rights abuses in the Soviet Union 12887: 10879:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 9777:Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1996). 9752:Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1985). 9729:Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1977). 9609: 9577:, USA: [TV interview], 9055: 8933: 8751: 8733: 8667: 8491: 8461:. February 2014;36(1):147–175. 8447: 8307:. 2009b;20(300):18–19. Russian. 8263: 8247: 8231: 8149: 8119: 8065:A Chronicle of Human Rights in the USSR 7869: 7659:Soviets Left WPA Under Expulsion Threat 7430:A Chronicle of Human Rights in the USSR 7091: 7017:. Karoma Publishers; 1980. 6875: 5682: 5678: 5406: 5335: 4610: 4434: 4422: 3897: 3829: 3751: 3719: 3696:Grigorenko, Ruzgis & Sternberg 1997 3545: 3451: 3447: 3415: 3408:Grigorenko, Ruzgis & Sternberg 1997 3395: 3331: 3134: 3126: 3085: 2902: 2724:The next day, the government newspaper 2516: 2172:Resolutions for expulsion or suspension 1643:airport and, after a short stay in the 1462:; this document started circulating in 964:Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia 15203: 12906:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 12723:Russian espionage in the United States 10995:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 9545: 9476: 9291: 9255:Вестник Ассоциации психиатров Украины 9245: 8881: 8825: 8685: 8681:. 16 April 2010;(47). Russian. 8427:. December 1978;4(4):217–218. 8387: 8343: 8273:Вестник Ассоциации психиатров Украины 8257:Вестник Ассоциации психиатров Украины 8073:Boukovsky, Vladimir; Glouzmann, Semion 7729:21 March 2012];5(19). Russian. 7665:. 19 November 2010;45(22):11. 7627:Вестник Ассоциации психиатров Украины 7614:The Current Digest of the Soviet Press 7249: 7243:Вестник Ассоциации психиатров Украины 7203: 7069: 6618: 6596: 6562:. Psychology Press; 2003. 6329:Madness and the mad in Russian culture 6292: 6214:. ERES; 2006. French. 6180: 6146:Artyomova, A.; Slavinsky, M.; Rar, L. 6098:2015-11-29];15(4 Suppl):1–79. 6011: 5993: 5974: 5834: 5816: 5798: 5721: 5635: 5619: 5552: 5540: 5519: 5504: 5475: 5347: 5289: 5214: 5197: 5182: 5120:Voevoda, Chugunova & Krivtsov 1989 5115: 5103: 5056: 5022: 5006: 5002: 4978: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4888: 4864: 4849: 4837: 4769: 4742: 4633: 4579: 4528: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4496: 4442: 4438: 4390: 4324: 4291: 4268: 4190: 4031: 3972: 3564: 3541: 3537: 3403: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3282: 3254: 3212: 3164: 3130: 3109: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2874: 2816:made three attempts to submit for the 2047:. In 1977, he completed a book titled 1694:, a group of doctors constituted the " 1346:Leningrad Psychoneurological Institute 798:Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute 14096:Committee on Human Rights in the USSR 14074: 14048: 12861: 12718:Soviet espionage in the United States 10874:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 10653:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 10318:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 10034: 9508: 9458: 9361: 9325: 9305:. January 2010a;36(1):33–35. 9261: 9217: 9185: 9159: 9101:Schmidt, Victoria; Shchurko, Tatsiana 9066:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 9048:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 9030:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 9012:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 8990:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 8809: 8785: 8744:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 8660:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 8629:. March 1989;154(3):336–340. 8517: 8484:American Journal of International Law 8473: 8097:. 1976;(Nr. 8):29–48. German. 7993: 7959: 7771:Abouelleil, Mohammed; Bingham, Rachel 7709:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 7681:The Yale Journal of International Law 7607: 7417:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 7402:Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal 7275: 7157: 6963: 6941: 6897: 6750: 6664:Helmchen, Hanfried; Sartorius, Norman 6650:. Nova Publishers; 1997. 6526: 6202: 6068:Society for International Development 6057:Society for International Development 5567: 5492: 5488: 5265: 5170: 5079: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4567: 4552: 4481: 4407: 4403: 4241: 4153: 4019: 3960: 3943: 3636: 3612: 3479: 3475: 3419: 3399: 3335: 2930: 2898: 2890: 2558:, and the one before that in 1977 in 1614:A Manual on Psychiatry for Dissidents 1562:(b. 1946), a Ukrainian psychiatrist, 1495:of August 1971 and wrote a letter to 1246:were often confined in the so-called 958:A Manual on Psychiatry for Dissidents 15286:Cold War history of the Soviet Union 12794:Soviet Union–United States relations 11145:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 9431: 9385: 9139:. August 1973;3(3):267–269. 8955: 8803:10.1176/pn.45.22.psychnews_45_22_023 8721:. January 2014;20(1):52–60. 8709: 8663:. 2007;(№ 3):82–90. Russian. 8565:Khvorostianov, Natalia; Elias, Nelly 8525:. January 2015;21(1):54–62. 8033:Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon 8005:. March 1990;14(3):129–133. 7913:. April 2012;24(2):121–127. 7757:. January 1978b;2(1):12–13. 7748: 7688: 7671:10.1176/pn.45.22.psychnews_45_22_024 7534: 7285:. Amsterdam & New York: 7259:. Amsterdam & New York: 6684: 6396:Bukovskiĭ, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon 6280:. Westview Press; 1985. 6234:. Westview Press; 2004. 4990: 4947: 4876: 4672: 4345: 4341: 3780:De Boer, Driessen & Verhaar 1982 3588: 3499: 2011:, a 30-year-old computer programmer 1745: 12758:Soviet involvement in regime change 9464:Moscow silencing psychiatry critics 9427:. 1990;(90):70–74. Russian. 9391:Imprisonment of Dr Anatoly Koryagin 9373:. June 1991;15(6):369–370. 9347:Vinogradova, Lyubov; Savenko, Yuri 9051:. 2007b;(3):75–77. Russian. 8839:. June 1983;25(6):451–454. 8401:. June 2011;22(2):246–247. 8103:Bukovsky, Vladimir; Reddaway, Peter 8061:Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon 8049:Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon 7973:. June 1980;14(2):109–114. 7843:2 February 2014];37(2):387–426. 7701: 7503: 7451: 7409: 7394: 6789:Korolenko, Caesar; Dmitrieva, Nina 6372:Bukovsky, Vladimir; Gluzman, Semyon 6324:Brintlinger, Angela; Vinitsky, Ilya 6030: 5915: 5750: 5736: 5694: 5623: 5607: 5603: 5591: 5579: 5391: 5293: 5250: 5233: 4723: 4337: 4072:Bukovsky and Gluzman ( 4007: 3841: 3795: 3728:Artyomova, Rar & Slavinsky 1971 3462:, pp. 243, 252; Savenko ( 3270: 2870: 2605:West German Psychiatric Association 2411:National Institute of Mental Health 2154:In the autumn of 1978, the British 1940: 803:Independent Psychiatric Association 13: 12799:Soviet Union–United States summits 10273:1947 Polish parliamentary election 10158:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 9712:Droit d'asiles en Union Soviétique 9651: 9069:. 2010;(4):13–17. Russian. 9033:. 2007a;(3):9–10. Russian. 8747:. 2010;(1):69–71. Russian. 8505:. June 2002;1(2):126–127. 8185:Freedman, Alfred; Halpern, Abraham 8091:Bukowski, Wladimir; Gluzman, Semen 7910:International Review of Psychiatry 7388:Journal articles and book chapters 6951:. Beacon Press; 2010. 4106:Bukovskij, Gluzman & Leva 1979 2823:Fundamentals of Health Legislation 2754:Commonwealth of Independent States 2541: 2263: 1720:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse 1539: 773:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse 14: 15302: 15246:Mental health in the Soviet Union 11560:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 11495:United States invasion of Grenada 10765:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 10706:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 9825:On Soviet totalitarian psychiatry 9197:. 25 April 2006;1(1):E5. 8940:The British Journal of Psychiatry 8719:Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 8626:The British Journal of Psychiatry 8523:Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 8291:. 2009a;15(289). Russian. 8163:. 1982;37(10):1105–1112. 8126:Hospital and Community Psychiatry 7802:The British Journal of Psychiatry 7595:. February 1981;5(2):36. 7545:. June 1978a;4(2):71–73. 7491:. January 1979;3(1):5–7. 6811:Korotenko, Ada; Alikina, Natalia 6168:. CUP Archive; 1984. 5132:Ougrin, Gluzman & Dratcu 2006 3100:, pp. 36, 140, 156, 178–181. 3074:Ougrin, Gluzman & Dratcu 2006 1316:'s regime. However, according to 744:Psychiatry in Russia and the USSR 15231:Human rights in the Soviet Union 15188: 15176: 15164: 15152: 15140: 14029: 14028: 14016: 11635:United States invasion of Panama 11485:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 11125:1971 Turkish military memorandum 11088:Communist insurgency in Thailand 11058:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 10990:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 10817:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 10745:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 10263:Restatement of Policy on Germany 9131:Psychiatry and the neurosciences 8845:10.1097/00043764-198306000-00009 8765:. June 1978;4(2):74–77. 7953:10.1001/jama.1980.03310200078038 7854:The Medical Journal of Australia 7736:The spread of Soviet suppression 7351:. Hutchinson; 1991. 7303:Voren, Robert van; Bloch, Sidney 7145:. I.B.Tauris; 1990. 6841:. Free Press; 1997. 6400:Håndbog i psykiatri for afvigere 5903:. Bellew Pub; 1991. 5700: 5613: 5597: 5546: 5481: 5283: 5176: 5125: 5109: 5016: 4996: 4933: 2431:American Psychiatric Association 2252:American Psychiatric Association 2199:Socialist Unity Party of Germany 2182:American Psychiatric Association 2031:along with ten others including 1752:American Psychiatric Association 1603:USSR Academy of Medical Sciences 1360:Soviet psychiatric abuse exposed 788:Struggle against political abuse 689: 28: 12355:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 11736:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 11665:Fall of the inner German border 11565:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 11215:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 11205:Spanish transition to democracy 11165:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 10792:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 10298:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 10179:Occupation of the Baltic states 9646:; 22 October 2013. Russian. 9341:22 July 2015]. Russian. 8697:. May 1981;5(5):94–95. 8539:Keukens, Rob; Voren, Robert van 8107:A Letter from Vladimir Bukovsky 7744:. 25 May 1978;78(1104):493. 7574:. May 1980;4(5):70–71. 7183:Spector, Malcolm; Kitsuse, John 6995:. Routledge; 2015. 6131:7 April 2014]. Russian. 6121:Global Initiative on Psychiatry 6024:U.S. Government Printing Office 6005:U.S. Government Printing Office 5987:U.S. Government Printing Office 5927:. 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The report was published in 2299:Royal College of Psychiatrists 2165:Royal College of Psychiatrists 2156:Royal College of Psychiatrists 2133:Royal College of Psychiatrists 1775:Royal College of Psychiatrists 1184:Ukrainian language suppression 754:(managing organ of psychiatry) 1: 15241:Human rights abuses in Russia 13569:Political abuse of psychiatry 13361:Congress of People's Deputies 12733:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 11748:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 11701:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 11423:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 11388:Seven Days to the River Rhine 11120:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 10407:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 10335:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 9944:Prokopenko, Anatoly (1997). 9541:2012-01-19]. Russian. 9451: 9257:. 2013b;(2). Russian. 9087:. 1980;8(1):111–113. 9015:. 2005b;(4). Russian. 8993:. 2005a;(1). Russian. 8819:Columbia Journal of Asian Law 8601:10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92549-4 7793:Adler, Nancy; Gluzman, Semyon 7589:News Items: Dr Semyon Gluzman 7485:Autumn Quarterly Meeting 1978 7447:. 1 July 1976;71(1007):4. 7237:Voren, Robert van . 6855:Laird, Robbin; Hoffmann, Erik 6514:; 2001. Russian. 6037:World Psychiatric Association 4130:Bukovskiĭ & Gluzman 1975b 3869:Helmchen & Sartorius 2010 3649:Helmchen & Sartorius 2010 3316:Abouelleil & Bingham 2014 3287:Helmchen & Sartorius 2010 3184:Helmchen & Sartorius 2010 2887:Helmchen & Sartorius 2010 2858: 2756:), the WPA General Secretary 2601:Swiss Psychiatric Association 2346:World Psychiatric Association 2218:World Psychiatric Association 2101:A Chronicle of Current Events 1921:UN Commission on Human Rights 1589:passed the following motion: 1492:British Journal of Psychiatry 1440:A Chronicle of Current Events 1046:Purges of the Communist Party 973: 911:World Psychiatric Association 849:political abuse of psychiatry 835:(the part of its building in 644:Political abuse of psychiatry 223:Congress of People's Deputies 11726:Fall of communism in Albania 11696:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 11645:Polish Round Table Agreement 10985:1968 Polish political crisis 10802:Eritrean War of Independence 10568:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 10463:East German uprising of 1953 10395:Chinese Communist Revolution 10060: 9714:. Paris: Editions Julliard. 9697:The Russian text of the book 9683:Alexeyeva, Ludmilla (1992). 9658:Alexeyeva, Ludmilla (1987). 9357:. 2006;(6). Russian. 8918:The New York Review of Books 8407:10.1177/0957154X110220020802 8323:. January 2010 [ 8305:Новости медицины и фармации 8289:Новости медицины и фармации 8275:. 2013;(2). Russian. 8259:. 2012;(1). Russian. 8241:Новости медицины и фармации 8211:. 1984;21(5):54–59. 8194:The New York Review of Books 8169:10.1037/0003-066x.37.10.1105 8112:The New York Review of Books 7919:10.3109/09540261.2012.656305 7712:. 2004;(2). Russian. 7678: Soviet psychiatry. 7629:. 2013;(5). Russian. 7405:. 2005;(4). Russian. 7365:West, Donald; Green, Richard 7245:. 2013;(5). Russian. 7188:Constructing social problems 6833:Kutchins, Herb; Kirk, Stuart 5557:Human Rights Watch 1952–2003 4061:Bukovsky & Gluzman 1975c 3977:Bukovsky & Reddaway 1972 3432:Korotenko & Alikina 2002 3328:Korotenko & Alikina 2002 3243:Bukovsky & Gluzman 1975a 2358:stated in an interview with 2235:Committee on Foreign Affairs 22:Politics of the Soviet Union 7: 13732:Academy of Medical Sciences 11600:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 11328:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 11073:Corrective Movement (Syria) 11037:New People's Army rebellion 11032:Sino-Soviet border conflict 10760:Angolan War of Independence 10623:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 10503:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 10148:Jamaican political conflict 9603: 9445:. March/April 1985:349. 9337:. 5 July 2015 [ 8041:Хроника защиты прав в СССР 6722:University Press of America 6488:. BRILL; 1982. 6444:. Wiley; 1993. 6104:10.1093/schbul/15.suppl_1.1 5918:British Medical Association 5768:; 22 January 1970 [ 5375:Neprikosnovennyj zapas 2001 5136:Zharikov & Kiselev 1990 5031:Freedman & Halpern 1989 4118:Bukowski & Gluzman 1976 3472:Schmidt & Shchurko 2014 2909:, p. 19; US GPO ( 2839: 2744:Visit of the WPA delegation 2638:Jorge Alberto Costa e Silva 2310: 1583:British Medical Association 768:Political abuse in the USSR 183:Central Executive Committee 10: 15307: 15226:Imprisonment and detention 11796:Sino-Indian border dispute 11625:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 11555:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 11313:1976 Argentine coup d'état 11225:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 11175:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 10859:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 10827:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 10516:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 10283:Asian Relations Conference 10006:Voren, Robert van (2009). 9805:W. W. Norton & Company 9710:Antébi, Elizabeth (1977). 9626: Merriam-Webster. 9405:10.1136/bmj.286.6361.309-a 8961:Kenneth Rawnsley: Obituary 7684:. Fall 1985;11(1):354. 6160:Ball, Terence; Farr, James 5745: 4447:Amnesty International 1983 3921:Spector & Kitsuse 2001 3886:Spector & Kitsuse 2001 3390:, pp. 292, 293, 294; 3376:Amnesty International 1991 2787:Supreme Soviet of the USSR 2773: 2705:Secretary a short letter: 2385:Visit of the US delegation 2187:German Democratic Republic 1969: 1912: 1807:German Democratic Republic 1793:under the chairmanship of 1011:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 14140: 14116:Lithuanian Helsinki Group 14082: 14010: 13954: 13928: 13848: 13771: 13762: 13707: 13614: 13577: 13517: 13420: 13382: 13302: 13164: 13155: 13105: 13053: 13044: 12896: 12832: 12781: 12703: 12680:William Appleman Williams 12625:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 12407: 12379: 12328: 12260: 12253: 12187: 12052: 11977: 11907: 11900: 11809: 11756: 11688: 11401: 11140:Bangladesh Liberation War 11130:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 11045: 11017:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 11005:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 10668: 10443:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 10420: 10130: 10068: 9975:New York University Press 9797:Fireside, Harvey (1982). 9666:Wesleyan University Press 9482:Speak Out? Are You Crazy? 9227:. 2 January 1978:4–5. 9145:10.1017/S0033291700049576 9110:International Social Work 8762:Journal of Medical Ethics 8727:10.1192/apt.bp.112.010330 8570:International Social Work 8557:10.1186/1471-244X-7-S1-S4 8531:10.1192/apt.bp.114.013409 8424:Journal of Medical Ethics 8355:. February 1997;1(1). 8339:. 2010b. Russian. 7979:10.3109/00048678009159364 7889:10.1136/bmj.295.6607.1164 7542:Journal of Medical Ethics 5298:US Delegation Report 1989 5027:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 5011:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 4944:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 4592:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 4451:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 4350:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 4254:Bloch & Reddaway 1977 4230:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 4203:Bloch & Reddaway 1977 4142:Laird & Hoffmann 1986 3800:Bloch & Reddaway 1977 3724:Bloch & Reddaway 1977 3484:US Delegation Report 1989 3320:Bloch & Reddaway 1985 3228:Bloch & Reddaway 1977 3055:US Delegation Report 1989 2951:Bloch & Reddaway 1977 2776:Russian Mental Health Law 2770:Russian Mental Health Law 2079:and British psychiatrist 1802:World Health Organization 1795:Deputy Minister of Health 1585:at its annual meeting at 1424:Thanking you in advance, 1421:ways harmful to mankind. 854:During the leadership of 763:Political abuse in Russia 539:Material balance planning 240:1989 Legislative election 15276:United Nations documents 14111:Ukrainian Helsinki Group 11455:1980 Turkish coup d'état 11290:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 11260:1978 Somali coup attempt 11220:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 11185:1973 Chilean coup d'état 11010:Revolutionary Government 10904:South African Border War 10696:1960 Turkish coup d'état 10613:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 10468:1953 Iranian coup d'état 10448:1952 Egyptian revolution 9945: 9923: 9853: 9822:Gluzman, Semyon (1989). 9780: 9685: 9119:10.1177/0020872814537852 9007:by Viktor Nekipelov] 8579:10.1177/0020872815574131 6137: 6077:U.S. Department of State 3677:Keukens & Voren 2007 3458:, pp. 10, 57, 136; 3372:Adler & Gluzman 1993 2895:Kutchins & Kirk 1997 2695:Republic of South Africa 2509:, on the website of the 2447:Ukrainian Helsinki Group 2399:United States government 1252:, or psychiatric wards. 968:fall of the Soviet Union 783:Cases of political abuse 354:Administrator of Affairs 15266:Law of the Soviet Union 15251:Mental health in Russia 14315:Alexander Esenin-Volpin 14170:Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko 14023:Soviet Union portal 11660:Fall of the Berlin Wall 11605:People Power Revolution 11590:Central American crisis 11530:1986 Black Sea incident 11180:1973 Afghan coup d'état 11078:Western Sahara conflict 10889:1966 Syrian coup d'état 10812:1963 Syrian coup d'état 10755:Portuguese Colonial War 10718:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 10483:1954 Syrian coup d'état 10360:Annexation of Hyderabad 10303:1947–1949 Palestine war 9559:. 22 February 2013. 9504:. 12 March 1971b:8. 8949:10.1192/bjp.119.549.225 8197:. 21 December 1989. 8067:. 1975e;(13):31–57. 7880:British Medical Journal 7723:Неприкосновенный запас 7520:10.1136/bmj.2.6096.1204 7511:British Medical Journal 7459:British Medical Journal 3494:, pp. 92, 95, 98; 2205:British Medical Journal 2060:Alexander Voloshanovich 2053:prisoners of conscience 1651:where later moved from 1507:Congress in Mexico City 758:Mental health in Russia 696:Soviet Union portal 208:Soviet of Nationalities 14985:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 14750:Valeriya Novodvorskaya 13915:Stalinist architecture 13669:Science and technology 13579:Ideological repression 13507:Soviet Airborne Forces 13445:Destruction battalions 11954:Neoclassical economics 11465:Gulf of Sidra incident 11022:1969 Libyan revolution 10713:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 10498:1954 Geneva Conference 10258:Turkish straits crisis 10253:Corfu Channel incident 10012:. Amsterdam—New York: 9788:(in Russian) (13–14): 9587:Boltyanskaya, Natella 9522:. 30 January 1983. 9302:Schizophrenia Bulletin 9165:Pharmacracy in America 9136:Psychological Medicine 8458:Human Rights Quarterly 8024:Intercontinental Press 7836:Santa Clara Law Review 7468:10.1136/bmj.3.5879.509 7432:. 1982;(45–48):62. 6091:Schizophrenia Bulletin 6070:; 1984. p. 19. 5941:Fitzpatrick, Catherine 5869:; 1984. p. 67. 4739:Voren & Bloch 1989 3492:Voren & Bloch 1989 2722: 2712: 2676: 2497:Schizophrenia Bulletin 2459:Alexander Solzhenitsyn 2308: 2261: 2212:, the chairman of the 2208:published a letter by 2143: 2004: 1891: 1831:Ivan Pavlovich Abramov 1761:On 10 September 1976, 1632: 1595: 1579: 1570: 1434: 1392: 1282:human rights defenders 1070:Ideological repression 887:sluggish schizophrenia 840: 808:Sluggish schizophrenia 639:Ideological repression 529:Science and technology 14815:Alexander Piatigorsky 14790:Konstantin Paustovsky 14760:Alexander Ogorodnikov 14400:Natalya Gorbanevskaya 14365:Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev 14106:Moscow Helsinki Group 14101:Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund 13697:List of metro systems 13250:Collective leadership 12804:Russia–NATO relations 12685:Jonathan Reed Winkler 11969:Democratic capitalism 11964:Supply-side economics 11932:American conservatism 11731:Breakup of Yugoslavia 11620:Bougainville conflict 11535:South Yemen civil war 11470:Martial law in Poland 11333:Nicaraguan Revolution 11308:Dirty War (Argentina) 11115:1971 JVP insurrection 10929:Years of Lead (Italy) 10807:North Yemen civil war 10725:Berlin Crisis of 1961 10701:Albanian–Soviet split 10633:1959 Tibetan uprising 10598:Syrian Crisis of 1957 10453:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 10313:1948 Arab–Israeli War 9907:: Karoma Publishers. 9779:"Diagnosis: dissent" 9702:20 March 2017 at the 9566:Audio-visual material 9379:10.1192/pb.15.6.369-a 9311:10.1093/schbul/sbp119 9203:10.1186/1747-5341-1-5 8635:10.1192/bjp.154.3.336 8467:10.1353/hrq.2014.0013 8433:10.1136/jme.4.4.217-b 8419:Declaration of Hawaii 8398:History of Psychiatry 8160:American Psychologist 7811:10.1192/bjp.163.6.713 7785:10.1353/ppp.2014.0043 7537:Declaration of Hawaii 7420:. 2009;(1):85–86. 7137:Shlapentokh, Vladimir 7076:Torture and Democracy 7031:Pospielovsky, Dimitry 6458:Chernosvitov, Evgeny 6380:Amnesty International 5889:; 1983. p. 1. 5887:Amnesty International 5876:Amnesty International 3557:West & Green 1997 3496:West & Green 1997 3201:Psychiatric News 2010 2717: 2707: 2654: 2634:Church of Scientology 2325:Italian Radical Party 2303: 2256: 2131: 2111:Information Bulletins 2106:Information Bulletins 2096:Information Bulletins 2092:Information Bulletins 2088:Information Bulletins 2025:Moscow Helsinki Group 1989:human rights activist 1983:(b. 1938), a Russian 1979: 1886: 1626: 1591: 1575: 1564:human rights activist 1558: 1395: 1377:human rights activist 1371:(b. 1942), a British 1367: 1276:, under the order of 830: 72:Collective leadership 15261:Ethics in psychiatry 15060:Andrei Tverdokhlebov 14835:Vladimir Pribylovsky 14650:Michail J. Makarenko 14490:Vitaliy Kalynychenko 14260:Viacheslav Chornovil 13659:Net material product 13602:Censorship of images 13519:Political repression 13479:Soviet Border Troops 13412:First Deputy Premier 12996:1965 economic reform 12991:Soviet space program 12225:Non-Aligned Movement 11847:Peaceful coexistence 11801:North Borneo dispute 11716:German reunification 11711:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 11409:Salvadoran Civil War 11358:Grand Mosque seizure 11353:Yemenite War of 1979 11245:Mozambican Civil War 11200:Carnation Revolution 11155:Yemenite War of 1972 11093:1970 Polish protests 10924:1967 Hong Kong riots 10899:Argentine Revolution 10849:Guatemalan Civil War 10777:Cuban Missile Crisis 10691:Bay of Pigs Invasion 10563:1956 Poznań protests 10541:Geneva Summit (1955) 10143:Hukbalahap Rebellion 10122:Non-Aligned Movement 9924:Карательная медицина 9800:Soviet Psychoprisons 9781:Диагноз: инакомыслие 9442:Wisconsin Law Review 9275:. 2002 [ 8891:. 2006;39:71–97. 8875:10.1192/pb.30.12.456 8361:Gushansky, Emmanuil 7839:. 1997 [ 7725:. 2001 [ 7009:Podrabinek, Alexandr 6987:Pietikäinen, Petteri 6306:. 2002 [ 6094:. 1989 [ 5187:Merriam-Webster 2013 3394:, pp. 84, 108; 3380:Ball & Farr 1984 3139:Soviet Archives 1970 2758:Juan José Lopez Ibor 2733:Meditsinskaya Gazeta 2597:Australasian College 2517:Establishing the IPA 2502:USSR Health Ministry 2315:The freedoms of the 1710:and lecturer at the 1647:, took up refuge in 1487:Sheffield University 1301:Soviet secret police 1292:hospitals diagnosed 1242:In the Soviet Union 1237:Alexander Podrabinek 1179:Repressions of Poles 1174:Population transfers 1032:Political repression 966:continues after the 902:published after the 649:Political repression 614:Censorship of images 344:First Deputy Premier 82:Presidential Council 15005:Aleksandras Štromas 15000:Vladimir Strelnikov 14995:Galina Starovoytova 14945:Alexander Shatravka 14855:Irina Ratushinskaya 14825:Alexandr Podrabinek 14805:Yekaterina Peshkova 14680:Myroslav Marynovych 14665:Nadezhda Mandelstam 14555:Zoya Krakhmalnikova 14505:Ephraim Kholmyansky 14475:Sofiya Kalistratova 13727:Academy of Sciences 13542:Population transfer 13486:Soviet Armed Forces 13349:Congress of Soviets 13330:Presidium/Politburo 13294:Soviet anti-Zionism 13143:West Siberian Plain 13021:Revolutions of 1989 12958:Great Patriotic War 12943:New Economic Policy 12670:Alex von Tunzelmann 12660:Vladimir Tismăneanu 12585:Thomas J. McCormick 12580:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 12480:Robert Hugh Ferrell 12343:Crusade for Freedom 12140:Illiberal democracy 12024:Ho Chi Minh Thought 11827:Eisenhower Doctrine 11680:Peaceful Revolution 11675:Romanian Revolution 11655:Revolutions of 1989 11640:1988 Polish strikes 11550:Operation INFEKTION 11545:1987 Lieyu massacre 11450:Eritrean Civil Wars 11433:Peruvian Revolution 11383:1979 Herat uprising 11373:Sino-Vietnamese War 11338:Uganda–Tanzania War 11318:Egyptian–Libyan War 11285:Third Indochina War 11280:Sino-Albanian split 11270:Ethiopian Civil War 11170:Eritrean Civil Wars 11110:Ping-pong diplomacy 11083:Cambodian Civil War 10909:Korean DMZ Conflict 10894:Cultural Revolution 10864:Dominican Civil War 10842:Tlatelolco massacre 10628:1959 Mosul uprising 10618:1958 Lebanon crisis 10345:Al-Wathbah uprising 10268:First Indochina War 10238:Iran crisis of 1946 9735:Victor Gollancz Ltd 9615:BBC Russian Service 9472:. 26 July 1981. 8973:10.1192/pb.16.9.587 8367:]. In: 8135:10.1176/ps.36.9.925 8115:. 9 March 1972. 8011:10.1192/pb.14.3.129 7454:Abuse of Psychiatry 7215:European Parliament 7051:Pukhovsky, Nikolai 6921:Matvejević, Predrag 6502:Dmitrieva, Tatyana 6358:Bukovsky, Vladimir 6346:Bukovsky, Vladimir 6256:Victor Gollancz Ltd 5785:12 March 2012]. 4960:Khronika Press 1982 4646:Americas Watch 1984 2361:Corriere della Sera 2045:Alexandr Podrabinek 2037:Anatoly Shcharansky 1763:Chairman of the KGB 1458:otherwise known as 1169:National operations 1061:Punitive psychiatry 988:Economic repression 983:in the Soviet Union 664:Suppressed research 654:Population transfer 524:New Economic Policy 203:Soviet of the Union 173:Congress of Soviets 15115:Alexander Zinoviev 15105:Venedikt Yerofeyev 15085:Vladimir Voinovich 15065:Tatyana Velikanova 14845:Anatoly Pristavkin 14715:Yosef Mendelevitch 14595:Mikhail Leontovich 14410:Sergei Grigoryants 14380:Alexander Ginzburg 14370:Zviad Gamsakhurdia 14280:Andrey Derevyankin 14215:Alexander Bolonkin 14155:Lyudmila Alexeyeva 13372:Military Collegium 13240:Capital punishment 13118:Caucasus Mountains 13031:Post-Soviet states 12911:Russian Revolution 12824:Russian Revolution 12620:Mary Elise Sarotte 12605:William B. Pickett 12530:Patrick J. Hearden 12510:Gabriel Gorodetsky 12505:Timothy Garton Ash 12490:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 12085:Ethnic nationalism 11837:Hallstein Doctrine 11721:Yemeni unification 11510:1985 Geneva Summit 11475:Casamance conflict 11378:New Jewel Movement 11363:Iranian Revolution 11348:Chadian–Libyan War 11295:Cambodian conflict 11275:Lebanese Civil War 11265:Western Sahara War 11240:June 1976 protests 11235:Cambodian genocide 11000:17 July Revolution 10954:Nigerian Civil War 10869:Rhodesian Bush War 10854:Colombian conflict 10797:Ramadan Revolution 10536:Bandung Conference 10412:Operation Valuable 10293:Partition of India 9556:The Ukrainian Week 9519:The New York Times 9490:. 30 May 2006. 9469:The New York Times 9355:Альманах «Неволя» 9247:Voren, Robert van 9179:10.1007/BF02688218 9005:Institute of fools 8771:10.1136/jme.4.2.74 8735:Magalif, Alexandr 8415:Helmchen, Hanfried 8217:10.1007/BF02695434 8019:Bukovsky, Vladimir 7616:. 1973;25(32). 7551:10.1136/jme.4.2.71 7115:Schroeter, Leonard 6992:Madness: A History 6904:Reflexive Practice 6696:Human Rights Watch 6576:Finckenauer, James 6510:. Mоscow: 6378:. London: 6046:. London: 5966:. London: 5862:Human Rights Watch 5709:, pp. 75–77; 4661:New Scientist 1978 4467:New Scientist 1977 4352:, pp. 233–239 4049:New Scientist 1976 3378:, pp. 9, 64; 3257:, pp. 16–18; 2482:or schizophrenia. 2463:Alexander Zinoviev 2353:Chief Psychiatrist 2161:Vladimir Moskalkov 2144: 2013:Vyacheslav Bakhmin 2005: 1993:political prisoner 1948:Jean-Yves Gosselin 1785:, Georgi Morozov, 1783:Andrei Snezhnevsky 1779:Ministry of Health 1669:Vladimir Voinovich 1633: 1571: 1568:political prisoner 1503:in November 1971. 1393: 1381:political prisoner 1350:Vladimir Bekhterev 883:Andrei Snezhnevsky 841: 778:Working Commission 398:Procurator General 386:Military Collegium 15291:Era of Stagnation 15128: 15127: 15090:Michael Voslenski 15035:Alexander Tarasov 15015:Nadiya Svitlychna 14905:Shmuel Schneurson 14830:Grigory Pomerants 14745:Alexander Nekrich 14685:Grigorii Maksimov 14675:Valeriy Marchenko 14670:Anatoly Marchenko 14575:Anatoly Kuznetsov 14465:Boris Kagarlitsky 14385:Yevgenia Ginzburg 14375:Vladimir Gershuni 14300:Mustafa Dzhemilev 14265:Lydia Chukovskaya 14255:Boris Chichibabin 14240:Vladimir Bukovsky 14230:Vladimir Bougrine 14076:Soviet dissidents 14042: 14041: 14006: 14005: 13998:Hammer and sickle 13940:and their groups 13938:Soviet dissidents 13717:Communist Academy 13634:Economic planning 13610: 13609: 13503:Soviet Air Forces 13422:Security services 13342:General Secretary 13325:Central Committee 13267:Political parties 13199:Brezhnev Doctrine 13194:Foreign relations 13151: 13150: 13092:Autonomous okrugs 13006:Soviet–Afghan War 12986:Sino-Soviet split 12928:Russian Civil War 12855: 12854: 12842:List of conflicts 12690:Rudolph Winnacker 12635:Giles Scott-Smith 12610:Ronald E. Powaski 12565:Melvyn P. Leffler 12495:John Lewis Gaddis 12470:Robert D. English 12435:Warren H. Carroll 12425:Michael Beschloss 12394:Nuclear arms race 12375: 12374: 12281:Neues Deutschland 12183: 12182: 12165:White nationalism 12135:Liberal democracy 11872:Ulbricht Doctrine 11862:Brezhnev Doctrine 11670:Velvet Revolution 11414:Soviet–Afghan War 11230:Angolan Civil War 11027:Goulash Communism 10884:ASEAN Declaration 10837:Mexican Dirty War 10735:Annexation of Goa 10686:1960 U-2 incident 10660:Sino-Soviet split 10638:Laotian Civil War 10478:Bricker Amendment 10458:Mau Mau rebellion 10402:Malayan Emergency 10390:Chinese Civil War 10350:Tito–Stalin split 10204:Division of Korea 10023:978-90-420-2585-1 10014:Rodopi Publishers 9984:978-0-8147-8061-9 9959:978-5-85275-145-4 9929:Punitive medicine 9914:978-0-89720-022-6 9900:Punitive medicine 9889:978-0-393-00921-7 9868:978-966-7841-36-2 9843:978-90-72657-02-2 9814:978-0-393-00065-8 9769:978-0-8133-0209-6 9744:978-0-575-02318-5 9721:978-2-260-00065-5 9675:978-0-8195-6176-3 9636:Kekelidze, Zurab 9621:; 9 October 2009. 9487:Los Angeles Times 9367:Soviet psychiatry 9327:Voren, Robert van 9293:Voren, Robert van 9263:Voren, Robert van 8888:Israel Law Review 8821:. 2000;14(1). 8703:10.1192/pb.5.5.94 8651:Kovalyov, Andrei 8617:Koryagin, Anatoly 8587:Koryagin, Anatoly 8493:Kastrup, Marianne 8027:. 1971;9:392. 7939:Punitive Medicine 7935:Bernstein, Norman 7849:Alexéyeff, Sergei 7827:Alexander, George 7763:10.1192/pb.2.1.12 7697:. 1982;8:381. 7601:10.1192/pb.5.2.36 7580:10.1192/pb.4.5.70 7295:978-90-420-2585-1 7287:Rodopi Publishers 7277:Voren, Robert van 7263:; 2010b. 7261:Rodopi Publishers 7251:Voren, Robert van 7231:978-92-823-4595-5 7217:; 2013a. 7205:Voren, Robert van 7014:Punitive medicine 6774:Kondratev, Fedor 6712:Johnston, Michael 6382:; 1975a. 6222:. p. 187–191. 5764:Vladimir Bukovsky 5697:, pp. 85–86. 4823:Psychiatrist 1979 4755:Psychiatrist 1980 4455:Yale Journal 1985 3804:Psychiatrist 1981 3765:Boltyanskaya 2014 3763:Watch from 07.47 3710:; Reddaway ( 3665:Chernosvitov 2002 3098:Pospielovsky 1988 2763:Mikhail Gorbachev 2572:Alexander Tiganov 2455:Vladimir Vysotsky 2379:Gennady Milyokhin 2356:Aleksandr Churkin 2195:Central Committee 2191:Gorald Gorinovich 2149:Leonard Ternovsky 2123:Vladimir Bukovsky 2049:Punitive Medicine 1863:Hanfried Helmchen 1798:Dmitri Venediktov 1768:submitted to the 1746:Honolulu Congress 1476:Vladimir Bukovsky 1373:neurophysiologist 1369:Vladimir Bukovsky 1233:Punitive Medicine 1220: 1219: 1164:De-Cossackization 1156:Ethnic repression 935:Vladimir Bukovsky 856:General Secretary 833:Serbsky Institute 825: 824: 739: 738: 681: 680: 534:Era of Stagnation 476: 475: 361: 360: 249: 248: 155: 154: 126:General Secretary 111:Central Committee 15298: 15193: 15192: 15181: 15180: 15169: 15168: 15157: 15156: 15155: 15145: 15144: 15136: 15110:Yevgeny Zamyatin 15095:Anatoly Yakobson 15055:Valentin Turchin 14965:Andrei Sinyavsky 14955:Yurii Shukhevych 14950:Vladimir Shelkov 14935:Avital Sharansky 14925:Igor Shafarevich 14850:Boris Pustyntsev 14735:Viktor Nekipelov 14645:Kronid Lyubarsky 14635:Levko Lukyanenko 14600:Alexander Lerner 14580:Eduard Kuznetsov 14565:Yuri Kublanovsky 14530:Anatoly Koryagin 14430:Paruyr Hayrikyan 14405:Pyotr Grigorenko 14390:Anatoly Gladilin 14360:Alexander Galich 14310:Abulfaz Elchibey 14285:David Devdariani 14200:Nikolai Berdyaev 14195:Arkadiy Belinkov 14165:Chabua Amirejibi 14069: 14062: 14055: 14046: 14045: 14032: 14031: 14021: 14020: 14019: 13769: 13768: 13677: 13532:Collectivization 13277:Marxism–Leninism 13162: 13161: 13051: 13050: 12882: 12875: 12868: 12859: 12858: 12600:David S. Painter 12525:John Earl Haynes 12455:Nicholas J. Cull 12440:Adrian Cioroianu 12420:Thomas A. Bailey 12367:Voice of America 12258: 12257: 12170:White separatism 12150:Social democracy 12145:Guided democracy 12125:Authoritarianism 12075:Ultranationalism 12065:Anti-imperialism 11992:Marxism–Leninism 11905: 11904: 11892:Kinmen Agreement 11857:Johnson Doctrine 11842:Kennedy Doctrine 11758:Frozen conflicts 11741:1991 August Coup 11630:Afghan Civil War 11525:Reykjavík Summit 11520:Somali Rebellion 11460:Ugandan Bush War 11438:Gdańsk Agreement 10959:Protests of 1968 10939:War of Attrition 10648:Cuban Revolution 10584:We will bury you 10551:Cyprus Emergency 10531:Kashmir Princess 10521:Jebel Akhdar War 10370:Western betrayal 10055: 10048: 10041: 10032: 10031: 10027: 10002: 9988: 9963: 9940: 9939:on 22 June 2016. 9934: 9918: 9893: 9872: 9847: 9818: 9793: 9773: 9748: 9725: 9694: 9679: 9647: 9637: 9631: 9622: 9612: 9598: 9591:Voice of America 9588: 9582: 9560: 9548: 9542: 9528: 9523: 9511: 9505: 9497: 9491: 9479: 9473: 9461: 9446: 9434: 9428: 9422: 9416: 9388: 9382: 9371:The Psychiatrist 9364: 9358: 9348: 9342: 9328: 9322: 9294: 9288: 9264: 9258: 9248: 9242: 9234: 9228: 9220: 9214: 9188: 9182: 9162: 9156: 9128: 9122: 9102: 9096: 9076: 9070: 9058: 9052: 9040: 9034: 9022: 9016: 9000: 8994: 8982: 8976: 8965:The Psychiatrist 8958: 8952: 8936: 8930: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8884: 8878: 8866:The Psychiatrist 8862: 8856: 8828: 8822: 8812: 8806: 8795:Psychiatric News 8788: 8782: 8754: 8748: 8736: 8730: 8712: 8706: 8695:The Psychiatrist 8688: 8682: 8670: 8669:Leontev, Dmitry 8664: 8652: 8646: 8618: 8612: 8588: 8582: 8573:. 2015. 8566: 8560: 8540: 8534: 8520: 8514: 8502:World Psychiatry 8494: 8488: 8476: 8470: 8450: 8444: 8416: 8410: 8390: 8384: 8370: 8362: 8356: 8346: 8340: 8334: 8333:Gluzman, Semyon 8328: 8314: 8313:Gluzman, Semyon 8308: 8298: 8297:Gluzman, Semyon 8292: 8282: 8281:Gluzman, Semyon 8276: 8266: 8265:Gluzman, Semyon 8260: 8250: 8249:Gluzman, Semyon 8244: 8234: 8233:Gluzman, Semyon 8228: 8204: 8198: 8186: 8180: 8152: 8151:Faraone, Stephen 8146: 8122: 8116: 8104: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8034: 8028: 8020: 8014: 8003:The Psychiatrist 7996: 7990: 7962: 7956: 7936: 7930: 7906: 7900: 7872: 7866: 7850: 7844: 7828: 7822: 7794: 7788: 7772: 7766: 7755:The Psychiatrist 7745: 7730: 7713: 7698: 7685: 7674: 7663:Psychiatric News 7653: 7630: 7617: 7604: 7593:The Psychiatrist 7583: 7572:The Psychiatrist 7562: 7531: 7500: 7497:10.1192/pb.3.1.5 7489:The Psychiatrist 7479: 7448: 7433: 7421: 7406: 7382: 7366: 7360: 7348:Dateline freedom 7344: 7343:Vitaliev, Vitali 7338: 7330: 7329:Vasilenko, N.Y. 7324: 7315:; 1989. 7304: 7298: 7289:; 2009. 7278: 7272: 7252: 7246: 7234: 7206: 7200: 7184: 7178: 7169:; 1984. 7167:Prometheus Books 7160: 7154: 7138: 7132: 7116: 7110: 7094: 7088: 7072: 7066: 7052: 7046: 7032: 7026: 7010: 7004: 6988: 6982: 6966: 6960: 6944: 6938: 6922: 6916: 6900: 6894: 6878: 6872: 6856: 6850: 6834: 6828: 6812: 6806: 6790: 6783: 6775: 6769: 6753: 6747: 6739: 6733: 6724:; 2005. 6713: 6707: 6698:; 1998. 6687: 6681: 6665: 6659: 6643: 6637: 6621: 6615: 6599: 6593: 6577: 6571: 6555: 6549: 6540:; 2011. 6529: 6523: 6503: 6497: 6481: 6475: 6459: 6453: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6397: 6391: 6373: 6367: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6325: 6319: 6295: 6289: 6273: 6267: 6258:; 1977. 6249: 6243: 6229: 6223: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6183: 6177: 6161: 6155: 6147: 6132: 6127:; 2009 [ 6115: 6083: 6071: 6059: 6051: 6039: 6027: 6020:Washington, D.C. 6008: 6001:Washington, D.C. 5990: 5983:Washington, D.C. 5971: 5959: 5950: 5942: 5936: 5920: 5912: 5896: 5890: 5878: 5870: 5858: 5850: 5843:Washington, D.C. 5831: 5824:Washington, D.C. 5813: 5806:Washington, D.C. 5786: 5773: 5751:Archival sources 5740: 5734: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5675: 5666: 5660: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5617: 5611: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5523: 5517: 5508: 5502: 5496: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5410: 5404: 5395: 5389: 5378: 5372: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5300: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5263: 5254: 5248: 5237: 5231: 5218: 5212: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5139: 5138:, pp. 70–74 5129: 5123: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5064: 5061:Fitzpatrick 1988 5054: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5020: 5014: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4773: 4767: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4736: 4727: 4721: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4614: 4608: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4509: 4500: 4494: 4485: 4479: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4445:, p. 71); 4432: 4426: 4420: 4411: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4295: 4289: 4272: 4266: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4169: 4166:Shlapentokh 1990 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3996: 3985: 3979: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3947: 3941: 3924: 3918: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3872: 3866: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3793: 3787: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3554: 3548: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3369: 3363: 3340:Pietikäinen 2015 3313: 3307: 3296: 3290: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3259:Pietikäinen 2015 3252: 3246: 3240: 3231: 3225: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3187: 3181: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3141: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3062: 3052: 3046: 3040: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2948: 2942: 2879:Finckenauer 1995 2868: 2568:Anatoly Koryagin 2415:Darrel A. Regier 2403:State Department 2329:Robert van Voren 2295:Kenneth Rawnsley 2064:Anatoly Koryagin 2041:Helsinki Accords 2019:established the 1987:, former Soviet 1981:Anatoly Koryagin 1941:Review Committee 1867:Costas Stephanis 1728:Trafalgar Square 1677:Vladimir Maximov 1661:Valentin Turchin 1532:Psychiatric News 1526:Robert van Voren 1468:Pyotr Grigorenko 1339:Vladimir Serbsky 1318:Alexander Etkind 1309:Pyotr Gannushkin 1305:Andrey Vyshinsky 1212: 1205: 1198: 1001:Collectivization 978: 977: 867:Friedrich Engels 741: 740: 731: 724: 717: 694: 693: 692: 629:Collectivization 489: 488: 453:De-Stalinization 427:Marxism–Leninism 422:Soviet democracy 416: 415: 319:State Committees 262: 261: 168: 167: 100: 99: 32: 18: 17: 15306: 15305: 15301: 15300: 15299: 15297: 15296: 15295: 15201: 15200: 15199: 15187: 15175: 15163: 15153: 15151: 15139: 15131: 15129: 15124: 15080:Georgi Vladimov 15025:Vasyl Symonenko 15020:Ivan Svitlichny 14990:Pitirim Sorokin 14980:Sergei Soldatov 14970:Vladimir Slepak 14940:Natan Sharansky 14930:Varlam Shalamov 14900:Dmitri Savitski 14895:Andrei Sakharov 14865:Arseny Roginsky 14820:Leonid Plyushch 14810:Viktoras Petkus 14785:Boris Pasternak 14755:Vasile Odobescu 14740:Viktor Nekrasov 14705:Mykhailo Melnyk 14695:Zhores Medvedev 14615:Veniamin Levich 14590:Alexander Lavut 14535:Nahum Korzhavin 14495:Dina Kaminskaya 14415:Vasily Grossman 14350:Balys Gajauskas 14340:Moysey Fishbein 14335:Viktor Fainberg 14295:Yuri Druzhnikov 14245:Valery Chalidze 14190:Vasile Bătrânac 14150:Vasily Aksyonov 14145:Mikhail Agursky 14136: 14078: 14073: 14043: 14038: 14017: 14015: 14002: 13950: 13924: 13844: 13758: 13703: 13675: 13649:Internet domain 13644:Five-year plans 13606: 13573: 13513: 13416: 13378: 13310:Communist Party 13298: 13257:Passport system 13147: 13123:European Russia 13101: 13040: 12981:Khrushchev Thaw 12960:(World War II) 12938:Creation treaty 12892: 12886: 12856: 12851: 12828: 12819:Second Cold War 12777: 12705: 12699: 12675:Odd Arne Westad 12665:Patrick Vaughan 12650:Athan Theoharis 12630:Ellen Schrecker 12615:Yakov M. Rabkin 12590:Timothy Naftali 12535:Tvrtko Jakovina 12520:Jussi Hanhimäki 12403: 12381: 12371: 12349:Paix et Liberté 12324: 12268:Active measures 12249: 12179: 12160:White supremacy 12120:Totalitarianism 12048: 11973: 11896: 11882:Reagan Doctrine 11877:Carter Doctrine 11817:Truman Doctrine 11805: 11752: 11684: 11579:Soviet reaction 11490:Ndogboyosoi War 11397: 11368:Saur Revolution 11195:1973 oil crisis 11160:Munich massacre 11068:Alcora Exercise 11063:Black September 11041: 10787:Sino-Indian War 10681:Simba rebellion 10664: 10508:Capture of the 10416: 10355:Berlin Blockade 10288:May 1947 crises 10278:Truman Doctrine 10243:Greek Civil War 10232:Blacklist Forty 10199:Gouzenko Affair 10186:Cursed soldiers 10138:Morgenthau Plan 10126: 10064: 10059: 10024: 9991: 9985: 9973:New York City: 9960: 9947: 9932: 9925: 9915: 9890: 9869: 9855: 9844: 9815: 9782: 9770: 9745: 9722: 9704:Wayback Machine 9687: 9676: 9654: 9652:Further reading 9635: 9611:Fedenko, Pavel 9610: 9606: 9601: 9586: 9568: 9563: 9546: 9526: 9525: 9509: 9496:Reddaway, Peter 9495: 9477: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9432: 9420: 9386: 9362: 9346: 9326: 9292: 9262: 9246: 9232: 9218: 9186: 9160: 9126: 9100: 9074: 9056: 9038: 9020: 8998: 8980: 8956: 8934: 8909:Reddaway, Peter 8908: 8903:. 1971a:28. 8897:Reddaway, Peter 8896: 8883:Perlin, Michael 8882: 8860: 8826: 8810: 8786: 8753:Merskey, Harold 8752: 8734: 8710: 8686: 8668: 8650: 8616: 8586: 8564: 8538: 8518: 8492: 8475:Joffe, Olimpiad 8474: 8449:Horvath, Robert 8448: 8414: 8388: 8369:Taras, Anatoly 8368: 8360: 8345:Gosden, Richard 8344: 8332: 8312: 8296: 8280: 8264: 8248: 8232: 8202: 8184: 8150: 8120: 8102: 8090: 8072: 8060: 8048: 8032: 8018: 7994: 7960: 7934: 7904: 7870: 7848: 7826: 7792: 7770: 7390: 7385: 7364: 7342: 7328: 7302: 7276: 7250: 7236: 7204: 7182: 7158: 7136: 7120:The last exodus 7114: 7093:Sabshin, Melvin 7092: 7070: 7050: 7030: 7008: 6986: 6964: 6943:Metzl, Jonathan 6942: 6920: 6898: 6877:Laqueur, Walter 6876: 6854: 6832: 6810: 6788: 6773: 6751: 6738:Kadarkay, Árpád 6737: 6711: 6685: 6663: 6641: 6620:Gosden, Richard 6619: 6597: 6575: 6554:Fernando, Suman 6553: 6527: 6501: 6479: 6457: 6435: 6423: 6395: 6371: 6357: 6345: 6323: 6294:Bonnie, Richard 6293: 6271: 6247: 6228:Birstein, Vadim 6227: 6207: 6203: 6181: 6159: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6075: 6055: 6031: 5954: 5940: 5916: 5894: 5874: 5854: 5794: 5789: 5762:, collected by 5760:Soviet Archives 5753: 5748: 5743: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5676: 5669: 5661: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5622:, p. 454; 5618: 5614: 5602: 5598: 5590: 5586: 5578: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5555:, p. 437; 5551: 5547: 5539: 5526: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5499: 5486: 5482: 5474: 5413: 5405: 5398: 5390: 5381: 5373: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5334: 5303: 5292:, p. 385; 5288: 5284: 5276: 5272: 5264: 5257: 5249: 5240: 5232: 5221: 5213: 5204: 5196: 5192: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5142: 5130: 5126: 5118:, p. 322; 5114: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5086: 5078: 5067: 5059:, p. 318; 5055: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5029:, p. 218; 5025:, p. 211; 5021: 5017: 5005:, p. 211; 5001: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4977: 4966: 4958: 4954: 4946:, p. 185; 4938: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4902: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4776: 4768: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4632: 4617: 4609: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4527: 4523: 4510: 4503: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4441:, p. 10, 4437:; US GPO ( 4433: 4429: 4421: 4414: 4410:, p. 222) 4401: 4397: 4389: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4298: 4290: 4275: 4267: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4189: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4071: 4067: 4059: 4055: 4047: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4006: 3999: 3991:, p. 32, 3987:Bukovsky ( 3986: 3982: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3950: 3942: 3927: 3919: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3875: 3867: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3828: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3802:, p. 235; 3794: 3790: 3782:, p. 180; 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3577:Matvejević 2004 3575: 3571: 3559:, p. 226; 3555: 3551: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3517: 3511:Podrabinek 1980 3509: 3505: 3498:, p. 226; 3490:, p. 148; 3456:Podrabinek 1980 3406:, p. 422; 3402:, p. 177; 3382:, p. 258; 3370: 3366: 3354:, p. 95, 3346:, p. 395; 3342:, p. 280; 3338:, p. 179; 3330:, p. 260; 3326:, p. 205; 3322:, p. 189; 3314: 3310: 3297: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3234: 3226: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3190: 3182: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3065: 3053: 3049: 3041: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2955:UPA Herald 2013 2953:, p. 425; 2949: 2945: 2929:); Voren ( 2897:, p. 293; 2893:, p. 406; 2889:, p. 490; 2869: 2865: 2861: 2842: 2778: 2772: 2746: 2679:Felice Lieh Mak 2632:and led by the 2544: 2542:Athens Congress 2519: 2480:psychopathology 2467:Zhores Medvedev 2451:Andrei Sakharov 2419:Harold Visotsky 2387: 2351:In early 1988, 2333:Leonid Plyushch 2313: 2266: 2264:Vienna Congress 2247:Harold Visotsky 2226:spirit of the ' 2174: 2137:Belgrave Square 2077:Harald Blomberg 2009:Feliks Serebrov 1974: 1968: 1943: 1917: 1911: 1879:Pyrrhic victory 1787:Marat Vartanyan 1773:by the British 1748: 1685:Vasily Aksyonov 1665:Georgi Vladimov 1599:Ruben Nadzharov 1542: 1540:First responses 1522:Marat Vartanyan 1509: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1362: 1278:Lavrentiy Beria 1216: 982: 981:Mass repression 976: 859:Leonid Brezhnev 735: 706: 702:Other countries 690: 688: 683: 682: 594: 486: 478: 477: 449: 413: 403: 402: 371: 363: 362: 297: 259: 251: 250: 165: 157: 156: 151: 97: 95:Communist Party 87: 86: 45: 12: 11: 5: 15304: 15294: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15198: 15197: 15185: 15173: 15161: 15149: 15126: 15125: 15123: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15070:Tomas Venclova 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14975:Victor Sokolov 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14875:Mykola Rudenko 14872: 14870:Maria Rozanova 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14800:Zianon Pazniak 14797: 14795:Gleb Pavlovsky 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14725:Andrei Mironov 14722: 14720:Vazif Meylanov 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14640:Nikolay Lossky 14637: 14632: 14630:Pavel Litvinov 14627: 14622: 14620:Eduard Limonov 14617: 14612: 14607: 14605:Yaroslav Lesiv 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14550:Sergei Kovalev 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14515:Nikolai Klyuev 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14485:Iryna Kalynets 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14460:Grigory Isayev 14457: 14455:Mykhailo Horyn 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14395:Semyon Gluzman 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14355:Yuri Galanskov 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14275:Vadim Delaunay 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14235:Joseph Brodsky 14232: 14227: 14225:Leonid Borodin 14222: 14217: 14212: 14210:Larisa Bogoraz 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14160:Andrei Amalrik 14157: 14152: 14147: 14141: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14083: 14080: 14079: 14072: 14071: 14064: 14057: 14049: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14036: 14026: 14011: 14008: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13994: 13993: 13983: 13982: 13981: 13971: 13970: 13969: 13958: 13956: 13952: 13951: 13949: 13948: 13947: 13946: 13934: 13932: 13926: 13925: 13923: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13886: 13885: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13854: 13852: 13846: 13845: 13843: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13804: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13783: 13778: 13772: 13766: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13755: 13754: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13713: 13711: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13700: 13699: 13694: 13692:Rail transport 13689: 13687:Railway system 13679: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13620: 13618: 13612: 13611: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13583: 13581: 13575: 13574: 13572: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13523: 13521: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13510: 13509: 13483: 13482: 13481: 13476: 13466: 13461: 13460: 13459: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13437: 13432: 13426: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13407:Deputy Premier 13404: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13390:Heads of state 13386: 13384: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13376: 13375: 13374: 13364: 13358: 13355:Supreme Soviet 13352: 13346: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13338: 13337: 13332: 13322: 13317: 13306: 13304: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13296: 13291: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13272:State ideology 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13253: 13252: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13231: 13230: 13220: 13219: 13218: 13208: 13203: 13202: 13201: 13191: 13186: 13185: 13184: 13179: 13168: 13166: 13159: 13153: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13146: 13145: 13140: 13138:Ural Mountains 13135: 13130: 13128:North Caucasus 13125: 13120: 13115: 13109: 13107: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13088: 13087: 13077: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13059: 13057: 13048: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12972: 12971: 12966: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12924: 12923: 12918: 12908: 12902: 12900: 12894: 12893: 12885: 12884: 12877: 12870: 12862: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12833: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12785: 12783: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12709: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12645:Timothy Snyder 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12575:Vojtech Mastny 12572: 12570:Geir Lundestad 12567: 12562: 12560:Walter Laqueur 12557: 12555:Walter LaFeber 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12485:André Fontaine 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12415:Gar Alperovitz 12411: 12409: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12385: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12373: 12372: 12370: 12369: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12352: 12345: 12340: 12332: 12330: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12315: 12310: 12303: 12296: 12291: 12284: 12277: 12270: 12264: 12262: 12255: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12191: 12189: 12185: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12155:Third-Worldism 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12056: 12054: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11983: 11981: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11944:Libertarianism 11941: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11924: 11922:Chicago school 11919: 11913: 11911: 11902: 11898: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11867:Nixon Doctrine 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11813: 11811: 11810:Foreign policy 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11762: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11745: 11744: 11743: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11692: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11595:Operation RYAN 11592: 11587: 11582: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11500:Able Archer 83 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11446: 11445: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11416: 11411: 11405: 11403: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11250:Oromo conflict 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11190:Yom Kippur War 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11049: 11047: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11013: 11012: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10973: 10968: 10967: 10966: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10845: 10844: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10822:Aden Emergency 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10773: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10740:Papua conflict 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10710: 10709: 10708: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10672: 10670: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10657: 10656: 10655: 10645: 10643:Kitchen Debate 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10603:Sputnik crisis 10600: 10595: 10587: 10580: 10575: 10573:Polish October 10570: 10565: 10560: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10473:Pact of Madrid 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10428:Bamboo Curtain 10424: 10422: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10321: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10227: 10219: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10188: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10168: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10134: 10132: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10077: 10069: 10066: 10065: 10058: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10022: 10003: 9989: 9983: 9964: 9958: 9941: 9919:Russian text: 9913: 9894: 9888: 9873: 9867: 9848: 9842: 9819: 9813: 9794: 9774: 9768: 9760:Westview Press 9749: 9743: 9726: 9720: 9707: 9680: 9674: 9653: 9650: 9649: 9648: 9632: 9623: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9583: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9561: 9543: 9527:Reich, Walter 9524:Russian text: 9506: 9492: 9474: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9447: 9429: 9417: 9383: 9359: 9343: 9323: 9289: 9259: 9243: 9229: 9215: 9183: 9157: 9127:Smythies, John 9123: 9097: 9075:Scarnati, Rick 9071: 9057:Savenko, Yuri 9053: 9039:Savenko, Yuri 9035: 9021:Savenko, Yuri 9017: 8999:Savenko, Yuri 8995: 8981:Savenko, Yuri 8977: 8953: 8935:Richter, Derek 8931: 8913:KGB Psychiatry 8905: 8893: 8879: 8857: 8827:Murray, Thomas 8823: 8807: 8783: 8749: 8731: 8707: 8687:Levine, Sidney 8683: 8665: 8647: 8613: 8583: 8561: 8548:BMC Psychiatry 8535: 8519:Kelly, Brendan 8515: 8489: 8471: 8445: 8411: 8385: 8365:Mad Psychiatry 8357: 8341: 8329: 8309: 8293: 8277: 8261: 8245: 8229: 8203:Gershman, Carl 8199: 8181: 8147: 8117: 8099: 8087: 8069: 8057: 8045: 8029: 8015: 7991: 7957: 7931: 7901: 7871:Appleby, Louis 7867: 7845: 7823: 7789: 7767: 7746: 7731: 7714: 7699: 7686: 7675: 7654: 7631: 7618: 7605: 7584: 7563: 7532: 7501: 7480: 7449: 7434: 7422: 7407: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7361: 7339: 7325: 7299: 7273: 7247: 7235:Russian text: 7201: 7179: 7155: 7133: 7111: 7089: 7071:Rejali, Darius 7067: 7047: 7027: 7005: 6983: 6961: 6939: 6917: 6895: 6873: 6851: 6829: 6807: 6785: 6770: 6748: 6734: 6708: 6686:Hunt, Kathleen 6682: 6660: 6638: 6616: 6594: 6572: 6550: 6524: 6498: 6476: 6454: 6436:Calloway, Paul 6432: 6420: 6392: 6368: 6354: 6342: 6320: 6290: 6268: 6244: 6224: 6208:Bokobza, Hervé 6204:Besse, Antoine 6200: 6182:Berman, Harold 6178: 6156: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6116: 6072: 6052: 6028: 6009: 5991: 5972: 5951: 5937: 5913: 5891: 5871: 5867:Americas Watch 5856:Americas Watch 5851: 5832: 5814: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5774: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5726: 5714: 5699: 5687: 5677:Gluzman ( 5667: 5640: 5638:, p. 455. 5628: 5612: 5606:, p. 72; 5596: 5584: 5572: 5560: 5545: 5543:, p. 437. 5524: 5522:, p. 436. 5509: 5507:, p. 435. 5497: 5495:, p. 32) 5480: 5411: 5396: 5379: 5364: 5352: 5350:, p. 385. 5340: 5301: 5296:, p. 69; 5282: 5270: 5268:, p. 125. 5255: 5238: 5219: 5217:, p. 373. 5202: 5190: 5175: 5140: 5124: 5108: 5106:, p. 322. 5096: 5092:Gushansky 2005 5084: 5065: 5046: 5034: 5015: 5009:, p. 17; 4995: 4983: 4981:, p. 211. 4964: 4952: 4942:, p. 16; 4932: 4920: 4908: 4893: 4891:, p. 204. 4881: 4869: 4867:, p. 203. 4854: 4852:, p. 201. 4842: 4827: 4815: 4813:, p. 245. 4803: 4791: 4774: 4772:, p. 179. 4759: 4747: 4741:, p. 26; 4728: 4726:, p. 153. 4713: 4701: 4697:Bernstein 1980 4689: 4677: 4665: 4650: 4638: 4636:, p. 148. 4615: 4596: 4594:, p. 221. 4584: 4582:, p. 199. 4572: 4557: 4545: 4541:Alexander 1997 4533: 4521: 4519:, p. 23) 4501: 4486: 4471: 4459: 4453:, p. 47; 4427: 4412: 4395: 4393:, p. 197. 4366: 4354: 4329: 4327:, p. 196. 4296: 4294:, p. 195. 4273: 4271:, p. 194. 4258: 4256:, p. 335. 4246: 4234: 4232:, p. 273. 4222: 4220:, p. 223. 4207: 4205:, p. 328. 4195: 4193:, p. 150. 4170: 4168:, p. 194. 4158: 4146: 4134: 4122: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4065: 4053: 4036: 4024: 4012: 3997: 3995:, p. 35) 3980: 3975:, p. 11; 3965: 3948: 3925: 3923:, p. 103. 3902: 3890: 3888:, p. 101. 3873: 3871:, p. 497. 3846: 3834: 3819: 3817:, p. 324. 3815:Schroeter 1979 3807: 3798:, p. 73; 3788: 3784:Schroeter 1979 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3700: 3681: 3669: 3663:, p. 29; 3661:Vasilenko 2004 3653: 3651:, p. 495. 3641: 3639:, p. 402. 3629: 3627:, p. 292. 3617: 3605: 3593: 3591:, p. xii. 3581: 3569: 3561:Alexéyeff 1976 3549: 3530: 3515: 3503: 3486:, p. 48; 3474:; Szasz ( 3460:Pukhovsky 2001 3424:Kekelidze 2013 3414:, p. 35; 3412:Gushansky 2005 3410:, p. 72; 3392:Dmitrieva 2001 3364: 3350:; Voren ( 3334:, p. 26; 3308: 3298:Gluzman ( 3291: 3275: 3263: 3247: 3232: 3230:, p. 281. 3217: 3205: 3188: 3186:, p. 496. 3169: 3157: 3155:, p. 160. 3142: 3121:Gluzman ( 3114: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3063: 3057:, p. 26; 3047: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2968:, p. 181. 2966:Kondratev 2010 2958: 2943: 2901:, p. 47; 2881:, p. 52; 2873:, p. 66; 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2838: 2814:Serbsky Center 2791:Semyon Gluzman 2774:Main article: 2771: 2768: 2745: 2742: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2543: 2540: 2518: 2515: 2435:Peter Reddaway 2386: 2383: 2312: 2309: 2265: 2262: 2173: 2170: 2115:Peter Reddaway 2003:on 22 May 1987 1970:Main article: 1967: 1964: 1942: 1939: 1934:Michael Perlin 1913:Main article: 1910: 1907: 1839:Czechoslovakia 1819:Czechoslovakia 1791:Eduard Babayan 1747: 1744: 1704:Peter Reddaway 1681:Naum Korzhavin 1629:Dam, Amsterdam 1610:Semyon Gluzman 1560:Semyon Gluzman 1541: 1538: 1508: 1505: 1452:Semyon Gluzman 1403: 1402: 1394: 1391:on 21 May 1987 1361: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1342: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1133: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1035: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1008: 1006:Dekulakization 1003: 998: 990: 989: 985: 984: 975: 972: 954:Semyon Gluzman 871:Vladimir Lenin 823: 822: 821: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 793:Serbsky Center 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 746: 745: 737: 736: 734: 733: 726: 719: 711: 708: 707: 705: 704: 698: 685: 684: 679: 678: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 603: 602: 596: 595: 593: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 566: 563: 562: 554: 553: 552: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 519:Kosygin reform 516: 514:Five-Year Plan 511: 509:Consumer goods 506: 498: 497: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 474: 473: 472: 471: 470: 469: 455: 450: 448: 447: 442: 437: 431: 429: 424: 414: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 395: 393:People's Court 390: 389: 388: 378: 372: 369: 368: 365: 364: 359: 358: 357: 356: 351: 349:Deputy Premier 346: 338: 337: 329: 328: 327: 326: 321: 316: 308: 307: 299: 298: 296: 295: 290: 285: 280: 278:Official names 274: 271: 270: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 247: 246: 245: 244: 243: 242: 237: 227: 226: 218: 217: 216: 215: 210: 205: 197: 196: 193:Supreme Soviet 188: 187: 186: 185: 177: 176: 166: 163: 162: 159: 158: 153: 152: 150: 149: 144: 139: 133: 130: 129: 121: 120: 119: 118: 113: 108: 98: 93: 92: 89: 88: 85: 84: 79: 74: 69: 68: 67: 65:Vice President 62: 52: 46: 43: 42: 39: 38: 34: 33: 25: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15303: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15271:Law of Russia 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15208: 15206: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15160: 15150: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15137: 15134: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15040:Valery Tarsis 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14960:Danylo Shumuk 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14920:Efraim Sevela 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14890:Valery Sablin 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14840:Dmitri Prigov 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14775:Yulian Panich 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14710:Alexander Men 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14660:Guram Mamulia 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14610:Eugene Levich 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14560:Victor Krasin 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14545:Lina Kostenko 14543: 14541: 14540:Merab Kostava 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14525:Boris Korczak 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14480:Ihor Kalynets 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14470:Romas Kalanta 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14445:Mykola Horbal 14443: 14441: 14440:Oleksa Hirnyk 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14425:Tengiz Gudava 14423: 14421: 14420:Igor Guberman 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14330:Benjamin Fain 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14320:Eliyahu Essas 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14220:Yelena Bonner 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14205:Yuri Bezmenov 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14142: 14139: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14088: 14085: 14084: 14081: 14077: 14070: 14065: 14063: 14058: 14056: 14051: 14050: 14047: 14035: 14027: 14025: 14024: 14013: 14012: 14009: 13999: 13996: 13992: 13989: 13988: 13987: 13984: 13980: 13977: 13976: 13975: 13972: 13968: 13965: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13953: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13931: 13927: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13895:Printed media 13893: 13891: 13888: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13851: 13847: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13829: 13828:Cyrillisation 13826: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13796:Working class 13794: 13792: 13791:Soviet people 13789: 13788: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13773: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13761: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13706: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13684: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13639:Energy policy 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13613: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13576: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13516: 13508: 13504: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13489: 13488: 13487: 13484: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13471: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13458: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13450: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13419: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13391: 13388: 13387: 13385: 13381: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13367:Supreme Court 13365: 13362: 13359: 13356: 13353: 13350: 13347: 13343: 13340: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13312: 13311: 13308: 13307: 13305: 13301: 13295: 13292: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13221: 13217: 13214: 13213: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13173: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13154: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13108: 13104: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13086: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13043: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12970: 12969:The Holocaust 12967: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12913: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12899: 12895: 12890: 12883: 12878: 12876: 12871: 12869: 12864: 12863: 12860: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12834: 12831: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12809:War on terror 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12786: 12784: 12780: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12704:Espionage and 12702: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12655:Andrew Thorpe 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12550:Gabriel Kolko 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12515:Fred Halliday 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12500:Lloyd Gardner 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12460:Norman Davies 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12445:John Costello 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12380:Technological 12378: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12359: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12350: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12338: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12308: 12304: 12302: 12301: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12289: 12285: 12283: 12282: 12278: 12276: 12275: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12265: 12263: 12261:Pro-communist 12259: 12256: 12252: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188:Organizations 12186: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12051: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12019: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12002:Eurocommunism 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11980: 11976: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11929: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11910: 11906: 11903: 11899: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11832:Domino theory 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11808: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11786:South Ossetia 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11759: 11755: 11749: 11746: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11687: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11580: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11570:8888 Uprising 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11515:Iran–Iraq War 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11480:Falklands War 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11400: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11343:NDF Rebellion 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11323:German Autumn 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11303: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11210:Metapolitefsi 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11105: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11044: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10974: 10972: 10971:Prague Spring 10969: 10965: 10962: 10961: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10949:Al-Wadiah War 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10914:12-3 incident 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10719: 10716: 10715: 10714: 10711: 10707: 10704: 10703: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10661: 10658: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10585: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10558: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10511: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10493:Domino theory 10491: 10489: 10488:Petrov Affair 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10419: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10396: 10393: 10392: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10365:Madiun Affair 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10325:Marshall Plan 10323: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10226: 10225: 10220: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10167: 10166: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10129: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10082: 10078: 10076: 10075: 10074:United States 10071: 10070: 10067: 10063: 10056: 10051: 10049: 10044: 10042: 10037: 10036: 10033: 10025: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10010: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9986: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9951: 9942: 9938: 9930: 9926: 9916: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9901: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9880: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9826: 9820: 9816: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9801: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9756: 9750: 9746: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9713: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9692: 9688: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9645: 9641: 9633: 9629: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9608: 9607: 9596: 9592: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9571: 9570: 9558: 9557: 9552: 9547:Trehub, Hanna 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9521: 9520: 9515: 9510:Reich, Walter 9507: 9503: 9502: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9483: 9475: 9471: 9470: 9465: 9457: 9456: 9444: 9443: 9438: 9433:Zile, Zigurds 9430: 9426: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9230: 9226: 9225: 9219:Szasz, Thomas 9216: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9187:Szasz, Thomas 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9171: 9166: 9161:Szasz, Thomas 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9072: 9068: 9067: 9062: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9036: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9018: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9006: 8996: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8919: 8914: 8906: 8902: 8901:Mental Health 8894: 8890: 8889: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8867: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8763: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8684: 8680: 8679: 8674: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8656: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8627: 8622: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8593: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8498: 8490: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8366: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8342: 8338: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8190: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8161: 8156: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8127: 8121:Chodoff, Paul 8118: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8100: 8096: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8030: 8026: 8025: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7995:Bloch, Sidney 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7961:Bloch, Sidney 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7911: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7855: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7747: 7743: 7742: 7741:New Scientist 7737: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7641:New Scientist 7637: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7444:New Scientist 7440: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7380: 7379:0-306-45532-3 7376: 7372: 7371: 7362: 7358: 7357:0-09-174677-9 7354: 7350: 7349: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7326: 7322: 7321:90-72657-01-2 7318: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7274: 7270: 7269:90-420-3048-8 7266: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7223:10.2861/28281 7220: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7202: 7198: 7197:0-7658-0716-5 7194: 7190: 7189: 7180: 7176: 7175:0-87975-239-4 7172: 7168: 7164: 7159:Szasz, Thomas 7156: 7152: 7151:1-85043-284-8 7148: 7144: 7143: 7134: 7130: 7129:0-295-95685-2 7126: 7122: 7121: 7112: 7108: 7107:1-58562-307-5 7104: 7100: 7099: 7090: 7086: 7085:0-691-14333-1 7082: 7078: 7077: 7068: 7064: 7063:5-8291-0154-8 7060: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7028: 7024: 7023:0-89720-022-5 7020: 7016: 7015: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6984: 6980: 6979:1-56432-278-5 6976: 6972: 6971: 6962: 6958: 6957:0-8070-8592-8 6954: 6950: 6949: 6940: 6936: 6935:963-9241-85-7 6932: 6928: 6927: 6918: 6914: 6913:1-4500-9197-0 6910: 6906: 6905: 6899:Lisle, Angela 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6883: 6874: 6870: 6869:0-202-24166-1 6866: 6862: 6861: 6852: 6848: 6847:0-684-82280-6 6844: 6840: 6839: 6830: 6826: 6825:966-7841-36-7 6822: 6818: 6817: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6786: 6781: 6780: 6771: 6767: 6766:0-335-21467-3 6763: 6759: 6758: 6752:Knapp, Martin 6749: 6745: 6744: 6735: 6731: 6730:0-7618-3125-8 6727: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6709: 6705: 6704:1-56432-191-6 6701: 6697: 6693: 6692: 6683: 6679: 6678:90-481-8720-6 6675: 6671: 6670: 6661: 6657: 6656:1-56072-389-0 6653: 6649: 6648: 6639: 6635: 6634:0-908011-52-0 6631: 6627: 6626: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6604: 6598:Ghodse, Hamid 6595: 6591: 6590:1-56000-206-9 6587: 6583: 6582: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6499: 6495: 6494:90-247-2538-0 6491: 6487: 6486: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6455: 6451: 6450:0-471-59574-8 6447: 6443: 6442: 6433: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6355: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6338:0-8020-9140-7 6335: 6331: 6330: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6291: 6287: 6286:0-8133-0209-9 6283: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6265: 6264:0-575-02318-X 6261: 6257: 6253: 6245: 6241: 6240:0-8133-4280-5 6237: 6233: 6225: 6221: 6220:9782749206738 6217: 6213: 6201: 6197: 6196:0-674-82636-1 6193: 6189: 6188: 6179: 6175: 6174:0-521-27661-6 6171: 6167: 6166: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6143: 6142: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6058: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5938: 5934: 5933:1-85649-104-8 5930: 5926: 5925: 5919: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5796: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5723: 5718: 5712: 5708: 5707:Savenko 2007b 5703: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5664: 5663:Savenko 2007a 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5594:, p. 72. 5593: 5588: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5564: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5521: 5516: 5514: 5506: 5501: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5477: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5408: 5403: 5401: 5394:, p. 71. 5393: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5361: 5356: 5349: 5344: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5279: 5274: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5253:, p. 70. 5252: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5236:, p. 69. 5235: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5216: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5137: 5133: 5128: 5121: 5117: 5112: 5105: 5100: 5094:, p. 35. 5093: 5088: 5081: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5051: 5043: 5042:Johnston 2005 5038: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5013:, p. 218 5012: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4992: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4962:, p. 62. 4961: 4956: 4950:, p. 381 4949: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4930:, p. 16. 4929: 4924: 4918:, p. 45. 4917: 4912: 4906:, p. 44. 4905: 4900: 4898: 4890: 4885: 4878: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4859: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4824: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4800: 4795: 4789:, p. 45. 4788: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4771: 4766: 4764: 4756: 4751: 4745:, p. 150 4744: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4711:, p. 15. 4710: 4705: 4698: 4693: 4686: 4685:Scarnati 1980 4681: 4674: 4669: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4648:, p. 67. 4647: 4642: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4593: 4588: 4581: 4576: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4554: 4549: 4542: 4537: 4530: 4525: 4518: 4514: 4511:Gosden ( 4508: 4506: 4499:, p. 76. 4498: 4493: 4491: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4468: 4463: 4457:, p. 354 4456: 4452: 4449:, p. 1; 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4424: 4419: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4363: 4362:Helmchen 1978 4358: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4218:Calloway 1993 4214: 4212: 4204: 4199: 4192: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4167: 4162: 4155: 4150: 4144:, p. 79. 4143: 4138: 4131: 4126: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4062: 4057: 4050: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4033: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4009: 4004: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3963:, p. 61. 3962: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3844:, p. 73. 3843: 3838: 3832:, p. 95. 3831: 3826: 3824: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3786:, p. 324 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776:Gluzman 2010b 3772: 3766: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3740:Reddaway 1978 3736: 3730:, p. 470 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3708:Bukovsky 1971 3704: 3698:, p. 72. 3697: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3673: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3615:, p. 14. 3614: 3609: 3602: 3601:Birstein 2004 3597: 3590: 3585: 3579:, p. 32. 3578: 3573: 3567:, p. 101 3566: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3547: 3544:, p. 5; 3543: 3539: 3534: 3527: 3526:Savenko 2005a 3522: 3520: 3513:, p. 63. 3512: 3507: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3488:Vitaliev 1991 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3444:Kovalyov 2007 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3348:Smythies 1973 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3324:Kadarkay 1982 3321: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3301: 3295: 3289:, p. 491 3288: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3261:, p. 280 3260: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3215:, p. 11. 3214: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3153:Fernando 2003 3149: 3147: 3140: 3136: 3133:, p. 8; 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3043:Kovalyov 2007 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2992:, p. 15. 2991: 2986: 2980:, p. 17. 2979: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2883:Gershman 1984 2880: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783:United States 2777: 2767: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2650:Pyotr Morozov 2645: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2521:In 1989, the 2514: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2490:broadcast by 2489: 2483: 2481: 2476: 2475:schizophrenia 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407:Loren H. Roth 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2323:In 1987, the 2321: 2318: 2307: 2306:Soviet Union. 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2291:Pierre Pichot 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2081:Gery Low-Beer 2078: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1938: 1935: 1930: 1924: 1922: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1766:Yuri Andropov 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1750:In 1975, the 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1708:Sovietologist 1705: 1701: 1700:Great Britain 1697: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649:Great Britain 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637:Luis Corvalán 1630: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1550:Criminal Code 1548: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1433: 1428: 1427:V. Bukovsky" 1425: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1398: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1357: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314:Joseph Stalin 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1294:schizophrenia 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1226: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 996:War communism 994: 993: 992: 991: 987: 986: 980: 979: 971: 969: 965: 961: 959: 955: 950: 946: 945:Criminal Code 942: 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2014 3396:Faraone 1982 3367: 3332:Laqueur 1980 3311: 3294: 3278: 3266: 3250: 3208: 3160: 3135:Fedenko 2009 3117: 3105: 3093: 3086:Chodoff 1985 3081: 3061:, p. 93 3050: 2985: 2973: 2961: 2946: 2903:Merskey 1978 2866: 2850: 2827: 2822: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2779: 2751: 2747: 2738: 2732: 2725: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2683: 2677: 2659:Narcologists 2646: 2642: 2626: 2622:James Birley 2618: 2614:Yuri Savenko 2610: 2608:repetition. 2594: 2576: 2564: 2545: 2536: 2531:Yuri Savenko 2520: 2495: 2487: 2484: 2471: 2443: 2439: 2427:Ellen Mercer 2388: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2350: 2342: 2322: 2314: 2304: 2267: 2257: 2244: 2232: 2203: 2175: 2153: 2145: 2110: 2105: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2085: 2057: 2048: 2033:Elena Bonner 2017:Irina Kuplun 2006: 1999:Congress in 1985:psychiatrist 1960: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1925: 1918: 1903:Yuri Novikov 1900: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1859: 1760: 1749: 1716:Sidney Bloch 1698:," while in 1689: 1687:and others. 1634: 1613: 1607: 1596: 1592: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1543: 1530: 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[ 5722:Murphy 2006 5636:Voren 2010b 5620:Voren 2010b 5553:Voren 2010b 5541:Voren 2010b 5520:Voren 2010b 5505:Voren 2010b 5476:Voren 2013b 5348:Voren 2010b 5290:Voren 2010b 5215:Voren 2010b 5198:Bonnie 2002 5183:Bonnie 2002 5116:Voren 2010b 5104:Voren 2010b 5063:, p. 3 5057:Voren 2010b 5023:Voren 2010b 5007:US GPO 1984 5003:Voren 2010b 4979:Voren 2010b 4940:US GPO 1984 4928:US GPO 1984 4916:US GPO 1984 4904:US GPO 1984 4889:Voren 2010b 4865:Voren 2010b 4850:Voren 2010b 4838:Levine 1981 4770:Voren 2010b 4743:Voren 2010b 4634:Voren 2010b 4580:Voren 2010b 4529:Perlin 2006 4497:US GPO 1984 4391:Voren 2010b 4325:Voren 2010b 4292:Voren 2010b 4269:Voren 2010b 4191:Voren 2010b 4032:Trehub 2013 3973:Berman 1972 3565:US GPO 1984 3542:US GPO 1984 3538:Bonnie 2002 3404:Ghodse 2011 3362:, p. 1 3344:Rejali 2009 3283:Voren 2010a 3255:Voren 2013a 3213:Berman 1972 3165:Healey 2011 3131:Voren 2013a 3110:Murray 1983 2875:Bonnie 2002 2834:perestroika 2687:perestroika 2507:Netherlands 2391:perestroika 2331:along with 2068:Dolgoprudny 2027:founded by 1835:East Berlin 1673:Lev Kopelev 1645:Netherlands 1514:Denis Leigh 1406:diagnoses. 1262:psikhushkas 1225:exculpation 1124:Legislation 1051:Great Purge 925:(1983) and 915:Mexico City 619:Great Purge 585:Phraseology 504:Agriculture 459:Perestroika 334:Premiership 164:Legislature 142:Secretariat 15205:Categories 15147:Psychiatry 15030:Les Tanyuk 15010:Vasyl Stus 14765:Yuri Orlov 14730:Ion Moraru 14345:Ilya Gabay 14290:Ivan Drach 13930:Opposition 13920:Television 13900:Propaganda 13873:Literature 13747:Naukograds 13742:Sharashkas 13676:(currency) 13654:Inventions 13597:Censorship 13527:Red Terror 13211:Government 13085:Autonomous 13068:Autonomous 13001:Stagnation 12964:Evacuation 12408:Historians 12399:Space Race 12300:Rudé právo 12254:Propaganda 12110:Neo-Nazism 12080:Chauvinism 12034:Trotskyism 11949:Monetarism 11917:Liberalism 11909:Capitalism 11901:Ideologies 11852:Ostpolitik 11575:Solidarity 11540:Toyota War 11443:Solidarity 11300:Operation 11255:Ogaden War 10944:Dhofar War 10832:Shifta War 10590:Operation 10438:Korean War 10230:Operation 10222:Operation 10214:Operation 10191:Operation 10171:Operation 10163:Operation 9997:. London: 9882:. Norton. 9613:. The 9537: [ 9452:Newspapers 8592:The Lancet 8381:5170301723 7213:. 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Marx 575:Education 544:Transport 440:Stalinism 370:Judiciary 213:Presidium 137:Politburo 55:President 15281:Cold War 14885:Ain Saar 14435:Ivan Hel 14132:Memorial 14034:Category 13587:Religion 13474:Chairmen 13320:Congress 13282:Leninism 13262:Propiska 13157:Politics 13016:Glasnost 12976:Cold War 12916:February 12847:Timeline 12837:Category 12782:See also 12274:Izvestia 12115:Islamism 12012:Hoxhaism 11887:Rollback 11766:Abkhazia 11706:Gulf War 11610:Glasnost 10980:incident 10750:Sand War 10608:Ifni War 10117:Rio Pact 10062:Cold War 9700:Archived 9604:Websites 9539:archived 9339:archived 9319:19892821 9285:11931361 9277:archived 9211:16759353 8927:11662655 8609:11644351 8511:16946875 8325:archived 8225:11615169 7927:22515460 7841:archived 7727:archived 7650:11663782 6316:11931362 6308:archived 6129:archived 6096:archived 5783:archived 5770:archived 5737:NPZ 2004 5695:NPZ 2009 5624:WPA 1991 5608:WPA 1991 5604:BMA 1992 5592:BMA 1992 5580:WPA 1991 5392:BMA 1992 5294:BMA 1992 5251:BMA 1992 5234:BMA 1992 4724:BMA 1992 4008:BMJ 1973 3842:BMA 1992 3796:BMA 1992 3271:NPZ 2005 2871:BMA 1992 2840:See also 2693:and the 2560:Honolulu 2395:glasnost 2311:Releases 2237:and the 2228:cold war 1997:Sakharov 1896:Zionists 1855:Bulgaria 1823:Bulgaria 1756:Honolulu 1740:Honolulu 1464:samizdat 1385:Sakharov 1284:such as 1079:Religion 931:Cold War 921:(1977), 917:(1971), 590:Religion 466:Glasnost 435:Leninism 411:Ideology 324:Cabinets 106:Congress 15183:Society 15133:Portals 13955:Symbols 13868:Fashion 13850:Culture 13764:Society 13709:Science 13674:Rouble 13616:Economy 13592:Science 13402:Premier 13383:Offices 13245:Leaders 13165:General 13133:Siberia 13106:Regions 13080:Oblasts 12921:October 12898:History 12337:Amerika 12220:Comecon 12105:Fascism 12095:Zionism 12044:Titoism 11585:Contras 11053:Détente 10330:Comecon 9413:6402080 9238:Ogoniok 9224:Inquiry 9170:Society 9153:4125732 9093:7225584 8853:6886846 8643:2597834 8208:Society 8177:7149424 8143:4065851 7987:6107077 7897:3120927 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