31:
43:
371:
that snatched away the body of a boy who had already died, substituting a straw doll. The striges made their presence known by their scream, and a manservant attending to the intrusion discovered a woman and ran her through with a sword so that she groaned, but his whole body turned livid and would
212:; she and her bear-like sons Agrios and Oreios were transformed into birds as punishment for their cannibalism. Here the strix is described as (a bird) "that cries by night, without food or drink, with head below and tips of feet above, a harbinger of war and civil strife to men".
420:
also came to mean "witches". One paper speculates that this meaning is as old as the 4th century BC, on the basis that in the origin myth of Boios, various names can be connected to the
Macedonia-Thrace region well known for witches. But more concrete examples occur in Ovid's
1094:, p. 135: "As woman-bird, she is .. possessed of a craving for human flesh and blood. Boio transfers this quality to her offspring in human form, to Agrios alone in avian form ."
246:
as a "terror" to mankind, but noted a widespread belief in Italy that it was a "bloodthirsty monster in bird form." This study surmises that the Greeks later borrowed the concept of
1237:, pp. 330–331 only refers to Carna obtaining her power as compensation for Janus raping her, but the earlier passage in Ovid states a white wand was given to her. Ovid,
1070:
Latin translation: "Polyphonte in Stygem mutata est, avem noctu canentem, cibi potusque exsortem, caput deorsum, pedes imos habentem, belli et seditionis hominibus nuciam"
292:("vampyre owls") devouring the diners' gastrointestinal organs while still alive, and shortening their lifespan. Commentators point to this as attestation that the
1614:
801:
branch, and placating the evil with chopped entrails of pigs, etc. This constitutes an explanation for the custom of eating beans and bacon on the
159:, they threatened to do more harm than that. They were said to disembowel an infant and feed on its blood. Ovid allows the possibilities of the
571:
is the
Romanian male vampire. Both can scream loudly, especially when they become poltergeists—a trait they have in common with the banshees.
1428:
140:
dismissed this as nonsense and remarked it was impossible to establish what bird was meant by this. The same habit, where the strix
215:
The tale only survives in the form as recorded by
Antonius who flourished 100–300 AD, but it preserved an older tale from the lost
101:. This is the only thorough description of the strix in Classical literature. Elsewhere, it is described as being dark-colored.
326:
in his cradle. The assault was detected and interrupted but left the infant with scars on his cheeks and discoloration of his
242:
dating back to this age (4th century BC). In an opposing view, one study failed to find the ancient Greeks subscribing to the
1360:
95:
is described as a large-headed bird with transfixed eyes, rapacious beak, greyish white wings, and hooked claws in Ovid's
1794:
413:'s rejuvenating concoction which she boiled in a cauldron used a long list of ingredients, including the strix's wings.
1804:
1789:
1002:
119:) was a nocturnally crying creature which positioned its feet upwards and head below, according to a pre-300 BC Greek
1693:
1626:
1187:
1047:
1036:
892:
881:
123:. It is probably meant to be (and translated as) an owl, but is highly suggestive of a bat which hangs upside-down.
1704:
844:
1008:
764:
539:
in both name and sense as defined by
Medieval lexicographers was in use throughout central and eastern Europe.
1637:
630:
297:
1500:
1296:
527:. He wrote that they sometimes had corporeal bodies and wore clothing, and sometimes appeared as spirits.
469:, they were punished in Hades by being tied to a pillar with snakes, with a strix perched on that column.
135:
380:
Pliny's comment that "...employed in maledictions" signified that its name invoked in "potent" magic
391:
There are several examples of the strix's plumage, etc., said to be used as an ingredient in magic.
580:
17:
871:
754:
Their name was once used as a curse being the only other piece of information Pliny gives here.
430:
1667:
1644:
1436:
1377:
1242:
1199:
1026:
1610:
1191:
794:
1714:
McDonough, Christopher
Michael (1997). "Carna, Proca and the Strix on the Kalends of June".
250:
as witches, a concept articulated in Ovid, and one scholar estimates the Greeks adopted the
235:
8:
708:
187:
67:
47:
1767:
1740:
1731:
482:
458:
35:
1342:
Propertius, iii, 6, 29. The woman
Cynthia accuses her rival of using the love potion.
1300:
defined "II. In partic., a curse, imprecation" and "II B. transf., a cursed thing" in
1799:
1689:
1661:
1633:
1622:
1043:
1032:
888:
877:
1759:
1723:
1652:
1301:
1114:'s Latin comedy was a reworking of a hypothetical "Greek original belonging to the
492:
227:
130:
in later folklore was a bird which squirted milk upon the lips of (human) infants.
238:
with her sons, and seeks to reconstruct an ancient Greek belief in the man-eating
1683:
397:
131:
1577:
1566:
1525:
1326:
725:
518:
500:
254:
as "child-murdering horrors" by the "last centuries BC". The modern Greek form
1783:
1588:
1115:
1107:
798:
603:
594:
205:
71:
650:
781:
310:
97:
1415:
1270:
The same work also notes the striges would feed on the marrow or sinews (
487:
478:
402:
120:
30:
1619:
The
Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis: A Translation with Commentary
554:
429:
as transformations of hags is offered as one possible explanation, and
406:
385:
364:
327:
209:
181:
75:
1771:
1744:
1735:
1706:
Modern Greek folklore and ancient Greek religion: a study in survivals
1752:
Transactions and
Proceedings of the American Philological Association
738:
737:
In the ancient world the bat was commonly classified as a bird; only
359:
354:
334:
away from the newborn prince was subsequently performed by the nymph
280:
141:
909:
433:(fl. late 2nd century) glossed as "women who practice witchcraft" "(
1763:
1727:
741:
differed, considering it halfway between bird and land animal. See
608:
576:
454:
384:
according to one interpretation, but it may have only been used as
285:
163:
being birds of nature, or products of magic, or transformations by
145:
1750:
Oliphant, Samuel Grant (1913). "The Story of the Strix: Ancient".
1663:
The Fasti, Tristia, Pontic
Epistles, Ibis, and Halieuticon of Ovid
607:; historically, this genus was (erroneously) thought to extend to
234:
herself did not perpetrate harm on humans. But one paper suggests
1655:, Thomas Muncker. apud Sam. et Joan. Luchtmans. pp. 137–143.
1455:
1407:
1111:
802:
588:
584:
567:
466:
275:
42:
777:
625:
553:. This word itself gave a term sometimes also used in English,
392:
335:
323:
149:
38:, may have influenced Greek ideas of the blood-drinking strix.
700:
620:
598:
410:
381:
343:
220:
164:
1307:
363:(late 1st century AD) includes a tale told by the character
152:
on the infant was the prescribed amulet to ward against it.
1685:
The Witch: A History of Fear, from
Ancient Times to Present
1411:
1204:
1170:
1168:
978:
315:
1506:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1028:
Flights of Fancy: Birds in Myth, Legend, and Superstition
721:
401:, wrote that the strix's feathers are an ingredient in a
144:
foul-smelling milk onto an infant's lips is mentioned by
74:, that fed on human flesh and blood. It also referred to
1216:
1165:
1126:
1124:
284:
dated to 191 BC, in which an inferior cook's cuisine is
1388:
1148:
1073:
966:
937:, p. 136. And p. 145, " found the Titinian strix".
913:) is rather vague, and may not be indicative of color.
453:
owls which cry in the marshes in Hades, by the edge of
170:
1716:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
1121:
947:
945:
943:
1136:
338:(or goddess Carna), who owned a wand of whitethorn (
303:
269:
940:
565:is the name of the Romanian feminine vampire, and
1418:, and the source of these rivers are the Tartaus.
437:)" or "flying women" ("witches" by transference)
388:, reflecting its regard as an accursed creature.
1781:
1052:
1758:. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 133–149.
1722:. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 315–344.
1709:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 176–179.
1596:
933:II, 188, Latin passage quoted and discussed by
997:
995:
993:
260:may betray an influence of a Latin diminutive
46:"Le Stryge" Chimera overlooks Paris from atop
34:The appearance and calls of owls, such as the
1253:
1251:
1001:Bostock, John; Riley, H.T., ed., tr., Pliny,
223:, dated to before the end of 4th century BC.
1649:Antōninou Liberalis Metamorphōseōn Sunagōgē
990:
685:
675:
669:
261:
255:
199:
114:
1248:
925:
923:
660:
658:
477:The legend of the strix survived into the
1713:
1313:
1234:
1222:
1174:
346:, which could expel evil from all doors.
78:and related malevolent folkloric beings.
70:, was a bird of ill omen, the product of
1749:
1475:
1463:
1443:
1364:
1343:
1330:
1283:
1258:
1210:
1159:
1103:
1091:
1079:
984:
960:
934:
914:
865:
863:
861:
859:
742:
583:. In Albanian folklore, we can find the
41:
29:
1642:
1608:
1549:John of Damascus, I, p. 473, in Migne,
1376:Frazer, James George (1929) ed., Ovid,
1058:
972:
956:
920:
843:Frazer, James George (1933) ed., Ovid,
839:
837:
835:
655:
530:
375:
14:
1782:
1702:
1681:
1554:
1537:
1512:
1446:, p. 138: "Tartarean birds", etc.
1394:
1370:
1241:6.110ff. Riley, Thomas H. (1851) tr.,
1142:
1130:
873:Birds in the Ancient World from A to Z
869:
86:
1659:
856:
850:
805:of June as votive offerings to Carna.
557:, a form of witchcraft. In Romanian,
1660:Ovid (1851). Riley, Henry T. (ed.).
1621:. Psychology Press. pp. 77–78.
1024:
1018:
832:
636:
175:
465:. Also, according to the legend of
171:Classical tales of bloodthirstiness
24:
1434:, 686ff; Wilson, Emily (2010) tr.
25:
1816:
1031:. Random House Publishing Group.
793:The ritual involved stroking the
631:Vampires in popular culture#Strix
575:is also the Romanian name of the
425:(early 1st century AD) where the
1491:, as in Antonius Libellus above.
1410:, one of two rivers forming the
1359:VII, 269. More, Brookes (1922),
959:, pp. 77–78, summarized in
724:was the only winged animal with
304:Ovid's account of striges attack
270:Early passing reference in Latin
1582:
1571:
1560:
1543:
1518:
1494:
1481:
1469:
1449:
1442:, pp. 159–160. Seneca cited by
1421:
1400:
1349:
1336:
1319:
1289:
1277:
1264:
1228:
1180:
1097:
1085:
1064:
814:Strymon, Thraissa and Triballos
808:
787:
776:Procas was a legendary king of
770:
763:Although this is an example of
757:
748:
731:
714:
274:The first Latin allusion is in
1703:Lawson, John Cuthbert (1910).
1186:Riley, Henry Thomas tr. (1912)
897:
693:
643:
545:(obviously derived from Latin
81:
13:
1:
1647:. In Verheyk, Hendrik (ed.).
1524:John of Damascus, I, p. 473 (
876:. Routledge. pp. 2032f.
821:
440:
296:were regarded as man-eating (
148:, who noted the placement of
1643:Antoninus Liberalis (1774).
1609:Antoninus Liberalis (1992).
1597:General and cited references
870:Arnott, W. Geoffrey (2007).
826:
349:
167:using magical incantations.
7:
1385:, p. 143, notes to VI. 131.
1190:. Morris, E. P., ed. (1895)
614:
472:
104:
27:Folkloric bird of antiquity
10:
1821:
1795:Mythological birds of prey
1286:, p. 137, and note 10
1188:Pseudolus, Act. 3, Scene 2
549:) is the Italian term for
405:, as has his contemporary
179:
1805:Roman legendary creatures
1790:Greek legendary creatures
1688:. Yale University Press.
1529:
1106:, p. 135. Accepting
931:Scaen. Rom. Poesis Fragg.
686:
676:
670:
522:
504:
491:. In the 7th–8th century
256:
200:
115:
1487:Hyginus spells the bird
1257:Satyricon 63, quoted in
322:targeted legendary king
1682:Hutton, Ronald (2017).
1118:of the fourth century."
330:. A ritual to keep the
66:), in the mythology of
1666:. H. G. Bohn. p.
953:Μεταμορφώσεων Συναγωγή
929:Titinius, in Ribbeck,
797:and threshold with an
587:, and in Slavic - the
431:Sextus Pompeius Festus
372:die a few days later.
262:
155:In the case of Ovid's
51:
39:
951:Antoninus Liberalis,
597:named the biological
581:death's-head hawkmoth
45:
33:
1553:, p. 1604. Cited by
1536:, p. 1604. Cited by
1515:, pp. 178, 181.
1414:of the residence of
1110:'s postulation that
1025:Tate, Peter (2011).
531:Modern derived terms
435:maleficis mulieribus
376:Magical associations
236:guilt by association
1501:Etymologiae book 12
1325:Made by "the witch
1316:, pp. 325–326.
1213:, pp. 135–136.
1010:Naturalis Historia'
1004:The Natural History
987:, pp. 134–135.
709:Antoninus Liberalis
342:), given to her by
188:Antoninus Liberalis
87:Physical appearance
68:classical antiquity
48:Notre-Dame de Paris
963:, pp. 133–134
955:21, translated in
853:, p. 216, tr.
711:, described below.
505:στρίγγαι, Στρῦγγαι
467:Otus and Ephialtes
459:Seneca the Younger
52:
40:
36:Eurasian scops owl
1676:Secondary sources
1645:"XXI. Polyphonte"
1551:Patrologia Graeca
1534:Patrologia Graeca
1478:, p. 138, note 11
1397:, pp. 69–70.
1302:Lewis & Short
975:, pp. 77–78.
637:Explanatory notes
481:, as recorded in
367:, describing the
230:, the ill-omened
176:Greek origin myth
16:(Redirected from
1812:
1775:
1739:
1710:
1699:
1671:
1656:
1653:Wilhelm Xylander
1632:
1615:Celoria, Francis
1611:"21. Polyphonte"
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1547:
1541:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1374:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1323:
1317:
1314:McDonough (1997)
1311:
1305:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1274:) of the living.
1268:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1235:McDonough (1997)
1232:
1226:
1223:McDonough (1997)
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1192:T. Macci Plauti
1184:
1178:
1175:McDonough (1997)
1172:
1163:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1042:
1022:
1016:
999:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
949:
938:
927:
918:
901:
895:
887:
867:
854:
841:
815:
812:
806:
791:
785:
774:
768:
761:
755:
752:
746:
735:
729:
718:
712:
697:
691:
689:
688:
680:), emended from
679:
678:
673:
672:
662:
653:
647:
601:of earless owls
561:means 'scream',
524:
506:
493:John of Damascus
449:, vultures, and
265:
259:
258:
203:
202:
118:
117:
21:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1696:
1629:
1603:Primary sources
1599:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1548:
1544:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1482:
1476:Oliphant (1913)
1474:
1470:
1464:Oliphant (1913)
1454:
1450:
1444:Oliphant (1913)
1435:
1430:Hercules Furens
1427:
1426:
1422:
1406:The spot is by
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1375:
1371:
1365:Oliphant (1913)
1354:
1350:
1344:Oliphant (1913)
1341:
1337:
1331:Oliphant (1913)
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1294:
1290:
1284:Oliphant (1913)
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1259:Oliphant (1913)
1256:
1249:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1211:Oliphant (1913)
1209:
1205:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1166:
1160:Oliphant (1913)
1158:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1122:
1104:Oliphant (1913)
1102:
1098:
1092:Oliphant (1913)
1090:
1086:
1080:Oliphant (1913)
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1039:
1023:
1019:
1000:
991:
985:Oliphant (1913)
983:
979:
971:
967:
961:Oliphant (1913)
950:
941:
935:Oliphant (1913)
928:
921:
915:Oliphant (1913)
902:
898:
884:
868:
857:
842:
833:
829:
824:
819:
818:
813:
809:
792:
788:
775:
771:
762:
758:
753:
749:
743:Oliphant (1913)
736:
732:
719:
715:
707:, preserved by
698:
694:
663:
656:
648:
644:
639:
617:
535:The Latin term
533:
515:) in his entry
499:(Greek plural:
475:
463:Hercules Furens
443:
378:
352:
306:
298:anthropophagism
272:
184:
178:
173:
137:Natural History
107:
89:
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1777:
1776:
1764:10.2307/282549
1747:
1728:10.2307/284396
1711:
1700:
1694:
1673:
1672:
1657:
1640:
1627:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1542:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1480:
1468:
1466:, p. 138.
1448:
1420:
1399:
1387:
1369:
1357:Metamporphosis
1348:
1346:, p. 137.
1335:
1318:
1306:
1288:
1276:
1263:
1247:
1227:
1225:, p. 315.
1215:
1203:
1179:
1177:, p. 319.
1164:
1162:, p. 135.
1147:
1135:
1133:, p. 180.
1120:
1096:
1084:
1082:, p. 134.
1072:
1063:
1059:Verheyk (1774)
1051:
1037:
1017:
989:
977:
973:Celoria (1992)
965:
957:Celoria (1992)
939:
919:
917:, p. 136.
896:
882:
855:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
817:
816:
807:
786:
769:
765:figurative use
756:
747:
745:, p. 134 n. 4.
730:
726:mammary glands
713:
692:
654:
641:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
628:
623:
616:
613:
589:strzyga/stryha
532:
529:
517:Perī Stryggōn
474:
471:
442:
439:
377:
374:
351:
348:
305:
302:
271:
268:
226:In this Greek
177:
174:
172:
169:
116:στρίξ, στριγός
106:
103:
88:
85:
83:
80:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1817:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1695:9780300229042
1691:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:9780415068963
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1557:, p. 144
1556:
1555:Lawson (1910)
1552:
1546:
1540:, p. 178
1539:
1538:Lawson (1910)
1535:
1532:), in Migne,
1530:περί Στρυγγῶν
1527:
1521:
1514:
1513:Lawson (1910)
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1462:28, cited by
1461:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:Six Tragedies
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1395:Hutton (2017)
1391:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1367:, p. 137
1366:
1362:
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1345:
1339:
1333:, p. 137
1332:
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1322:
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1171:
1169:
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1156:
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1152:
1145:, p. 69.
1144:
1143:Hutton (2017)
1139:
1132:
1131:Lawson (1910)
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:Middle comedy
1113:
1109:
1108:Theodor Bergk
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1048:9780307783974
1045:
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1038:9780307783974
1034:
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893:9781134556250
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883:9781134556250
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523:περί Στρυγγῶν
520:
514:
510:
502:
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494:
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489:
484:
480:
470:
468:
464:
460:
457:according to
456:
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229:
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218:
213:
211:
207:
206:metamorphosis
197:
193:
192:Metamorphoses
189:
186:According to
183:
168:
166:
162:
158:
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147:
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139:
138:
133:
129:
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112:
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100:
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79:
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72:metamorphosis
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
44:
37:
32:
19:
1755:
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1715:
1705:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1662:
1648:
1618:
1602:
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1584:
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1562:
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1520:
1508:
1496:
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1459:
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1390:
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1378:
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1321:
1309:
1295:
1291:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1238:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1200:note, p. 171
1198:, p. 57 and
1193:
1182:
1138:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1066:
1054:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1003:
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968:
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904:
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872:
851:Riley (1851)
845:
810:
789:
782:Roman Empire
772:
759:
750:
733:
716:
705:Ornithologia
704:
699:The myth is
695:
681:
665:
645:
602:
593:
572:
566:
562:
558:
550:
546:
542:
541:
536:
534:
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508:
496:
495:equated the
486:
476:
462:
450:
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417:
415:
396:
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309:
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293:
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286:metaphorized
279:
273:
251:
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243:
239:
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217:Ornithologia
216:
214:
195:
191:
185:
160:
156:
154:
136:
127:
125:
110:
108:
96:
92:
90:
63:
59:
55:
53:
1503:, ch. 7.42.
1363:. Cited by
1361:translation
1245:, p. 214ff.
780:before the
579:and of the
507:) with the
488:Etymologiae
479:Middle Ages
461:'s tragedy
403:love potion
121:origin myth
82:Description
1784:Categories
1638:0415068967
1589:DEX Online
1578:DEX Online
1567:DEX Online
903:The Latin
849:VI. 131–,
822:References
720:Since the
687:ϛύξ / στύξ
563:strigoaică
555:stregheria
445:There are
441:Underworld
407:Propertius
386:curse-word
365:Trimalchio
328:complexion
308:In Ovid's
210:Polyphonte
182:Polyphonte
180:See also:
1194:Pseudolus
1014:, xi.232.
1007:, xi.95.
827:Citations
739:Aristotle
609:barn owls
509:gelloudes
360:Satyricon
357:'s novel
355:Petronius
350:Satyricon
281:Pseudolus
278:' comedy
1800:Vampires
1297:mălĕdīco
1061:, p. 140
651:canities
615:See also
595:Linnaeus
577:barn owl
511:(pl. of
497:stiriges
473:Medieval
455:Tartarus
263:strigula
204:) was a
146:Titinius
142:lactates
105:Behavior
58:(plural
1617:(ed.).
1460:Fabulae
1456:Hyginus
1408:Cocytus
1327:Canidia
1112:Plautus
803:Kalends
799:arbutus
649:Latin:
585:shtriga
573:Strigăt
568:strigoi
559:strigăt
483:Isidore
447:striges
427:striges
418:striges
395:in his
369:striges
332:striges
320:striges
318:), the
294:striges
290:striges
288:as the
276:Plautus
257:στρίγλα
165:witches
161:striges
157:striges
134:in his
76:witches
64:strixes
60:striges
18:Striges
1772:282549
1770:
1745:284396
1743:
1736:284396
1734:
1692:
1636:
1625:
1355:Ovid,
1272:nervus
1046:
1035:
891:
880:
795:lintel
778:Latium
664:Greek
626:Lilith
547:striga
543:Strega
537:striga
398:Epodes
393:Horace
382:curses
336:Cranae
324:Procas
194:, the
150:garlic
1768:JSTOR
1741:JSTOR
1732:JSTOR
1613:. In
1526:Greek
1379:Fasti
1243:Fasti
1239:Fasti
846:Fasti
701:Boios
677:ϛρίγξ
671:στρίξ
666:strīx
621:Lamia
604:Strix
599:genus
551:witch
519:Greek
513:gello
501:Greek
423:Fasti
411:Medea
344:Janus
340:spina
311:Fasti
252:strix
248:strix
244:strīx
240:strīx
232:strīx
221:Boios
201:στρίξ
196:strīx
132:Pliny
128:strix
111:strīx
98:Fasti
93:strix
56:strix
1690:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1489:styx
1412:moat
1044:ISBN
1033:ISBN
910:ater
905:atra
889:ISBN
878:ISBN
682:styx
451:bubo
416:The
316:8 AD
228:myth
126:The
109:The
91:The
54:The
1760:doi
1724:doi
1720:127
1668:216
1416:Dis
1329:":
1196:820
722:bat
703:'s
674:or
485:'s
300:).
219:by
208:of
190:'s
62:or
1786::
1766:.
1756:44
1754:.
1730:.
1718:.
1651:.
1528::
1458:,
1250:^
1167:^
1150:^
1123:^
992:^
942:^
922:^
858:^
834:^
690:).
657:^
611:.
591:.
521::
503::
409:.
266:.
1774:.
1762::
1738:.
1726::
1698:.
1670:.
1631:.
1383:4
1304:.
1041:.
907:(
886:.
784:.
767:.
728:.
684:(
668:(
525:)
314:(
198:(
113:(
50:.
20:)
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