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186:, and in exterior form only in a 1933 patent simply described as "boat" without interior plans or a detailed accompanying text. Geddes also filed a patent in 1933 relating to boat-launching and stowing gear. In 1934 he filed a more detailed patent referring to the earlier two and giving three dense pages of explanatory text.
168:, walkways, and sundecks. Behind the rear smoke stack were two small aircraft that would normally be hidden. In good weather, parts of the outer skin, which was part transparent, could be slid back to expose recreation areas or, in the event of an emergency, launch the 24 lifeboats.
154:
The liner was designed by Norman Bel Geddes and his staff as an "office exercise", an ambitious or unusual project of the type that Geddes was in the habit of giving to his staff in the gaps between client commissions. It would have been 1,088 feet (332 m) long with a
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and improve speed by an estimated 14 percent. The streamlining was created by the cigar shape of the ship, which hid the oval smoke stacks inside the superstructure along with all the other external features of the ship such as
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commented, "One can see that it is a manmade machine, yet it nonetheless has taken on the appearance of a thing shaped by wind and water, like a smoothly polished bone. Is it suppose to move on, above, or under water?"
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and an outline patent was filed in 1933 with a detailed patent following in 1934. An offer was made for the rights to the design in the late 1930s, which Geddes refused. He still hoped to sell it to an
American
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used the same phrase in 1935, additionally suggesting that the idea of the streamlined ship had been modeled on the air clipper, describing it as "like a great airliner with its flying bridge".
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that Geddes saw as a replacement for the ocean liner and which he hoped would cut the travel time from
America to England to 42 hours from the four and a half days taken by an ocean liner.
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and offered to buy all the blueprints, sketches, and rights to the ship for $ 200,000. Geddes declined, as he still expected to sell the idea to
American shipbuilders.
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in design, producing ambitious and futuristic projects in the 1930s for vehicles, flying cars, aircraft, and consumer goods, only some of which were realized.
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newsreel titled "The Liner Of
Tomorrow!" in which the narrator explained streamlining and compared the shape of the ship to that of a
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of 70,000 tons and accommodated 2,000 first-class passengers and 900 crew. Its streamlined form was intended to reduce the effect of
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described it as "a vessel so far removed, yet not without its own beauty of line that our work-a-day brain reels before it".
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Norman Bel Geddes
Collection, Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
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Back to the Future: A New Look at
Modernist Hero Norman Bel Geddes, Designer of the Original 1939 "Futurama".
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228:, blunt at the front and tapered at the back, saying: "nature evolved this form a long time ago".
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The Man Who
Designed the Future: Norman Bel Geddes and the Invention of Twentieth-Century America
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with a full page feature inside, in which it was described as one of the "Ocean
Greyhounds".
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623:. Translated by Geoffrey Winthrop-Young. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 162.
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121:, blunt at the front and tapered at the rear. It first appeared in Geddes' 1932 book
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Papers relating to the project are held in the Norman Bel Geddes
Collection at the
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Despite Geddes' patents, vessels began to appear with a similarity to his such as
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Cultural
Techniques: Grids, Filters, Doors, and Other Articulations of the Real
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pictured the liner in a supplement titled "Machine-Made Art" (1935), while
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advertisement showing a streamlined ocean liner (never built).
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The only protruding part of the design was the navigator's
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In April 1934, the liner was shown on the front cover of
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in the United States. He was one of the pioneers of
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399:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 274.
396:Designing Modern America: Broadway to Main Street
270:visited Geddes on behalf of the Italian dictator
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193:was a 1932 design for a giant aircraft known as
182:The design first appeared in Geddes' 1932 book
607:, British Pathé, 1935. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
463:. Brooklyn: Melville House. pp. 163–164.
589:"Streamline Ships Modeled After Air Clippers"
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350:based upon the Streamlined Ocean Liner design
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498:Job 248, Streamlined Ocean Liner, 1932–1959.
650:. London: Reaktion Books. p. 116–117.
438:, 22 October 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
263:(launched 1935) with its aircraft styling.
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179:wing in order to reduce wind resistance.
681:Norman Bel Geddes streamline ocean liner
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697:Cancelled projects in the United States
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266:In the late 1930s, theatrical designer
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138:Norman Bel Geddes was one of the first
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289:at the University of Texas at Austin.
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515:. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 36-43.
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647:Transport Design: A Travel History
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372:"New Streamlining for Big Ships",
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37:"New Streamlining for Big Ships",
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220:In 1935, the liner featured in a
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130:, but the ship was never built.
109:for a streamlined steam-powered
82:under way. Entered service 1936.
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457:Szerlip, B. Alexandra (2017).
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277:In 2015, cultural commentator
49:Streamlined superstructure of
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568:. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
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393:Innes, Christopher. (2005).
175:which was swept back like a
113:. The shape was compared by
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617:Siegert, Bernhard. (2015).
509:Geddes, Norman Bel. (1932)
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256:(1933) and the redesigned
644:Gregory Votolato (2007).
533:. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
422:, Vol. 49 (1946), p. 483.
343:The Big Broadcast of 1938
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605:"The Liner Of Tomorrow!"
595:, November 1935, p. 702.
548:Retrieved 1 March 2018.
374:Popular Science Monthly
231:Encyclopædia Britannica
208:Popular Science Monthly
103:Streamlined Ocean Liner
39:Popular Science Monthly
26:Popular Science Monthly
254:Virginia Ferry Company
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578:Szerlip, pp. 130–132.
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683:at Wikimedia Commons
376:, April 1934, p. 37.
201:Reception and legacy
140:industrial designers
16:Proposed ship design
287:Harry Ransom Center
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702:Norman Bel Geddes
679:Media related to
657:978-1-8618-9329-1
630:978-0-8232-6375-2
593:Popular Mechanics
434:Paul Goldberger,
406:978-0-300-12955-7
214:Popular Mechanics
195:Airliner Number 4
189:Also featured in
107:Norman Bel Geddes
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436:Vanity Fair
128:shipbuilder
111:ocean liner
712:1932 ships
691:Categories
563:US2141180A
355:References
134:Background
543:US1958040
177:monoplane
166:lifeboats
528:USD91579
512:Horizons
348:Gigantic
336:See also
260:Kalakala
258:MV
252:for the
247:SS
226:porpoise
191:Horizons
184:Horizons
123:Horizons
119:porpoise
67:Kalakala
65:MV
51:SS
97:, 1946.
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173:bridge
150:Design
70:(1935)
222:Pathé
115:Pathé
652:ISBN
625:ISBN
465:ISBN
401:ISBN
330:1934
318:1934
306:1933
101:The
91:Bohn
245:'s
78:SS
693::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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