524:, conventional stock agencies charge from several hundred to several thousand American dollars per image, and "base fees on the published size of an image, circulation and other factors." Microstock photos may sell for as little as US$ 0.25. Professional stock photographers traditionally place their images with one or more stock agencies on a contractual basis, with a defined commission basis and specified contract term. The industry standard is purportedly 30 to 50 percent to the photographer, although at the start of the stock photography industry, fees were typically cut half and half between the agency and artist. Other stock agencies may accept the high-quality photos of amateur photographers through online submission.
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223:. He actively expanded his collection by placing ads in magazines for stills and photos. A different early pioneer with the stock industry was photographer Tony Stone, whose portfolio of mountain scenes proved popular with chocolate advertisers. Stone's stock library eventually reached 20,000 images, each selected for its likelihood to sell multiple copies.
575:", which could encapsulate themes such as "global communication, success, and teamwork". After the consolidation of many stock photo agencies in the 1990s and early 2000s, new companies began focusing on "niche collections" including "medical, science, minorities, gay and lesbian lifestyles, aviation, maps,
692:
license that, if purchased by a user, allows the one-time use of the photo as specified by the license. If the user wants to use the photo for other uses an additional license needs to be purchased. RM licenses can be given on a nonexclusive or exclusive basis. In stock photography RM is one of the
661:
license where the user has the right to use the picture without many restrictions based on one-time payment to the licensor. The user can, therefore, use the image in several projects without having to purchase any additional licenses. RF licenses cannot be given on an exclusive basis. In stock
527:
Some online photo websites have created unique software to search for fitting stock photos, for example searching for complicated keyword combinations, color, shapes, and "moods". Other search engines may seek to quantify the best photos by looking for elements as diverse as "bright lights",
593:
you're seeing a stock image. And while stock images' stockiness may be in part due to the common visual tropes that give them their easy, cheesy impact - prettiness, preciousness, pose-iness - there's part of it that's more ephemeral, too. Though they have little in common, shots of a
50:. Conventional stock agencies charge from several hundred to several thousand US dollars per image, while microstock photography may sell for around US$ 0.25 cents. Professional stock photographers traditionally place their images with one or more stock agencies on a
180:
ensured that the people photographed in "Group in Front of Tri-Motor
Airplane" all signed model releases. This allowed the photograph and others like it to be commercially viable. In an effort to save the cost of hiring photographers for commission-based
514:: Low-priced and inclusive stock photography. In competition to traditional agencies, microstock photography is a relatively new model of stock photography which is available through agencies that sell images for lower prices but in greater volume.
475:
enabling the public to upload and sell breaking news images taken with cameraphones. In 2007 Scoopt was purchased by Getty Images, which closed it in 2009. In 2012 Shutterstock became the first microstock agency to complete an
340:, illustrations and hundreds of thousands of videos contributed by agencies and independent photographers or collected from news archives, museums and national collections. Its suppliers include both professional and amateur
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that are often licensed for specific uses. The stock photo industry, which began to gain hold in the 1920s, has established models including traditional macrostock photography, midstock photography, and
498:, as of 2005 "most" book cover designers prefer stock photography agencies over photographers in efforts to save costs. Publishers can then purchase photographs on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis.
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to catalogue the entire archive using a system of keywords and classifications. The Gibbs-Smith system claims to be the world's first indexing system for pictures, and it was eventually adopted by the
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wrote in 2012 that "one of the more wacky/wondrous elements of stock photos is the manner in which, as a genre, they've developed a unifying editorial sensibility. To see a stock image is... to
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176:. Initially starting with staff photographers, independent free-lance photographers eventually took over. One of the first examples of a stock photo was circa 1920 when American photographer
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who emigrated to the United States in 1935, the
Bettman Archive began with Bettmann's personal collection of 15,000 images which he brought with him in suitcases when he escaped from
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in 2012, "one of the more wacky/wondrous elements of stock photos is the manner in which, as a genre, they've developed a unifying editorial sensibility. To see a stock image is,
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licensing was the norm in the stock industry. There was a great amount of consolidation among stock photo agencies between 1990 and the mid-2000s, particularly through
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632:(PD) means the image is free to use without purchasing a license, and can be used for commercial or personal purposes. Works in the public domain are those whose
336:(registered as Alamy Limited) is a privately owned stock photography agency launched in 1999. Alamy maintains an online archive of over one hundred million still
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By the 1980s, stock photography had become a specialty in its own right, with the stock industry advancing quickly. As photo libraries transitioned from physical
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and Getty Images combined purchased more than 40 stock photo agencies. iStockphoto, or iStock.com, was acquired by Getty in 2006. In
February 2009,
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245:, it became clear that its vast collection of photographs and negatives were becoming an important historical documentary resource. In 1945,
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in New York is an example of an early traditional stock agency, with the company delivering photos upon 24-hour request to magazines such as
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to servers in the mid-1990s, "stock libraries" were increasingly called "stock agencies". The archives also began to rely increasingly on
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1438:"Image is everything.(West Stock and PhotoDisc introduce Web sites) (Internet Watch) (Company Business and Marketing)(Brief Article)"
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launched
Clashot, a service that allows smartphone users to instantly upload photos to the photobank from their devices, followed by
778:
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Traditional stock photo agencies have large catalogues that may include press archives and works by notable photographers such as
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system, royalty free allowed the purchaser of a CD ROM to use the images as many times as they liked without paying further fees.
2338:
1964:
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2007:
1716:"Shutterstock Announces Closing of Initial Public Offering and Exercise of Underwriters' Option to Purchase Additional Shares"
1629:"Jupitermedia Announces Completion Of Sale Of Jupiterimages To Getty Images and Change Of Jupitermedia Name to WebMediaBrands"
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include "lifestyle" photographs of people "at work and play", food, sports, and fashion. Other stock photo themes may include
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sold their online stock images division, Jupiterimages, to Getty Images for $ 96 million in cash, including the sites
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was founded as new microstock agency. Other stock agencies with new business models around this time included
54:, while stock agencies may accept the high-quality photos of amateur photographers through online submission.
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492:, which are often licensed for specific uses such as magazine publishing or pamphlet-making. According to
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There was a great amount of consolidation among stock photo agencies between 1990 and the mid-2000s, with
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779:"The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science"
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The Focal encyclopaedia of photography: digital imaging, theory and applications, history, and science
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The Focal encyclopaedia of photography: digital imaging, theory and applications, history, and science
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Macrostock: High-priced and exclusive stock photography, also known as traditional stock photography
185:, publishers and advertisers began to consider stock photos as a less risky alternative. One of the
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was founded in May 2000. Originally a free stock imagery website, it transitioned into its current
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typing on a laptop and a man contemplating the sunset can both be, in their special way, stocky."
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Midstock: Stock photography priced between micro stock and macro stock, which is often used online
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you're seeing a stock image." Historically notable traditional stock photo agencies have included
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Rights
Managed (RM) in the stock photo industry (sometimes called "licensed images") refers to a
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and
Shutterstock, all expanded into major microstock companies. In March 2013 microstock company
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1596:"Stock Photos Site Fotolia Launches Fotolia Instant, An App For Selling Your Smartphone Photos"
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1352:. Vol. 52, no. 3. New York City: American Heritage Publishing Company. p. 5.
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344:, stock agencies, news archives, museums and national collections. Its clients are from the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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with packs of images. Unlike their competitors, Photodisc licensed the image packs as
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Example of a public domain stock photo, showing the Marina City building complex in
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2004:
1966:
Intellectual
Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment
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2011:
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set up the Hulton Press
Library as a semi-independent operation and commissioned
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20:
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480:, with the company's shares reaching a $ 2.5 billion market value by late 2013.
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2224:
1684:"Getty shutting Scoopt citizen journalism photo site to focus on core business"
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being business models often confused as separate license types (both use the
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Newspapers and magazines were first able to reproduce photographs instead of
31:
3030:
432:, which debuted in 2004. By 2007 Dreamstime was competing with iStockphoto,
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was founded in 2003 with a monthly subscription fee. Online since 2000 as a
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in 2013. Helping pioneer the subscription-based model of stock photography,
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528:"evidence of emotional connections between people", and the tilt of faces.
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2200:
2117:"From Sex Object to Gritty Woman: The Evolution of Women in Stock Photos"
1208:
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401:
393:
345:
318:
went online in 1995, in
September 1997, PhotoDisc agreed to combine with
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148:
132:
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79:
in the United
Kingdom, among many others. In the 1990s companies such as
68:
42:
1805:"How Shutterstock Is Training Its System to Help You Find Better Photos"
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photography, RF is one of the common licenses sometimes contrasted with
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was founded in 1973, in Barcelona, Spain, by Alfonso Gutierrez Escera.
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80:
26:
19:"Stock image" redirects here. For the securities valuation tool, see
1837:"Shutterstock Has Trained A Computer To Find You The Perfect Photos"
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1150:
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by the Archive Curator Sarah McDonald, 15/10/04. Accessed March 2008
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2572:
2502:
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2291:
2286:
1442:
1375:"Alfonso Gutierrez, Speaker of the CEPIC Cultural Heritage Webinar"
579:, historical, sports, and celebrity homes". Opined Megan Garber of
444:, that launched the very similar Fotolia Instant later that year.
165:
1540:"Silicon Alley's First Billionaire Aims To Dominate Images On Web"
1304:
920:"The Tao of Shutterstock: What Makes a Stock Photo a Stock Photo?"
3300:
2449:
2395:
2080:"See Vince Vaughn's Stock Photos With 'Unfinished Business' Cast"
622:
441:
433:
276:
216:
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348:, publishing and advertising industries and the general public.
270:
226:
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rights have expired, have been forfeited, or are inapplicable.
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Themes for stock photos are diverse, although Megan Garber of
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Known as a stock resource for newspapers and magazines, the
143:
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1773:"With Covers, Publishers Take More Than Page From Rivals"
768:
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in Belgium. Many stock photos document historical events.
1131:
1086:"Microstock photography represents a new business model"
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1134:
111:
was founded in May 2000, followed by companies such as
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1485:
Gross, Larry P.; Katz, John Stuart; Ruby, Jay (2003).
747:
322:-based Getty Communications to form the Seattle-based
1315:(2). University of California Press: 8. Winter 1959.
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1102:
1100:
351:
1928:
The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind
1566:"Depositphotos Launches Clashot: Mobile Application"
1534:
1532:
1399:
1170:
1168:
1299:
1297:
1280:(3 ed.). Allworth Communications. p. 13.
1050:
1048:
1031:(3 ed.). Allworth Communications. p. 16.
888:"When Are Photos Like Penny Stocks? When They Sell"
571:
In the early 1990s, the stock industry focused on "
2044:
1869:"New Software Sifts Photos for the Most Clickable"
1097:
1655:"Jupitermedia to sell online image unit to Getty"
1529:
501:Established models of stock photography include:
283:for sorting and retrieving photographs. In 1991,
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1708:
1456:
1294:
1058:Digital Stock Photography: How to Shoot and Sell
1045:
601:
1956:
1646:
1429:
1240:"Photo wars: A $ 2 billion business gets rough"
1176:"New Approach Brings Down Picture Buying Costs"
992:
2017:
1963:Graber, Christoph B.; Nenova, Mira B. (2008).
1892:
1764:
1676:
1080:
1078:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
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882:
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878:
876:
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872:
846:"Co-founder of Getty Images steps down as CEO"
2185:
1918:
1466:The Getty-PhotoDisc Deal: Image is Everything
913:
911:
909:
907:
811:
809:
408:and Brianna Wettlaufer then went on to start
330:was bought by Getty Images for ÂŁ8.6 million.
271:Expansion and transition online (1980s–1990s)
227:New indexing systems and growth (1940s–1980s)
189:was founded in 1920 by H. Armstrong Roberts.
1962:
1623:
1621:
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568:, and images related to travel and tourism.
3737:Conservation and restoration of photographs
1860:
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839:
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168:in the mid-1880s with the invention of the
3474:Comparison of digital and film photography
2192:
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1631:. Getty Images. 2009-02-23. Archived from
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1269:
1267:
904:
806:
488:Stock photography refers to the supply of
428:, which opened to the public in 2005, and
152:A stock photograph, now in the archive of
3694:Photographs considered the most important
2115:Miller, Claire Cain (September 7, 2017).
1618:
1226:
1020:
1018:
628:In relation to photography and graphics,
1203:
1201:
1140:
843:
834:
776:
657:industry, royalty-free (RF) refers to a
616:
147:
144:First stock photo companies (1920–1930s)
25:
2137:from the original on September 26, 2017
1866:
1514:"Small Business: How to Beat a Goliath"
1264:
948:
946:
693:two common license types together with
235:started as the photographic archive of
187:first major stock photography libraries
34:stock photo titled "frog on palm frond"
3807:
2114:
2077:
1902:. Hulton Archive. 2001. Archived from
1867:Dwoskin, Elizabeth (October 1, 2015).
1834:
1828:
1802:
1770:
1739:
1696:from the original on February 14, 2017
1435:
1237:
1106:
1061:. Allworth Communications. p. 8.
1015:
998:"A Brief History of Stock Photography"
917:
677:
2173:
2050:
2023:
1924:
1417:from the original on 13 February 2023
1387:from the original on 13 February 2023
1383:. Berlin, Germany. 11 February 2021.
1273:
1198:
1054:
1024:
606:
447:Between the 1990s and the mid-2000s,
91:with packs of images, pioneering the
1835:Ossola, Alexandra (March 10, 2016).
1771:Newman, Andrew Adam (July 7, 2005).
1606:from the original on 25 October 2016
1576:from the original on 25 October 2016
1436:Crotty, Cameron (February 1, 1996).
1341:
1252:from the original on October 5, 2012
953:Hulton|Archive – History in Pictures
943:
642:
531:
355:
3689:Museums devoted to one photographer
1742:"What Does Stock Photography Mean?"
1277:How to Shoot Stock Photos That Sell
1186:from the original on 27 August 2016
1143:"fotoLibra gets it picture perfect"
1119:from the original on August 2, 2012
1028:How to Shoot Stock Photos That Sell
420:stock photography website, in 2004
13:
3236:Timeline of photography technology
2107:
352:Recent developments (2000–present)
241:. As the archive expanded through
14:
3831:
2151:
2030:. Focal Press. pp. 352–353.
1752:from the original on May 23, 2022
844:Grunbaum, Rami (March 13, 2015).
560:, expressing common emotions and
3787:
3777:
3776:
2157:
2078:Umlauf, Taylor (March 4, 2015).
1238:Levine, Robert (April 4, 2007).
1107:Gibson, Steve (April 13, 2008).
471:started a photo news agency for
360:
95:licensing system at a time when
3788:
2199:
2092:from the original on 2015-09-09
2071:
1998:
1987:from the original on 2023-05-15
1945:from the original on 2023-04-12
1881:from the original on 2016-06-28
1849:from the original on 2016-06-13
1817:from the original on 2021-10-26
1803:Zipkin, Nina (March 10, 2016).
1785:from the original on 2019-12-23
1740:Struck, Amos (April 20, 2021).
1733:
1722:from the original on 2013-03-12
1665:from the original on 2008-10-26
1588:
1558:
1487:Image ethics in the digital age
1356:from the original on 2012-04-13
1215:from the original on 2015-08-31
1004:from the original on 2016-08-07
932:from the original on 2021-12-30
858:from the original on 2016-08-15
823:from the original on 2016-03-17
666:licenses and often employed in
107:. The early microstock company
16:Photographs with a specific use
1141:Basheera, Khan (9 June 2004).
918:Garber, Megan (May 18, 2012).
483:
310:notably acquiring the massive
1:
3286:Painted photography backdrops
3218:Golden triangle (composition)
2493:35 mm equivalent focal length
1915:(archived on the Web Archive)
1653:D'Souza, Savio (2008-10-23).
1491:University of Minnesota Press
1342:Snow, Richard F. (May 2001).
740:
715:List of online image archives
613:Public domain image resources
602:Types of stock photo licenses
392:The early microstock company
2057:. Focal Press. p. 352.
1718:. Shutterstock. 2012-10-16.
1000:. alamy.com. June 16, 2015.
817:"Traditional Stock Agencies"
7:
2996:Intentional camera movement
708:
10:
3838:
3684:Most expensive photographs
3041:Multi-exposure HDR capture
777:R. Peres, Michael (2007).
681:
646:
610:
255:Victoria and Albert Museum
138:
18:
3772:
3729:
3676:
3581:
3524:
3430:
3314:
3226:
3178:
2918:
2685:
2485:
2207:
2051:Peres, Michael R (2007).
2024:Peres, Michael R (2007).
369:This section needs to be
328:Hulton Picture Collection
3618:Digital image processing
1109:"Dreamstime Site Review"
819:. budgetstockphoto.com.
552:. More recent trends in
457:Jupitermedia Corporation
3291:Photography and the law
2085:The Wall Street Journal
1971:Edward Elgar Publishing
1209:"About Can Stock Photo"
653:In photography and the
478:initial public offering
3638:Gelatin silver process
2662:Science of photography
2647:Photographic processes
2625:Perspective distortion
1900:"About Hulton Archive"
1274:Heron, Michal (2001).
1055:Heron, Michal (2007).
1025:Heron, Michal (2001).
720:Microstock photography
699:microstock photography
672:microstock photography
625:
554:microstock photography
161:
48:microstock photography
35:
3096:Schlieren photography
2635:Photographic printing
2558:Exposure compensation
1925:Boyle, James (2008).
1523:July 2, 2010, at the
1344:"Goodbye To All That"
637:intellectual property
620:
299:. In contrast to the
208:. Founded in 1936 by
151:
75:in New York, and the
29:
2880:Straight photography
2518:Chromatic aberration
2166:at Wikimedia Commons
1931:. CSPD. p. 38.
1692:. February 4, 2009.
1519:, February 2, 2009
783:Taylor & Francis
735:Representative image
697:, subscription, and
178:H. Armstrong Roberts
3747:photographic plates
3432:Digital photography
2610:Hyperfocal distance
2523:Circle of confusion
2164:Stock photographies
1874:Wall Street Journal
1474:on October 8, 1999.
1305:"Editor's Notebook"
1211:. Can Stock Photo.
678:Rights-managed (RM)
289:Seattle, Washington
251:Charles Gibbs-Smith
156:, showing the 1911
85:Seattle, Washington
3251:Autochrome Lumière
3246:Analog photography
3071:Pigeon photography
2860:Social documentary
2339:discontinued films
2122:The New York Times
2010:2016-03-02 at the
1778:The New York Times
1602:. 7 October 2013.
1555:, October 28, 2013
1545:2021-12-30 at the
1153:on 6 February 2012
1113:Microstock Insider
958:2013-05-27 at the
893:2021-02-25 at the
668:subscription-based
626:
607:Public domain (PD)
521:The New York Times
495:The New York Times
473:citizen journalism
162:
36:
3815:Stock photography
3802:
3801:
3603:Collodion process
3539:Chromogenic print
3526:Color photography
3036:Multiple exposure
3011:Lo-fi photography
2538:Color temperature
2162:Media related to
2064:978-0-240-80740-9
2037:978-0-240-80740-9
1980:978-1-84720-921-4
1938:978-0-300-13740-8
1572:. 15 March 2016.
1500:978-0-8166-3824-6
1349:American Heritage
1287:978-1-58115-087-2
1068:978-1-58115-484-9
1038:978-1-58115-087-2
851:The Seattle Times
674:business models.
643:Royalty-free (RF)
573:conceptual images
532:Styles and trends
406:Bruce Livingstone
390:
389:
247:Sir Edward Hulton
172:and its use on a
158:Solvay Conference
52:contractual basis
41:is the supply of
39:Stock photography
3827:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3658:Print permanence
3608:Cross processing
3566:CMYK color model
3551:Color management
3504:Foveon X3 sensor
3499:Three-CCD camera
3143:Miniature faking
3101:Sabattier effect
2713:Astrophotography
2568:Zebra patterning
2194:
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1538:Steven Bertoni,
1536:
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1505:
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1482:
1476:
1475:
1470:. Archived from
1468:- Business Week"
1460:
1454:
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1433:
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1424:
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1411:agefotostock.com
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1182:. 16 June 2005.
1172:
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1149:. Archived from
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312:Bettmann Archive
291:, began selling
194:Bettmann Archive
131:, JumpStory and
87:, began selling
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3663:Push processing
3584:
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3571:RGB color model
3520:
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3188:Diagonal method
3174:
2914:
2818:Photojournalism
2681:
2513:Black-and-white
2481:
2460:Slide projector
2455:Movie projector
2334:available films
2203:
2198:
2154:
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2110:
2108:Further reading
2105:
2104:
2095:
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2065:
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2038:
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2018:
2012:Wayback Machine
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1973:. p. 173.
1961:
1957:
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1898:
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1842:Popular Science
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705:license type).
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596:German Shepherd
534:
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430:Can Stock Photo
400:model in 2001.
386:
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326:. In 1996, the
314:in 1995. After
273:
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121:Can Stock Photo
73:Bettman Archive
24:
21:stock valuation
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2657:Red-eye effect
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2548:Depth of focus
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2152:External links
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1084:Kim Peterson,
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901:, June 5, 2007
899:New York Times
886:Eric A. Taub,
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682:Main article:
679:
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664:Rights Managed
647:Main article:
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587:Potter Stewart
562:gesticulations
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233:Hulton Archive
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3759:Polaroid art
3653:K-14 process
3648:Instant film
3643:Gum printing
3598:C-41 process
3583:Photographic
3484:Image sensor
3479:Film scanner
3133:Sun printing
3066:Print toning
2874:
2853:space selfie
2823:Pictorialism
2753:Ethnographic
2733:Conservation
2605:Guide number
2600:Focal length
2139:. Retrieved
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1810:Entrepreneur
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1710:
1700:December 16,
1698:. Retrieved
1689:The Guardian
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1633:the original
1608:. Retrieved
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1472:the original
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964:Picture Post
963:
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925:The Atlantic
923:
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796:. Retrieved
703:royalty-free
695:royalty-free
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655:illustration
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649:Royalty-free
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582:The Atlantic
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418:royalty-free
414:Shutterstock
404:co-founders
398:micropayment
391:
378:
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332:
324:Getty Images
305:
297:Royalty Free
274:
265:agefotostock
264:
263:
243:World War II
238:Picture Post
236:
230:
221:Nazi Germany
203:
197:
191:
183:photo shoots
163:
154:Getty Images
129:Shutterstock
105:Getty Images
93:royalty-free
64:
60:The Atlantic
58:
56:
38:
37:
3820:Stock media
3764:Stereoscopy
3628:E-6 process
3623:Dye coupler
3556:color space
3469:Digiscoping
3462:camera back
3377:Philippines
3306:Visual arts
3296:Glass plate
3281:Heliography
3180:Composition
3155:Ultraviolet
3111:Stereoscopy
3106:Slow motion
3091:Scanography
3006:Kite aerial
2946:Contre-jour
2838:Post-mortem
2828:Pornography
2808:Neues Sehen
2743:Documentary
2677:Zone System
2652:Reciprocity
2578:Film format
2508:Backscatter
2486:Terminology
2356:beauty dish
2255:rangefinder
2220:light-field
2201:Photography
2005:unprotected
1746:Stock Photo
1421:13 February
1391:13 February
962:History of
589:-style, to
558:stereotypes
542:Bill Brandt
490:photographs
484:Description
467:. In 2005,
461:stock.xchng
402:iStockphoto
394:iStockphoto
346:photography
133:Adobe Stock
109:iStockphoto
69:RobertStock
43:photographs
3809:Categories
3754:Lomography
3585:processing
3534:Print film
3450:comparison
3417:Uzbekistan
3367:Luxembourg
3327:Bangladesh
3276:Dufaycolor
3256:Box camera
3213:Simplicity
3170:Zoom burst
3165:Xerography
3160:Vignetting
3150:Time-lapse
3138:Tilt–shift
3031:Mordançage
3021:Luminogram
2986:Holography
2981:High-speed
2961:Fill flash
2941:Burst mode
2919:Techniques
2900:Vernacular
2895:Underwater
2890:Toy camera
2870:Still life
2798:Monochrome
2788:High-speed
2738:Cloudscape
2728:Conceptual
2630:Photograph
2615:Lens flare
2595:Film speed
2477:Zone plate
2423:wide-angle
2408:long-focus
2096:2016-03-14
1991:2023-03-23
1949:2023-03-23
1910:2009-08-14
1885:2016-07-15
1853:2016-06-15
1821:2016-06-15
1789:2016-07-15
1726:2013-01-18
1669:2009-08-14
1639:2009-08-13
1610:25 October
1600:Techcrunch
1580:25 October
1517:SmartMoney
1449:2008-10-06
1407:"About Us"
1360:2016-07-18
1219:2015-08-28
1008:2016-03-14
936:2016-07-16
862:2016-07-15
827:2016-03-14
798:2016-03-14
741:References
550:Ernst Haas
538:Bert Hardy
512:Microstock
465:StockXpert
449:Bill Gates
422:Dreamstime
381:March 2024
113:Dreamstime
3704:Norwegian
3668:Stop bath
3613:Developer
3241:Ambrotype
3203:Lead room
3126:Slit-scan
3061:Photogram
3056:Panoramic
2966:Fireworks
2951:Cyanotype
2793:Landscape
2438:telephoto
2386:reflector
2381:monolight
2376:lens hood
2361:cucoloris
2297:safelight
2208:Equipment
2131:0362-4331
1245:CNN Money
1147:i.t.wales
690:copyright
659:copyright
634:exclusive
577:panoramas
426:fotoLibra
316:Photodisc
285:Photodisc
170:half-tone
117:fotoLibra
81:Photodisc
3783:Category
3489:CMOS APS
3387:Slovenia
3315:Regional
3261:Calotype
3198:Headroom
3076:Redscale
2991:Infrared
2936:Brenizer
2910:Wildlife
2833:Portrait
2778:Forensic
2768:Fine-art
2703:Aircraft
2693:Abstract
2573:F-number
2553:Exposure
2528:Clipping
2503:Aperture
2371:hot shoe
2292:enlarger
2287:Darkroom
2135:Archived
2090:Archived
2008:Archived
1985:Archived
1943:Archived
1879:Archived
1847:Archived
1815:Archived
1783:Archived
1750:Archived
1720:Archived
1694:Archived
1663:Archived
1604:Archived
1574:Archived
1543:Archived
1521:Archived
1443:Macworld
1415:Archived
1385:Archived
1354:Archived
1256:July 19,
1250:Archived
1213:Archived
1190:21 March
1184:Archived
1157:21 March
1123:July 19,
1117:Archived
1002:Archived
956:Archived
930:Archived
891:Archived
856:Archived
821:Archived
803:page 351
709:See also
281:keywords
277:archives
166:line art
3794:Outline
3730:Related
3422:Vietnam
3407:Ukraine
3342:Denmark
3322:Albania
3301:Tintype
3228:History
3193:Framing
3086:Rollout
3051:Panning
3001:Kirlian
2905:Wedding
2783:Glamour
2763:Fashion
2748:Eclipse
2718:Banquet
2640:Albumen
2450:Monopod
2428:fisheye
2396:softbox
2245:pinhole
2235:instant
2225:digital
1756:May 31,
1659:Reuters
1329:1210017
623:Chicago
442:Fotolia
434:Fotolia
371:updated
293:CD ROMs
253:of the
217:curator
139:History
89:CD ROMs
3792:
3781:
3714:street
3709:Polish
3402:Turkey
3397:Taiwan
3382:Serbia
3372:Norway
3347:Greece
3332:Canada
2926:Afocal
2885:Street
2865:Sports
2848:Selfie
2803:Nature
2758:Erotic
2723:Candid
2698:Aerial
2686:Genres
2588:medium
2465:Tripod
2433:swivel
2346:Filter
2324:holder
2319:format
2215:Camera
2129:
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2034:
1977:
1935:
1552:Forbes
1497:
1327:
1284:
1065:
1035:
789:
546:Weegee
469:Scoopt
338:images
320:London
308:Corbis
214:German
101:Corbis
71:, the
3719:women
3677:Lists
3633:Fixer
3516:Pixel
3445:D-SLR
3392:Sudan
3362:Korea
3357:Japan
3352:India
3337:China
3121:Strip
3046:Night
3026:Macro
2931:Bokeh
2875:Stock
2843:Ruins
2583:large
2413:prime
2391:snoot
2351:Flash
2329:stock
2304:Drone
2265:still
2250:press
2240:phone
2230:field
1380:CEPIC
1325:JSTOR
334:Alamy
125:123RF
3742:film
3457:MILC
2956:ETTR
2813:Nude
2773:Fire
2672:Sync
2470:head
2418:zoom
2403:Lens
2366:gobo
2314:base
2309:Film
2280:view
2143:2017
2127:ISSN
2059:ISBN
2032:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1758:2022
1702:2016
1612:2016
1582:2016
1495:ISBN
1423:2023
1393:2023
1282:ISBN
1258:2012
1192:2012
1159:2012
1125:2012
1063:ISBN
1033:ISBN
787:ISBN
591:know
566:pets
548:and
463:and
212:, a
205:Life
202:and
199:Look
192:The
103:and
65:know
3494:CCD
2275:toy
2270:TLR
2260:SLR
1317:doi
670:or
287:in
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